CHAPTER 6

ACID AND
ALKALI
 Rachel Term Zhi Xin 4S4
6.1 The role of water in showing acidic and alkaline
properties

ACID
DEFINITION
Chemical substances MONOPROTIC
that ionisesin water to
produces 1 H+
produce hydrogen
ions, H+ ion/acid molecule

DIPROTIC
produces 2 H+
produces 3 H+
ions/acid molecule
ions/acid molecule

MONOPROTIC,DIPROTIC,TRIPOTIC ACIDS ARE CLASSIFICATIONS OF

ACIDSBASED ON THE BASICITY OF THE ACIDS
 alkali
DEFINITION
Chemical substances that ionises in
water to produce hydroxide ions,
OH-

BASE
Substance that
reacts with acid
to produce salt
and water only

soluble in water

dissolve in water,
metal ion
and OH- can move
metal oxide freely
and metal
hydroxides
are bases
USES OF

ACID

food industry

-make

vinegar(CH3COOH,ethanoic

acid)

-manufacture fizzy drinks

(H2CO3, carbonic acid)

industry

-coagulate

latex(HCOOH,methanoic acid)

-manufacture

detergents, paints and

electrolytes in the lead

acid accumulator

(H2SO4,sulphuric acid)
USES OF

BASES

/ALKALIS
medicine

-make anatcid

(Mg(OH)2 , magnesium

hydroxide)

agriculture

-neutalise acidic soils

(CaO, calcium oxide)

industry

-manufacture soap(NaOH,

sodium hydroxide)
 role of water

To show acidity and alkalinity

acid
Acids only show acidic properties in
water.
Acid dissolves in water--> acid
molecules ionises to produce
hydrogen ions,H+
H+ ions shows its acidic properties
blue litmus paper change to red

alkali
Alkalis only show acidic properties
in water.
Alkali dissolves in water--> alkali
molecules ionises to produce
hydroxide ions, OH-
OH- ions shows its alkaline
properties
red litmus paper change to blue
 6.2 pH value
pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
-used to show the acidity and
alkalinity of an aqueous solution

pH value <7 : acidic

pH value 7: neutral
pH value >7: alkali
 EQUATIONS
1 calculate pH value of an acid
pH= -log[H+]

calculate concentration of hydroxide

2 ion, OH-
pOH= -log[OH-]

calculate pH value of alkali

3 sum of pH value and pOH value=14

pH + pOH=14
pH = 14- pOH

the higher the concentration of H+

* ions, the lower the pH value

the higher the concentration of OH-

* ions,the higher the pH value