GMW15777

Template For ENG STDS
WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING Material Specification GMW15777
STANDARDS
Vehicle Exterior and Add-On Parts Paint Appearance Requirements
1 Scope
1.1 Material Description. This standard describes the surface appearance and quality requirements for GM
assembly plant painted vehicle exterior body panels, supplier painted body panels, and supplier painted fascias
and exterior add-on parts, and primed parts. The requirements are described in terms of appearance attributes
and surface blemishes for each zone that a body panel, fascia, or add-on part is located on a vehicle.
1.1.1 The purpose of these requirements is to ensure that the level of final finish on GM vehicles meets or
exceeds the level expected by our customers. This standard applies to primed and/or finished parts topcoated
in GM assembly plants or produced and topcoated by suppliers. The standard also includes requirements for
paint suppliers.
1.2 Symbols. Not applicable.
1.3 Applicability. Painted car bodies, fascias, and exterior add-on parts painted by or supplied to GM, as well
as primed exterior parts supplied to GM.
1.4 Remarks. Implementation of this standard applies to all GM assembly plant painted exterior body panels
and fascia effective Model Year (MY) 2017 and forward.
1.4.1 Supplier provided painted fascias and add-on parts for programs with Initial Design Release (IDR) dates
after August 1, 2016 will be required to meet the requirements of this version of GMW15777 and/or Statement
of Requirements (SOR) documents referenced at the time supplier contracts awarded.
1.4.2 Programs with IDR between June 1, 2011 and September 1, 2016 will be required to meet the requirements
of the August 2011 version of GMW15777 and/or SOR documents referenced at the time suppliers were
awarded contracts.
1.4.3 Programs with IDR prior to June 1, 2011 will be required to meet the requirements of the February 2009
version of GMW15777 and/or SOR documents referenced at the time suppliers were awarded contracts.
1.4.4 Individual vehicle program teams may move to implement this updated specification on current programs,
but they must consult with Assembly Plants, Supplier Quality, Suppliers, Purchasing and others, as required, to
assess cost and other ramifications.
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ASTM E1499 ISO 2808 VDA 16 VDA 280
DIN 6175-2 SAE J361
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW2 GMW3399 GMW15420 GMW17405
GMW3005 GMW14270 GMW15850 GMW17407
GMW3032 GMW14797 GMW16382 GMW17434
GMW3059 GMW15192 GMW17138
2.3 Additional References.
• Add-On Part Suppliers; Approved Color Source List
• Assembly Plant; plant-specific Bill of Material (BOM) charts by color.
• BYK-Gardner Technical Specifications (www.byk.com)
© Copyright 2016 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved
August 2016 Page 1 of 40
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Copyright General Motors Company

Provided by IHS Markit under license with General Motors Company Licensee=Minth North America/5988361001, User=Jenkins, Paul
Reproduction, distribution or publication of these standards is expressly prohib Not for Resale, 07/26/2018 20:55:22 MDT
GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW15777
• BYKmac-i meters Technical Specifications

• Certified Standard (Physical Panel)
• Digital Master Color Standard (MCS) Library available through GM SupplyPower (www.gmsupplypower.com)
• Dimensional Control Systems (DCS) File Log in the Math Data
• Elcometer Technical Specifications (www.elcometer.com)
• F10 Material Specification Sheet
• Factor tolerances documented on the color data sheet, which is available through GM SupplyPower
(www.gmsupplypower.com)
• Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test
• Global Customer Audit (GCA 2016) Worldwide Audit Procedure
• Global Exterior Harmony Review Report
• GM Approved Color Standard (Physical Panel) and Primer Standard (Physical Panel) available from the
regional engineering center or Thierry Corporation (www.thierry-corp.com)
• GM Approved Gloss Standard (Physical Plaque)
• GM Approved Orange Peel Visual Plaque available through ACT Laboratories (www.acttestpanels.com)
• GM Working Standard (Physical Panel)
• GTR34920: Enclosures and Decks Technical Specification
• Math Data Files
• Statement of Requirement (SOR)
• Vehicle Technical Specification (VTS)
• Wavescan Meters Technical Specifications available through BYK-Gardner (www.byk.com)
3 Requirements
3.1 Part Zones. Exterior body parts are divided into different appearance zones to set the quality of each zone
separately (see Appendix A, Table A1 – Global Customer Audit (GCA) Appearance Zones for Vehicles and Add-
On Parts).
3.1.1 Detailed zone definitions of each body panel, fascia or add-on part are common with GCA 2016 definitions.
A definition summary is included in Appendix A, Table A1 and Appendix A, Figure A1. Any concerns related to
part zone definitions should be resolved with direction from GM Manufacturing Quality or the Design Release
engineer (DRE).
3.1.2 Additional zoning guidelines for add-on parts are provided in Appendix A, Table A2 and in Appendix A,
Figure A2. Note that the information provided in Appendix A, Table A2 and Appendix A, Figure A2 represents
add-on part zoning guidelines. If individual parts have surfaces that fall outside of these guidelines, then the
DRE must be contacted to supply and verify actual part zoning.
3.2 General Inspection Requirements.
3.2.1 Completed Vehicle or Painted Part Inspection. For vehicle and part audits, all painted parts should be
inspected in approximate vehicle position and at an approximate (arm’s length) distance of 0.6 m (~2 ft) from the
observer, with viewing procedures as specified in VDA 16: Decorative Surfaces of Attachment and Functional
Parts for Automobile Exteriors and Interiors or in SAE J361: Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice -
Procedure for Visual Evaluation of Interior and Exterior Automotive Trim.
3.2.2 Manufacturing Facility Quality Inspection Stations for Paint Appearance Defect Identification.
Manufacturing facility paint quality inspection stations should be designed to support consistent identification of
appearance defects. Assembly facility inspection station construction and lighting requirements for paint defect
identification are detailed in GTR34920: Enclosures and Decks Technical Specification.
3.2.2.1 It is recommended that supplier facility inspection areas be designed with similar characteristics to
provide a consistent environment for identification of specified defects in Appendix A, Table A3 and quality
metrics in Appendix A, Table A4, Table A5, Table A6 and Table A7 prior to shipping supplied parts to GM
facilities.
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3.2.3 Light Booth Evaluation for Component to Color Standard Color Match. For component to color
standard color evaluation, a controlled lighting environment should be utilized and must conform to VDA 16 and
VDA 280: Colorimetry for Motor Vehicles, Visual Color Matching and Color Assessment specifications or
SAE J361.
3.2.3.1 All shipments of add-on parts under contract or purchase order, and manufactured to this specification,
shall be equivalent to their Appearance Approval Report (AAR) approved samples signed by Design Quality.
3.2.3.2 AAR approved samples are to be retained by the Tier 1 supplier for the life of the program. AAR approved
samples must have their instrumental color data uploaded into Supplier Quality Management Systems (SQMS)
included with their AAR paperwork.
3.2.4 Outdoor Inspection for Vehicle Color Match. Outdoor visual comparison to the GM Working Standard
(physical panel) is the method to be used for approval of exterior color match of vehicle bodies and add-on parts.
It is required that outdoor visual reviews be supplemented with instrumental measurement for body and fascia
according to 3.4.2.8, Steady State Color Harmony Assessment at Assembly Plants.
3.2.4.1 For visual evaluation of paint surface finish, quality and overall vehicle harmony, it is required that
completed vehicles be reviewed outdoors in natural daylight (under sunny and/or cloudy conditions). Color
harmony events should be scheduled between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. under conditions per SAE J361.
3.2.4.2 Color harmony evaluation conditions, including the time of day and weather conditions, must be
documented. Color harmony evaluations should be conducted using the GM Working Standard, as defined in
GMW16382: Definition and Identification of the Master Certified Standard and the Color Data for Color Process
Control.
3.3 Paint Quality Measurement Tools.
• Devices that are not Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (R and R) approved by GM Vehicle Systems
Global Paint should not be used.
• Alternative devices not specified here may be acceptable for use in data trending, but must be approved, in
writing, by GM Supplier Quality and GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint prior to contract award.
• All measurement equipment should be maintained and recertified per manufacturer’s recommendation.
• Paint and parts suppliers will be responsible to incorporate and maintain certification to the GM Approved
Color standard (minimum of once per year) using approved measurement systems within their manufacturing
process.
3.3.1 Orange Peel and Structure Balance.
3.3.1.1 Orange Peel and Structure Balance Instrumentation. The required method for orange peel and
structure balance characterization of all points is with the BYK Wavescan class of meters. Where possible, based
on body panel, fascia, or add-on part size and geometry, instrumentation should be used for orange peel
measurement.
3.3.1.1.1 Surfaces that cannot be measured with instrumentation due to part curvature (part radius less than
30 cm) or less than minimum required surface area (sample size less than 25 mm x 40 mm) may be evaluated
for orange peel with orange peel visual plaques.
3.3.1.1.2 Surface appearance is characterized by both orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value. The
approved GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Gage R and R meters that are approved for surface appearance
measurement are:
• BYK Gardner Wavescan Dual (Model 4840): Appearance control of medium to high gloss flat and curved
surfaces with radius r > 0.5 m.
• BYK Gardner Wavescan Micro (Model 4824): Appearance control of medium to high gloss flat and curved
surfaces with radius r > 0.3 m.
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3.3.1.1.3 Wavescan Meters and Wavescan Meters Technical Specifications are available from BYK-Gardner
(www.byk.com). Technical specifications for the equipment, including wheelbase footprint and scan length, are
available at this same web site. Annual recertification by the supplier is recommended.
3.3.1.2 Orange Peel Visual Plaques. For parts that cannot be measured by the BYK Wavescan Dual or BYK
Wavescan Micro meters due to size or geometry (part radius < 30 cm and sample size less than
25 mm x 40 mm), orange peel visual plaques may be used. Note that orange peel visual plaques are only for
the assessment of orange peel R-Value. These orange peel visual plaques are not for the assessment of
structure balance B-Value, which must be quantified instrumentally.

