TFN 1

Nursing and Theory
by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1.Descibe the nursing profession.

2. Trace the important milestones in the

history of nursing.

3. Identify the components of a nursing

theory


What is nursing?

NURSING is a practice-
oriented discipline.
Nursing knowledge is
derived from basic and
nursing sciences,
experience, aesthetics,
nurses’ attitudes, and
standards of practice.
Smith, M., & Parker, M. E. (2014). Nursing theories and nursing practice. F A
Davis Company.
The history of professional nursing began
with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale
envisioned nurses as a body of educated
women at a time when women were neither
educated nor employed in public service.
Following her wartime service of organizing
and caring for the wounded in Scutari during
the Crimean War, Nightingale’s vision and
establishment of a School of Nursing at St.
Thomas’ Hospital in London marked the birth
of modern nursing.
Nightingale’s pioneering activities in nursing
practice and education and her subsequent
writings became a guide for establishing nursing
schools and hospitals in the United States at the
beginning of the twentieth century

(Kalisch & Kalisch, 2003; Nightingale, 1859/1969).

Nightingale’s vision for nursing has been
practiced for more than a century, and
theory development in nursing has evolved
rapidly over the past 6 decades, leading to
the recognition of nursing as an academic
discipline with a specialized body of
knowledge.

(Alligood, 2010a, 2010b; Alligood & Tomey, 2010;

Bixler & Bixler, 1959; Chinn & Kramer, 2011;
Fawcett, 2005; Im & Chang, 2012; Walker & Avant,
2011).
Milestones for Nursing

What is a fact?

FACT is something that is
seen happening or
existing. It is an empirical
observation
Davis Company.
What is an idea?
Davis Company.
IDEA is a group of interrelated
facts. Idea is an image or
formulation of something
imagined and visualized, of
something vaguely assumed,
guessed or sensed out of
related facts or observations. It
is a person’s conception of
what is the best example of
something
Davis Company.
What is a
phenomenon?
Davis Company.
PHENOMENON is an aspect
of reality that can be
consciously sensed or
experienced. Examples of
phenomena of nursing
include caring, self-care,
and patient responses to
stress .
Davis Company.
What is a
concept?
Davis Company.
CONCEPTS are ideas and
mental images that help to
describe phenomena.
Concept is a word or cluster
of words describing an
object, idea or event. It is an
abstraction based on
observation of certain
behaviors or characteristics.
It describes the essence of a
thing.
Davis Company.
What is a
conceptual
framework?
Davis Company.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK is
a set of interrelated concepts
that serve as building blocks
of theories § interrelated
concepts or abstractions that
are assembled together in
some § relational scheme by
virtue of their relevance to a
common theme
Davis Company.
What is a
hypothesis?
Davis Company.
HYPOTHESIS is a statement of
predicted relationships
between two or more
variables, subjected to
testing in empirical studies in
a temporary stand or
prediction or guess while the
investigation goes on an
educated guess
Davis Company.
What is an
assumption?
Davis Company.
ASSUMPTION are basic
principles that are accepted
as being true on the basis of
logic or reason without proof
or verification of statements
that describe concepts
definitions, purpose,
relationships, and structure
of a theory.
Davis Company.
What is a
theory?
Davis Company.
THEORY is a set of concepts,
definitions, relationships,
and assumptions that project
a systematic view of a
phenomena. It is a formal
statement that is
constructed in order to
organize ideas & explain
event.
Davis Company.
What is a
theoretical
framework?
Davis Company.
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK are sets of
interrelated theories
that organizes the
direction of a research
endeavor/scientific
inquiry.
Davis Company.
COMPONENTS OF A
THEORY
Davis Company.
PURPOSE
explains why the theory was
formulated and specifies the context
and situations in which it should be
applied.
Davis Company.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Concepts are logistic labels that are

assigned to objects or events.

Definition defines the concept in relation to

other concepts and permits the description
and classification of phenomena. It convey
the general meaning of the concepts.
Davis Company.
THEORETICAL
STATEMENTS
are statements about
the relationship
between two or more
concepts and
are used to connect
concepts to
devise the theory.
Davis Company.
STRUCTURE AND
LINKAGES

The structure of a theory

provides overall form to
the theory § Theoretical
linkages offer a reasoned
explanation of why the
variables in the theory
may be connected in some
manner.
Davis Company.
ASSUMPTIONS

The assumptions of a
theory are based on
what the theorist
considers to be adequate
empirical evidence to
support propositions, on
accepted knowledge, or
on personal beliefs or
values.
Davis Company.
MODELS are
schematic
representation of
some aspect of
reality.
Theoretical models
represent the real
world through
language or
symbols and
directional arrows.
by: JOANNE FAITH&N.
Davis Company. ABRINA, RN, MSN
krystynakidson.com
Activity

1. Give an example of
each topic.
2. Make a theoretical
framework related
to COVID-19.
Davis Company.

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Nursing and Theory

by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

1.Descibe the nursing profession.

2. Trace the important milestones in the

3. Identify the components of a nursing

by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

(Kalisch & Kalisch, 2003; Nightingale, 1859/1969).

(Alligood, 2010a, 2010b; Alligood & Tomey, 2010;

by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

by: JOANNE FAITH N. ABRINA, RN, MSN

Concepts are logistic labels that are

Definition defines the concept in relation to

The structure of a theory

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