Unit-2: Computer Network- Part-4

Syllabus Covered:
 Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup
Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser,
Web Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java Script, PHP) and Server side
(ASP, JSP, PHP), Web 2.0 (for social networking)
 E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile banking, payment apps and services.

Introduction to Web services:

1. WWW stands for World Wide Web.
World Wide web is an interconnection of web documents stored on web servers and are accessed
using HTTP protocol.

2. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

It is designed to format and display web page data. HTML document has extension .htm or .html
It has pre-defined tags. HTML is not case sensitive.

3. XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language

It is designed to carry or store the data. It has file extension .xml. It does not have pre-defined tags
i.e. user can create and define new tags as per need. XML is case sensitive.

4. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

It is a communication protocol for the transferring hypertext (text, audio, video and graphics) files
between client and host computers on the World Wide Web (Internet).
5. Domain/Host Names
Domain names are unique address of a website ending with
extensions .edu, .com, .org, .gov, .net , .nic etc.
For Example: http://cbse.nic.in
Thttp://funbrain.com
www.tcdavbabrala.org

6. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator

It is a unique address of a resource (web page) available on web server / internet. It consists of four
parts- Protocol, Domain / Host name, Directory and Resource / File name.
For Example: http:// www.funbrain.com /quiz/grade3/quiz.htm
http://cbsc.nic.in/exam/result.asp
Here in in the first example:
http - Protocol
funbrain.com - Domain name
quiz & grade3 - Directory
quiz.htm - Resource/File name
Note: URL may or may not have directory.

7. Website
Website is a collection of web pages related to an organisation or individual stored on web server.
Each website has a unique address known as Web address.

8. Web Page
Web Page is a single document of a website that can be viewed in a Web browser. It may be static or
dynamic web page. Static webpage generally has .htm or .html extension whereas dynamic webpage
has extension .php, .asp or .jsp

9. Web Browser
Web Browser is a client application software used for accessing web resources and display on the
World Wide Web (Internet).
Example: Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer etc.
Note: Mozilla Firefox & Google Chrome are open source and commonly used Web
Browsers.
10. Web Server
Web Server is a computer or group of computers connected to internet on which millions of web
pages are stored. These are called www server that responds to the requests made by Web Browser.

11. Web Hosting

Web hosting is the process of uploading / saving the web contents on a web server to make it
available on World Wide Web.

12. Web Scripting

The process of creating and embedding scripts in a web page is known as Web Scripting.

Types of Scripts:
1. Client-side Scripts:
Client-side scripts supports user’s interaction within a webpage. Contents on these
webpages change in response to mouse click or keystroke.
Client-Side Scripting Languages are- VBScript, JavaScript, PHP

2. Server-side Scripts:
Server-side scripting supports execution at server end. Such pages display the current time,
date, submission forms, shopping carts, etc.
Server-side scripting Languages are- ASP, JSP, PHP

Note: ASP stands for Active Server Page

JSP stands for Java Server Page
PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor
 13. Web 2.0
Web 2.0 refers to new generation of dynamic and interactive websites. These websites are created
using a language called AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. In such websites only the part
which is updated is reloaded thus it makes the website interactive.

Applications areas of Web 2.0:

Social Networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn), Blogs, wikis and Online Gaming
sites, YouTube etc.

E-commerce Payment Transactions

An E-commerce payment system (or an electronic payment system) facilitates the acceptance of
electronic payment for online transactions. E-commerce payment systems have become increasingly
popular due to the widespread use of the internet-based shopping and banking.

Advantages:

1. Electronic payment has revolutionized the business processing by reducing the paperwork,
transaction costs, and labour cost.
2. It helps business organization to expand its market reach / expansion

Modes of E-commerce payments

 Online banking
 Mobile banking
 Payment apps
 Credit Card
 Debit Card
 Smart Card

Online banking
Online banking, also known as internet banking or net banking, is an electronic payment system that
enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial
transactions through the financial institution's website.

