VDA Recommendation February 2007

Geometrical Product Specifications

Engineering Drawings VDA
Specification of Surface Texture 2005

Descriptors: surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, engineering drawing

drawing specification, drawing note
The English translation is believed to be accurate.In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.

Contents
Page

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references..........................................................................................................................4
3 Terms ..................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Basic symbol .......................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Expanded symbol................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................5
3.4 Surface (texture) parameter ................................................................................................................5
Numerical notation according to ISO practice (see VW 01000).

3.5 (Surface) parameter symbol................................................................................................................5

4 Specification of surface texture ...........................................................................................................6
4.1 Profile parameters ...............................................................................................................................6
4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)...............................................6
4.2 Evaluation length ln .............................................................................................................................7
4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters .............................................................7
5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture ......................................................................7
5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish .................................................................................7
5.2 Symbol for material removal ...............................................................................................................8
5.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohibited ............................................................................................8
5.4 Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................8
6 Specification of requirements..............................................................................................................9
6.1 Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol...............................................9
6.1.1 Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)....................................................10
6.1.2 Number of sampling lengths .............................................................................................................10
7 Illustration ..........................................................................................................................................11
7.1 Design and size of symbols ..............................................................................................................11
7.2 Arrangement of symbols on surfaces ...............................................................................................12
7.3 Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame..................................................13
7.4 Requirements on depth of waviness Wt ...........................................................................................14
7.5 Surface requirements on dominant waviness ...................................................................................15
8 Preferred values ................................................................................................................................15

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VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) Westendstraße 61, 60325 Frankfurt

Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstraße 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen

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9 Examples of entry ............................................................................................................................. 16
9.1 Tooth flanks ...................................................................................................................................... 16
9.2 Repeated form elements .................................................................................................................. 16
9.3 Symmetrical parts ............................................................................................................................. 17
9.4 Different requirements on one surface ............................................................................................. 17
9.5 Contact surfaces ............................................................................................................................... 17
9.6 Radii, chamfers ................................................................................................................................. 18
9.7 Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements .............................................................. 19
9.8 Multiple requirements ....................................................................................................................... 19
9.9 Production process, surface character ............................................................................................. 20
9.10 Evaluation length .............................................................................................................................. 20
9.10.1 Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness ................................................. 21
9.11 Specification of the surface grooves................................................................................................. 21
9.12 Specification of the machining allowance......................................................................................... 23
9.13 Simplified specification ..................................................................................................................... 23
9.14 Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces ................................ 24
10 Surface parameter for special functions ........................................................................................... 24
10.1 Specification of transmission characteristic...................................................................................... 24
10.2 Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for special cases ...... 24

Appendix
Appendix A Summary tables (informative)...................................................................................................... 27
Appendix B Examples (informative) ................................................................................................................ 29
Referenced standards...................................................................................................................................... 32
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Preface
Essential points relating to the indication of surface texture were changed in the standard
DIN EN ISO 1302:2002 with respect to the preceding issue DIN ISO 1302:1993.
The new issue contains surface parameters, some of which are not common in the automotive
industry, while other, previously common parameters are no longer standardized. In addition, new
rules, which were previously not the norm, were introduced to describe exactly the nature of the
surface along with new filters. This Recommendation was developed in order to maintain the
continuity of the previous specifications and to keep the possible number of specifications for the
general case under control.
The following metrological basis applies:
The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.
The standard evaluation length for the R profile comprises 5 sampling lengths.
The original meaning for the maximum roughness depth, Rmax, and the designation are retained
and defined in VDA 2006.
The use of the short wave filter λs is not permitted unless specifically requested in the technical
product documentation.
The long wave filter λc is used.
The 16% rule is not applied. The actual values must not exceed or fall below the specified
roughness values, as appropriate.
The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of surfaces
from two vertical random components using the material probability curve according to
DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there is no experience with them.
Comparison of DIN EN ISO 1302/VDA 2005
DIN EN ISO 1302 VDA 2005
Motif parameters Not permissible
Rzmax 2,5 Rz 2,5
No longer standardized Rmax
Rz1max 2,5 Not permissible
Rz3max 2,5 0,8x3 / Rz 2,5
Rtmax 2,5 Not permissible
16% rule Not permissible
0,08-2,5 / Rz 6,3 Not permissible

Changes
The following changes have been made as compared to the 2002-07 issue:
• The robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 has been integrated into this
standard, the Sections 2, 4.1.1, 4.2, 10.2 as well as the examples B.9, B.10 and B.11 have
been adapted accordingly.
• In VDA 2007 only one dominant form of waviness is defined, the Sections 7.5, 9.10.1 and
the examples B.11 and B.12 have been adapted accordingly. The Figures B.13 and B.14
have been added.
• Section 7.3: In the Figures 15 and 16, the letter "f" has been replaced by an "a".
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1 Scope
This Recommendation describes the rules applicable for specifying surface texture in technical
product documentation (e.g. drawings, specifications, contracts, reports) within the automotive
industry by means of graphical symbols and textual indications. Its aim is to simplify the use of the
new edition of DIN EN ISO 1302 and it describes the normal case.
The surface specifications listed are recommendations. Particular requirements may necessitate
the use of other surface specifications.
The Figures given in this standard are examples to illustrate the relevant rule. They are complete
only insofar as they represent the described situation.
This Recommendation does not describe the specification of requirements for surface
imperfections, such as pores and scratches.
The rules and procedures for assessing surface texture are defined in VDA 2006.

