PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH 3

POINTERS TO REVIEW

LESSON 1
History of Dance-

It closely follows the development of human race. Since the earliest times of our existence, far before the
creation of first modern civilizations, dance served as an irreplaceable way of expressing human thought and
emotions. As our civilization traveled through millennia, dance was modified to the point of being popular
means of expression, health communication and competition.

Dance is a series of movements that follow the speed and rhythm of a piece of music. It is one of the most
beautiful forms of art that has grown in leaps and bounds.

Features of Dance
• Music
• Movement
• Theme
• Technique
• Design
• Properties and Costume

PREHISTORIC PAST-Dance has been a major form of RELIGIOUS RITUAL and SOCIAL EXPRESSION
• Used as a way of REINFORCING TRIBAL UNITY and STRENGTH
• FIRST USED GESTURE COMMUNICATE
PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA- REAL KNOWLEDGE of dance came about.
• Dance became FULL BLOWN and was RICHLY RECORDED in ANCIENT EGYPT.
• Reflected in WALL PAINTINGS, RELIEFS, and LITERARY RECORD IN HIEROGLYPHS
• Most of the dances was form as a medium
• of RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION
ANCIENT GREEKS-
• DANCING was taught as an MILITARY EDUCATION
• Also a form of ENTERTAINMENT and DISPLAY
• GREEK PHILOSOPHERS such as PLATO, ARISTOTLE AND SOCRATES supported this art as an integration of
the body and soul.
• Plato highlighted two kinds of dance:
noble(fine and hOnorable), ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly)
ANCIENT ROME-
LESS IMPORTANCE in dancing
• STOPPED VALUING such qualities of art
 • Dance became BRUTAL and SENSATIONALIZED as their entertainers was SLAVES and CAPTIVES
• Dance became integral part of corruption
• Resulting in their condemnation by
the early Christians
CATHOLIC CHURCH
• There is a TRANSFORMATION in the HISTORY OF DANCE
• THEATRICAL ENTERTAINMENT was PROHIBITED;
• But dance STILL EXIST in the RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES
• Dance became part of WORSHIP
and CHURCH SERVICES

DARK AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES

• Marked the beginning of SOCIAL DANCING
• Peasant performed ROUND DANCE AND COUPLE DANCE
• Peasant dance on GRASS; nobleman dance in smooth floor or wood or polished marble called
“BALLROOM”
EARLY REINASSANCE----Dance wholly accepted in the court.

15th & 16th Centuries-----Rise of BALLET in ITALY and FRANCE

Dance forms have been WIDELY RECOGNIZED WORLDWIDE.
(Kraus and Gaufman, 1981)

Dance mainly for four

Reasons:
a. to please gods;
b. to please others
c. to please themselves or self expression
d. to build community within ethnic
group or social interaction
(Myers,2005)

Nature of DANCE in the Philippines

• Occupational Dance- depict the lifestyle and daily work of the people living in various topographies. •
Religious/Ceremonial Dance- it is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles, where the
purpose is ceremonial or ritualistic.

• Comic Dance- Funny movements for entertainment.

• Game Dance- Done with play elements

• Wedding Dance- Performed during wedding feasts.

• Festival Dance- are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by a community
of people sharing the same culture may be religious or secular in nature. • War Dance- Show imagery comba
BENEFITS OF DANCE
Physical Benefits-
Develops cardiovascular and muscular endurance
 Improves coordination, balance, flexibility, and body composition
 Lowers risk of cardiovascular diseases
 Lowers body mass index
 Improves lipid metabolism
 Helps improve and maintain bone density, thus helps prevent osteoporosis
MENTAL/ EMOTIONAL BENEFITS
 Helps keep the brain sharp
 Decreases incidence of dementia and Alzheimer’s diseases
 Decreases Depressive Symptoms
 Increase self-esteem
 Aids in releasing emotional
and physical tension
SOCIAL BENEFITS
 Gives sense of togetherness within the group
 Encourages positive social interaction and interpersonal relationship in a group
 Contributes to the individual’s potential for self-actualization in society

CULTURAL VALUES
*Promotes cultural values
* Provide an overall community feeling of well-being and togetherness. The motivation imparted to its pupils
by a competent school of dance, provides self-discipline which shows itself in a variety of socially beneficial
ways
* this is our way to tell other people on what are the things that they need to know about our culture. It is
also the way that other people could have respect, knowledge and give importance to our traditions and
norms

ELEMENTS OF DANCE
BODY- PARTS OF THE BODY, PATTERNS, BODY SYSTEMS, BODY SHAPE, INNERSELF, INITIATTION , WHOLE
BODY
*symmetrical- --balanced shape
*asymmetrical--- unbalanced shape
ENERGY-tension, attack, force, qualities, weight, flow
Collapsing movement: Movement that is characterized by a relaxed release into gravity, resulting
in a folding or curling of the body downward. TO suddenly lose force
and energy.
Percussive movement: A movement quality that begins with a strong sharp impetus, expends
energy in spurts,small or large explosions, stops suddenly at any point and then
may start again. For example, the percussiverhythmic bang of a jackhammer,
popcorn in a popcorn popper or the sporadic burst of explosions in a display
offireworks.
Suspended movement: A movement that results when the initial force is expended for an instant
and a momentary stillness in space is achieved.
Sustained movement: A movement quality that is characterized by an even flow of energy resulting
in motion thatis ongoing and smooth. The initial impetus of energy creates an
accent and the resultant movement quality carriesa smooth and seamless
nature.

