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1 The diagram shows an ice-hockey player moving on ice. He is preparing to hit the solid disc called
a puck.

The disc of mass 0.16 kg is moving horizontally across the surface of the ice at a speed of 15 m / s.

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the disc.

magnitude of momentum = .............................................. [2]

(b) The hockey player strikes the disc with his hockey stick and the momentum of the disc changes.
The disc gains momentum of 3.0 kg m / s at 45° to the original direction of travel of the disc, as
shown in the diagram.

(view from above)

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(i) State the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the disc and the direction, in degrees,
of the impulse relative to the original direction of travel.

magnitude of impulse = ...... ..............................................

direction of impulse: ........................... ° to original direction [1]

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the new momentum of the disc and its new direction relative
to the original direction of travel by drawing a scale diagram.

magnitude of new momentum = ............ ...........................

direction of new momentum: ........................... ° to original direction [4]

[Total: 7]
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2 The diagram shows a uniform rod of wood suspended from a pivot.

(not to scale)

The rod is held stationary by a horizontal force F acting as shown.

The angle between the rod and the vertical is increased.

State whether the force F needed to hold the rod stationary must be increased, decreased or stay
the same.
Explain your answer.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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3 An aeroplane of mass 2.5 × 10 kg lands with a speed of 62 m / s, on a horizontal runway
at time t = 0. The aeroplane decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line
until it reaches a speed of 6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.

(a) Calculate the deceleration of the aeroplane in the 35 s after it lands.

deceleration = .............................................. [2]

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(b) Calculate the resultant force acting on the aeroplane as it decelerates.

force = .............................................. [2]

(c) Calculate the momentum of the aeroplane when its speed is 6.0 m / s.

momentum = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 6]

4 The diagram shows a submarine. The submarine is fully submerged in the sea.

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The density of sea water is 1020 kg / m .

The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the total pressure on the top surface of the submarine
is 500 kPa.

Calculate the depth of the top surface of the submarine below the surface of the sea.

depth = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

5 The diagram shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to
generate electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown.
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The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each second is
7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each second is 240 J.

(a) The kinetic energy of the air drives a generator. State the input power of the air passing through
the turbine blades.

input power = .............................................. [1]

(b) The output current of the generator is 2.0 A. The output potential difference (p.d.) of the generator
is 11 V.

(i) Calculate the output power of the generator.

output power = .............................................. [2]

(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the wind turbine.

efficiency = .............................................. % [2]

[Total: 5]
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6 A chest expander is a piece of equipment used by athletes in a gym. The diagram shows a chest
expander that consists of five identical springs connected in parallel between two handles.

Two athletes are stretching the chest expander by pulling on the two handles in opposite directions.

The springs obey Hooke’s law.

Explain what is meant by this statement.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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7 The diagram shows a shower that takes in cold water. The water passes through an electric water
heater and emerges from the showerhead at a higher temperature.

The power of the heater is 9000 W.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C). The initial temperature of the cold water is
16 °C.

Determine the maximum mass of water that can be heated to a temperature of 35 °C in 1.0 s.

mass = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

8 The diagram shows a small submarine submerged below the surface of the sea.
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The submarine emits a pulse of sound to detect other objects in the sea. The speed of sound in
sea water is 1500 m / s. An echo is received with a time delay of 0.50 s after the original sound is
emitted.

(a) Calculate the distance between the submarine and the other object.

distance = .............................................. [3]

(b) Another pulse of sound is emitted through the air when the submarine is on the surface.

An echo is received from a second object that is in the air. This echo is received 0.50 s after
the pulse of sound is emitted.

Compare the distance of the second object from the submarine with the distance calculated
in (a). Tick one box. Give a reason for your answer.

distance is smaller

distance is the same

distance is larger

Reason ........................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 4]

9 The diagram shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.
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0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.

(a) The brakes of the model are released.

State and explain the direction of the acceleration of the model.

Statement .........................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) In (a) the model contains a water tank, which is initially full.

State and explain any change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration if the brakes are first
released when the tank is nearly empty.

Statement .........................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]