3.3.1.2.1 GM Approved Orange Peel Visual Plaques can be obtained from ACT Laboratories
(www.acttestpanels.com). Purchase and use only GM Approved Orange Peel Visual Plaques from ACT
Laboratories.
3.3.1.2.2 When using GM orange peel visual plaques, as opposed to the BYK Wavescan Dual or BYK Wavescan
Micro meters, 0.5 R-Value units should be added to the published BYK Wavescan standard values outlined in
Appendix A, Table A4. Note that specification levels are based on vehicle segment, region of sale, and body
panel/add-on part orientation.
3.3.2 Color.
3.3.2.1 GM Approved Color Standard (Physical Panel). GM approved color standard (physical panel) and
primer standard (physical panel) for visual color reference can be obtained from the regional engineering center
or Thierry Corporation (www.thierry-corp.com).
3.3.2.2 Instrumental Color Measurement Equipment. The GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Gage R and R
approved multi-angle instruments approved for color measurement are:
• BYK-Gardner BYKmac-i Meter (Model 7030): 23 mm diameter aperture for measurement of body panels with
radius r > 0.5 m.
• BYK-Gardner BYKmac-i Meter (Model 7034): 12 mm diameter aperture for measurement of small parts with
radius r > 0.5 m.
• As of December 2014, the 23 mm aperture BYKmac-i Model 7030 replaces BYKmac Model 6362, which is no
longer manufactured and supplied by BYK-Gardner. Additionally, as of December 2014, the 12 mm aperture
BYKmac-i Model 7034 replaces BYKmac Model 6397, which is no longer manufactured and supplied by BYK-
Gardner.
BYKmac-i meters are available from BYK-Gardner (www.byk.com). BYKmac-i meters Technical Specifications
for equipment are available at the same web site. Annual recertification by the supplier is recommended.
3.3.2.3 Fluorescence and Its Impact on Master Certified Standards (MCS). BYK-Gardner BYKmac-i meters
(Model 7030 and Model 7034) have color and effect characterization capability, along with the ability to quantify
fluorescence through the allocation of fluorescent light to the emission range. For this reason, all MCS digital
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standards for MY2016 and forward have been developed with the BYKmac-i class of meters only. Refer to
3.4.2.2, Digital Color Standards and the MCS, for information on virtual color standards.
3.3.2.3.1 To indicate that the GM approved color standard (physical panel) or painted body panel, fascia, or add-
on part has a measureable level of fluorescence during measurement, BYKmac-i meter Models 7030 and 7034
notify the user with a visual orange Light Emitting Diode (LED) flash and an audible beep. Fluorescence is
quantified in the BYK smart-chart software by the Intensity Emission Index (IntEmission).
3.3.2.3.2 BYKmac meters (Model 6362 and 6397) have capability to import MCS digital standards for MY2015
and back and have capability to measure colors with and without fluorescence for these colors. However, for
MY2015 MCS digital standards and back, fluorescence cannot be quantified with these older models.
3.3.2.3.3 For MY2016 and forward, MCS digital standards without fluorescence can be imported to the BYKmac
meters (Model 6362 and 6397). However, for MY2016 and forward, MCS digital standards with fluorescence
cannot be imported to the BYKmac meters (Model 6362 and 6397). For this reason, Models 6362 and 6397 not
already upgraded to BYKmac-i capability must be upgraded.
3.3.3 Paint Film Thickness. Only methods approved to ISO 2808: Paints and Varnishes Determination of Film
Thickness as indicated in GMW14797: Painted Plastic Parts Performance Requirements should be used for film
thickness evaluation. The following meters (see 3.3.3 a thru 3.3.3 g) represent approved examples for
measurement of film thickness. Meters can be accessed through the posted web sites.
a. Automation USA QNix 7500 (www.coating-thickness.com)
b. BYK Gardner Byko Test Model MPOR (www.byk.com)
c. Elcometer 355 and 456 (www.elcometer.com)
d. ElektroPhysik MiniTest 700 Series (www.elektrophysik.com)
e. Fischer Technology Dualscope FMP100/FMP150, Isoscope MP30e (www.fischer-technology.com)
f. Imaginant (formerly JSR Ultrasonics) Multi-Layer PELT Gage (http://www.jsrultrasonics.com/)
g. Oxford Instruments CMI233 (www.oxford-instruments.com)

3.3.3.1 Use of microscopes for film build analysis of materials that cannot be measured with film thickness meters
requires that the sample provide enough discrimination to measure all individual coating layers. For parts, use
of microscopes for film build analysis is the preferred method (refer to GMW17138: Determination of Film
Thickness).
3.3.3.2 Selected equipment must be properly calibrated to support accurate measurement on the vehicle or
component substrate and paint layering system. Annual recertification by the supplier is recommended.
3.3.3.3 Specifications for maximum paint layering system film thicknesses for plastic parts are detailed in
GMW14797.
3.3.3.4 Specifications for minimum paint layering system film thickness for plastic parts are defined in one of
these three following locations:
• Dimensional Control Systems (DCS) File Log in the Math Data
• SOR
• F10 Material Specification Sheet.
3.3.3.5 See specifications for minimum performance, compatibility, and processing requirements for all exterior
topcoats in GMW3005: Topcoat, Generic Qualification and GM Approved Materials Source List. Painted bodies
and add-on parts must meet the requirements of these specifications and one of the following:
• Assembly Plant; plant-specific Bill of Material (BOM) charts by color.
• Add-On Part Suppliers; Approved Color Source List available from each supplier according to GMW17434:
Pigment Evaluation.
3.3.4 Gloss.
3.3.4.1 Instrumental Gloss Measurement Equipment. The GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Gage R and R
approved gloss meters approved for gloss measurement are;
• BYK-Gardner MicroTRI Gloss Meter (Model 4446): 20 degree, 60 degree, and 85 degree single angle, and
20/60/85 degree tri-gloss capability. This meter, along with BYK-Gardner Technical Specifications, is available
from BYK-Gardner (www.byk.com).
• Elcometer 406 Mini Novo-Gloss: 60 degree single angle and 20/60 degree dual angle capability. This meter,
along with Elcometer Technical Specifications, is available from Elcometer (www.elcometer.com).
3.3.4.2 Gloss Measurement. If the requirement for gloss is greater than 60 gloss units, use the 20 degree meter
setting on the meter. If the requirement for gloss is less than 60 gloss units, use the 60 degree meter setting for
measurements. Gloss requirements for exterior painted surfaces and primed parts are shown in Appendix A,
Table A3.
3.3.4.2.1 Add-on parts such as door handles that cannot be successfully measured with the approved gloss
meters due to high curvature or small surface area (minimum 10 mm x 10 mm for 20 degree meter settings,
minimum 9 mm x 15 mm for 60 degree settings, and minimum 5 mm x 38 mm for 85 degree settings), must be
visually approved by a qualified visual evaluator to the GM Approved Gloss Standard (physical plaque). The
approved AAR sample may also be used as a reference.
3.4 Paint Quality Requirements. Before any evaluation or measurement is conducted, all inspection surfaces
should be clean and free from fingerprints, dirt or dust. No liquids, other than water, should be used for surface
cleaning. The use of chemical-based cleaners can cause a change of color values. The best steps for cleaning
car bodies and painted parts is to use a clean damp cotton cloth or chamois, followed by drying with a micro-
fiber cloth.
3.4.1 Orange Peel and Structure Balance.
3.4.1.1 Orange Peel and Structure Balance Performance Levels. Orange peel is the rough or wavy
appearance of a painted surface that is a function of shortwave and longwave measurements; the measurements
include the structure spectrum wavelengths of W b, W c and W d. The metric used to quantify orange peel is the R-
Value, which can range from R=1 (rough, structured surface appearance) to R=10.5 (smooth, glasslike surface
appearance).
3.4.1.1.1 Structure balance is an enhanced surface appearance metric that quantifies the waviness of a surface
finish. The metric used to quantify structure spectrum is the B-Value, which is a function of discrete structure
spectrum wavelengths W b and W d. A structure balance B-Value that is negative represents a longwave dominant
or wavy surface appearance. A structure balance B-Value that is positive represents a shortwave dominant or
pinchy surface appearance.

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3.4.1.1.2 Both orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value are measured with the BYK Wavescan class
of meters. See Appendix A, Table A4 for applicable orange peel R-Value levels and Appendix A, Table A5 for
applicable structure balance B-Values by vehicle segment, region of sale, and body panel orientation
3.4.1.2 Scaled Vehicle Segments for Body Panels. The vehicle segments for body panels, which correspond
to low, medium, and high scaled topcoat classes outlined in GMW3005 include:
• Premium/Luxury
• Non-Premium
• Emerging Market
• Commercial One (1)
• Commercial Two (2)
3.4.1.2.1 For fascias and add-on parts, premium and non-premium segment specification information is provided
in Appendix A, Table A4 for orange peel R-Value. Structure Spectrum B-Value specification information is
provided in Appendix A, Table A5 and Table A6. Note that fascias and add-on parts do not have structure
spectrum B-Value requirements Note, as well, that fascia average represents the average of left fascia wing,
center fascia, and right fascia wing readings. For add-on parts, the average represents the average of part or
body panel readings.
3.4.1.2.2 In order of preference, and based on body panel, fascia, or add-on part size and geometry, as indicated,
the following methods for orange peel evaluation are approved:
• BYK-Gardner Wavescan Dual Model AW-4840 (topcoat and medium to high gloss primer with part radius
> 50 cm).
• BYK-Gardner WaveScan Micro Model AW-4824 (topcoat and medium to high gloss primer with part radius
> 30 cm and sample size greater than 25 mm x 40 mm).
• Orange peel visual plaques for body panel and/or fascia and/or add-on part areas where size and geometry
(part radium < 30 cm and sample size less than 25 mm x 40 mm) prevent instrumental measurement. Orange
peel visual plaques may also be used, as needed, during visual color harmony events and individual
appearance part approvals.
3.4.1.3 Orange Peel and Structure Balance Specifications and Tolerance Bands. For full Production Part
Approval Process (PPAP) approval, individual specified checkpoints (using an average of three (3) BYK
Wavescan readings) must meet the applicable Premium/Luxury, Non-Premium, Emerging Market, Commercial
One (1) or Commercial Two (2) vehicle segment performance levels specified in Appendix A, Table A4.
3.4.1.3.1 Note that the orange peel R-Value requirements outlined in Appendix A, Table A4, and structure
balance B-Value requirements outlined in Appendix A, Table A5 and Table A6, for surfaces categorized as
Zone B in Appendix A, Table A1 and Figure A1, are only for exterior surfaces. Openings and inners categorized
as Zone B surfaces in Appendix A, Table A1 do not have orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value
requirements. Tolerance bands for orange peel R-Value readings and structure balance B-Value readings
include ranges bounded by the Best in Segment Target, Competitive, and Competitive Minimum.
• Best in Segment Target (Green): Orange peel R-values and structure balance B-Values in the top quartile
(above the 75th percentile) of industry data, as measured during the GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Annual
Exterior Appearance Survey, represent values in the Best in Segment Target (Green) Tolerance Band.
• Competitive (Yellow): Orange peel R-values above and structure balance B-Values outside of the minimum
target but below or outside of the Best in Segment Target, fall within the Competitive (Yellow) tolerance band.
The competitive tolerance band is between the 50th percentile and 75th percentile of industry data, as
measured during the GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Annual Exterior Appearance Survey.
• Non-Competitive (Red): The 50th percentile of industry data, as measured during the GM Vehicle Systems
Global Paint Appearance Survey, represents the competitive minimum for orange peel R-Value and structure
balance B-Value readings. Orange peel R-Value readings below and structure spectrum B-Value readings
outside of the 50th percentile of industry data are in the Non-Competitive (Red) tolerance band.
3.4.1.3.2 Additional specific orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value requirements may be detailed
in the SOR, Vehicle Technical Specification (VTS) documents or Math Data Files for Components and may
include requirements for orange peel R-value, structure balance B-Value, as well as structure spectrum values
W b, W c, and W d.
3.4.1.4 Wavescan Measurement.
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3.4.1.4.1 Wavescan Roll Lengths. Standard measuring lengths of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm can be used with
BYK Wavescan measuring devices. The length used to determine orange peel R-Values and/or structure
balance B-Values may be specified in the Math Data Files or should be agreed to by the Supplier, Supplier
Quality, and GCA. Use a standard roll length of 10 cm for all checkpoints on body panels and fascias for the
BYK Wavescan Dual and a standard roll length of 5 cm for all add-on parts, such as mirror shells, spoilers,
moldings, and fuel filler doors, for the BYK Wavescan Micro.
3.4.1.4.2 Wavescan Measurement Procedure. Proper measurement with the BYK Wavescan Dual and BYK
Wavescan Micro requires that the measurement surface be clean and dry and that all four (4) wheels of the
meter be in contact with the surface of the part or body panel being measured at all times during measurement.
3.4.1.4.2.1 Orange peel R-Values and structure spectrum B-Value should be an equipment-calculated average
of three (3) scans at each measurement location. Measurement locations for assembly plant process control are
as specified in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5.
3.4.1.4.2.2 At the specified checkpoints, all parts must meet the most stringent of the specifications given in
Appendix A, Table A4 and Appendix A, Table A5 and Table A6, the SOR, or the VTS documents. If using orange
peel visual plaques, as opposed to BYK Wavescan meters, for evaluation of orange peel R-Value, add 0.5 units
to the published BYK-Gardner Wavescan standard values in Appendix A, Table A4.
3.4.1.4.3 Wavescan Measurement Direction and Measurement Locations. Painted body panel and fascia
measurements should be conducted at a distance of at least 25 mm (~1.0 in) from the edge of the body panel.
For smaller add-on parts, measurements should be conducted at a distance of at least 15 mm (~0.5 in) from the
edge of the add-on part.
3.4.1.4.3.1 For Wavescan measurement of vertical body panels, the center front fascia, and the center rear
fascia, it is recommended that the instrument be rolled parallel to the ground. For vertical body panels, the meter
should be rolled from front to back along the length of the vehicle. For the center front fascia and the center rear
fascia, the meter should be rolled from left to right along the length of the fascia.
3.4.1.4.3.2 For Wavescan measurement of horizontal body panels, it is recommended that the Wavescan meter
be rolled from front to back along the length of the vehicle.
3.4.1.4.3.3 Measurement of body to fascia interfaces to quantify uniformity should be conducted so that the
meter is rolled in a parallel direction to the fender or quarter cut-line approximately 40 mm (~1.5 in) from the
interface while maintaining four (4) wheel contact. It is acceptable to deviate from this direction where the body
panel shape prevents four (4) wheel contact.
3.4.1.5 Wavescan Measurement of Add-on Parts with Highly Curved or Small Surfaces. When measuring
orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value of highly curved surfaces, it is critical that each reading be
qualified. Errant measures can be recorded if proper four (4) wheel contact is not maintained on curved surfaces.
3.4.1.5.1 Add-on parts, such as door handles and moldings, that cannot be successfully measured with the BYK
Wavescan Micro due to curvature (part radius less than 30 cm) or small surface area (sample size less than
25 mm x 40 mm), must be visually approved by a qualified visual evaluator to GM Approved Orange Peel Visual
Plaque. The approved AAR sample may also be used as a reference.
3.4.1.6 Orange Peel Measurement of Primed Parts. For primed parts that are subsequently painted at a GM
plant, and where the parts have a greater than 50 unit gloss when read using a 20 degree meter, use of the
BYK-Gardner Wavescan Dual or the BYK-Gardner Wavescan Micro is recommended for orange peel
measurement. Refer to Appendix A, Table A4, for minimum instrumental orange peel requirements.
3.4.1.6.1 For primed parts that are subsequently painted at a GM plant, and where the parts have less than
50 unit gloss when read using a 20 degree meter, use of orange peel visual plaques is recommended. Refer to
Appendix A, Table A4, for minimum visual orange peel requirements for primed parts.
3.4.1.7 Orange Peel Uniformity. The intent of this specification is for uniformity of all appearance attributes over
the entire vehicle, including body panels, fascias and add-on parts.
3.4.1.7.1 Maximum targeted variations within body panels, fascias, or add-on parts or between adjacent body
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panels, fascias, and add-on parts for orange peel R-Value uniformity are outlined in Appendix A, Table A4.
3.4.1.7.2 For orange peel, uniformity specifications are to be applied at the measurement checkpoints outlined
in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5 for vehicle body panels and fascias.
Note: A measurement that does not meet the specification for orange peel R-Value uniformity should only be
called in GCA when the condition arises where one or more adjacent surfaces (body panel, fascia, or add-on
part) does not meet the competitive minimum orange peel R-Value outlined in Appendix A, Table A4.