Swinging movement: A movement quality that is characterized by a reaction to the force of gravity.
A lifted bodypart releases and drops along a curved path. Energy is added to the
momentum of the drop to carry the body partupward on an arc where it suspends
before returning on a downward path.
Vibratory movement: A movement quality that results when extreme tension is applie

SPACE—pathway, size, direction, focus, relationships

*low
*medium
*high
TIME—rhythmic pattern, accent, beat, tempo, speed, timing relationships
 LESSON 2
Philippine Folk Dance
Folk dance - The oldest form of dance and the earliest form of communication.
- The traditional dance of a given country which evolved naturally and spontaneously with everyday
activities.
- It is handed down from generation to generation.
- It has more or less a fixed movement in their pattern but may differ in various areas or provinces.

Classification of folk dance - We have 8 classification of folk dance.

 Occupational dance - Depicting action of certain occupation, industry, or human labor.

Example: Mananagat

 Religious/Ceremonal dance - Performed in connection with religious vows and ceremonies.

Example: Subli

 Comic Dance - Depicting funny movements for entertainment

Example: Kinoton

 Game dance - With play elements

Example: Kadang-kadang

 Wedding dance - Performed during wedding feast.

Example: Pantomina

 Courtship dance - Depicting love making

Example: Kuratsa

 Festival dance - Suitable for special occasion or any social gatherings

Example: Panagbenga festival

 War dance - Showing imaginary combat or duel.

Fundamental positions
- Five hand positions
- Five feet positions
- These are the positions that can help us to make another step.

1st fundamental position

o Hand - Both arms raised in a circle in front of chest with the finger tips about an inch apart. 
o Feet - Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees

2nd fundamental position

o Hand - Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level.
o Feet - Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance.

3rd fundamental position

o Hand - One arm raised in front as in 2nd position; other arm raised upward
 o Feet - Heel of one foot close to in-step of the other foot.

4th fundamental position

o Hand - One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised overhead.
o Feet - One foot in front of the other foot of a pace distance.

5th fundamental position

o Hand - Both arms raised overhead.
o Feet - One foot in front of the other foot of a pace distance.

Philippine Folk dance (dance terms)

 Abrasete – girl at the right side, holds R arm of partner with her L hand, free hands down at the side.
 Arms in Reverse T – arms are side horizontal, elbows bent right angles, forearms parallel to head, palms
forward of facing inward, fists loosely closed.
 Brush – weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball or heel of the other foot (the free foot after which
that foot id lifted from the floor to any direction.
 Clockwise – R shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle. When facing center, the movement is
toward the left.
 Counterclockwise – L shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle. When facing center, the
movement is toward the right.
 Cut – to displace quickly one foot with the other, thus completely taking off the weight of the body from
the displaced foot.
 Hand on waist – place hands on the waist line.
 Hapay – to flourish of offer a handkerchief, hat or glass of wine to somebody as a sign of invitation.
 Hayon-hayon – to place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist.
 Hop – a spring from one-foot landing on the same foot in the place or in any direction.
 Kumintang – moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
 Salok – to swig the arm downward-upward passing in front of the body as if scooping.
 Saludo – partners bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers or to the neighbors with feet
together.
 Sarok – cross the R in front of the L, bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands (forearms) down
in front with the R hand (forarm) over the L.
 LESSON 3
CARIÑOSA

Cariῆosa - It is a courtship dance that portrays acts of flirtation between a man and a woman.
- The word “Cariῆosa” means Affectionate, Amiable or Lovable.

 Fan and handkerchief – The two instruments or props usually used in dancing the Cariῆosa.
 Maria Clara – Kind of dance does Cariῆosa being originated
 Maria Clara suit and Barong Tagalog – Costume in Cariῆosa Dance
 Saludo – The step that partner bow to each other.
 Francisca Reyes- Aquino - Mother of Philippine Folkdance

The 8 Figures of Cariñosa

 Three Steps and Point – First figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Pointing – Second figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Back to Back– Third figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Hide and Seek with Fan – Fourth figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Kneeling and Fanning – Fifth figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Hide and Seek with Handkercief – Sixth figure in in Cariῆosa Dance
 Flirting with Handkerchief– Seventh figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 Flirting – Eighth figure in Cariῆosa Dance
 LESSON 4
Pointers to Review in Contemporary Dance
Modern dance - was developed in the early 1900’s the time when dancers came out against the stiffness and
restraints of classical ballet. It involves the use of many dance steps that are unusual and often interpret a
dancer’s emotions and mood.
Contemporary - Contemporary Dance can be describe as a mix between various styles of dance. It combines
the technical elements of jazz and ballet with fluidity and expression of modern dance.
Contemporary dance

 The name “Contemporary Dance” describes a range of techniques and styles used in classes,
workshops and dance choreography.
 It was developed in the 20th century as a recreation against the rigid techniques of ballet.
 Pioneers such as Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham searched for ease of movement using the
body’s natural lines and energy, allowing a greater range and fluidity of the movement that
typical and traditional dance techniques.

Isadora Duncan - she is the first European performance took place in London 16 March 1900 and the mother
of Modern Dance.

Merce Cunningham - American Modern Dancer and Choreographer who developed new forms of abstract
dance movement and the Father of Contemporary Dance.
Martha Graham - influential American dancer, teacher, and choreographer of modern dance whose ballets and
other works were intended to “reveal the inner man.” and she was the mother of Contemporary Dance.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE
Theme - most basic elements of dance. It conveys the message of dance.
Design - pattern of movements in time and space.
Movement - bodily actions of the dancer that included his steps.
Technique - the skill of movement executed by the dancer.
Music - the auditory background to which a dancer moves.
Costume and Body Paraphernalia - Properties worn by the dancer that help reflect the message, customs and
beliefs.

TYPES OF DANCES
1. FOLK DANCE/ ETHNIC DANCE - