Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

Solid State LiDAR Sensors: The

Future of Autonomous Vehicles

Louay Eldada

CEO/Co-Founder, Quanergy

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Quanergy at a Glance
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

The Leader in Solid State LiDAR and Smart Sensing Solutions

Laser-based 3D spatial sensors and sensing systems

Technology Developed Over 25+ Years

Core team has remained intact over this period

Raised $200MM
Financial and strategic investors/partners

Global Reach
200 employees today across 12 locations:
Silicon Valley (2), Detroit, Ottawa, Washington DC, North Carolina, São Paulo, London, Munich, Dubai, Shanghai, Tokyo

Multi-Domain, Blue Chip Customers and Strategic Partners

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Our Vision and Mission
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

QUANERGY IS A

CORE TECHNOLOGY COMPANY

SUPPORTING MANY ASPECTS
OF MODERN LIVING

SAVE LIVES SAVE ENERGY SAVE TIME SAVE SPACE SAVE MONEY

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Comprehensive Solutions
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

Maturity Achieved in 3 Key Technical Areas

Hardware Software Data

›
›
›
M8 S3

• Industry-leading LiDAR sensors: • QORTEX AI software enables: • Rich 3D DATA updated in real time
o M8: mechanical LiDAR with o Object detection, classification, from IoT infrasctructure, used for:
best-in-class cost, reliability, tracking o HD 3D maps
range, resolution, data density o Advanced perception algorithms o Data analytics
o S3: unmatched cost, reliability, with deep learning o Decision making
performance; 12” Si CMOS o Smart IoT o Action trigger
wafers & automated packaging
➔ volume
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
 Time-of-Flight LiDAR
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

1 Transmitter emits pulsed laser light

TRANSMITTER /
RECEIVER
2
3 Receiver measures the reflected pulses
OBJECT 4
Object is illuminated
by laser
POINT CLOUD
“Time-of-Flight” between transmission
and reception of emitted light allows for
distance to be measured, enabling a
point cloud of an object or environment
to be created continuously in real-time

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Sensing Technologies
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

LiDAR RADAR VIDEO

3D Sensing ✓(3D) (1D) (2D)

Range ✓ ✓ 
Field of View ✓   LiDAR offers significant
advantages
Shape / Orientation ✓   •Senses objects in 3D
Range Accuracy ✓ ✓  •Extended range with
high resolution and accuracy
Resolution with Range ✓  
•High performance in most
Rain, Snow, Smog, Dust, Sand Storm ✓ ✓  weather conditions
Fog  ✓  •Agnostic to ambient lighting

Performance in Various Light Conditions ✓ ✓ 

Read Sign / Color   ✓
Intensity / Reflectivity ✓  
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
Solid State vs. Mechanical LiDAR

Traditional Mechanical LiDAR

Expensive, Large, Heavy,
High Power Consumption,
Low Performance, Low Reliability

Innovative Solid State LiDAR (S3)

Low Cost, Compact, Lightweight,
Low Power, High Performance,
High Reliability

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Product Roadmap
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

Gen 1 Gen 2 Gen 3

Solid State
Mechanical Solid State
M8 S3 S3 SOC
Volume ASP
Volume ASP Volume ASP
<$100
$1,000 $250

7 Patents Granted : 8 Patents Pending

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
S3 Operation Principle

S3 Far Field Spot

Inside
View
OPA

SPAD (Single
Photon Avalanche
Diode) Array IC
Overlaid far-field patterns
for various steering angles
Transmitter OPA
(Optical Phased Array)
Photonic IC with far
field radiation pattern

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
S3 Unique Capabilities

• Reliability – no mechanical moving parts

–No wear
–No misalignment
–No recalibration
–No sticking – no eye safety issue
–MTBF > 100,000 hours of operation
–Industry-leading 2 year warranty

• Performance – electronic beam forming

–Large FOV (120)
–Long range (150m)
–No blind spot (minimum range: zero)
–High resolution – spot size < 5cm at 100m
–High accuracy – range accuracy < 5mm at 100m

• Features – unique software-defined functionality

– Zoom in/zoom out for coarse & fine view
– Random access in entire FOV, no sequential scanning required
– Adjustable window within field of view
– Arbitrary point density within each frame
– Dynamic frame rate
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
 Main S3 ICs
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

