Getting to Know

the Theorists
By: Group 5
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Agenda:
Topic 1: Theorist Bibliography

a. Patricia Benner

b. Sister Callista Roy

Topic 2: Theoretical Framework

Topic 3: Nursing Metaparadigm

20XX 2
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Team

Elerio, Althea Mae Florida, Queen

Galicia, Winslet
Micailah Gabriel, Joella Cris

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Team

Galilea, Regine Mae Garcia, Chino Franco Lampaso, Niño Roy Madayag, Ruth

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 Theorist 1
Biography & Bibliography
 .
Biography
 In 1964, Dr. Benner earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in
nursing from Pasadena College.

 In late 1960’s she worked in a hospital field, working as a

Head Nurse of the Coronary Care Unit at the Kansas City
General Hospital and an Intensive Care Staff Nurse at the
Stanford University Hospital and Medical Center.

 In 1970, she earned her Master of Science in Medical-

Surgical Nursing from the University of California at San
Francisco.

 1970 until 1975, she was a Research Associate at the

Patricia Benner
University of California at San Francisco School of Nursing

An American registered nurse, born on August

 In 1982, She earned the title Ph.D. from the University of
1942 at Hampton, Virginia and focuses on
California at Berkeley.
nursing education and nursing theories.
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 .
Patricia Benner
Dr. Benner has published nine books, including From
Novice to Expert, Nursing Pathways for Patient
Safety, and The Primacy of Caring .
Bibliography
 Notable award in 2011, The living Legend of the American Academy
of Nursing. In 1995, she was awarded the 15th Helen Nahm Research
Lecture Award from the University of California at San Francisco
School of Nursing.
 Her published works include:
 Educating Nurses: A call for Radical Transformation (Jossey-
Bass/Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching)
 From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical
Nursing Practice, Commemorative Edition
 Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgement, and
Ethics, Second Edition
 Clinical Wisdom and Interventions and Interventions in Acute
and Critical Care: A thinking-in-Action Approach, Second
Edition
 Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring, and Ethics
in Health Care and Illness (Nurse-patient relations)
 New Nurses Work Entry: A Trouble Sponsorship
 Stress and Satisfaction on the Job
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Theoretical Framework Of Benner’s Model

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From Novice to Expert Model
1. A novice is a beginner with no experience. They are taught general rules to
help perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In
other words, they are told what to do and simply follow instruction.

2. The advanced beginner shows acceptable performance, and has gained prior
experience in actual nursing situations. This helps the nurse recognize recurring
meaningful components so that principles, based on those experiences, begin to
formulate in order to guide actions.

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 From Novice to Expert Model
3. A competent nurse generally has two or three years’ experience on the job in the same
field. For example, two or three years in intensive care. The experience may also be
similar day-to-day situations. These nurses are more aware of long-term goals, and they
gain perspective from planning their own actions, which helps them achieve greater
efficiency and organization.

4. A proficient nurse perceives and understands situations as whole parts. He or

she has a more holistic understanding of nursing, which improves decision-
making. These nurses learn from experiences what to expect in certain situations,
as well as how to modify plans as needed.

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 From Novice to Expert Model
5. Expert nurses no longer rely on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect

situations and determine actions. They have a deeper background of

experience and an intuitive grasp of clinical situations. Their performances
are fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient. Benner’s writings explain that
nursing skills through experience are a prerequisite for becoming an expert
nurse.

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nursing as an
“enabling condition of
connection and
concern” .
which shows a high level of emotio
nal involvement in the nurse-client
relationship. She viewed nursing
practice as the care and study of the
lived experience of health, illness,
and disease and the relationships
among these three elements.
Person
Metaparadigm
“self-interpreting being, that is,
the person does not come into the
world predefined but gets defined
in the course of living a life. A
person also has… an effortless
and non-reflective understanding
of the self in the world. The
person is viewed as
a participant in common
meanings.”.
Nursing
“She defined environment as
‘situation’ because it suggest
social environment, with social
definition and meaning.” used the
phenomenological terms of Being
situated and situated meaning, which
are defined by the person’s engaged
interaction, interpretation an
understanding of the situation.
Environment
. “on the lived experience of being
healthy and ill.” .
She defined health as what can be
assessed, while well-being is the
human experience of health or
wholeness. Health as not just an
absence of disease and illness.
Illness define as dysfunction or
human experience of loss while
disease can be assess base physical
level.
Health
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 Theorist 2
Biography & Bibliography
 .
Sister Callista Roy
Sister Callista L. Roy (born October 14, 1939) is a nursing
theorist, professor, and author. She is known for her
groundbreaking work in creating the Adaptation Model of
Nursing. Roy belongs to the Sisters of St. Joseph of
Carondelet
Biography
 In 1963, received her Bachelor of Arts Major in Nursing
from Mount Saint Mary’s College in Los Angeles
 In 1966, finished her master’s degree in nursing from the
University of California.
 In 1973, After earning her nursing degrees, Roy began her
sociology education, receiving both a master’s degree in
sociology.
 1977, and she finished her doctorate in sociology in 1977
from California.
 In 1991, she founded the Boston Based Adaptation
Research in Nursing Society (BBARNS), which would later be
renamed the Roy Adaptation Association.
 Roy’s other scholarly work includes conceptualizing and
measuring coping and developing the philosophical basis
for the adaptation model and nursing’s epistemology. 14
 .
Bibliography
Published works

Roy, S. C. (2014). Generating middle-range theory: From evidence to

practice. New York, NY: Springer.

