GMW14698 Arranhões

Template For ENG STDS
WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING Test Procedure GMW14698
STANDARDS
Scratch Resistance of Organic Coatings and Self-adhesive Films
1 Introduction
Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take
precedence.
1.1 Purpose. This standard shall be used to determine the scratch resistance of organic coatings applicable to
single or multiple coat systems applied onto metallic or polymeric substrates and self-adhesive films.
1.2 Applicability. Single or multiple coat systems applied onto metallic or polymeric substrates and self-
adhesive films.
1.3 Remarks. Not applicable.
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ISO 105-A02 ISO 6507-1
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
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GMW3221
3 Resources
3.1 Facilities.
3.1.1 Calibration. The test facilities and equipment shall be in good working order and shall have a valid
calibration label.
3.1.2 Alternatives. Alternative test facilities and equipment may also be used. However, all measuring variables
as specified in this standard shall be determined correctly with respect to their physical definition.
3.2 Equipment.
3.2.1 Hardness Test Rod (Method A). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Hardness Test Rod
A Adjustment mark for spring force

B Spring
The rod may be procured from the following sources:
· Type 318 from Erichsen.de Erichsen GmbH & Co. KG, Am Iserbach 14, D-58675 Hemer, Germany,
+49 (2372) 96830
© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved
April 2016 Page 1 of 7
Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Sold to:TEKNIA BRASIL LTDA [116388100001] - RICARDO.SANCHES@TEKNIAGROUP.COM,
Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Not for Resale,2018-07-20 17:20:16 UTC
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14698
· Type PH-5810 from byk.com

BYK-Gardner GmbH, Lausitzer Straße 8, D-82538 Geretsried, Germany, +49 (8171) 3493-0, and
BYK-Gardner USA, 9104 Guilford Road, Columbia, MD, 21046 USA, +1 (301) 483-6500
· Type HPS from www.mtv-messtechnik.de
Mtv Messtechnik oHG, Justus-von-Liebig-Straße 17a, D-50374 Erftstadt, Germany + 49 (2235) 98717-0
3.2.2 Five Finger Test Device (Method B). The basic testing device has a base and five movable fingers with
metal tips. One end of each finger is fixed and the other end is fitted with interchangeable scratch steel tips with
(1.0 ± 0.1) mm diameter hemisphere. The tips are loaded with different weights exerting the standard forces.
The following details apply only for Rockwood 5-Finger Scratch and Mar Testers:
Table 1: Standard Forces
Arm No. Tip Load
in N
1 20.0
2 15.0
3 13.0
4 8.0
5 5.0
Non-standard forces may be employed at the discretion of the appropriate material standard or test engineer.
Weight can be loaded onto the finger in three different positions as desired as shown in Figure 2 and described
in Table 2.
Test plaques rest below the loaded finger tips on a base. Actuation of the arms may be accomplished by a
pneumatically driven finger.
Figure 2: Weight Placement on Arm
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Table 2: Force/Mass Chart

Force Needed Mass Identification Position of Mass on Arm
in N
0.6 0 0
2 A 1
3 B 2
4.5 C 3
5 C 2

Force Needed Mass Identification Position of Mass on Arm

in N
6 D 3
7 D 1
8 E 3
9.25 E 2
10 E 1
13 F 3
14 F 2
15 F 1
17.3 G 3
18 G 2
20 G 1
The testing device may be procured from the following source:

· Rockwood Systems and Equipment, Inc.
34303 Industrial Road
Livonia, MI 48150 USA
+1 (734) 525-9140
· TABER® Industries
Materials Test & Measurement Division
455 Bryant Street
North Tonawanda, New York 14120 - USA
+1 (716) 694-4000
Replacement tips can be procured from

· LAM Industries
12985 Wayne Road
Livonia, MI 48150 USA
+1 (734) 266-1404
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e-mail: Lamind@sbcglobal.net
3.2.3 Linear Hardness Test Device (Method C). The testing device is intended to establish the ability of a
surface to resist damage by scratching.
The required force can be set in the range of (0.5 to 20) N by moving the weight along the reciprocating beam
making use of a setting scale.
It may be procured from the following source:
Erichsen GmbH & Co. KG, Am Iserbach 14, D-58675 Hemer, Germany, +49 (2372) 96830
3.2.4 Test Tips. Made of polished steel or hard metal to ISO 6507-1 485 HV minimum.
3.2.4.1 Test Tip 1. Hemispheric tip: (1.0 ± 0.1) mm diameter.
3.2.4.2 Test Tip 2. See Figure 3 and Figure 4 for 0.5 mm tip with special geometry.

Figure 3: Test Tip 2
A: Brass
B: Tip
Figure 4: Test Tip 2 (Zoom)
3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece.

3.3.1 The test sample, wherever possible, shall be the finished part. Should size, shape, etc., of the finished part
be impractical, then suitable pieces taken from the part shall be used instead.
3.3.2 The coating shall be applied according to the relevant material specification.
3.3.3 For initial sample approval and arbitration purposes, at least three test samples shall be tested. For routine
quality control, at least one test sample shall be tested.
3.4 Test Time. Not applicable.
3.5 Test Required Information. Not applicable.
3.6 Personnel/Skills. Not applicable.
4 Procedure
The scratch resistance of organic coatings and self-adhesive films, as determined by this test procedure, shall
be defined as the resistance to penetration by a pre-loaded hardened steel tip moving across the surface. The
steel tip has penetrated the organic coating or the self-adhesive film if a break, a crack, and/or a peel of organic
coating or self-adhesive film occurs during test.
4.1 Preparation. Samples to be tested using this method shall be flat plaques or regions cut from parts which
are sufficiently flat to provide for accurate assessment.
4.1.1 The test shall not be carried out prior to (72 to 96) h after coating and drying for organic coatings.
4.1.2 The test shall not be carried out prior to (24 to 30) h after adhering of the self-adhesive film.
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4.2 Conditions.
4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Unless otherwise stated in respective test procedures, all samples shall be
conditioned prior to each required test to GMW3221, Code D.
4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such
requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc.
4.3 Instructions.
4.3.1 For Test Equipment Method A (see 3.2.1 Hardness Test Rod). The tip of the test rod shall be placed
vertically onto the test sample surface with sufficient pressure to overcome the spring pretension. The test rod
shall then be drawn once over the test surface for a minimum length of ≈ 50 mm.
4.3.2 For Test Equipment Method B (see 3.2.2 Five Finger Test Device). Install the specified scratch tips with
(1.0 ± 0.1) mm diameter hemisphere under the arms.
4.3.2.1 Check the loading forces, measured directly at the scratch tip, by using a spring balance. If necessary,
position the weight(s) to meet the required scratch force(s) on the surface of the sample. Be sure that the cylinder
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label on each weight opposite the weight identification is in the direction of the air cylinder.
4.3.2.2 Place the sample into the testing device with the surface to be tested face up in the fixture. Position the
sample to maximize the length of the scratches when the testing device is actuated.
4.3.2.3 Actuate the scratching device within 3 s of lowering the arm tip on the sample allowing the arms to travel
one time across the surface of the panel at a rate of 100 mm/s.
Note: Very Important: Always pull arms across the plaque toward the air cylinder. Never push arms in opposite
direction.
4.3.2.4 Mark the direction of movement of the scratching device on the panels taking care not to mark the surface
just tested.
4.3.3 For Test Equipment Method C (see 3.2.3 Linear Hardness Test Device). Install the specified scratch
tip with (1.0 ± 0.1) mm diameter hemisphere under the arm. Equilibrate the arm by using the counterbalance
weight. Fix the test sample on the mobile slide with the clamping rails.
Move and fix the weight along the reciprocating beam to the required level making use of the setting scale.
The test tool made of Tungsten Carbide Steel is lowered onto the specimen when moving forward initiating the
scratching process. The speed at which the stylus travels shall be (35 ± 5) mm/s. A guide plate lifts the tool up
when the slide with the sample plate moves back.
5 Data
5.1 Calculations. Not applicable.
5.2 Interpretation of Results.
5.1.1 For Organic Coated Parts. The force at which the tip of the test rod on a single coat system just fails to
penetrate the substrate material, or on a multi-coat system just fails to penetrate the top coat shall be recorded.
5.1.2 For Self-adhesive Films. The force at which the tip of the test rod just fails to penetrate the self-adhesive
film shall be recorded.
5.1.3 For Molded-in-Color Plastic Parts. Color change evaluation compared to American Association of Textile
Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Grey Scale Rating (sample viewing angle, see Table 3), grey scale viewing
angle as specified in ISO 105-A02.