3.4.1.7.3 A Problem Report and Resolution (PRR) should not be written for out of specification orange peel R-
Value uniformity if the fascia or add-on part meets the orange peel R-Value specification, but does not meet the
uniformity requirement to an adjacent body panel, fascia or add-on part.
3.4.2 Color Data Management.
3.4.2.1 Qualification for Visual Evaluation of Color. Visual evaluators of color match must have proven
capability as determined by methods, including the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test (refer to
ASTM E1499: Standard Guide for Selection, Evaluation and Training of Observers and SAE J361. The minimum
Farnsworth-Munsell score requirement for visual evaluation qualification 16 or less (Superior Discrimination).
3.4.2.1.1 Qualification of evaluators should be repeated every two (2) years, at minimum, to verify that required
color acuity scores are maintained.
3.4.2.2 Digital Color Standards and the Master Certified Standard (MCS). The primary reference for objective
instrumental color difference calculation is the digital GM MCS for each color. The MCS for a given color
represents the digital file created through the measurement of the physical panel representing the mathematical
mean of the population of Certified Standards of that color, as defined in GMW16382.
3.4.2.2.1 Physical color standards and primer standards should be stored in their envelopes when not in use
and placed in a clean, dry location. Physical color standards and primer standards can be cleaned to remove
fingerprints and dirt by wiping with a clean, laundered, 100% cotton cloth and a 1:2 part solution of water and
naphtha or alcohol. Physical color standards and primer standards should not be cleaned with any other solvents.
3.4.2.2.2 The Digital MCS Library is currently stored on the GM SupplyPower website
(www.gmsupplypower.com). Users with access to Socrates can access GM SupplyPower directly to download
the digital MCS files. Users without access to Socrates will need to register to obtain a User Identification (ID)
and password at the site before digital files can be downloaded.
3.4.2.3 Color Measurement.
3.4.2.3.1 BYKmac-i Measurement Direction and Measurement Locations for Standards. When measuring
color standards, a minimum of five (5) measurements should be taken to record an average value for a given
color. During these measurements, the BYKmac-i meter should be oriented with the LED to the top of the
standard (as defined on the standard label).
3.4.2.3.2 BYKmac-i Measurement Direction and Measurement Locations for Vehicles. For body panel,
fascia, and add-on part measurement of completed vehicles, at least three (3) single measurements should be
taken to produce a calculated average reading for each measurement location. The color measurement tool
should be indexed slightly (minimum of several millimeters) between the readings for each body panel location.
3.4.2.3.3 Color measurement of body panels, fascias, and add-on parts should be completed with the equipment
held in a consistent orientation, as detailed in standardized work documented in Appendix B, Figure B1. The
equipment source of illumination should be coincident with the observing direction and sun angle (illumination
source at approximately +45 degree angle to the horizontal plane to match the sun’s angle).
3.4.2.3.4 For vertically oriented body panels, measurement should be conducted with the LED facing up and the
tool body perpendicular to the ground.
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3.4.2.3.5 For body to fascia color harmony measurement, the fascia data should be taken at the same orientation
as the fender or quarter body panel. The recommended orientation for hood and other horizontal body panel
measurement is to measure with the meter parallel to the length of the vehicle body and the light source
illuminating surface from the passenger compartment toward the front of the vehicle. The minimum measurement
program requirement for process control includes body panel locations defined in Appendix B, Figure B2,
Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5. Additional color measurement locations can be added to address specific
concerns.
3.4.2.3.6 Locations with the biggest bending radii on the body or part should be selected to prevent measuring
error and to preserve correlation to visual impression. If necessary, alternative measurement locations from
those shown in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5, should be arranged with the GM
Vehicle Systems Global Paint or Regional Engineering Center and/or the specific GM Assembly Plant. Care
should be taken to ensure that all four (4) of the meter’s measurement pins are depressed during measurement.
Should an error in measurement occur, the LED will blink red and an audible signal will be emitted. For
measurement in bright ambient light, the use of a foam insert provided with the equipment may be required to
allow for an accurate reading and full depression of all four (4) measurement pins.

3.4.2.4 Color Specifications and Color Measurement Algorithm. The color system for automotive exterior
application utilizes color differences weighted for measurement geometry (γ), application parameter (g), and
color (S) according to the DIN 6175-2 algorithm, which incorporates equations that consider whether a color is
non-chromatic and chromatic.
• The DIN 6175-2 algorithm for Pass/Fail process control for total color impression is represented by the sum
of the squares of the individual parameters at each measurement geometry.
• For non-metallic colors, the total color impression is characterized by the total color difference (dEt,p GM)
calculated according to the DIN 6175-2 algorithm, where the subscript "p" refers to production color difference.
These straight shade colors include a single angle measurement (45 degree).
• For metallic and effect colors, the total color impression includes the total color difference (dEt,p GM) and the
total effect difference (dSt,p GM). A metallic color includes five (5) measurement angles (15 degree, 25 degree,
45 degree, 75 degree, and 110 degree), and a color with effect pigment includes six (6) measurement angles
(-15 degree, 15 degree, 25 degree, 45 degree, 75 degree, and 110 degree). The total effect difference for
metallic and effect color includes sparkle parameters at each measurement geometry (15 degree, 45 degree,
and 75 degree) and graininess, which is angle independent.
• Refer to Appendix A, Table A7, for a graphical description (Appendix A, Figure A3) of the color parameters
dEt,p GM and dSt,p GM. Note that the composite parameter dSEt,p GM, which combines both the color
difference and the effect difference into a single value, is no longer used to quantify color difference.
3.4.2.4.1 Color match of painted bodies, fascias, exterior add-on parts painted by or supplied to GM, and primed
exterior parts supplied to GM must meet the requirements shown in Appendix A, Table A7. Overall vehicle color
harmony assessments completed by a qualified visual evaluator will override process control instrumental color
data for situations where discrepancies between instrumental and visual harmony exist.
3.4.2.4.2 Allowable production part and/or vehicle body color variation from the GM-approved MCS and/or
mating top-coated parts, as defined by the DIN 6175-2 algorithm, includes:
• Total Color Difference (dEt,p GM) difference of 1.0 or less (PASS), difference between 1.0 and 1.7 (WARN),
and difference > 1.7 (FAIL).
• Total Effect Difference (dSt,p GM) difference of 1.0 or less (PASS) and difference of > 1.0 (FAIL).
3.4.2.4.3 The total color difference (dEt,p GM) and total effect difference (dSt,p GM) versus the MCS digital file
should be measured at locations specified in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5, and
should deviate no more than the allowable tolerance limits defined in Appendix A, Table A7.
3.4.2.4.4 BYK-Gardner smart-chart, version 4.0, or later, must be used for color data management, color
harmony review data collection, and process control.
3.4.2.4.5 Note that the BYK-Gardner Autochart software is no longer supported by BYK-Gardner as of
December 2013. In addition, digital MCS files are not supported by BYK-Gardner Autochart. Users should
upgrade to BYK smart-chart software.
3.4.2.5 Steady State Fascia and Add-On Part Supplier Color Process Control. Process control should be
implemented at fascia and add-on parts suppliers, as defined within this standard, and should utilize color data
collection and analysis in dEp GM DIN 6175-2 format.
3.4.2.5.1 Fascia and add-on part suppliers should measure color position relative to the MCS for each color and
part to insure process control and measurements that are within tolerance against the MCS. Measurement
should be at locations specified in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5 or at locations
agreed upon by GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint. Frequency of measurement should be weekly, at minimum,
for each part and color.
3.4.2.5.2 For fascias, BYK smart-chart electronic data files for these measurements should be distributed, on a
weekly basis, to the plant Quality Engineering Manager (QEM). The QEM will trend both the body and fascia
color data at critical match points to monitor color position movement away from the MCS target. Ideally, the
body to fascia color difference should be less than 1.0 for color metrics dEp GM and dSp at each measurement
angle, as well as for dGw, which is angle independent.
3.4.2.5.3 Electronic files should include both the BYK smart-chart "Scorecard Detail Table" and the "Scorecard
Detail Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect" for each part and color (see examples in Appendix B, Figure B8
and Figure B9). The Scorecard Detail Table files can be exported to Microsoft Excel directly from BYK smart-

