ENGLISH 10
INSIGHTS NO. 1
Literature
•A Latin word “litera” which means letter.
•A body of literary productions, either oral, written
or visual containing imaginative language that
realistically portrays thoughts, emotions and
experiences of the human condition
World Literature
•refer to the total of the world’s national literature
and the circulation of works into the wider world
beyond their country of origin
•The term “world literature” was first used by the
German writer and statesman Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe, referring to the dissemination of literature
from and to countries across the globe. Goethe
famously stated in letters to Johann Eckermann in
1827, “National literature is now a rather
unmeaning term; the epoch of world literature is at
hand, and everyone must strive to hasten its
approach.”
•World Literature, in the modern sense, refers to
literary works that are translated into multiple
languages and circulated to an audience outside
their country of origin.
Two Major Types of Literature
A. Prose
•verbal or written language that follows the natural
flow of speech. It is the most common form of
writing, used in both fiction and non-fiction. Prose
comes from the Latin “prosa oratio,” meaning
“straightforward.”
Kinds of Prose
•Novel- long narrative divided into chapters. The
events may be taken from true -to-life stories and
spans for a long period of time.
•Short Story- narrative involving one or more
characters, one plot and one single impression
•Plays- presented on a stage, is divided into acts and
each act has many scenes
•Legends- fictitious narratives, usually about
origins. It provides historical information regarding
the culture and views of group of people or country.
•Folk Tales- traditional narrative, usually
anonymous, and handed down orally
•Fables- fictitious narrative and they deal with
animals and inanimate things who speak and act
like people
•Myths- traditional sacred story, typically revolving
around the activities of gods and heroes, which aim
to explain a natural phenomenon or cultural practice
B. Non-Prose
•non prose, any literary work that is based mainly
on fact, even though it may contain fictional
elements. Examples are the essay and biography.
•Defining non prose literature is an immensely
challenging task. This type of literature differs from
bald statements of fact, such as those recorded in an
old chronicle or inserted in a business letter or in an
impersonal message of mere information.
Kinds of Non-Prose
•Anecdotes- products of the writer’s imagination
and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the
reader
•Essay- viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a
particular problem or event
•Biography- deals with the life of a person which
may be about himself, his autobiography or that of
others
•Oration- formal treatment of a subject and is
intended to be spoken in public. It appeals to the
intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the
audience.
Linear Text
 refers to traditional text that needs to be read
from beginning to the end. Here, the reader
makes sense of the text according to the
grammatical and syntactic arrangement of
the words.
 this type of text has an order or sequence; it
is typically the author of the text who
decides the order of the text, or its reading
path.
 texts printed on paper are considered as
linear texts. Novels, poems, short stories,
letters, educational texts, all those texts we
read from the beginning to the end, are
linear texts.
Nonlinear Text
 is the opposite of linear text. As its name
suggests, it is nonlinear and non-
sequential.
 In other words, the readers do not have
to go through the text in a sequential
manner to make sense of the text.
 This type of text has many reading paths
since it is the readers who decide the
sequence of reading, not the author of
the text.
 Some examples include flowcharts,
charts, and graphs (ex: pie chart, bar
graphs), graphical organizers such as
knowledge maps and story maps.
 any text that is not read from beginning
to the end falls into the category of
nonlinear text.
 Charts or graphs these are the
representation of data represented by
symbols or legends
DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHARTS
AND GRAPHS
Concept Diagram
 Represents ideas and information as boxes
and circles and uses lines to show the
relationship between them
 diagram that shows suggested relationship
between concepts.
Venn Diagram
 Visual depiction of the similarities
and differences between two or more
different items
Timetable
 This graphic organizer presents a
schedule of activities, events, or
tasks.
 One best example of timetable is
your daily checklist of what to do.
 This list helps you to see what
activities to attend to, events to
participate in, and tasks to
accomplish. This timetable organizes
your schedule to balance your
schoolwork and recreation.
Timeline
 This graphic organizer is used in
arranging concepts, and events in
chronological order.
 Most of the History teachers use timeline
in presenting significant dates and events
in Philippines, Asian, and World history.
 This type of non-linear text enables us to
easily understand the significant event
that happened on a particular date or
period.
KWL Chart
 This graphic organizer is used before
and after reading to check what the
reader already knows about the topic,
which is represented by the K column,
what the readers want to know about the
topic which is represented by the W
column, and what the reader learned
about the topic which is represented by
the L column.
 You may use K-W-L chart to help you
organize information before, during, and
after a unit or a lesson. It engages you in
a new topic, activate your prior
 knowledge, share unit objectives, and
monitor your learning.

Classification

 It is a graphic organizer used in

arranging items in a text in different
groups, branches, or classes.
 This graphic organizer is somehow
similar with the concept of diagraming.
 Diagraming is a graphic organizer that
shows connection of one idea to another
idea.

NOTE: KINDLY USE TABLE

MAKING THIS TABLE