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Hindu philosophy
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Contents
1Nomenclature
2Chronology
o 2.1Evolving text theory
3Author
4Structure
5Content
o 5.1On Human Intellect
o 5.2On who is ready for spiritual knowledge
o 5.3On the process of spiritual knowledge
o 5.4On liberation
o 5.5On Jivanmukta
o 5.6On Samsara and reality
6Commentaries
7Influence
8Translations
o 8.1Indian languages
8.1.1Telugu translations
8.1.2Malayalam Translations
o 8.2Persian
o 8.3Russian
o 8.4English translations
o 8.5Portuguese translations
o 8.6Latvian
9Excerpts
10See also
11References
12Sources
13Further reading
14External links
Nomenclature[edit]
The name Vasistha in the title of the text refers to Rishi Vasistha.[15] The term
Yoga in the text refers to the underlying Yogic theme in its stories and
dialogues, and the term is used in a generic sense to include all forms
of yoga in the pursuit of liberation, in the style of Bhagavad Gita.[15]
The long version of the text is called Brihat Yoga Vasistha,
wherein Brihat means "great or large". The short version of the text is
called Laghu Yoga Vasishta, wherein Laghu means "short or small".[15] The
longer version is also referred to simply as Yoga Vasistha and by numerous
other names such as Vasiṣṭha Ramayana.[1][2]
Chronology[edit]
See also: Buddhism and Hinduism in Kashmir and Kashmir Shaivism
Human effort can be used for self-betterment and that there is no such thing as an external fate imposed by the
gods.
—Yoga Vasistha philosophy, Christopher Chapple[16]
Author[edit]
The text is traditionally attributed to Maharishi Valmiki, the author
of Ramayana.
The author of the shorter version, the Laghu-Yogavasistha, is generally
considered to be Abhinanda of Kashmir.[11]
Structure[edit]
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The text exists in many editions of manuscripts with varying number of verses,
but similar message. The full editions contain over 29,000, [3] to a few with
32,000 verses,[5] and in some editions about 36,000 verses.[22] An abridged
version by Abhinanda of Kashmir (son of Jayanta Bhatta)
is Laghu ("Little") Yogavasistha and contains 6,000 verses.[5]
The verses of Yoga Vasistha are structured in the genre of ancient Indian
literature, called Grantha.[22] In this genre, each Shloka (verse) in the text is
designed to equal 32 syllables, while conveying its message. [22] A Grantha can
be sung and depending on its meter, set to specific Raga music. This genre is
found in Bhakti movement literature, and Yoga Vasistha's Advaita theories
and monism influenced the Grantha literature of Sikhism, whose primary
scripture is called Guru Granth Sahib.[23]
The Yoga-vasistha is throughout a philosophical work, in the form of popular
lectures, and the same idea is often repeated again and again in various kinds
of expressions and poetical imagery. But the writer seems to have been
endowed with extraordinary poetical gifts. Almost every verse is full of finest
poetical imagery; the choice of words is exceedingly pleasing to the ear.
Book 1: titled Vairagya-prakaranam (Exposition of
dispassion), which opens with Rama frustrated with
the nature of life, human suffering and disdain for
the world.[8][26]
Book 2: titled Mumukshuvayahara-
prakaranam (Exposition of the behavior of the
seeker), which describes, through the character of
Rama, the desire for liberation, the nature of those
who seek such liberation, and the need for self-
effort in all spiritual pursuits.[8][27]
Book 3: titled Utpatti-prakaranam (Exposition of the
arising and birth), describes the birth of all creation
as well as the birth of spiritual side of Rama.[28]
Book 4: titled Sthiti-prakaranam (Exposition of the
existence and settling), describes the nature of
world and many non-dualism ideas with numerous
stories.[8][29] It emphasizes free will and human
creative power.[8][9]
Book 5: titled Upashama-prakaranam (Exposition of
the patience and tranquility), discusses meditation
to dissolution of false dualism, to feel oneness and
its powers in liberating the individual.[8][30]
Book 6: titled Nirvana-prakaranam (Exposition of
the freedom and liberation), the last book describes
the state of an enlightened and blissful Rama.[8]
[31]
The last book also has large sections on Yoga.[32]
The Nirnaya Sagar version of Yoga Vasistha manuscript has 1146 verses in
the first Book, 807 in second, 6304 verses in third, 2414 verses in the fourth
book, 4322 in the fifth, while the last is longest with 14,296 verses, for a
cumulative total of 29,289 verses.[33]
Content[edit]
See also: Contents and stories of the Yoga Vasistha
Gentle enquiry
You should either through yourself, or the aid of the exalted ones, be ceaselessly engaged in the pursuit of this
gentle enquiry,
Who am I? What is this universe?
