Complex Engineering Problem

EE371 Electromagnetic Field

Theory
Submitted by:

Muhammad No l Siddiqui - 2019355

Areesh Khurshid - 2019301

Muhammad Ahmed - 2019282

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Introduction
Capacitance, property of an electric conductor, or set of conductors, that is
measured by the amount of separated electric charge that can be stored on
it per unit change in electrical potential. Capacitance also implies an
associated storage of electrical  energy. If electric charge is transferred
between two initially uncharged conductors, both become equally charged,
one positively, the other negatively, and a potential di erence is established
between them. The capacitance C is the ratio of the amount of charge q on
either conductor to the potential di erence  V  between the conductors, or
simply 

Q
C=

V
For irregular shapes, it is best to calculate capacitance in terms of
Capacitance per unit length, as capacitance is directly proportional to length
of the conductor.

Problem
To calculate the capacitance per unit length of the mentioned shape, certain
assertions were made. An arbitrary object was designed with the dimensions
as shown and was analysed using Electromagnetic eld theories.

C A

Full View
Cross Section

The equation to solve the circuit was derived using Gauss Law, which states
that  the electric ux across any closed surface is proportional to the net
electric charge enclosed by the surface. Taking the external eld electric eld
intensity of a surface into account, the tangential component of the eld is
zero, otherwise a tangential force would be applied to the elements of the
surface charge, resulting in their motion and non static conditions.

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To solve the problem, we rst calculated charge enclosed in the surface
using Gauss law using the following equation:

∯
D . da = Q

We then made Electric Field Density D the subject of the equation for future
use.

Then we made the following substitution in the equation:

D = εE

E = D/ε

Following this analysis, Electric eld Intensity was calculated.

Next we calculated Potential using the following equation:

∫
V = E . dL

All calculations are shown in the page attached at the end.

The capacitance is independent of the potential and total charge, for their
ratio is constant. If the charge density is increased by a factor of N, Gauss’s
law indicates that the electric ux density or electric eld intensity also
increases by N, as does the potential di erence. The capacitance is a
function only of the physical dimensions of the system of conductors and of
the permittivity of the homogeneous dielectric. Capacitance is measured in
farads (F), where a farad is de ned as one coulomb per volt. Common values

of capacitance are apt to be very small fractions of a farad, and

consequently more practical units are the microfarad (F), the nanofarad (nF),
and the picofarad (pF).

Results
Using the above mentioned calculations, Capacitance per unit length of the
mentioned shape was calculated.

C 2Π
=

L 1
Ln(b/a) + ε Ln(c/b)

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Conclusion
The coaxial cable has a capacitance as a result of the gap between inner
conductor and outer shield of the cable. The capacitance value varies with
the spacing of the conductors, the dielectric constant, and the impedance of
the cable.

After performing the calculations, we have proved that the Electric eld
inside a Vacuum is zero, and that it the Electric eld of a conductor is radially
outward.

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