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain specifications that, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this VDA Recommendation. For dated references, subsequent
amendments or revisions to this publication do not apply. Users of this VDA Recommendation are
nevertheless requested to check whether it is possible to use the latest versions of the following
normative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document
referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain directories of the valid international
standards.
DIN 6790-1:1980, Specification by Terms in Technical Drawings; Terms

DIN EN ISO 1302:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of Surface Texture
in Technical Product Documentation

DIN EN ISO 3098-2:2000, Technical Product Documentation - Lettering - Part 2: Latin Alphabet,
Numerals and Marks

DIN EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters

DIN EN ISO 4288:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture

DIN EN ISO 11562:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Metrological Characteristics of Phase Correct Filters

DIN EN ISO 12085:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Motif Parameters

DIN EN ISO 13565-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties – Part 1: Filtering and General
Measurement Conditions

DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties – Part 2: Height Characterization Using
the Linear Material Ratio Curve
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DIN EN ISO 13565-3:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: Profile
Method – Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties – Part 3: Height Characterization Using
the Material Probability Curve

VDA 2006: 2003, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture:

Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture

VDA 2007: 2006, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture:

Definitions and Parameters of the Dominant Waviness

VDA 2008: 2006, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture:

"Robust Gaussian Regression Filter" Definition and Application

3 Terms

3.1 Basic symbol

Graphical symbol indicating that surface texture requirements exist, Figure 1.
3.2 Expanded symbol
Expanded basic symbol indicating that material is to be either removed or not removed in order to
obtain a required surface texture, Figures 2 and 3.
3.3 Complete symbol
Basic or expanded symbol to facilitate the indication of additional surface texture requirements,
Figure 4.
3.4 Surface (texture) parameter
Parameter expressing micro-geometrical properties of a surface.
3.5 (Surface) parameter symbol
Symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter.
NOTE: Parameter symbols comprise letters and numerical values, e.g.: Ra 4, Rz 16, Rmax 25,
Rpk 0,6, etc.
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4 Specification of surface texture

Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.
In general, the following shall apply:
─ as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing note,
─ as fine as necessary for production (even more so if this does not cause
additional expenditure)
Surface specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the end
condition of the surface is appropriate.
The parameter designation and the associated numerical values contain five pieces of information
that are essential for the interpretation of the requirement:
─ which of the three surface profiles (R, W or P) is indicated (see Section 4.1);
─ which characteristic of the profile is indicated;
─ how many sampling lengths make up the evaluation length (if this is significant, see Sections
4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10, 9.10.1 and 10.2);
─ how the indicated specification limits must be interpreted (see Section 4.3);
─ what cut off is used for measurement (see DIN EN ISO 4288).
The indication of a surface texture requirement must therefore contain both the designation of the
parameters and the numerical value of the specified limit.

4.1 Profile parameters

Profile parameters are standardized for the three surface profiles (R, W and P profiles).
Profile parameters are defined using the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.

4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)
Table 1 lists designations of parameters that relate to the linear material ratio curve. The
parameters are only defined for the R profile. Unless otherwise specified, the definition of
parameters is based on a filter process according to DIN EN ISO 13565-1. The indication of the
filter type according to VDA 2008 takes precedence and overrules the compulsory combination of
special filter procedures and Rk parameter calculation.

Table 1 – Designation of parameters based on the material ratio curve according to

(DIN EN ISO 13565-2)
Parameter
Roughness profile parameters acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-2 Rk Rpk Rvk Mr1 Mr2
Filtering acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-1 or VDA 2008
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4.2 Evaluation length ln

The surface texture requirements apply to the evaluation length.
If no indications are given for the evaluation length in the technical product documentation, e.g. in
the drawing, then the standard evaluation length applies to the R profile. This is made up of 5
sampling lengths. The length of a sampling length corresponds to the wave length limit λc.
For small surfaces, it must be noted that the scanned length comprises the standard evaluation
length, the running-in length and the running-out length. As the running-in length and running-out
length correspond to λc/2 or λc (depending on the measuring device and on the implementation of
the filter), the scanned surface must be longer by λc or λ2c than the length to be evaluated (in
general 6 x λc or 7 x λc).
However, the robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 does not involve filter
running-in and running-out lengths. Hence, the complete scanned length can be used for
evaluation when evaluating measurement data of a plateau-like surface using the robust Gaussian
regression filter.
If the surface to be measured is smaller than this, the number of evaluation lengths must be
indicated (see also Sections 6.1.2 und 9.10). The length of the sampling length is stipulated in
DIN EN ISO 4288:1998 in Tables 1 to 3.
For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the same
length as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized e.g.
due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be indicated appropriately.

4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters

In the automotive industry, the following applies:
NOTE: The 16% rule is not applied.
If a value is specified for surface roughness, it
represents the highest permissible value for the
parameter (see also VDA 2006).
If a lower limit is specified, then this must be
achieved.

5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture

All the symbols indicated in DIN EN ISO 1302 are permitted. The symbol “for all surfaces around a
workpiece outline” shall be avoided.

5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish

The basic symbol shall consist of two straight lines of unequal lengths inclined at approximately 60°
to the line representing the surface in question, as shown in Figure 1. If the basic symbol according
to Figure 1 is used alone (without additional information), this is not deemed to be a requirement.

Figure 1 – Basic symbol for indication of surface texture

If the basic symbol is used with additional information (see Section 6), then no decision has yet
been made as to whether removal of material is necessary in obtaining the specified surface
(see Section 5.2) or whether removal of material is prohibited (see Section 5.3).
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5.2 Symbol for material removal

If removal of material, e.g. by machining, is required to obtain the prescribed surface, a cross bar,
as shown in Figure 2, shall be added to the basic symbol. The expanded basic symbol according to
Figure 2 alone (without additional information) is still not a requirement.