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chart for ease of distribution, and BYK smart-chart screen shots can be used to capture the Scorecard Detail
Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect.
3.4.2.5.4 The fascia and add-on part supplier should maintain internal process control trend charts using BYK
smart-chart for all parts and colors to verify that color position relative to the MCS is maintained over time.
3.4.2.5.5 BYK smart-chart out of tolerance triggers (PASS = green, WARN = yellow, or FAIL = red) for
measurement of add-on part color difference versus the MCS digital file must include both Total Color Difference
(dEt,p GM) and Total Effect Difference (dSt,p GM).
3.4.2.5.6 Add-on parts such as door handles that cannot be successfully measured with the BYKmac-i due to
radius or surface area constraints, must be visually approved by a qualified visual evaluator to the GM Approved
Color Standard. The approved AAR sample may also be used as a reference.
3.4.2.6 Assembly Plant Paint Supplier Batch Approval. Visual and instrumental color difference from the
MCS is used to evaluate and accept batch paint prior to shipment to assembly plant and/or supplier facilities.
3.4.2.6.1 Assembly plant paint suppliers should spray test panels, perform visual evaluations, collect color data
and provide batch panel color data to their GM assembly plant supplier facility representatives for evaluation
with a GM representative and acceptance by GM prior to batch shipment to GM.
3.4.2.6.2 Batch panels should accompany the shipment of totes to the GM assembly plant to support visual
evaluation and color measurement prior to load to a GM assembly plant paint mix system.
3.4.2.6.3 Color process control should utilize color data collection and analysis methods using BYK smart-chart
and the dEc DIN 6175-2 format. Measurement attributes for batch approval will include:
• Total Color Difference (dEt,c GM) - all paint types (non-metallic, metallic, and effect paints) with pre-defined
measurement geometries for batch panels.
• Total Effect Difference (dSt,c GM) - metallic and effect paints for batch panels.
3.4.2.6.4 Batch paint color position trending and visual comparison in controlled lighting environments should be
practiced to ensure consistency of batch. Prior to batch shipment, the paint supplier should communicate color
position information and notify GM of deviation from:
• Historical color position, as documented by BYK smart-chart trend charts, that has been shown to achieve
vehicle and add-on part match to the MCS, and
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• Factor tolerance changes as defined in GMW16382 and factor tolerances documented on the color data sheet,
which is available through GM SupplyPower.
3.4.2.7 Steady State Vehicle Body Paint Shop Color Process Control. Process control should be
implemented within the paint shop, as defined within this standard, and should utilize color data collection using
BYK smart-chart and analysis in Delta-Ep DIN 6175-2 format.
3.4.2.7.1 Paint shops should measure color position relative to the MCS for each color to insure process control
and measurements that are within tolerance against the MCS. Measurement should be at locations specified in
Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5. Frequency of measurement should be, at minimum,
at the same frequency as the Tier 1 fascia supplier and per the individual paint shop process control plan.
3.4.2.7.2 BYK smart-chart electronic data files for these measurements should be distributed, on a weekly basis,
to the plant QEM, to monitor color position movement away from the MCS. Ideally, the body to fascia color
difference should be less than 1.0 for dEp, as well as dS, and dGw, at all relevant measurement angle.
3.4.2.7.3 Electronic files should include both the BYK smart-chart "Scorecard Detail Table" and the "Scorecard
Detail Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect" for each part and color (see examples, which show body and
fascia match to the MCS and body to fascia harmony in Appendix B, Figure B6 and Figure B7). The Scorecard
Detail Table files can be exported to Microsoft Excel directly from BYK smart-chart for ease of distribution, and
BYK smart-chart screen shots can be used to capture the Scorecard Detail Scatter x/y Charts for Color and
Effect.
3.4.2.7.4 In addition, the paint shop should maintain internal process control trend charts using BYK smart-chart
for all colors and body styles to verify that the drift of any components of color position relative to the MCS does
not occur over time.
3.4.2.7.5 BYK smart-chart out of tolerance triggers (PASS = green, WARN = yellow, or FAIL = red) for
measurement of body panel color measurement versus the MCS digital file must include both Total Color
Difference (dEt,p GM) and Total Effect Difference (dSt,p GM).

3.4.2.8 Steady State Color Harmony Assessment at Assembly Plants. Exterior vehicle color harmony
assessments in steady state production are targeted to be performed, at minimum, once per month per color.
Problematic colors should be assessed on a weekly basis. The assembly plant QEM is responsible for
scheduling and conducting harmony assessments. Suppliers may be required to support these reviews per QEM
direction. The plant QEM, or designate, works in conjunction with Design Quality representatives to define
corrective actions.
3.4.2.8.1 Steady state color harmony assessments to evaluate overall vehicle harmony are required to be
reviewed outdoors in natural daylight (under sunny and/or cloudy conditions). Color harmony events should be
scheduled between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. under conditions per SAE J361.
3.4.2.8.2 In addition to visual reviews, instrumental BYKmac-i data should be collected for all vehicles reviewed
at steady state color harmony assessments.
3.4.2.8.3 Discrepancies between visual harmony and instrumental color data should be addressed through an
evaluation of the area that is not in agreement (body panel visual assessment versus instrumental color data,
supplied part visual assessment versus instrumental color data, or visual harmony versus instrumental color
data). Visual evaluation of vehicle color harmony at steady state color harmony assessments shall override
instrumental color data of a discrepant area.
3.5 Additional Requirements.
3.5.1 Substrate Surface Finish. Surface finish of substrates to be top-coated must not impact painted
appearance performance of vehicle body or add-on parts to minimum (Appendix A, Table A3) or product-specific
appearance specifications (SOR, VTS, Math Data Files).
3.5.1.1 In the event that final appearance of painted bodies, fascias, or add-on parts is negatively impacted by
substrate surface finish, GM reserves the right to demand substrate and/or processing changes as required to
meet specifications for painted part appearance as listed in Appendix A, Table A3 and/or SOR documents and/or
VTS documents.
3.5.1.2 GM Supplier Quality, working with Vehicle Systems Global Paint, will arrange for measurement of
substrates for any identified concerns per specifications referenced herein. Measurements will be made prior to
application of any elements of the paint layering system. Reference the following global specifications for
additional clarification of steel, aluminum, and polymer substrate quality measurements:
• GMW2: Low Carbon Sheet Steel
• GMW3032: High Strength Sheet Steel 180 MPa through 700 MPa Yield Strengths
• GMW3399: Multi-Phase and Ultra-High Strength Sheet Steel
• GMW15192: Aluminum Sheet for Body and Closure Panel Applications
• GMW15420: Global Qualification Process for Aluminum Sheet
• GMW15850: Injection Mold Tool Standards
3.5.2 Primed Part Inspection and Rejection. All shipments of materials or parts under contract or purchase
order, and manufactured to this specification, shall be equivalent in every respect to the initial samples approved
by engineering.
3.5.2.1 There shall be no changes in either formulation or manufacturing process permitted without prior
notification and approval by engineering. Lack of notification by the supplier constitutes grounds for rejection of
any shipment.
3.5.2.2 While samples may be taken from incoming shipments and checked for conformance to this specification,
the supplier shall accept responsibility for incoming shipments meeting this specification without dependence
upon purchaser’s inspection. In addition, the supplier shall submit a Certificate of Analysis with each batch of
material arriving at a plant. This document shall be prepared and provide data in accordance with GMW17405:
Incoming Paint and Sealer Material Documentation Requirements.
3.5.3 Appearance Attributes and Supplier Capability. Appearance attributes must meet requirements as
specified in Appendix A, Table A2 and Appendix A, Table A4, Table A5, Table A6 and Table A7 over the entire
vehicle, inclusive of all primed parts and top-coated fascias and add-on parts. Note that the Appendix A,
Table A3 specifications for orange peel R-Value, structure balance B-Value, and color are evaluated using the
checkpoints outlined in Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5, during the annual GM
Vehicle Systems Global Paint Competitive Benchmarking Field Survey.
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3.5.3.1 The supplier is responsible at time of technical review to submit any color-specific capability concerns
that may impact supplier ability to achieve specified appearance attributes.
3.5.3.2 For situations where a supplier is not capable of achieving the specified appearance attributes in
Appendix A, Table A3 and/or Appendix A, Table A4, Table A5, Table A6 and Table A7, located in Appendix A
of GMW17407: Vehicle Exterior Painted Plastic Add-On Parts Process Requirements must be approved by the
specified stakeholders.
4 Manufacturing Process
4.1 Steady State Production Process Capability and Continuous Improvement. Paint and part suppliers
must provide current manufacturing process capability at the technical review process and must develop and
maintain paint quality data as an integrated element of a daily/shift production quality feedback processes.
At a minimum, each supplier must implement process control plans that track performance levels while driving
variation reduction for the listed paint attributes.
4.1.1 Orange Peel R-Value and Structure Balance B-Value. The paint and part supplier shall develop and
maintain appearance position data sets, including trend charts per color, model, build line and part. Reference
specification targets in Appendix A, Table A4 for orange peel R-Value and Appendix A, Table A5 and Table A6
for structure balance B-Value.
4.1.2 Color. The paint supplier and add-on part supplier should develop equipment-based color data sets to
create trend charts to track color parameters over time. Trend charts should be maintained by color, model, build
line, and/or part. The primary reference for color difference calculation is the MCS.
4.1.2.1 The paint supplier and add-on part supplier should also utilize equipment-based color measurement to
identify variation in paint batch color position as defined in 3.4.2 Color Data Management and communicate color
position through the sharing of BYK smart-chart data downloads.
4.1.2.2 Internal trends charts maintained by the paint supplier, the paint shop, and the part supplier should be
used as a tool to minimize color variation. Charts should utilize measured color attributes, including dL', da', db',
dC', dh', dEc', dEp', at all relevant angles, as well as total color difference (dEt,p GM), and total effect difference
(dSt,p GM) by color, model, build line, and/or part. Note that the subscript "c" in dEc' represents a batch color
difference.
4.1.2.3 BYK smart-chart off color triggers (PASS, WARN, or FAIL) against the MCS reference should include
both Total Color Difference (dEt,p GM) and Total Effect Difference (dSt,p GM). Reference specification targets in
Appendix A, Table A7.
4.1.3 Film Thickness. The supplier should collect paint layering system film thickness measurements by color,
part location, and unique layer. This data will be utilized to ensure uniformity of add-on parts and the painted
body and to maintain minimum paint film thickness for durability.
4.2 Measurement Locations. Standardized body and add-on part locations for data collection are defined in
Appendix B, Figure B2, Figure B3, Figure B4 and Figure B5. Where not defined and/or where part geometry
requires more specific definition, the supplier/plant and GM Supplier Qualilty Engineer (SQE) will identify part
and model-specific check locations. These locations will be determined prior to Start of Regular Production
(SORP) and will be clearly defined using a graphic or marked-up part which will be retained for reference and
be accessible through GM Supplier Quality.
4.3 Part Zoning. For each fascia or add-on part style, suppliers should retain and display a zoned part per the
zoning definition developed and communicated by the DRE, as indicated in 3.1 Part Zones.
4.4 Timing for Initiation of Data Collection. Appearance measurements at the assembly plant and supplier
sites shall be targeted to commence with Pre-Production Validation (PPV) builds (Week -32 of the GM Global
Vehicle Development Process (GVDP)), but will not be formalized until Overall Harmony Approval by Design
Quality is achieved for the product program (as documented on the Global Exterior Harmony Review Report).
4.4.1 Add-on part suppliers and the assembly plant should strive to satisfy all appearance requirements of this
specification with supporting data prior to submitting to Design Quality and/or the appropriate SQE for AAR.
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4.5 Data Submission Requirements. Each supplier and the assembly plant will be able to provide data upon
request of the assembly plant or SQE, as required to assess paint performance. Shared information will be used
to assess and improve paint system appearance per the requirements of this specification.