• Transmitter:
➢ OPA (Optical Phased Array) Photonic IC
➢ OPA Control ASIC for beam forming/steering
• Receiver:
➢ SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) Array IC
➢ ROIC (Read Out IC) with TDC (time-to-digital converter) circuitry

All ICs are based on CMOS Silicon

– CMOS Si – lowest cost semiconductor
– Mature lithography nodes: 130, 90, 65, 45, 32 nm
– 12” (300 mm) wafers, cassette loading
– Automated production line with conveyor movement
– One piece flow process with inline inspection stations
– IATF 16949 automotive production qualified
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
 Quanergy Manufacturing
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

Quanergy Factory

Solid State LiDAR Manufacturing Cleanroom © 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
Autonomous Vehicle Sensors

Robust and responsible implementations of

Autonomous Driving systems have LiDAR as
primary sensor – it is the main sensor used for:

1. Perception (Detection, Classification, Tracking)

2. Mapping, Localization

3. Occupancy Grid Detection, Path Planning,

Navigation

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Levels of Autonomy – Deployment
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines

• Level 1: Assisted Driving – Deployed

Proximity Alert, Cross Traffic Alert, Blind Spot Detection, etc.

• Level 2: Partial Automation – Deployed

Lane Keeping, Adaptive Cruise Control, Traffic Jam Assist,
Front/Rear/Intersection Collision Avoidance, Autonomous
Emergency Braking, Emergency Steer Assist, etc.

• Level 3: Conditional Automation – 2020-2022

Autonomous driving in some modes (e.g., highway), human driver confirms presence and intervenes
when requested

• Level 4: High Automation – 2023-2025 first production models (all roads)

Autonomous driving in most modes, vehicle still has steering wheel, pedals, human behind wheel

• Level 5: Full Automation – 2030+ (all roads), Deployed (geofenced areas)

Autonomous driving in all modes, no steering wheel, no pedals, no human required
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
High Levels of Autonomy
Level 4/5 AV EV Fisker EMotion – Built Around 5 S3 LiDARs, world premiered at CES 2018

Two S3 LiDARs on each side

Forward-facing S3 LiDAR

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
Headlight-Integrated LiDAR

• First automotive headlight with built-in LiDAR sensors

• Developed with Koito, largest global maker of automotive headlights
• Each headlight incorporates two S3 solid state LiDARs that sense forward and sideways
• Headlight protects sensors from dust, dirt and water
• Lens washers ensure unobstructed view

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
Autonomous Flying Cars

Cartivator’s SkyDrive

VRCO’s NeoXcraft XP2

Both flying EVs are based on Quanergy’s S3 LiDAR:

• Two S3 sensors integrated in vehicle’s body
• One S3 scans forward for obstacle detection/avoidance
and navigation
• One S3 scans downward for safe landing
© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
3D Mapping & Localization
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
3D Mapping & Localization
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
3D Mapping & Localization
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
3D Mapping & Localization
• Quanergy sensors collect
range (azimuth & altitude)
and intensity
• 3D point clouds color coding:
distance, height, intensity
• Images displaying intensity
signal, related to reflectivity,
enhance visibility of IR-
reflective objects (lane
markings, street signs,
vegetation, etc.)
 Connected Roadways with Cisco
Autonomous Vehicles and Machines Safety, Efficiency, Mobility, Sustainability
Quanergy Systems on Cisco Connected Roadways Solution
Las Vegas Infrastructure

LiDAR + Video + Satellite views

Las Vegas Connected Roadway
Data streamed live to CES 2018

© 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

 Autonomous Vehicles and Machines
Quanergy Global Presence

Quanergy Sites:

• Sunnyvale

• Detroit

• Ottawa

• Washington, D.C.

• North Carolina

• São Paulo

• London

• Munich

• Dubai
Louay Eldada
• Shanghai +1-408-245-9500
louay.eldada@quanergy.com
• Tokyo www.quanergy.com

Quanergy Systems, Inc. Proprietary Rights Statement – This document contains proprietary information belonging to Quanergy Systems, Inc. This document is © 2019 QUANERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
protected by copyright and trademark laws and is not to be used, in whole or in part, in any way without the express written consent of Quanergy Systems, Inc.