Figure 2 – Expanded symbol for material removal

5.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohibited

If removal of material is not permitted to obtain the specified surface, a circle shall be added to the
basic symbol, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Expanded symbol, if removal of material is prohibited

5.4 Complete symbol

When additional requirements for surface texture characteristics have to be indicated (see
Section 6), a line as shown in Figure 4 shall be added to the longer of the two lines in the graphical
symbols illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.

a b c

a) Any production process allowed

b) Material removal is required
c) Material removal is prohibited
Figure 4 – Complete symbol
For textual indications, e.g. in reports or contracts, the following abbreviations shall be used,
bearing the following meanings:
Figure 4, Symbol a APA (any process allowed)
Figure 4, Symbol b MRR (material removal required)
Figure 4, Symbol c NMR (no material removal)
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6 Specification of requirements
The following surface parameters are used in the automotive industry to describe surface texture:
For homogenous surfaces
─ (average) roughness Rz
─ (arithmetic) average roughness Ra (see note)
─ maximum roughness Rmax
─ overall height of waviness profile Wt
─ overall height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDt
─ average height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDc
─ overall height of the primary profile Pt
NOTE: The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amounts
from the individual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has been
filtered out. One disadvantage here is that individual outliers are not taken into consideration and
the level of information provided is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughness
has its legitimacy e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.

For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces

─ reduced peak height Rpk
─ core peak-to-valley roughness Rk
─ reduced score depth Rvk
For special applications, it may be necessary to specify other requirements in addition to a surface
parameter and its numerical value, such as e.g. Mr1 and Mr2, sampling length, production process,
surface position and orientation, machining allowance or other roughness parameters. See
Appendices A and B for further details.
NOTE: The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of
the surface from two vertical random components using the material probability curve according to
DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there has been no experience with them.

6.1 Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol

The positions of the different surface requirements on the symbol are shown in Figure 5.
a = Surface parameter and numerical value (numerical value in µm)
c = Production process
b = Second surface texture requirement
(surface parameter, numerical value in µm)
d = Indication of the surface grooves
e = Machining allowance (numerical value in mm)
c
a
e d b

Figure 5 – Positions (a to e) indicating additional requirements (designation areas on the

complete symbol)
If a third or further requirements are to be indicated under position b, the symbol must be enlarged
accordingly in the vertical direction to create space for more lines. Positions a and b move upwards
when the symbol is enlarged.
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6.1.1 Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)

If a value is indicated for the surface roughness and this is not marked with an L, it always
represents the highest permissible roughness value for the surface and may not be exceeded.
If there is only one surface texture requirement, then the surface parameter (e.g. Rz) and the
numerical value (e.g. 10) shall be arranged at position ”a” in the complete symbol, see Figure 6.

Figure 6

If a minimum dimension is required, the surface parameter, numerical value and the letter L (lower)
shall be arranged at the position “a” in the complete symbol, see figure 7. The minimum dimension
must be achieved.

La

Figure 7

If two surface texture requirements are required, i.e. if an upper and lower limit are to be specified,
the maximum dimension shall be arranged at position “a” and the minimum dimension at position
“b” in the complete symbol, see figure 8.
NOTE: U (for upper) and L (for lower) shall only be positioned before the surface parameter if there
is a risk of confusion.

a
b
Figure 8
A blank space shall be left between the indicated parameter and the limit value.
6.1.2 Number of sampling lengths
If it is necessary to indicate the number of sampling lengths (in the R and W profiles) or the length
of an evaluation length (in the P profile), this shall be entered at position “f“ as shown in Figure 9,
separated by an oblique stroke (see also Section 9.10). In the R profile and the W profile, the λc
filter shall always be indicated with the number of sampling lengths.

f/a λc x f / a

P Profile R Profile or W Profile

f = length of the evaluation length (P profile)
Number of sampling lengths (R or W profile)
Figure 9
NOTE: The wave length limit for the long wave filter λc is also designated as sampling length.
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7 Illustration

7.1 Design and size of symbols

The size and line width of symbols is dependent on the lettering size used in the drawing to note
dimensions, see Figures 10 and 11. It is not permitted to change the symbols, e.g. mirror-image
presentation.

depending on length of specification

Figure 10

Figure 11
The lettering in field c, Figure 11, can contain upper and/or lower case letters; the height of the field
can be larger than h, in order to accommodate a range of additional specifications.
The dimensions of the symbols and additional specifications shall comply with Table 2.

Table 2
Dimensions in millimeters
h Size of numbers and letters, see DIN EN ISO 3098-2 2,5 3,5 5 7 10 14 20
1) Line width for symbols and letters 0,25 0,35 0,5 0,7 1 1,4 2
d1
H1 3,5 5 7 10 14 20 28
H2 8 11 15 21 30 42 60
1) In CAD systems the line widths closest to these values shall apply.
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7.2 Arrangement of symbols on surfaces

Symbols and lettering (same size as dimension figures) are to be arranged such that they can be
read from the bottom or from the right hand side of the drawing, with the drawing placed in the
normal reading position. The symbol points from the outside either directly to the part edge, to an
extension line used as a lengthening of the part edge or if needed, to a datum line, the arrow of
which is to point from the outside to the edge of the part or extension line, see Figure 12.
The symbols of Figures 1 to 3 can be arranged as desired; however, the lettering is to be entered
according to the above-mentioned rule.

Figure 12

In general, surface requirements shall be entered individually on all surfaces where they are
required. This also applies to opposing surfaces with the same surface texture.
In accordance with the basic principles of dimensioning, the symbol is to be entered only once for a
given surface, preferably in the view that also includes the dimensions of the surface. For rotating
parts the surface specifications are to be entered only once for each plane of a symmetrical
representation, see Figure 13.