Mobile banking
Mobile banking is a service provided by a bank or other financial institution that allows its customers to
conduct financial transactions remotely using a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet.
OR
Mobile banking refers to the use of a smartphone or other cellular device to perform online
banking tasks while away from your home computer, such as monitoring account balances,
transferring funds between accounts, bill payment and locating an ATM.
Advantages of Online banking and Mobile banking
 24x7 hours transaction service availability
 Instant transfer of money
 Easy to pay bills and transfer your funds between accounts within world.
 You do not have to stand in a queue i.e. saves time

Disadvantages:
 Understanding the usage of internet banking might be difficult at the first.
 You cannot have access to online banking / mobile banking if you don’t have an internet
connection.
 Security of transactions is a big issue. Your account information might get hacked by
unauthorized people over the internet.
 If the bank’s server is down, then you cannot access your accounts.

Popular online payment apps 
 Paytm
 Google Pay
 Jio Money
 Amazon Pay
 Phone Pe
 Freecharge
 Airtel Money
 BHIM app
 Mobikwik

1. Paytm 
Paytm is one of the Indian e-commerce payment system and a financial technology company whose
headquarters is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Paytm is available in 11 Indian languages

Services offered:
It offers various online services like mobile recharges, bill payments, travel, movies, and events bookings
as well as in-store payments at grocery stores, fruits and vegetable shops, restaurants, parking, tolls,
pharmacies and educational institutions with the Paytm QR code.

2. Google Pay
Google Pay is a mobile payment app for Business payment. It allows users to make payments via
their Android-compatible devices. Google Pay charges no transaction fees for bank transfers or debit
cards.

Services offered:
It stores gift cards, e-tickets, and boarding passes. Also allows accepting payments via Tez Mode, QR
code.
3. Jio Money
JioMoney is an Indian digital wallet app launched by Reliance Ltd. It is a semi-closed prepaid wallet. 

Services Offered:
It offers various online services like mobile-based transactions at physical stores, instant bill payments,
Jio mobile/DTH recharge. You can also link your cards and bank accounts with JioMoney.

4. Amazon Pay
Amazon Pay is an online payment service that makes checkout on your site fast and secure for
hundreds of millions of Amazon customers around the world.  It is the fast, easy and safe way
to pay online and on mobile.

Services Offered:
It offers various online services like food orders, Movie & entertainment booking, bill payments,
booking travel tickets, shopping etc.

5. Phone Pe
PhonePe Private Limited or PhonePe is an Indian e-commerce payment system and digital
wallet company headquartered in Bangalore, India. It was the first payment app built on Unified
Payments Interface (UPI). The PhonePe app is available in over 11 Indian languages.

Services offered:
Using PhonePe, users can send and receive money, DTH, recharge mobile, data cards, make utility
payments, buy gold and shop online and offline. In addition PhonePe also allows users to
book Ola rides, pay for Redbus tickets, and avail Goibibo Flight and Hotel services.

6. FreeCharge
Freecharge is an Indian digital marketplace for financial services based in Gurugram, Haryana, India.

Services Offered:
It offers various online services like utility bills payment such as Electricity, Gas, Landline bills or
recharge Mobile, Broadband, DTH and Metro cards, instantly send or receive money. In addition,
 FreeCharge powered by Axis Bank enables the users to invest in mutual funds and get easy credit
through FreeCharge EMI.

7. Airtel Payments Bank

It is a public limited company with its headquarters in New Delhi, India.  It is the first company in India to
receive a payments bank license from the Reserve Bank of India 

Services Offered:
Airtel Payments Bank, one of the trusted payment banks in India, provides best offers on prepaid
recharge and bill payments.

8. BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money)

BHIM is a mobile payment App developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI),
based on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). Named after B. R. Ambedkar and launched on 30
December 2016.

Services offered:
It is intended to facilitate e-payments directly through banks as part of the 2016 Indian banknote
demonetisation and drive towards cashless transactions. The app supports Immediate Payment
Service (IMPS) and allows the user to instantly transfer money between bank accounts of any two
parties.