4.6 Non-Conformance. In the event the supplier cannot demonstrate capability, a comprehensive plan with
identified critical path steps will be presented, which addresses lack of capability and allows a transition to an
approved BOM and Bill of Process (BOP) enabling conformance to GMW3005, GMW14797 and GMW17407.
4.6.1 The plan must include any required installation and validation of future materials, processes, tooling,
engineering, and facilities. Program impact and implementation timing should be provided.
4.6.2 Approved documentation for a manufacturing operating plan must include a process control plan, Process
Failure Mode Effects and Analysis (PFMEA) on materials, process and engineering with reaction plans and
escalation procedures included to allow points of contact between the supplier and GM assembly plant.
4.6.3 In the event of a condition of poor quality such as a GCA defect for poor surface appearance or an off-
color call between body and fascia, or other add-on part, the add-on part supplier will be responsible to produce
all subsequent data detailing the current production status and purge the painted parts supply of any similar poor
quality. The GM assembly plant has the option prior to PRR to audit the supplier paint production line and perform
any audit or testing required to ensure no further defects are found.
5 Rules and Regulations

5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recommendations valid
in the country of usage.
5.2 Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall
take precedence.
5.3 Inspection and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification
shall be tested for conformity with the requirements of this material specification and approved by the responsible
Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies.
A new approval must be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of
manufacture, etc. If not otherwise agreed, all testing and documentation normally required for initial release must
be completed.
It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, without solicitation, and to include
documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a new release.
5.4 Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS). For new product submissions, or when a
change in chemical composition of an existing product has occurred, a complete copy of the Material Safety
Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet must be submitted in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requirements or other country-specific MSDS/SDS
requirements.
5.5 All materials supplied to this standard must comply with the requirements of the International Material Data
System (IMDS) and GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances.
6 Approved Sources
Materials supplied to this specification must be approved by General Motors.
The appropriate GM Materials Engineering Department (Product Engineering or Manufacturing Engineering)
must confirm materials as meeting the requirements of this specification. Only materials/sources listed in the GM
Materials File (listed in the GM Approved Materials Source List) under this standard number have been qualified
by Engineering as meeting the requirements of this standard.
Engineering qualifications of an approved source are required for this standard. Only sources listed in the GM
Materials File (i.e., GM SupplyPower) under this standard number have been qualified by engineering as meeting
the requirements of this standard. To access this list, reference GMW14270 for latest location.
For other GM locations, the responsible engineering group should be contacted to obtain the approved source
in that individual country
7 Notes
7.1 Glossary.
B-Value: An enhanced metric for surface appearance that characterizes the structure balance of the painted
finish. B-Value is based on the relationship between the W d and W b wavelengths, as measured with the BYK
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Wavescan class of meters or similar equipment, with a negative B-Value representing a wavy, wet surface finish
and a positive B-Value representing a pinchy, dry surface finish.
Banded Tolerances: Tolerance windows for production control of, for instance, orange peel R-Value and
structure balance B-Value, are defined using Industry percentiles from the GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint
Annual Exterior Appearance Survey:
• Best in Segment (Green = Above Industry 75th Percentile),
• Competitive (Yellow = Between Industry 50th and 75th Percentiles) and
• Non-Competitive (Red = Below Industry 50th Percentile).
See Appendix A, Table A3, Table A4, Table A5, Table A6 and Table A7 for values based on a given metric. PRR
discrepancies may be written for any Red tolerance level measurements.
Bleeding: Pigment or a contaminant from a lower coat of paint or sealant diffuses into an upper coat and
discolors the surface.
Blushing: A whitish (milky) area in a paint film - zebra effect.
Boiling or Popping: Formation of air bubbles, water droplets, or solvent vapors in a paint film causing small
holes which appear to have been pricked by a pin. May also resemble small swelled areas similar to a water
blister.
Bull’s Eyes: Uneven paint surface depressions which can be seen or felt on a panel, usually caused by improper
sanding prior to painting.
Chips: Areas where flakes of paint have been removed from the surface.
Corrosion: The oxidative decomposition of a metal in contact with its environmental and/or chemicals.
Cracked Paint: Cracks, splits, or punctures that require brazing/welding/epoxy replacement. Splitting of a paint
film usually occurs as straight lines, which penetrate the entire thickness, appearing as irregular line separations.
Craters: Small round indentations, usually evenly distributed over the affected area. Larger craters may have
raised edges.
Cut-Off: Unsightly appearance of accent color and/or two-tone break lines, including ragged/uneven/wavy tape
lines and thin paint/overspray in the cut-off area.
Delta Ep GM is a variant of the DIN 6175-2 equation which calculates S-factors based on Master Certified
Standard color position, not the midpoint value between comparison panels.
Delta Et.c GM: Overall color difference versus the Master Certified Standard for batch panels.
Delta Et.p GM: Overall color difference versus the Master Certified Standard for production panels or parts.
Delta St,c GM: Overall effect difference versus the MCS for batch panels.
Delta St,p GM: Overall effect difference versus the MCS for production panels or parts. The effect difference
parameter includes both the measured sparkle (bright light) and graininess (diffuse light) factors of metallic and
effect paints.
Dirt (in paint): Foreign substance, including isolated sealer or adhesive, in or under the paint surface that may
be the same or contrasting color as the paint.
Distinctness of Image: A measure of the contrast, sharpness, and clarity of a reflected image from the painted
surface. Distinction of Image (DOI) is characterized by the shorter wavelengths du, W a, and W b of the structure
spectrum, as measured with the BYK Wavescan class of meters or similar equipment.
Dry Spray: Sprayed paint, which due to excessive solvent loss, becomes too dry to flow. Dry spray has a lower
gloss than the normal surface and is dry to the touch.
Dullness: Quantity of below visible spectrum wavelength of a painted surface as measured by the BYK
Wavescan class of meters, or similar equipment. Dullness (du), represents a wavelength of < 0.1 mm. If the
Dullness is too high, the BYK Wavescan meters will not provide an orange peel R-value or a structure balance
B-Value because the surface does not have an adequate gloss level to reflect light.
Gloss: Shininess or brilliance of a painted surface measured by quantifying the intensity of reflected light.
Initial Design Release: Date for new vehicle program content
Intensity Emission Index (IntEmission): Parameter that quantifies the level of fluorescence during the
measurement of color.
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Mottle: An undesirable paint defect of lightness variation. Usually shows as a spotted or blotchy patch. Typical
causes are metallic flake disorientation or basecoat film thickness variation.
Off Color: Clearly noticeable color variation between adjacent parts. Defect must be verified by QEM, or
designate, and can be objectively quantified with color measurement equipment.
Orange Peel: Rough or wavy appearance of a painted surface. Orange peel is characterized by the R-Value,
which is a logarithmic function of shortwave and longwave measurements that include W b, W c, and W d
wavelength values, as measured by the BYK Wavescan class of meters, or similar equipment.
Overspray: Paint applied to an area where it was not intended or where another surface was targeted.
Paint Drips (at body panel edges): Paint defect which occurs when paint is applied too heavily (or is low in
viscosity) and drips along or off of a panel edge.
Paint Drops: Small drops or "spits" of paint on the finish coat of a body panel.
Peeling: The adhesive failure of a paint film from its substrate or between layers of the paint system.
Picture Framing: "Fatty edges" or paint buildup on a body panel edge or feature line.
Pits, Porosity, or Paint Popping: Small holes in a paint film, which can be due to substrate outgassing or paint
solvent entrapment.
Poor Paint Repairs, Sanding Marks, or Sand Scratches: Marks, lines, or telegraphing in the surface caused
by poor sanding technique or improper sanding materials.
Rinse Blisters or Water Spots: Large spots which are visible through the topcoat caused by fluid drops or
improper drying.
R-Value: A measure of orange peel. Using orange peel visual plaques, the R-Value ranges from one (1) (worst =
rough surface, lots of orange peel) to ten (10) (best = smooth surface, very little orange peel). The orange peel
R-Value is calculated from a logarithmic algorithm based on the orange peel visual plaques that considers
shortwave and longwave measurements that include W b, W c, and W d wavelength values, as measured with the
BYK Wavescan class of meters, or similar equipment.
Sag or Runs: Paint which, when applied too heavily or at too low of a viscosity, does not evenly flow over the
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substrate.
Scratches: Scratch marks or fine lines on the surface of a paint film.
Structure Balance: The relationship between longwave structures and shortwave structures in a paint finish.
Structure balance is characterized by the B-Value. A B-Value of zero (0) represents a neutral structure balance,
B<zero (0) represents a wavy, wet surface finish and B>zero (0) represents a pinchy, dry surface finish.
Structure Spectrum: The waveform created by plotting du, W a, W b, W c, W d, and W e wavelengths, as measured
by the BYK Wavescan class of meters, or similar equipment. Structure spectrum waveforms can be used to
determine the relationship between longwave and shortwave.
Swirls: Visible circular micro-scratching on the clearcoat surface caused excessive or improper buffing
techniques.
Thin Paint: A paint film of inadequate thickness that may result in off color, poor orange peel, or inadequate
corrosion protection.
Wa, Wb, Wc, Wd, We: Quantity of each size range of reflected wavelength from paint surface as measured by
BYK Wavescan class of meters, or similar equipment. Wa through We, along with Dullness (du), constitute the
structure spectrum of a given painted surface. Wa represents wavelengths of 0.1 mm to 0.3mm, Wb represents
wavelengths of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, Wc represents wavelengths of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, Wd represents
wavelengths of 3.0 mm to 10.0 mm, and We represents wavelengths of 10 mm to 30 mm.
Wet Damage or Mar: Subsequently baked disturbances in a wet paint film.
Wrinkling: Defect where the paint film "skins over" and then absorbs liquid, resulting in surface swelling and the
formation of a wrinkled texture.
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
# Number
AAR Appearance Approval Report
APOP Approved Paint on Plastic
B Back