Figure 13
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7.3 Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame

By way of example, letters are assigned to the symbol for the individual surface textures in
Figures 14 to 16.
If the same specification applies to all the surfaces of a part, then only a collective specification
shall be entered in the field ”Surface finish” (if present) or near the title block, see Figure 14.

Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit
Surface finish xx
VDA 2005

Figure 14

If the same specification applies to most of the surfaces of a part, the collective specification shall
likewise be entered in the ”Surface finish” field (if present) or near the title block, together with an
additional parenthesized basic symbol as shown in Figure 1, without further information.
NOTE: When using collective specifications, it can arise that small surfaces are overlooked and
cannot be measured as a result of the necessary evaluation length (for the R profile). In this case,
Pt can be measured or the surface texture can be compared visually, e.g. with surface comparison
samples.
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Symbols with surface specifications that indicate exceptions to the majority of the surface texture
shall be specified at the respective surfaces in the drawing, see Figure 15.
If the deviating surface specifications on the drawing are uncomplicated and of limited scope, the
complete surface texture may be parenthesized (see Figure 16) instead of the basic symbol
according to Figure 15.
NOTE: The letters and numbers are provided by way of example.

Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit
Surface finish
VDA 2005 a1 ( ) Surface finish
VDA 2005
a1 ( a2 )

Figure 15 Figure 16

7.4 Requirements on depth of waviness Wt

If the Wt value is specified below the roughness parameter Rz, both measuring values are valid
independently, see Figure 17.
NOTE: The waviness shall only be specified if the function demands it.

Rz 25
Wt 10

Meaning: Rz ≤ 25 µm
Wt ≤ 10 µm
Figure 17
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7.5 Surface requirements on dominant waviness

There are 2 criteria for specifying the dominant waviness:
─ Dominant characteristics are permitted up to an upper limit value.
─ Dominant characteristics are permitted to a limited extent in a period length range with an
upper limit or with an upper and lower limit at the same time.
The specification in the drawing is entered as follows, without indication of the validity range:

WDc 1,6
WDt 2,5

if the upper limit value for the average height of the profile elements from the dominant waviness
profiles (WDc) must not exceed 1,6 μm and the maximum height of the WD profile (WDt) must not
exceed 2,5 μm. The indication of the validity range in the drawing note is preferred.
The indications in the drawing for a limited period wave range and indications as to the evaluation
length are described in Section 9.10.1.

8 Preferred values
It is economically sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, considering that no
more than one digit after the decimal comma should be allowed.
For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:
0,4 0,6 1 1,6 2,5 4 6,3 10 16 25 40 63 100 160
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9 Examples of entry
The following figures and the corresponding requirements are examples of surface texture
specifications in technical product documentation (TPD), e.g. drawings.

9.1 Tooth flanks

In order to indicate the surface texture of tooth flanks that are not shown in the drawing, the surface
specification shall be located on the reference circle, either in the section or in the view, see
Figure 18.

or

Figure 18

9.2 Repeated form elements

The surface texture of repeated form elements shall only be specified once, together with the
dimension entry, as long as confusion with similar form elements is not possible, see Figure 19.

Figure 19
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9.3 Symmetrical parts

The surface texture of clearly and obviously symmetrical parts with a symmetry axis shall only be
entered once, see Figures 20 and 21.

Figure 20 Figure 21

9.4 Different requirements on one surface

In the event of different surface textures on one surface, the area of the deviating requirement is
designated and dimensioned with a wide dash-dot line, see Figure 22.

Figure 22

9.5 Contact surfaces

In the case of contact surfaces of parts drawn in the assembled condition with identical surface
textures, the requirements are entered according to Figure 23.

Figure 23
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9.6 Radii, chamfers

The surface texture for concave radii (fillets), convex radii and chamfers shall be indicated on the
dimension line of the radius or on a special line that points to every form element, see Figure 24.

Figure 24

If the surface texture of all radii is the same, a general note with the corresponding symbol is
entered in the “Surface finish” field (if present) or near the title block, see figure 25. As a result, the
individual specification on the drawing is omitted.
NOTE: When specifying the surface texture for radii and chamfers, it is important to note that it is
often impossible to perform an actual measurement because the available evaluation lengths are
too short. In this case, a visual inspection, e.g. using surface comparison samples, may be
performed, see also Section 9.7.

Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit
Surface finish
VDA 2005
Radii
Rz 25
( )

Figure 25
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9.7 Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements

If both the surfaces adjacent to the radii or chamfers can be measured using the relevant
measuring equipment, the following rule shall apply:
Concave radii (fillets) for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have the finish of
the smoother adjacent surface requirement, see Table 3.

Table 3

Drawing example

Design of concave
radii and chamfers Rz 6,3 Rz 2,5 Rz 16 Rz 25

Convex radii and chamfers for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have the
finish of the rougher adjacent surface requirement, see Table 4.

Table 4

Drawing example

Design of convex
radii and chamfers Rz 6,3 Rz 25 Rz 25 Rz 25

If only the longer of the adjacent surfaces can be measured using the relevant measuring
equipment, the same surface specification shall apply to the adjacent radius or chamfer.

9.8 Multiple requirements

If minimum roughness information is also required on specific functional surfaces, e.g. for ensuring
the adhering capabilities of an oil film or for surfaces that are to be joined using an adhesive, then
the maximum value shall be specified on the symbol above the minimum value, see Section 6.1.1
and Figure 27. If several different roughness requirements are necessary on one surface, they
shall be positioned one under the other, see Figures 26 and 27.