Table 3: Rating Scale for Molded-in-Color Plastics/Requirements = Rating 4 or Higher

Rating Scratch Evaluation (1 mm Heads)
5 Visual trenching (without whitening)
4 to 5 Slight whitening when held at a 45° angle (to light source) for either end of the scratch line
4 Slight whitening when viewed at any angle
3 to 4 None or slight whitening when viewed at a 90° angle; noticeable whitening when viewed at a 45°
angle for either end of the scratch line
3 Noticeable whitening when viewed at 90° angle
2 to 3 Noticeable to Severe whitening when viewed at any angle
2 Severe whitening when viewed at any angle
1 to 2 Severe to Complete whitening when viewed at any angle
1 Complete whitening when viewed at any angle
5.2 Test Documentation. The results of this test shall be reported in a test report with reference to this Test
Procedure.
Report the tip (GMW14698 - 1 or GMW14698 - 2), test equipment (Method A, B or Method C), and force for
each scratch on the surface of the sample. If more than one sample is tested, results may be averaged.
6 Safety
This Engineering Standard may involve safety requirements for hazardous materials, the method of operations
and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety issues associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to ensure compliance with all appropriate safety and health practices.
This would include any specific training that may be required. The safety and health standards include site
specific rules and procedures, company rules and procedures, and Government Standards. Contact shall be
made with the appropriate site Safety and Health personnel for further direction and guidance in these matters.
7 Notes
7.1 Glossary. Not applicable
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
AATCC American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
For example:
"Test per GMW14698 - 1, 13 N minimum"
GMW14698 = Record ID
1= Test Tip according to 3.2.4
13 N minimum = Required Force in N
"Test per GMW14698 - 2, 4 N minimum"

GMW14698 = Record ID
2= Test Tip according to 3.2.4
4 N minimum = Required Force in N
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9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in October 2005. It was first approved by Global GM Materials Group in December
2006. It was first published in September 2007.
Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)
1 SEP 2007 Initial publication.
2 AUG 2012 Five year refresh of standard. Added alternative test devices for Method A and
referenced suppliers, added Method C and added evaluation table for mold-in-
color plastics. (Finishes & Coatings Global Subsystem Leadership Team)
3 APR 2016 Added alternative source of test devices for Method B.
(Finishes & Coatings Global Subsystem Leadership Team)
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Template For ENG STDS

Scratch Resistance of Organic Coatings and Self-adhesive Films

A Adjustment mark for spring force

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 1 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

· Type PH-5810 from byk.com

Table 2: Force/Mass Chart

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 2 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

Force Needed Mass Identification Position of Mass on Arm

The testing device may be procured from the following source:

Replacement tips can be procured from

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 3 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

Figure 3: Test Tip 2

Figure 4: Test Tip 2 (Zoom)

3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece.

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 4 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 5 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

Table 3: Rating Scale for Molded-in-Color Plastics/Requirements = Rating 4 or Higher

"Test per GMW14698 - 2, 4 N minimum"

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 6 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

9 Release and Revisions

© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved

April 2016 Page 7 of 7

Copyright General Motors Company Order Number: W2106014

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