It is this true enquiry alone that generates Jnana (knowledge).
—Yoga Vasistha[34]
This is one of the longest Hindu texts in Sanskrit after the Mahabharata, and
an important text of Yoga. It consists of numerous short stories and
anecdotes used to help illustrate its ideas and message. The text shows the
influence of Advaita Vedanta and Saivite Trika school.[35] In terms of Hindu
mythology, the conversation in the Yoga Vasishta is placed chronologically
before the Ramayana.
The traditional belief is that reading this book leads to spiritual liberation. The
conversation between Vasistha and Prince Rama is that between a great,
enlightened sage and a seeker of liberation. [36] The text discusses
consciousness, cosmology, nature of the universe and consciousness, the
ultimate dissolution of body, the liberation of the soul and the non-dual nature
of existence.[36]
On Human Intellect[edit]
The Yoga Vāsiṣṭha states the following on the credibility of the provider and
seeker of knowledge through these magnificent words.
'Even a young boy's words are to be accepted if they are words of wisdom,
else, reject it like straw even if uttered by Brahmā the creator.' [37]
Commentaries[edit]
The following traditional Sanskrit commentaries on the Yoga Vasistha are
extant:[24]
Vāsiṣṭha-rāmāyaṇa-candrikā by
Advayāraṇya (son of Narahari)
Tātparya prakāśa by ānanda Bodhendra
Sarasvatī
Bhāṣya by Gaṅgādharendra
Pada candrikā by Mādhava Sarasvatī
Influence[edit]
The text, states David Gordon White, has served as
a reference on Yoga for medieval era Advaita
Vedanta scholars.[4] The Yoga Vasistha, adds
White, was one of the popular texts on Yoga that
dominated the Indian Yoga culture scene before the
12th-century.[4]
Indian thinker Vinayak Damodar Savarkar has
praised Yoga Vasistha in his autobiography "My
Transportation For Life":[55]
Vasishtasudha - Yogavasishtasaram is a
translation and commentary in Malayalam by
Professor G Balakrishnan Nair[59]
Persian[edit]
A painting from the Persian translation of
Yoga Vasistha manuscript, 1602
The Yoga-Vásishtha-Mahárámáyana of
Válmiki, Translated by Vihārilāla Mitra (1891-
1899), OCLC 6953699
The Yoga-Vasishtha Maharamayana of
Valmiki in 4 vols. in 7 pts. (bound in 4).
Translated by Vihari-Lala Mitra. Reprinted in
LPP (Low Price Publications), New Delhi,
1999. ISBN 81-7536-179-4 (set)
Excerpts[edit]
This section needs expansion. You
can help by adding to it. (July
2022)
See also[edit]
Valmiki
Vasistha
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up
to:a b Encyclopaedia of
Indian Literature,
Volume 5. pp. 4638, By
various, Published by
Sahitya Akademi,
1992, ISBN 81-260-
1221-8, ISBN 978-81-
260-1221-3
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Leslie
2003, pp. 104
3. ^ Jump up
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1984, pp. ix–x
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c White,
David Gordon
(2014). The "Yoga Sutra
of Patanjali": A
Biography. Princeton
University Press.
pp. xvi–xvii,
51. ISBN 978-
0691143774.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Leslie
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6. ^ Chapple 1984, p. x
7. ^ Chapple 1984, p. xi
8. ^ Jump up
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9. ^ Jump up
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Dasgupta, A History of
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0521047791, pages
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10. ^ The Concise Yoga
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Albany: State University
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1984. pp. 51, 77, 87,
121, 147, 180, 188, 306,
315, 354, 410. ISBN 0-
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11. ^ Jump up
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1984, pp. ix-x with
footnote 3
12. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
Laghu Yoga Vasistha,
Theosophical Publishing
House, Original Author:
Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
0835674973, page 5
13. ^ G Watts Cunningham
(1948), How Far to the
Land of Yoga? An
Experiment in
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14. ^ F Chenet (1987),
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longer and shorter
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pages 107-116.
18. ^ Jump up
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19. ^ Slaje, Walter. (2005).