Rmax 25
Rmax 4 Rz 16
Rz 1,6 Rz 4

Figure 26 Figure 27
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9.9 Production process, surface character

If a specific production process or surface character is required for individual surfaces, this shall be
noted in unabbreviated format on the extension line of the symbol. The terms refer to the final
surface condition.
Caution! The final surface condition is called, e.g. according to DIN 6790-1, ”lapped” not ”lap”, see
Figures 28 to 34.
If a surface with a specific surface texture must be post-treated, the area shall be identified with a
wide dash-dot line on which the process shall be entered, see Figure 35.
honed lapped plunge-cut ground polished
Rz 1 Rz 1,6 Rz 6,3 Rz 1,6

Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31

30
bright
burnished shot-peened twist-free
Rz 1 Rmax 6,3 Rz 25 Rz 4

Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35

9.10 Evaluation length

For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the same
length as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized, e.g.
due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be specified. In Figure 36, the
evaluation length is specified as 4 mm.
For the R profile, the standard evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths (5 x λc), see also
Section 4.2. If the surface to be tested is too small, the number of sampling lengths can be reduced
and specified, see Figure 37.

4 / Pt 25 0,8x3/Rz 6,3

Figure 36 Figure 37
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9.10.1 Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness

The evaluation length is specified according to DIN EN ISO 4288, Table 2. The designer also
ensures that the wave lengths of dominant waviness lie within the evaluation zone. When
specifying a validity range, the evaluation lengths must be at least five times the period length (see
VDA 2007). The upper and lower limits of the period lengths are dependent on the function of the
surface; the minimum lower limit is 0,02 mm.
An example of a drawing specification with an upper limit value for the period length is provided in
Figure 38, while one with an upper and lower limit is illustrated in Figure 39.

1,2x5/WDc 1,6 0,3-1,2x5/WDc 1,6

Figure 38 Figure 39

9.11 Specification of the surface grooves

If a specific groove direction is required, the appropriate symbol as indicated in Table 5 shall be
added to the surface texture symbol, see Figure 40.

Whenever the groove direction cannot be clearly described by a symbol from Table 5 or if a
specific groove direction is to be excluded, this information shall be added to the production
process details, see Figure 41.

ground ground grooves not in

Rz 16 Rz 16 axial direction
⊥

Figure 40 Figure 41
Page 22
VDA 2005: 2007-02

Table 5 – Symbols for the groove direction

Symbol Explanation

Parallel to the plane of projection

= of the view in which the symbol is
used.
groove direction

Perpendicular to the plane of

⊥ projection of the view in which the
symbol is used.
groove direction

Crossed in two oblique directions

X relative to the plane of projection of

the view in which the symbol is
used.
groove direction

M Multi-directional

Approximately centrical relative to

C the center of the surface to which
the symbol applies.

Approximately radial relative to the

R center of the surface to which the
symbol applies.

P Non-grooved surface, undirectional

or pitted

NOTE: If a groove direction that is not clearly captured by a symbol is to be indicated, it shall be
described in an additional note in the drawing, see Figure 41.
 Page 23
VDA 2005: 2007-02

9.12 Specification of the machining allowance

The machining allowance is generally specified only in those cases where several process stages
are illustrated in the same drawing. Machining allowances are therefore found e.g. in blank-
component drawings of cast and forged workpieces, in which the finished workpiece is shown in
the blank-component drawing. The indication of machining allowances by a defined symbol is not
applicable to textual indications.
When the machining allowance is specified, it may occur that this requirement is the only
requirement added to the complete symbol. The machining allowance may also be specified in
conjunction with a normal surface texture requirement, see Figure 42.
turned

Figure 42

9.13 Simplified specification

If complicated entries are to be repeated or if there is insufficient space on the drawing, the basic
symbol is entered for the relevant surface with a letter and the meaning is explained near the
drawing title block, see Figure 43. Lower case letters should be used to this end, preferably from
the end of the alphabet.

ground

Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit
Surface finish

VDA 2005
( )

Figure 43
Page 24
VDA 2005: 2007-02

9.14 Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces
The surface parameters Rpk, Rk and Rvk are entered
in the drawing as described in Section 6, see Figure 44.

Figure 44
10 Surface parameter for special functions
For special functions, it may be necessary to deviate from the normal specifications described in
the foregoing sections and to stipulate different surface texture requirements.
In this event, Figure 45 shall be used as the basis.
NOTE: Examples for surface texture specifications, see Appendices A and B.

10.1 Specification of transmission characteristic

As a rule, a short wave filter λs, in addition to the long wave filter, is not permitted according to
VDA 2006. The exception to this rule is where this is expressly specified in a drawing. In this case,
the transmission characteristic shall be specified before the parameter designation, separated by
an oblique stroke (/).
The transmission characteristic is specified in the form of the values of the filters' wave length limits
(in mm), separated by a hyphen (-). The short wave filter is given first, followed by the long wave
filter, e.g.:

0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4
MRR 0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4

in text in drawings

10.2 Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for
special cases
Certain parameters are defined on the basis of the sampling length while others are defined on the
basis of the evaluation length. If the evaluation length is not specified before the parameter
designation, this means that the requirement is based on the standard evaluation length, see
Section 4.2.
If a particular evaluation length is required, e.g. 0,8x16 / Rz 6,3, this yields an evaluation length of
0,8x16 = 12,8 mm. As this evaluation length cannot be processed by all measuring equipment –
particularly older models – the evaluation length that comes closest to the limit value shall be set
on the device, e.g. 12,5 mm.
NOTE: In those cases where the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length is not
defined, this must be specified.
 Page 25
VDA 2005: 2007-02

a b c d e f g
Surface
Lower Transmission Number of
Type of filter parameter Limit value
specified characteristic sampling
Para-
limit L lengths Profile meter