BC/CC Base Coat/Clear Coat

BIS Best-In-Segment
BOM Bill of Material
BOP Bill of Process
C Center
da Delta Red/Green
da' Weighted Delta Red/Green (at a given angle)
db Delta Yellow/Blue
db' Weighted Delta Yellow/Blue (at a given angle)
Dimensional Control Systems
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DCS
dC' Weighted Chroma (at a given angle)
dEc' Delta Batch Color Difference (at a given angle)
dEp' Delta Production Color Difference (at a given angle)
dGw Delta Graininess
dh' Weighted Delta Hue (at a given angle)
Dkld Decklid
dL Delta Lightness/Darkness
dL' Weighted Delta Lightness/Darkness (at a given angle)
DOI Distinctness of Image
Dr Door
DRE Design Release Engineer
dS Delta Sparkle
dSa Delta Sparkle Area
dSi Delta Sparkle Intensity
du Dullness
F Front
Fasc Fascia
Fdr Fender
Ft Front
GCA Global Customer Audit
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
GME GM Europe
GMIO GM International Operations
GMNA GM North America
GMSA GM South America
GVDP Global Vehicle Development Process
ID Identification
IDR Initial Design Release
IMDS International Material Data System
IntEmission Intensity Emission Index
L Left
LB Left Back
LED Light Emitting Diode
LF Left Front
Lt Left

Lwr Lower
Max Maximum
MCS Master Certified Standard
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
MY Model Year
OSRVM Out Side Rear View Mirror
PFMEA Process Failure Mode Effects and Analysis
PPAP Production Part Approval Process
PPV Pre-Production Validation
PRR Problem Report and Resolution
QEM Quality Engineering Manager
Qtr Quarter
R Right
R and R Repeatability and Reproducibility
RB Right Back
RF Right Front
Rr Rear
SDS Safety Data Sheet
SOR Statement of Requirements
SORP Start of Regular Production
SQE Supplier Quality Engineer
SQMS Supplier Quality Management Systems
Std Standard
SUV Sport Utility Vehicle
Upr Upper
VTS Vehicle Technical Specification
Wtrfl Waterfall
8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Material per GMW15777
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9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in December 2007. It was first approved by the Global Finishes and Coatings Team
in January 2009. It was first published in February 2009.
Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)
4 AUG 2016 • Complete rewrite/reorganization of August 2011 version of specification.
• Instrumental color data requirements added to color harmony process in 3.2.4.
• Instrumental color data measurement and color data management information consolidated into
3.3.2.
• Structure balance B-Value enhanced metric for surface appearance added in 3.4.1.1.
• Vehicle segments for body panels, which correspond to low, medium, and high scaled topcoat
classes added in 3.4.1.2: Premium, Non-Premium, Emerging Market, Commercial One (1) and
Commercial Two (2).
• Best in segment target in 3.4.1.3 changed from 85th percentile to 75th percentile.
• Color tolerances tightened in 3.4.2.4. Composite color difference parameter (dSEt,p GM)
removed. Color match to MCS and color harmony defined by two (2) mutually exclusive
parameters: Total Color Difference (dEt,p GM) and Total Effect Difference (dSt,p GM).
• Color process control and data sharing requirements added for supplied parts in 3.4.2.5.
• Color process control expanded for paint suppliers and paint shops in 3.4.2.6 and 3.4.2.7.
• Mottle of metallic finishes removed as a paint quality appearance metric, since no specification
for this metric exists.
• Distinctness of Image removed as a paint quality appearance metric to align with GCA paint
quality metrics being tracked.
• Appendix A, Table A1: GCA 2010 zoning replaced with GCA 2016 zoning.
• Appendix A, Figure A1: GCA 2010 zoning replaced with GCA 2016 zoning.
• Appendix A, Table A2: Zoning guidelines for Add-On Parts added.
• Appendix A, Figure A2: Zoning guidelines for Add-On Parts added.
• Appendix A, Table A2 from June 2011 version renamed Appendix A, Table A3: Paint Body
Appearance Specifications.
• Appendix A, Table A3 (Appendix A, Table A3 from June 2011 version of GMW15777)
modifications: Number/Row 13. DOI removed, Number/Row 16. Mottle removed,
Number/Row 17 Off Color moved to Appendix A, Table A7, Orange Peel (R-Value) moved to
Appendix A, Table A4, Orange Peel Uniformity moved to Appendix A, Table A4.
• Appendix A, Table A4: Orange Peel R-Value and Uniformity for Painted Body, Fascia, and Add-
On Parts added.
• Orange peel R-Values for the premium vehicle segment in Appendix A, Table A4 modified to
better align with competitive premium models measured during the global competitive
benchmarking field survey.
• Orange peel R-Value uniformity tolerances in Appendix A, Table A4, aligned with orange peel R-
Values.
• Appendix A, Table A5: Structure Balance B-Value Tolerances for Painted Body Panels added.
Appendix A, Table A5 includes specification levels for Premium and Non-Premium vehicle
segments only.
• Appendix A, Table A6: R-Value versus B-Value Specification Ranges for Painted Body Panels
added.
• Appendix A, Table A7: Color Tolerances for Painted Body, Fascia, and Add-On Parts added.
• Appendix A, Figure A3: Color metrics according to DIN 6175-2 graphic added.
• Appendix B, Figure B6: Scorecard detail table (Body and Fascia Match to MCS and Body to
Fascia Harmony) added.
• Appendix B, Figure B7: Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect (Body and Fascia Match to MCS
and Body to Fascia Harmony) added.
• Appendix B, Figure B8: Scorecard detail table (Fascia Match to MCS) added.
• Appendix B, Figure B9: Scatter x/y Charts for Color and effect (Fascia Match to MCS) added.
• Appendix C removed: Data collection practices removed; content integrated into body of
specification.
• Appendix D removed: Color measurement theory and calculations removed; content integrated
into body of specification. (Vehicle Systems - Paint Materials and Facility)
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Appendix A
Table A1: Global Customer Audit Appearance Zones for Vehicles and Add-On Parts from GCA 2016
Note: These zones are applicable to painted metal and plastic surfaces. In the interior, only body-colored parts
are to be evaluated.
Zone "A" Zone "B"
Exterior: Exterior:
• 50 cm to 200 cm from ground height • Ground Level to 50 cm in height and > 200 cm off ground
• Alloy or polished wheels (including level
nuts/bolts) • Roofs ≥ 170 cm from ground height
• Painted brake calipers • Other wheels/trim (including wheel nuts/bolts) not
Roofs < 170 cm from ground height covered in Zone A
• Including body panel radii • Areas on front/rear closures that are only visible with
Interior: body panel open
• Forward of rear seatback (visible from Interior:
interior with body panels closed)
• Door inner body panels excluding hinge area and other
areas covered by the Zone D. Includes rear door return
flange
• Door openings excluding hinge areas and other areas
covered by the Zone D.
• Rearward of rear seatback (visible from interior with body
panels closed)
Entire surfaces of rear closures (including hinge areas):
• Cargo door inner body panel and opening
• Decklid inner body panel and opening
• Liftgate inner body panel, opening
• Swing gate inner, opening
• Non pick up tailgate inner, opening
Zone "C" Zone "D"
• Pick Up Box inner (including enclosed) • Cargo van (cargo compartment) - B-pillar Note 1 and
behind (areas not covered)
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• Pick Up Tailgate inner body panel,

opening • Engine compartment (only includes the fender rails, top
• Back body panel on incomplete trucks surfaces of shock towers and front end tie bar)
(frame exposed) • Hood inner
• Trunk compartment (excluding areas • Hooks, tie-downs and trailer hitches
covered by carpet, trim, etc.,) • Spare tire area
• Sun roof water channel
• Fuel door inner and opening • Wheel arch
• Out Side Rear View Mirror (OSRVM)
housing underside
Interior:
• Other visible areas which are not
defined as any other zone • Door inner Lower area below door pad and hinge area
• Door opening hinge area
• Areas only visible when the seat is not in the
middle position
Note: All zone dimensions are approximate and are only verified if necessary.
Note 1: B-Pillar hinge area: surface parallel to the door and including the hinge, and areas between hinges.

Figure A1: Appearance Zones; Exterior and Openings/Inners from GCA 2016
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Table A2: Appearance Zones Guidelines for Add-On Parts

Zone "A" Zone "B"
Exterior: Exterior:
• 50 cm to 200 cm from ground height • Ground Level to 50 cm in height
> 200 cm off ground level
• Areas on front/rear closures that are only
visible with body panel open
Zone "C" Zone "D"
Exterior: Exterior:
• Surfaces that require paint coverage but may not • Areas and/or openings covered by assembly
be visible due to part geometry/orientation • Grille opening tabs
• Small surface areas and/or openings to transition Emblem pocket, back wall surface
between Zone A to Zone D or between Zone B to • Areas covered by head lamp/ tail lamp
Zone D assembly
• Special surfaces approved and zoned by DRE • Wheel arch (area past wing tip/flange)
that may not meet height/depth ratios • Side marker pocket, back surface
• Grille opening inner Fascia tabs under body panels
Emblem housing inner • Fascia upper to lower attachment areas
• Reflex pocket inner • Mirror housing opening inner
• Wheel arch (area past wing tip/flange) • Tow hook cover inner
• Side marker inner
• Fascia flange
Note: These zoning guidelines for Add-On Parts are supplemental to the GCA Zoning for Vehicles and Add-On Parts shown in Appendix A,
Table A1.
Note: The information provided represents Add-On Part zoning guidelines. Individual parts may have surfaces that fall outside of these
guidelines. The DRE, as referenced in 3.1, must supply and verify actual part zoning.
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Figure A2: Appearance Zones; Guidelines for Add-On Parts

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Table A3: Painted Body and Parts Appearance Specifications (Page 1 of 4)

Maximum Acceptable Size and/or Count Per Zone
Appearance Separated by 100 mm
# Description Measurement Condition
Attribute
Zone A Zone B Zone C Zone D
Voids in the paint Visual evaluation

1 Bare Substrate film exposing bare and comparison to None None None None
substrate boundary
Component of lower
Visual evaluation
coating film that
2 Bleeding and comparison to None None None Acceptable
diffuses into topcoat
boundary samples
and discolors
Visual evaluation
Whitish or milky
3 Blushing and comparison to None None None Acceptable
areas on coating
boundary samples
Small bubbles in the

Visual evaluation
Boiling, Pinholes, coating which may 1 ≤ 1 mm Up to 3
4 and comparison to None None
Popping have small holes at per 100 mm ≤ 2 mm
boundary samples
top
Visual evaluation
Coating surface Up to 3
5 Bullseyes and comparison to None None None
depressions ≤ 2 mm
boundary samples
No Color Change None None 1 ≤ 2 mm 1 ≤ 2 mm

Removal of coating Visual evaluation
6 Chips or substrate in small and comparison to
irregular pieces boundary samples
Color Change None None None 1 ≤ 1 mm
Visual evaluation
Metallic
7 Corrosion Rust, Oxidation and comparison to None None None None
Substrates Only
boundary samples
Cracks, Splits, or
8 Cracked Part Punctures in Visual evaluation None None None None
substrate
Cracking or Hairline breaks in

9 Visual evaluation None None None None
Crazing of Coating paint film
Primer or
Max 1 Max 3 Max 3
substrate not None
Small round ≤ 2 mm ≤ 2 mm ≤ 3 mm
Visual evaluation exposed
depressions which
10 Craters, Fisheyes and comparison to
may expose
boundary samples Primer or
underlying substrate Max 3
substrate None None None
≤ 3 mm
exposed
Key: # = Number, Max = Maximum.

