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1 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.

Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.

block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor

Both blocks are lifted at the same steady speed. The blocks are then held at a height of 3.0 m.

An engineer determines the power output of the motor.

State the three measurements that the engineer needs to determine the power output of the motor.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................

3. .............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

battery

electric motor
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When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

(a) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy = .............................................. J [3]

(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.

Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.

time = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

3 A sample of sand has a mass of 95 kg. The specific heat capacity of the sand is 1500 J / (kg °C).

The initial temperature of the sample of sand is 7.0 °C. The sample of sand is heated using an
electrical heater. The power of the heating element is 50 W.

Calculate the time taken to increase the temperature of the sand to 19.0 °C.

time = ..................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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4 Here are descriptions of four situations.

Indicate the situations in which work is done.

Put a tick (✓) in each correct box.

A child is sitting at the top of the stairs.

A picture is hanging on a wall.

A student is stretching a spring.

A person is moving a chair.

[1]

[Total: 1]
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5 The diagram shows a shower that takes in cold water. The water passes through an electric water
heater and emerges from the showerhead at a higher temperature.

The power of the heater is 9000 W.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C). The initial temperature of the cold water is
16 °C.

Determine the maximum mass of water that can be heated to a temperature of 35 °C in 1.0 s.

mass = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
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6 The diagram shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.

The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity of
900 J / (kg °C).

In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.

Calculate the power of the heater.

power = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

7 Gas of mass 0.23 g is trapped in a cylinder by a piston. The gas is at atmospheric pressure which
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is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The diagram shows the piston held in position by a catch.

–4 3
The volume of the trapped gas is 1.9 × 10 m.

An electrical heater is used to increase the temperature of the trapped gas by 550 °C.
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(a) The specific heat capacity of the gas is 0.72 J / (g °C).

Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of the trapped gas by 550 °C.

energy = .............................................. [2]

(b) The power of the heater is 2.4 W.

Calculate how long it takes for the heater to supply the energy calculated in (a).

time = .............................................. [2]

(c) In practice, it takes much longer to increase the temperature of the gas by 550 °C using the
heater.

Suggest one reason for this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]
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8 The diagram shows apparatus used by a student to measure the specific heat capacity of iron.

The current in the heater is 3.8 A and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 12 V. The iron block
has a mass of 2.0 kg. When the heater is switched on for 10 minutes, the temperature of the block
rises from 25 °C to 55 °C.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

specific heat capacity = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

9 An electric train is initially at rest at a railway station. The motor causes a constant force of 360 000 N
to act on the train and the train begins to move.

The train travels a distance of 4.0 km along a straight, horizontal track.

(a) Calculate the work done on the train during this part of the journey.

work done = ....................................................... [2]

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(b) The mass of the train is 450 000 kg.

Calculate the maximum possible speed of the train at the end of the first 4.0 km of the journey.

maximum possible speed = ....................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]