L “X“ 0,08 – 0,8 3 Rz 3,3

ground
L ”X” 0,08 - 0,8 x 3 / Rz 3,3

h i k
Direction of
Type of Production
surface
production process
grooves

a) Specification of the lower (L) specified limit – refer to Section 6.1.1 for details
b) Filter type “X”. The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562). The
previously standardized filter was the 2 RC filter. During the transition period, it may be
appropriate for some companies to specify the filter type in the drawing. The filter type can be
specified as “Gaussian” or “2RC”. This is not standardized, but specification of the filter
designation as suggested here is unambiguous. Other filters shall be specified.
When using the robust Gaussian regression filter acc. to VDA 2008, "FPRRG" is indicated.
c) The transmission characteristic is specified as short-wave, long-wave filter, see Section 10.1.
d) Number of sampling lengths - refer to Sections 4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10 and 10.2 for details.
e) Profile parameter – refer to Section 6 for details.
f) For general purposes, the normal parameter is Rz. See Section 6.
For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces Rk, Rpk and Rvk shall be indicated.
g) Limit value in micrometers
h) Type of production – refer to Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 for details.
i) Surface groove direction - refer to Section 9.11 for details.
k) Production process - refer to Section 9.9 for details.
Figure 45 - Specification of the surface texture requirements in engineering drawings for
special functions
Page 26
VDA 2005: 2007-02
Table 6 lists surface parameters for auxiliary and special functions and their meaning. Figure 45
illustrates how the different determining elements are to be indicated in the drawing.

Table 6 - Surface parameters for auxiliary and special functions

Code Parameter Defining standard Explanation
Zt Height difference VDA 2006 and -
of the profile element DIN EN ISO 4287
Pp, Rp, Wp Heigt of the largest VDA 2006 and -
profile peak DIN EN ISO 4287
Pv, Rv, Wv Depth of the largest profile VDA 2006 and -
trough DIN EN ISO 4287
Pz Average profile height VDA 2006 and Pz always equals Pt
DIN EN ISO 4287
Wz Average depth of waviness VDA 2006 and -
DIN EN ISO 4287
Pc, Rc, Wc Average height of the VDA 2006 and -
profile elements DIN EN ISO 4287
Rt Overall height of the VDA 2006 and Parameter is not suitable for
roughness profile DIN EN ISO 4287 characterizing roughness
Pq, Rq, Wq Quadratic average roughness VDA 2006 and Corresponds to the standard
DIN EN ISO 4287 deviation of the amplitude density
Psk, Rsk, Wsk Incline of the amplitude VDA 2006 and -
density DIN EN ISO 4287
Pku, Rku, Wku Steepness of the amplitude VDA 2006 and -
density DIN EN ISO 4287
Psm, Rsm, Wsm Average groove width VDA 2006 and -
DIN EN ISO 4287
Pδq, Rδq, Wδq Quadratic average value VDA 2006 and -
of the profile slope DIN EN ISO 4287
Pmr, Rmr, Wmr Material ratio VDA 2006 and Pmr identical to former tpa and Rmr
DIN EN ISO 4287 identical to former tpi
Pδc, Rδc, Wδc Height difference between VDA 2006 and -
2 intersection lines DIN EN ISO 4287
Mr1 Material ratio VDA 2006 and Surface portion at the upper limit
DIN EN ISO 13565-2 of the bearing roughness core profile
Mr2 Material ratio VDA 2006 and Surface portion at the lower limit
DIN EN ISO 13565-2 of the bearing roughness core profile
Rpq, Ppq Parameters for surfaces with VDA 2006 and In the event of dual machining or
Rvq, Pvq dual machining DIN EN ISO 13565-3 wear inspections
Rmq, Pmq
Pmr(c) Material ratio curve VDA 2006 and For measurement result
Rmr(c) (Abbott curve) DIN EN ISO 4287 documentation;
Wmr(c) load-bearing characteristics
 Page 27
VDA 2005: 2007-02

Appendix A Summary tables (informative)

A.1 Symbols with surface texture specification

No. Symbol Meaning / Explanation

Machining that removes material is not permitted,

Rz 25 unilateral specified upper limit,
R profile,
A.1.1 largest average roughness 25 µm
(maximum permissible roughness value),
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths
Material must be removed by machining,
Rmax 4 maximum roughness within the whole evaluation length,
R profile,
A.1.2 largest maximum roughness 4 µm,
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths
Material must be removed by machining,
unilateral specified upper limit,
Ra 3,2 R profile,
A.1.3 largest average roughness 3,2 µm (maximum permissible
roughness value),
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths
Material must be removed by machining,
unilateral specified upper limit,
0,8x3 / Rz 2,5 R profile,
A.1.4 largest average roughness 2,5 µm (maximum permissible
roughness value),
evaluation length comprising 3 sampling lengths
Machining that removes material is not permitted,
bilateral specified upper and lower limit,
Rz 40 R profile,
Rz 25 upper limit: average roughness 40 µm,
A.1.5 lower limit: average roughness 25 µm,
evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths,
upper and lower limit must not be exceeded or fallen below.
Material must be removed by machining,
unilateral specified upper limit,
P profile,
profile overall height 25 µm (maximum permissible value),
Pt 25 evaluation length is the same as the workpiece length.
A.1.6 (This is not economical for long lengths; in such cases the
evaluation length may have to be limited, e.g. to 8 mm.)

8 / Pt 25
Page 28
VDA 2005: 2007-02

A.2 Symbols with supplementary specifications

(These specifications can be used together with appropriate symbols from A.1).