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Attribute
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Depressions or Evaluation and
Dings, Bumps,
11 protrusions in comparison to None None 1 ≤ 10 mm 1 ≤ 10 mm
and Dents
substrate boundary samples
Up to 4 Up to 4 Up to 4
Up to 5
Same ≤ 1 mm size ≤ 1 mm size ≤ 1 mm size
≤ 1 mm size
Color all separated by all separated by all separated by
Foreign object or Visual evaluation and 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm
12 Dirt contaminant in comparison to
coating film boundary samples Up to 2 Up to 2
Contrasting ≤ 1 mm size ≤ 3 mm size
None None
Color separated by 100 separated by 100
mm mm
Visual evaluation and

Match to Master
Mirror-like reflection comparison to GM-
13 DOI Match to Master for Exterior Not specified Not specified
of a painted surface approved standard
Surfaces
and boundary samples
Textured or seedy Visual evaluation and

14 Dry Spray appearance of paint comparison to None None None Same Color
film with low gloss boundary samples
Minimum Minimum Minimum

BC/CC
80 80 80
Gloss Meter
Minimum 70 Minimum 70 Minimum 70
Gloss Shininess of painted (20 ° meter setting to
15 Low Gloss or per SOR / Math or per SOR / Math or per SOR / Math Not specified
surface be used unless
File File File
gloss < 60 units)
Minimum 60 Minimum 60 Minimum 60
Primed Parts or per SOR / Math or per SOR / Math or per SOR / Math
File File File
Blotchy,
non-uniform Visual evaluation and
Comparable to Comparable to
16 Mottle appearance of comparison to Slight, uniform Slight, uniform
boundary samples boundary samples
metallic and boundary samples
tri-coat paints
Different color None None None None

Paint deposited from
17 Overspray comparison to
a different target area
boundary samples
Any color with gritty
None None None None
feel and lack of gloss
Heavy paint Visual evaluation and

Paint Drips at < 2 mm < 2 mm
18 application resulting comparison to None None
Panel Edges vertical length vertical length
in panel edge drip boundary samples
1 up to
Small drops of Visual evaluation and
2 mm size
19 Paint Drops coating deposited on comparison to None None Not Specified
no color
the finished surface boundary samples
change
Key: # = Number, BC/CC = Base Coat/Clear Coat.


Attribute
Adhesion loss Visual evaluation and

20 Peeling between coating films comparison to None None None None
or substrate boundary samples
Coating buildup on Visual evaluation and

Picture
21 panel edge, comparison to None None Not specified Not Specified
Framing
"Fatty" Edge boundary samples
Same Max 2
None None Not Specified
Color ≤ 2 mm size
Pits, Porosity, or Small holes in the
22 comparison to
Paint Popping coating film
boundary samples
Contrasting Max 2
None None Not Specified
Color ≤ 2 mm size
Area of coating
surface where film is Visual evaluation and
23 Rub Through worn through comparison to None None None None
exposing underlying boundary samples
surface
1 point sag
Sag None None None
Localized flow of ≤ 3 mm X 20 mm
coating which Visual evaluation and
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24 Sags and Runs produces extreme comparison to
film thickness boundary samples
variation 1 run 1 run
Run None None
≤ 3 mm X 10 mm ≤ 3 mm X 20 mm
Scratches None None Not Specified Not Specified

Hairline scrapes in
cured coating film
25 Sand Scratches comparison to
caused by improper
boundary samples
sanding technique
Off Color Spot None None None None
Seen or felt with

None None Not specified Not specified
fingernail
Scratches on coated Visual evaluation and Seen or felt with

Scratches after
26 surface caused by comparison to fingernail, lower None None None None
Paint
improper handling boundary samples coating film exposed
Seen or felt with

Not
fingernail, substrate None None None
Specified
exposed
Key: # = Number, Max = Maximum.


Separated by 100 mm
Appearance
Attribute
Total Color
Wet paint film Visual evaluation and
Difference Not Not
27 Shrinking receding from comparison to
dEt p GM
dEt pGM ≤ 1.0 None
Specified Specified
painted surface boundary samples
All Paints
Streaking or Wipe Series of blisters that

28 Visual evaluation None None None None
Marks appear as a streak
Fine circular marks

29 Swirl Marks caused by improper None None None None
polishing technique
Coating film is visibly None

thinner than (Some relief may be
30 Thin Coating None None None
specified and off- given on certain part
color styles or locations)
Irregular rings visible

Water Spots or Not Not
31 through coating due
Rinse Blisters Specified Specified
to improper rinse
Damage to coating Visual evaluation and

Damage to color or
32 Wet Mark caused by contact comparison to None None 1 ≤ 5 mm long Not Specified
clear coat
with wet coating film boundary samples
Shrinkage of coating
that results in
33 Wrinkling comparison to None None None Not Specified
uneven, wrinkled
boundary samples
appearance
Key: # = Number.
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Table A4: Orange Peel R-Value and Uniformity for Painted Body, Fascia, and Add-On Parts
(Page 1 of 2)
Body Panel, Panel or Part Average Orange Peel R-Value

Tolerance Band Segment /
# Fascia, or Add- Brands / Region(s)
Description Orientation Zone B
On Part Zone A Zone C Zone D
Exterior Only
R ≥ 8.5 R ≥ 8.0
PREMIUM GCA Not
8.0 < R < 8.5 7.5 < R < 8.0 Minimum Specified
Horizontal
GMNA, GME R ≤ 8.0 R ≤ 7.5
GMSA, GMIO R ≥ 7.5 R ≥ 7.0
PREMIUM GCA Not
Vertical
R ≤ 7.0 R ≤ 6.5
R ≥ 8.5 R ≥ 8.0
NON-PREMIUM GCA Not
Horizontal
BODY GMNA, GME R ≤ 8.0 R ≤ 7.5
PANELS GMSA, GMIO R ≥ 7.0 R ≥ 6.5
NON-PREMIUM GCA Not
BYK Wavescan Vertical
R ≤ 6.5 R ≤ 6.0
Orange Peel GREEN
Best in Segment
R-Value EMERGING R ≥ 7.5 R ≥ 7.0
> 75 th Percentile GCA Not
(See 3.4.1) MARKET 7.0 < R < 7.5 6.5 < R < 7.0 Minimum Specified
YELLOW
GMNA, GME
Horizontal R ≤ 7.0 R ≤ 6.5
1 Panel Average Competitive
th th GMSA, GMIO R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
50 to 75 Percentile EMERGING
GCA Not
MARKET 6.0 < R < 6.5 5.5 < R < 6.0 Minimum Specified
RED
(For Orange Peel Non-Competitive
Vertical R ≤ 6.0 R ≤ 5.5
Plaques used when
< 50 th Percentile
size and/or
COMMERCIAL R ≥ 7.5 R ≥ 7.0
geometry prevent GCA Not
measurement as 1 7.0 < R < 7.5 6.5 < R < 7.0 Minimum Specified
per 3.4.1.2.2, add GMNA, GME
0.5 to the GMSA
R-Values listed) COMMERCIAL R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
GCA Not
1 6.0 < R < 6.5 5.5 < R < 6.0 Minimum Specified

GCA Not
2 5.5 < R < 6.0 5.0 < R < 5.5
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Minimum Specified
GMIO
GCA Not
2 4.5 < R < 5.0 4.0 < R < 4.5 Minimum Specified
BYK-Gardner
Wavescan Dual or > 6.5 Horizontal > 6.0 Horizontal Not
> 50 Gloss with 20
PRIMED BYK-Gardner > 5.5 Vertical > 5.0 Vertical
> 4.5 Horizontal
Specified
Degree Meter
BODY Wavescan Micro
2
PANELS OR
PARTS Visual Orange < 50 Gloss with 20 > 7.0 Horizontal > 5.5 Horizontal Not
(See 3.4.1.6) > 5.0 Horizontal
Peel Plaques Degree Meter > 6.0 Vertical > 4.5 Vertical Specified
Key: # = Number, GME = GM Europe, GMIO = GM International Operations, GMNA = GM North America, GMSA = GM South America.

Table A4: Orange Peel R-Value and Uniformity for Painted Body, Fascia, and Add-On Parts
(Page 2 of 2)
Body Panel, Panel or Part Average Orange Peel R-Value

# Fascia, or Add- Brands / Region(s)
On Part Zone A Zone C Zone D
Exterior Only
R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
PREMIUM
FASCIA Horizontal Surface 5.8 < R < 6.5 5.3 < R < 6.0
BYK Wavescan In Body Position
GMNA, GME R ≤ 5.8 R ≤ 5.3 GCA Not
Orange Peel GREEN GMSA, GMIO Minimum Specified
R-Value Best in Segment R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
PREMIUM
(See 3.4.1) > 75 th Percentile Vertical Surface 5.8 < R < 6.5 5.3 < R < 6.0
In Body Position
YELLOW R ≤ 5.8 R ≤ 5.3
3 (For Orange Peel Competitive
Visual Plaques
used when size
th th
50 to 75 Percentile R ≥ 6.0 R ≥ 5.5
NON-PREMIUM
and/or geometry Horizontal Surface 5.5 < R < 6.0 5.0 < R < 5.5
RED
prevent In Body Position
Non-Competitive
measurement as GMNA, GME R ≤ 5.5 R ≤ 5.0 GCA Not
< 50 th Percentile
per 3.4.1.2.2, add GMSA, GMIO Minimum Specified
0.5 to the R ≥ 6.0 R ≥ 5.5
NON-PREMIUM
R-Values listed)
Vertical Surface 5.5 < R < 6.0 5.0 < R < 5.5
In Body Position
R ≤ 5.5 R ≤ 5.0
R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
PREMIUM
ADD-ON Horizontal Surface 5.8 < R < 6.5 5.3 < R < 6.0
In Body Position
PARTS GMNA, GME R ≤ 5.8 R ≤ 5.3 GCA Not
BYK Wavescan GREEN GMSA, GMIO Minimum Specified
Orange Peel Best in Segment R ≥ 6.5 R ≥ 6.0
PREMIUM
R-Value > 75 th Percentile Vertical Surface 5.8 < R < 6.5 5.3 < R < 6.0
(See 3.4.1) In Body Position
YELLOW R ≤ 5.8 R ≤ 5.3
4 Competitive
(For Orange Peel
Visual Plaques
50 th to75 th Percentile R ≥ 6.0 R ≥ 5.5
NON-PREMIUM
used when size
RED Horizontal Surface 5.5 < R < 6.0 5.0 < R < 5.5
and/or geometry
Non-Competitive In Body Position
prevent
GMNA, GME R ≤ 5.5 R ≤ 5.0 GCA Not
measurement as < 50 th Percentile
GMSA, GMIO Minimum Specified
per 3.4.1.2.2, add R ≥ 6.0 R ≥ 5.5
0.5 to the NON-PREMIUM
R-Values listed) Vertical Surface 5.5 < R < 6.0 5.0 < R < 5.5
In Body Position
R ≤ 5.5 R ≤ 5.0
Within a Horizontal R ≤ 1.0 R ≤ 1.0 Not Not