"Locating the
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107
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23. ^ Opinder jit Kaur
Takhar (2005), Sikh
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652021, page 145
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Dasgupta (1932,
Reprinted in 1978), A
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231-232
25. ^ Chapple 1984, pp. xv
26. ^ The Concise Yoga
Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by
Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 1–22. ISBN 0-
87395-955-8.
27. ^ The Concise Yoga
Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by
Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 23–
36. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
28. ^ The Concise Yoga
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Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 37–
116. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
29. ^ The Concise Yoga
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Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 117–
158. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
30. ^ The Concise Yoga
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Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 159–
256. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
31. ^ The Concise Yoga
Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by
Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 257–
419. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
32. ^ The Concise Yoga
Vāsiṣṭha. Translated by
Venkatesananda, S.
Albany: State University
of New York Press.
1984. pp. 414–
419. ISBN 0-87395-955-
8.
33. ^ Chapple 1984, pp. xii
footnote 8
34. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
Laghu Yoga Vasishta,
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House, Original Author:
Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
0835674973, page 501
35. ^ Chapple 1984, pp. x–
xi
36. ^ Jump up to:a b Chapple
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37. ^ Venkatesananda,
Swami (2010-03-
18). Vasistha's Yoga.
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1-4384-2284-8.
38. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
Laghu Yoga Vasishta,
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House, Original Author:
Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
0835674973, pages 43
with footnotes, 108-109,
381-384
39. ^ Sama Sanskrit
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Germany
40. ^ Uparati Sanskrit
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Germany
41. ^ Titiksha Sanskrit
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Germany
42. ^ Samdhana Sanskrit
English Dictionary,
Koeln University,
Germany
43. ^ zraddha Sanskrit
English Dictionary,
Koeln University,
Germany
44. ^ Swami
Venkatesananda
(1993), Vasistha's Yoga,
SUNY Press, ISBN 978-
0791413647, page 528
45. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
Laghu Yoga Vasishta,
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Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
0835674973, pages
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46. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e KN
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48. ^ Jump up to:a b KN
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466-467
49. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
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Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
0835674973, pages
332-333
50. ^ Vihari Lal Mitra (1993
Reprint), Yoga-
vásishtha-
mahárámáyana of
Válmiki at Google
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51. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
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Abhinanda, ISBN 978-
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52. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
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0835674973, page 118
53. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
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0835674973, pages
286-287
54. ^ KN Aiyer (1975),
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55. ^ Savarkar, Vinayak
D. "My Transportation
for Life" p. 151
56. ^ Friesen 2006, p. 95–
100.
57. ^ Yogavasishta,
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58. ^ Sri Vidya
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60. ^ Juan R.I. Cole in Iran
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23
61. ^ Baha'u'llah on
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Sources[edit]
Chapple, Christopher
(1984). "Introduction". The
Concise Yoga Vāsiṣṭha.
Translated
by Venkatesananda, Swami.
Albany: State University of
New York Press. ISBN 0-
87395-955-8. OCLC 110448
69.
Friesen, J. Glenn
(2006), Ramana Maharshi:
Hindu and non-Hindu
Interpretations of a
Jivanmukta
Leslie, Julia
(2003). Authority and
meaning in Indian religions:
Hinduism and the case of
Vālmīki. Ashgate Publishing,
Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3431-0.
Further reading[edit]
Chapple, Christopher Key;
Chakrabarti, Arindam
(2015). Engaged
Emancipation: Mind, Morals,
and Make-Believe in the
Moksopaya (Yogavasistha).
State University of New York
Press,
Albany. ISBN 1438458681.
Yoga-vásishtha-
mahárámáyana of
Válmiki at Google Books By
Vihari Lal Mitra (1891), First
Translation
PDF of Hindi Yoga Vasistha
PDF of Marathi Yoga
Vasistha
External links[edit]
The Yoga-Vasistha of Valmi
ki with Vasistha
Maharamayana - Tatparya
Prakasa - The complete
Sanskrit scripture in 2 parts,
at archive.org
Yoga Vasistha translated by
Swami
Venkatesananda (The
Supreme Yoga) -archive.org
Excerpts of Yoga Vasistha
with illustrations
Yoga Vasistha Audio Book
(listen online or download
audio files free)
Jog Bashisht - Persian
Translation of Yoga Vasistha
Yoga Vasistha in Sanskrit -
Sanskrit verses of Yoga
Vasistha at Wikisource
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