No. Symbol Meaning

milled Production procedure, milled (see 9.9)

A.2.1

Surface pattern: groove direction at right angles to the plane of

A.2.2 projection of the view (see 9.11)
⊥
Machining allowance 3 mm (see 9.12)
A.2.3
3

NOTE: The manufacturing method, the surface sample and the machining allowance are only given as
examples.

A.3 Symbols for simplified drawing notes

No. Symbol Meaning

A.3.1

The meaning of the symbol is specified in the drawing near the

title block (see 9.13)
A.3.2 y z
 Page 29
VDA 2005: 2007-02

Appendix B Examples (informative)

No. Specification Example:

B.1 Surface roughness:

- Bilateral specification
milled
- Upper limit of the specification, Rz = 25 µm
- Lower limit of the specification, Rz = 6,3 µm 0,8x5 / Rz 25
- Both: highest permissible roughness value 0,8x5 / Rz 6,3
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc) c
- Surface grooves approximately circular around the center
point
- Production process: milling
NOTE: Given the large roughness tolerance, a variable cut off
would have to be used for measurement. As this is not
economical, the cut off is specified.

B.2 Surface roughness on all individual surfaces

excluding one:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- Rz = 6,3 µm
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction, no requirement
- Production process: material is removed
The individual surface with a different requirement has the
following surface roughness:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- Ra = 1,6 µm
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction, no specification
- Production process: material is removed
NOTE: Can only be specified if the standard evaluation length
can be used on all surfaces.

B.3 Surface roughness:

- Two unilateral specified upper limits ground
- Rz = 1,6 µm - Rmax = 6,3 µm Rmax 6,3
- Highest permissible - Maximum roughness Rz 1,6
roughness value - Standard evaluation length ⊥
- Standard evaluation (5x λc)
length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction approximately at right angles to
the plane of projection of the view
- Production process: grinding
Page 30
VDA 2005: 2007-02

No. Specification Example:

B.4 Surface roughness:

- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
Fe//Ni20pCrr
- Rz = 1 µm
- Highest permissible roughness value Rz 1
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction, no specification
- Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating
B.5 Surface roughness:
- A unilateral upper specification and a bilateral specification

- Unilateral, Ra = 3,2 µm Fe//Ni10bCrr

- Highest permissible arithmetic average roughness
Ra 3,2
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
Rz 16
- Bilateral ⊥ Rz 6,3
- Specified upper limit Rz = 16 µm
- Specified lower limit Rz = 6,3 µm
- Both: Standard evaluation length (5x λc) but different cut off
- Surface groove direction, at right angles to the plane of
projection
- Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating
B.6 The surface texture specification and the dimensioning can be
combined by using the same extension line.
Surface roughness on the chamfer:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- Rz = 2,5 µm
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction, no requirement
Production process: material is removed
Surface roughness on the side surfaces of a key groove:
─ Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
─ Rz = 6,3 µm
─ Highest permissible roughness value
─ Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
─ Surface groove direction, no specification
─ Production process: material is removed
B.7 Surface texture and dimensioning can be specified
- together on an extension line or
- separately on the relevant projection and dimension lines.
Common parameters for all three roughness requirements in
the example are:
- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit
- One after the other: Rz = 1,6 µm; Rz = 6,3 µm; Rz = 40 µm
- Highest permissible roughness value
- Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
- Surface groove direction, no requirement
- Production process: material is removed
 Page 31
VDA 2005: 2007-02

No. Specification Example:

B.8 Specification of surface texture, dimensioning and machining
process. The example illustrates three consecutive production
processes or stages.
1st stage:
─ Single, unilateral specification of upper limit ground
─ Rz = 1,6 µm
─ Highest permissible roughness value
─ Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
─ Surface groove direction, no requirement
─ Production process: material is removed
nd
2 stage:
No surface requirements, other than:
─ Chromium coating
3rd stage:
─ A single, unilateral specified upper limit, only valid for the
first 50 mm of the cylinder surface
─ Rz = 6,3 µm
─ Highest permissible roughness value
─ Standard evaluation length (5x λc)
─ Surface groove direction, no requirement
─ Production process: grinding
B.9 Surface roughness:
─ The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is
compulsory. FPRRG / Rpk 0,5
─ Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk FPRRG / Rk 1,2
─ Standard evaluation length (5x λc) FPRRG / Rvk 1,5
─ Production process: material is removed
B.10 Surface roughness:
─ The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is
compulsory. FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rpk 0,5
FPRRG 0,8 x 16 /Rk 1,2
─ Specification of the measurement conditions: λc=0,8 mm,
16 sampling lengths FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rvk 2
─ Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk FPRRG 0,8 x 16/Rvk 0,8
─ Specification of the lower limit for Rvk
─ Production process: material is removed
B.11 Dominant waviness:
─ The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is ground
compulsory.
─ Dominant projections are not permitted
FPRRG Rz 1,6
─ A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =
WDc 0
1,6 µm
─ Production process: grinding
B.12 Dominant waviness: turned
─ Upper limit value for the average profile height of the
dominant waviness 1,6 µm Rmax 6,3
─ Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 µm WDc 1,6
─ Production process: turning
Page 32
VDA 2005: 2007-02
B.13 Dominant waviness:
─ Definition of the validity range from 0,02 to 1,2 mm
─ Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm Rz 6,3
─ Upper limit value for the average profile height of the 1,2x5/WDc 1,6
dominant waviness 1,6 µm within the validity range
─ A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =
6,3 µm
B.14 Dominant waviness:
─ Definition of the validity range from 0,3 to 1,2 mm
─ Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm Rmax 6,3
─ Upper limit value for the overall height of the WD 0,3-1,2x5/WDt 2,5
profile 2,5 µm within the validity range
─ Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 µm

Referenced standards1
DIN EN ISO 3274:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile
Method - Nominal Characteristics of Contact (Stylus) Instruments
DIN EN ISO 5436-1:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile
Method; Measurement Standards - Part 1: Material Measures

1
In this Section, terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.
 VDA-Recommendation July 2002
Geometrical Product Specifications
Technical Drawings VDA
Specification of Surface Texture 2005
Brief Version Appendix 1

Descriptors: surface finish, surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, technical

drawing, drawing specification, drawing entry, drawing note

1 Scope
This appendix describes standard cases for the specification of surface texture in technical produc-
tion documentation for the automobile industry.
It is a summary of VDA 2005.

