DEPENDENCY THEORY

This is one of the theories included in critique of dominant paradigm which is the concept of the development to
be/as “modernisation”, this is the dependency theory or the dependency paradigm
- Developed in latin america
- Development problems of third world countries: unequal distribution of resources

EXTERNAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO UNDERDEVELOPMENT

Problems of third world country
- Not internal but also external factors the way former colonies were integrated into the world economy

Political problems not lack of information

- problems of the underdeveloped world were political rather than the result of the lack of information (Hornik
1988)

Underdelepment roots
- Underdevelopment, they argued, was the flip side and the consequence of the development of the
Western world
- Third world countries were politically and culturally dependent on the West, particularly on the United
States

*teacher and student analogy: student being dependent on teachers

Dependency of third world countries to first world countries contribute to underdevelopment

 Teacher and student analogy
- Yung teacher bigay lang bigay ng information para receive
at imemorize lang estudyante

Western and third world countries

- Participatory approaches - empowerment of local communities, to recognize and resolve social concerns
- The indigenous knowledge, participation, and empowerment
- Kung ano yung development for local communities, yun yung papakinggan, hindi yung top-down yung
approach na yung western countries promote national development goals that will inspire individuals to act
and think in moder, western ways. Na kaya sila underdevelop dahil sa lack of information

PROBLEMS OF UNDERDEVELOPED
1. External Factors - problems of underdeveloped world were political ratehr than lack of information
- What kept them underdeveloped are social and economic factors, namely the dominated position that
those countries has in the global order
- Ang expense ng pagayaman ng mga bansang ito, ay yung paghirap ng ibang bansa, kasi may
relationship daw yun, para yumaman sila, kailangan may maexploit na iba
- It was the flip side and the consequence of the development of the Western world: kasi nga yun
gmga first world ineexploit yung natural resources ng mga third world countries, bibilhin ng first world
yung waiting labor and resources sa murang halaga, then imamanufacture nila into finished products
and then bebenta nila ng napakamahal sa market, yung mga products na ito nagiging wants or need
ng mga tao sa mundo, so nagkakaroon sila ng dependency sa west. Mas yumayaman ang west
Sa communication naman, nagkakaroon ng dependency nag third world sa first world in terms
of information. Ang isnusuggesr kasi ng mga western proponents like Lerner, Schramm, and others.
na kaya underdeveloped dahil sa lack of information kaya kailanga lang daw ippromote yung national
development goals sa media and this will inspire individuals to act and in think in modern ways. Which
doesn’t work sa third world countries, siguro gumana sa west pero hindi dito.
Kasi ang nangyayari sa atin, nagkakaroon tayo ng dependency sa mga west
- Western world concentrated on economic power and political decisions that maintained underdevelopment
and dependency (yung nga yung pagbebenta nila ng manufacture product sa mahal na presyo)
- Third world countries were plitically and culturally dependent on the west, pasticularly the US
Like kung paanong yung sa afghanistan umaasa pa sila sa tulong ng west para matalo yung talibans, yung
israelis din umaasa sa political decision ng us
 External forces yung naghohold back sa mga bansa
Sinasabi nila kaya sila hindi nagdedevelop dahil ayaw nila tanggapin yung change because they value their
clture and traditions, but what’s holding them back from developing are external factors which are yung mga
centercore

This theories answers the question bakit maraming mahirap ng tao, bakit hindi nagdedevelop yun gmga bansa

Capitalism is often thought of as an economic system in which private actors own and control property in accord with
their interests, and demand and supply freely set prices in markets in a way that can serve the best interests of
society. The essential feature of capitalism is the motive to make a profit.

The unequal exchange relationship between developed and developing countries

was viewed as contributing to poor economic growth.

World system theory took a larger perspective, examining the wider network of
relationships between the industrialized ‘core’ countries, impoverished ‘peripheral’
countries, and a group of ‘semiperipheral’ countries in order to show how some are
disadvantaged by their position in the global system.
- May mga positions ng bansa sa mundo, they can be one of the core countries, or peripheral, at
disadvantaged ka kapa

Because of their overspecialization in a small number of commodities for export, the

unchecked economic influence of external organizations, and political power wielded
by local agents of capital, countries on the periphery of the global capitalist system
continue to be characterized by high levels of economic inequality, low levels of
democracy, and stunted economic growth.
- Dahil iseserve ng mas mababang countries ang need ng mas mataas na country kesa sa kaniya

Yung media inaadopt yung sa ibang bansa