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Introduction To Bridge Engineering UET PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Introduction To Bridge Engineering UET PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Lecture - 08
Introduction to Bridge
Engineering
Topics
Introduction
Bridge Components
Types of Bridges
Example
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Objectives
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to
Introduction
Bridge is a structure having an opening not less than
6000 mm that forms part of a highway or over, or
under which the highway passes.
Bridge Culvert
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Introduction
Bridge is the key element in a Transportation System:
It controls the capacity of the system.
Bridge Components
A bridge consists of super structure and sub
structure.
Super structure: Structural parts of the bridge which provides the horizontal span e.g. girder and deck.
Sub structure: Structural parts of the bridge which supports the horizontal span e.g. pier cap, pier pile cap etc.
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Bridge Components
Deck
Girder
Transom Diaphragms
(Pier Cap)
Pier
Pile Cap
Piles
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 7
Types of Bridges
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Types of Bridges
Types of Bridges
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Types of Bridges
Concrete Arch
Types of Bridges
Arch
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Types of Bridges
The most suitable site for this form of structure is a valley, with
the arch foundation located on dry rock slopes.
The conventional curved arch rib may have high fabrication and
erection costs, although these may be controlled by skilled
labor.
Types of Bridges
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Types of Bridges
Types of Bridges
Stiffening
trusses
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Types of Bridges
Types of Bridges
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Types of Bridges
Through Bridges
Types of Bridges
2. The open web system permits the use of a greater overall depth
(due to lesser dead load) than for an equivalent solid web girder.
Aesthetically pleasing.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 20
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Types of Bridges
T-beam,
I-beam,
Wide-flange beam,
Steel box,
Concrete Box Girder Bridge
Steel plate girder.
Types of Bridges
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Types of Bridges
Transient loads.
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Braking forces,
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Design Tandem,
Design Lane.
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14 ft 14 ft to 30 ft
24 in 6 ft
12 in
12 ft
24 kips 24 kips
4 ft
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10 ft
Bridge
Tandem + lane
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These strips with a strip width of “E” are called design lanes.
E E E E E
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W
W1
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 40
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
W1
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali CE-416: Reinforced Concrete Design – II 41
ØMn ≥ Mu
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32 kips 32 kips
8 kips
14 ft 14 ft
S/2
24 kips 24 kips
2 ft 2 ft
S/2
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0.64 kip/ft
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Example
Design Problem: Design of
simply supported slab bridge
for HL-93 live load.
Span length of 35 ft centre to
centre of bearings.
Example
Solution:
Step No 1: Sizes.
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Example
Solution:
Step No 2: Loads.
Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
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Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
Lane moment:
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Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
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Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
Example
Solution:
Step No 3: Analysis.
Now,
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Example
Solution:
Step No 4: Design.
(a) Design :
Moment (Mu) = 155.3 ft-kip/ft = 1863.6 in-kip/ft
Effective depth of bridge slab (d) = h – cover – ½ × Dia of bar
used
Using #8 bar, effective depth is bottom cover for slab is taken
equal to 1″.
d = 22 – 1 – ½ × 1 = 20.5 inch
Asmin = 0.0018 × 12 × 22 = 0.47 in2
As = Mu/{Φfy (d – a/2)}
After trials, As = 1.80 in2,(#8 @ 4 inches c/c)
Example
Solution:
Step No 4: Design.
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Example
Solution:
Step No 4: Design.
18″
Example
Solution:
Step No 4: Design.
Final Recommendation:
Main steel (bottom) = #8 @ 4″ c/c.
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Example
Solution:
Step No 5: Drafting
(Shrinkage reinforcement)
(Shrinkage reinforcement)
(Main reinforcement)
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Bridges in Pakistan
Lansdowne Bridge, Sukkur
Bridges in Pakistan
Jamshoro Bridge, Jamshoro
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Bridges in Pakistan
Attock Bridge, Attock
Bridges in Pakistan
Malir Bridge, Karachi
Longest Bridge in Pakistan (5000 m)
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Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar
Bridges in Pakistan
Chiniot Railway Bridge
Constructed in 1877.
Bridges in Pakistan
Bridge on M2 Motorway
One of the highest in Asia.
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References
Design of Highway Bridges by Richard M. Barker.
ACI 318-14
THE END
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