Roy, S. C., & Harrington, A. (2013). Roy adaptation model-based

research: Global view. Generating Middle range theory: From
evidence to practice (pp. 355-365). New York, NY: Springer.

Roy, S. C. (2013). From US nurse theorist’s view of person and good of

society: Dr. Callista Roy (p. 3), in Cristina Monforte, RN, MSN, PhD
(Ed.), Catalunya: Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC).

Roy, S. C., Barone, S. H. (2013). Pedagogic materials for generating

middle range theories: Evidence for practice. In S.C Roy (ed.).
Generating Middle Range Theory: From Evidence to Practice. New
York, NY: Springer.

Roy, S. C. (2011). Research-based on the Roy adaptation model: Last 25

years. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(4), 312-320.
Sister Callista Roy
Roy, S. C. (2011). Extending the Roy Adaptation Model to Meet
Changing Global Needs. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(4), 345-351.
In 2007, Roy was named a Living Legend by the American Academy
Senesac, P. M., Roy, S. C. (2010). Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model,
of Nursing and the Massachusetts Registered Nurses Association. In M. Parker and M. Smith (Ed.), Nursing Theories and Nursing
She also received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Practice (ed., pp. 40 page manuscript). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.
Year Award for the Roy Adaptation Model Essentials.
Jones, D. A., Roy, S. C., K. A. (2013). Marjory Gordon Living Legend.
NANDA- International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and
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Classification, 21(2), 2.
 .

 Roy and her colleagues at Roy Adaptation

Association have critiqued and synthesized the
first 350 research projects published in English
based on her adaptation model.

 Roy’s has published over 37 works

The Roy Adaption Model

Her most famous work is on the Roy

adaptation model of nursing.

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 Adaptation Model
The Adaptation Model of Nursing is a prominent nursing theory
aiming to explain or define the provision of nursing science. In her
theory, Sister Callista Roy’s model sees the individual as a set of
interrelated systems that maintain a balance between various stimuli.

First presented in the literature in an article published in Nursing

Outlook in 1970 entitled “Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework for
Nursing.”

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 Adaptation Model
Roy’s model was conceived when nursing theorist Dorothy Johnson
challenged her students to develop conceptual models of nursing
during a seminar. Johnson’s nursing model was the impetus for the
development of Roy’s Adaptation Model.

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Theoretical Framework Of Sis. Roy’s Model

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 Diagrammatic Representation of Roy’s
Human Adaptive Systems

The subsystem’s four adaptive modes are how the regulator and cognator mechanisms are
manifested; in other words, they are the external expressions of the above and internal processes.

• Physiological-Physical Mode
Physical and chemical processes are involved in the function and activities of living
organisms. These are the actual processes put in motion by the regulator subsystem.

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 Diagrammatic Representation of Roy’s
Human Adaptive Systems

Self-Concept Group Identity Mode

In this mode, the goal of coping is to have a sense of unity, meaning the purposefulness in
the universe, and a sense of identity integrity. This includes body image and self-ideals.

Role Function Mode

This mode focuses on the primary, secondary, and tertiary roles that a person occupies in
society and knowing where they stand as a member of society.

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 Diagrammatic Representation of Roy’s
Human Adaptive Systems

Interdependence Mode

This mode focuses on attaining relational integrity through the giving and receiving of
love, respect and value. This is achieved with effective communication and relations.
Levels of Adaptation

1. Integrated Process

The various modes and subsystems meet the needs of the environment. These are usually
stable processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationship).

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 Diagrammatic Representation of Roy’s
Human Adaptive Systems

Compensatory Process

The cognator and regulator are challenged by the environment’s needs but are working to
meet the needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job, compensatory breathing).
Compromised Process

The modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting the environmental challenge (e.g.,
hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships).

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 Diagrammatic Representation of Roy’s
Human Adaptive Systems

Six-Step Nursing Process

A nurse’s role in the Adaptation Model is to manipulate stimuli by removing,
decreasing, increasing, or altering stimuli so that the patient.

1. Assess the behaviors manifested from the four adaptive modes.

2. Assess the stimuli, categorize them as focal, contextual, or residual.

3. Make a statement or nursing diagnosis of the person’s adaptive state.

4. Set a goal to promote adaptation.

5. Implement interventions aimed at managing the stimuli.

6. Evaluate whether the adaptive goal has been met.

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 Metaparadigm

“Human systems have “[The goal of nursing is] ““The conditions, “Health is not freedom
thinking and feeling the promotion of circumstances and influences from the inevitability of
capacities, rooted in adaptation for individuals surrounding and affecting the death, disease,
consciousness and development and behavior of
and groups in each of the persons or groups, with unhappiness, and stress,
meaning, by which they four adaptive modes, thus particular consideration of but the ability to cope with
adjust effectively to contributing to health, the mutuality of person and them in a competent way.”
changes in the quality of life, and dying health resources that includes
environment and, in turn, with dignity.” focal, contextual and residual
affect the environment.” stimuli.”

Person Nursing Environment Health

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Thank you!

-Group 5