2 Basis

2.1 General principles

Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.
In general, the following shall apply:
- as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing entry,
- as fine as necessary for production
(even more so if this does not cause additional expenditure)

Surface texture specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the
end condition of the surface is appropriate.
The specified limit value represents the highest permissible value.
If a lower limit is specified, then this must be achieved.
The 16% rule is not applied.

Page 1 of 5
VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) Westendstraße 61, 60325 Frankfurt

Vertrieb: DOKUMENTATION KRAFFAHRTWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstraße 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen

Page 2
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07

2.2 Metrological basis

The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.
The normal evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths.
Rz is the arithmetic average of the heights of the largest profile peaks and the depths of the
deepest profile troughs of five consecutive sampling lengths
Z + Z2 + Z3 + Z4 + Z5
(see figure 1) Rz = 1
5
The original meaning and the designation of the maximum roughness Rmax are retained.
Rmax is the highest value of the measurement of all sampling lengths (see figure 1).
The use of the short wave filter λs is not permitted.
The long wave filter λc is used.

Run-in length Run-out length

Figure 1 – Forming the parameter Rmax from the roughness profile

Figure 2 - Arithmetic average roughness Ra

The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amounts from the
individual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has been filtered out.
One disadvantage here is that individual freak values are not taken into consideration and the level
of information it provides is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughness has its
legitimacy, e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.
 Page 3
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07

3 Division of the possible surface specifications into individual elements

Number of Surface
Lower Sampling
Type of filter sampling parameter
specified length
(if deviating lengths Limit value
limit L
from 2.2) (if deviating Profile
Para-
(if necessary) meter
from 2.2)

ground

L “X” 0.8 x 3 / Rz 3.3

Type of pro- Production

Surface lay
duction process

3.1 Explanation of the individual elements

3.1.1 Specifications of upper and lower (L) limits

Normally: Generally only the upper limit (surface parameter + limit value)
is specified, e.g.:

Rz 25

The upper limit must not be exceeded.

Special case: In exceptional cases, there is the option of specifying only the lower limit (with the
prefix L). If both the upper and lower limits are specified, then the upper limit is positioned on top
with the lower limit beneath it (without additional marking), e.g.:

L Rz 6.3 Rz 25
Rz 6.3

The upper limit may not be exceeded and the lower limit must be achieved.
Page 4
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07

3.1.2 Type of profile filter

The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562).
No specification is required.

3.1.2.1 Wave length limit

If there is a deviation from the wave length limit λc (cut off) assigned to the roughness
(see DIN EN ISO 4288), the wave length limit and the number of evaluation lengths must be speci-
fied even if the normal evaluation length is used, e.g.

0.8x5/Rz 0.4

3.1.3 Surface parameter

For all general applications, the normal roughness parameter Rz (according to DIN EN ISO 4287)
shall be entered in the drawing.
In individual cases (e.g. surface specifications for semifinished products) it is useful to specify the
Ra value.
Depending on the function, it can be useful to specify further parameters such as Rmax.
For porous and stratified heavy-duty contact surfaces, e.g. cylinder faces, the normal roughness
parameter Rk may be supplemented by Rpk and Rvk (according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2).
For special applications, the appropriate parameter must be taken from the standards
DIN EN ISO 4287 and DIN EN ISO 13565-2.

3.1.4 Evaluation length

Normally: No evaluation length is specified for roughness parameters.
Thus the normal evaluation length applies.
The normal evaluation length ln comprises five sampling lengths lr (see figure 1).

Rz 25
E.g.:

Special If, e.g., the workpiece surface is very small such that the normal evaluation length
case: cannot be used, the number of sampling lengths must be specified on the symbol.

2.5x3/Rz 25
E.g.:
 Page 5
VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07

3.1.5 Preferred values

It is commercially sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, whereby no more
than one point after the decimal point should be allowed.
For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:
0.4 0.6 1 1.6 2.5 4 6.3 10 16 25 40 63 100 160

3.1.6 Type of production

Normally: All the symbols specified in section 5 of VDA 2005 are permitted.
NOTE The symbol “for all surfaces around a workpiece outline” detailed in DIN EN ISO 1302 shall
be avoided.

3.1.7 Surface lay and structure thereof

Normally: No specification = any surface lay

3.1.8 Production process

Normally: No specification = any production process

4 Example of general type

General type, see figure 3

Figure 3 – General type

Symbol Meaning / Explanation

Upper limit Section 3.1.1
Gaussian filter Section 3.1.2
Rz 25 Long wave filter λc Section 2.2
Surface parameter Rz Section 3.1.3
Evaluation length = five sampling Sections 2.2 and 3.1.4
lengths
25 µm highest permissible limit value Section 2.1,
Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.5
Material removal through machining Section 3.1.6
Any surface lay Section 3.1.7
Any production process Section 3.1.8