Panel or Part Specified Specified
ORANGE PEEL R > 1.0 R > 1.0
Orange Peel R-Value
UNIFORMITY Difference Across Adjacent R ≤ 1.0 R ≤ 1.0 Not Not
GREEN Horizontal Panels or
(See 3.4.1.7) Within Tolerance Parts R > 1.0 R > 1.0
Specified Specified
WITHIN A BODY
5
PANEL OR PART or
RED Within a Vertical R ≤ 1.5 R ≤ 1.5 Not Not
(R-Value
Out of Tolerance Panel or Part Specified Specified
Difference) BETWEEN ADJACENT R > 1.5 R > 1.5
BODY PANELS OR PARTS
Across Adjacent R ≤ 1.5 R ≤ 1.5 Not Not
Vertical Panels
Specified Specified
or Parts R > 1.5 R > 1.5
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Table A5: Structure Balance B-Value Tolerances for Painted Body Panels
Panel Average Structure Balance B-Value

Body Panel or Tolerance Band Segment /
# Brands / Region(s)
Add-On Part Description Orientation Zone B
Zone A Zone C Zone D
Exterior Only
-3 ≤ B ≤ 1
PREMIUM Not Not
-5 ≤ B < -3 or 1 < B ≤ 3 Specified Specified
Horizontal
GMNA, GME B < -5 or B > 3
GMSA, GMIO -4 ≤ B ≤ 0
PREMIUM Not Not
Vertical
B < -6 or B > 2
-3 ≤ B ≤ 1
NON-PREMIUM Not Not
Horizontal
GMNA, GME B < -5 or B > 3
GMSA, GMIO -4 ≤ B ≤ 0
NON-PREMIUM Not Not
Vertical
B < -6 or B > 2
BODY GREEN
Best in Segment
PANELS > 75 th Percentile EMERGING
Not Yet Not Yet Not Not
MARKET Specified Specified Specified Specified
Structure YELLOW Horizontal
GMNA, GME
6 Balance Competitive
GMSA, GMIO
th th
50 to 75 Percentile EMERGING
B-Value Not Yet Not Yet Not Not
MARKET Specified Specified Specified Specified
(See 3.4.1) RED
Vertical
Non-Competitive
Panel Average th
< 50 Percentile
COMMERCIAL
1 Specified Specified Specified Specified
GMNA, GME Horizontal
GMSA
COMMERCIAL
Vertical
COMMERCIAL
Horizontal
GMIO
COMMERCIAL
Vertical
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Table A6: R-Value versus B-Value Specification Ranges for Painted Body Panels
PREMIUM EXTERIOR BODY PANELS – ZONES A and B
NON-PREMIUM EXTERIOR BODY PANELS – ZONES A and B

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Table A7: Color Tolerances for Painted Body, Fascia, and Add-On Parts
Body Panel, Color Tolerances

# Fascia, or Brands / Region(s)
Add-On Part Zone A Zone C Zone D
Exterior Only
Within visual
Within visual
limits as
Comparison to Within visual
Within visuallimits
limits as Within visual
Within visuallimits
limitsas limits as
determined
Review by Qualified Not
GM Working determined by trained
as determined by a determined by trained
as determined by a determined
by a by
Visual Evaluator Specified
Color Standard Qualified Visual
color expert Qualified Visual
color expert Qualified
trained color
Evaluator Evaluator Visual
expert
Evaluator
Variation in color
within, or between,
adjacent body dEt,pGM ≤ 1.0 dEt,pGM ≤ 1.0
exterior panels or Total Color
between parts with Difference Not Not
dEt,p GM
1.0 < dEt,pGM ≤ 1.7 1.0 < dEt,pGM ≤ 1.7 Specified Specified
viewing proximity
All Paints
Off-Color dEt,pGM > 1.7 dEt,pGM > 1.7
7
(See 3.2.3) Instrumental evaluation
Total Effect
using BYKmac-i with Master dSt,pGM ≤ 1.0 dSt,pGM ≤ 1.0
Certified Standard (MCS) as Difference Not Not
Reference dSt,p GM Specified Specified
Metallics dSt,pGM > 1.0 dSt,pGM > 1.0
Green: Good
Color and Effect color space position target for
Variation between Yellow: Evaluate dEt,pGM and
Body and Fascia color data at each angle is on the Not Not
Body Panels and Red: Out of Tolerance dSt,pGM
same side of the MCS Specified Specified
Fascias Components
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(same color space quadrant)
Variation in color Within Batch Paint tolerances in

between Master dEc GM Color Data Sheet Not Not
Certified Standard (All Paint Types) (GM Supply Power) and historical Specified Specified
and Batch Paint limits established for color
Figure A3: Color Metrics According to DIN 6175-2

Appendix B
B1 Standardized Work for Film Build, Wavescan, and Color Data Collection
B1.1 Develop a data collection plan for body and/or add-on part. See the example assembly plant graphic
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(Figure B1) which depicts both the minimum required checkpoints and additional locations checked at the
assembly plant for improved capability. Coordinated, or overlapping, checkpoints allow film build (light blue
diamonds), orange peel (dark blue rectangles) and color (red diamond) data comparison. This is a recommended
practice.
Figure B1: Quality Data Checkpoint Graphic for Hood
450 mm 450 mm
600 mm
B1.2 Film build (light blue diamonds), orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-Value (dark blue rectangles)
and color (red diamond) data points shown in the Appendix B, Figure B1 graphic are data collection points for
the GM Vehicle Systems Global Paint Annual Exterior Appearance Survey. The recommended practice is to
include these points in body and add-on part measurement plans. It is an acceptable practice to monitor any
other non-survey data collection points necessary for quality monitoring. Document equipment orientation
relative to the part for data collection, where part geometry dictates any differences from recommended
orientations.
B1.3 Collect additional body and add-on part data adjacent to interfaces to verify process capability, with
particular focus on launch capability. Several examples are listed below. Know and document performance in all
critical areas. Capability should be demonstrated at Design Quality Approved Paint on Plastic (APOP) visual
evaluation points.
• Fascia to Fender Interface
• Fascia to Hood Interface
• Door to Door Handle Interface
• Door to Rocker Molding Interface
• Door to Side View Mirror Interface
• Roof to Roof Extension Body Panel Interface
• Decklid to Decklid Spoiler Interface
• Door to Body Side Molding
B1.4 Develop a proposal for streamlined data points to be monitored for on-going production process control.
Review with and obtain approval from Engineering, Supplier Quality and Assembly Plant representatives. The
goal is to optimize the number of body, fascia and add-on part data collection points to support problem-solving
capability.
B1.5 It is recommended that data be plotted in control chart format using limits specified in Appendix A, Table A3
and Appendix A, Table A4, Table A5, Table A6 and Table A7. Key attributes for charting include, but are not
limited to, film thickness by paint layer, finished body panel/part orange peel R-Value and structure balance B-
Value, and total color difference (dEt,p GM) and total effect difference (dSt,p GM) from the MCS digital color
standard.

Figure B2: Standardized Vehicle Appearance Measurement Locations; Sedan
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key: B = Back, C = Center, Dkld = Decklid, Dr = Door, F = Front, Fasc = Fascia, Fdr = Fender, L = Left, LB = Left Back, LF = Left Front,
Lwr = Lower, Qtr = Quarter, R = Right, RB = Right Back, RF = Right Front, Upr = Upper, Wtrfl = Waterfall.

Figure B3: Standardized Vehicle Appearance Measurement Locations; Coupe
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure B4: Standardized Vehicle Appearance Measurement Locations; Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)/Van
Key: B = Back, C = Center, Dkld = Decklid, Dr = Door, F = Front, Fasc = Fascia, Fdr = Fender= Left Back, L = Left, LB LF = Left Front,
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure B5: Standardized Vehicle Appearance Measurement Locations; Truck
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure B6: Example: of Scorecard Detail Table - BYK Smart-Chart Example: Body and Fascia Match to
MCS and Body to Fascia Harmony
Key: Fasc = Fascia, Fndr = Fender, Ft = Front, Lt = Left, Qtr = Quarter, Rr = Rear.
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure B7: Example of Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect Example - BYK Smart-Chart:
Left Fender, Left Quarter, Left Front Fascia, Left Rear Fascia
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key: da = Delta Red/Green, db = Delta Yellow/Blue, dGw = Delta Graininess, dL = Delta Lightness, dS = Delta Sparkle, dSa = Delta Sparkle
Area, dSi = Delta Sparkle Intensity.

Figure B8: Example of Scorecard Detail Table - BYK Smart-Chart Example:

Left Front Fascia and Left Rear Fascia Match to MCS
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ATS
P_Sw Silver 17_GAN
dEt dE 15 dE 25 dE 45 dE 75 dE 110
Match to Std mean 0.82 0.83 0.58 0.47 0.83 1.17
LtFt Fasc 0.71 0.86 0.35 0.44 0.71 1.00
LtRr Fasc 0.92 0.80 0.82 0.50 0.94 1.34
ATS
P_Sw Silver 17_GAN
dL 15 dL 25 dL 45 dL 75 dL 110 da 15 da 25 da 45 da 75 da 110 db 15 db 25 db 45 db 75 db 110
Match to Std mean 0.07 -0.42 -0.36 0.44 0.72 0.39 0.27 0.15 0.09 0.08 0.71 0.13 0.26 0.67 0.87
LtFt Fasc 0.24 -0.09 -0.33 0.24 0.40 0.39 0.33 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.73 0.03 0.21 0.65 0.90
LtRr Fasc -0.11 -0.76 -0.39 0.65 1.03 0.40 0.21 0.10 0.00 -0.03 0.69 0.23 0.31 0.69 0.85
ATS
P_Sw Silver 17_GAN
dSt dS 15 dS 45 dS 75 dSi 15 dSi 45 dSi 75 dSa 15 dSa 45 dSa 75 dG
Match to Std mean 0.94 1.49 0.99 0.35 2.61 3.17 1.37 5.14 -0.03 -1.06 0.39
LtFt Fasc 1.18 1.83 1.19 0.63 3.22 3.81 2.55 6.32 -0.07 -1.51 0.60
LtRr Fasc 0.70 1.15 0.80 0.07 2.00 2.54 0.20 3.96 0.02 -0.60 0.18
Key: Fasc = Fascia, Ft = Front, Lt = Left, Rr = Rear, dG = Delta Graininess, dS = Delta Sparkle, dSa = Delta Sparkle Area, dSi = Delta
Sparkle Intensity, Std = Standard.

Figure B9: Example of Scatter x/y Charts for Color and Effect Example - BYK Smart-Chart:
Left Front Fascia and Left Rear Fascia Match to MCS
--`,,```,`,`,`,,,,`,`,,,,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key: da = Delta Red/Green, db = Delta Yellow/Blue, dGw = Delta Graininess, dL = Delta Lightness, dS = Delta Sparkle, dSa = Delta Sparkle
Area, dSi = Delta Sparkle Intensity.


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Template For ENG STDS

Vehicle Exterior and Add-On Parts Paint Appearance Requirements

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• BYKmac-i meters Technical Specifications

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5 Rules and Regulations

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BC/CC Base Coat/Clear Coat

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9 Release and Revisions

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• Pick Up Tailgate inner body panel,

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Table A2: Appearance Zones Guidelines for Add-On Parts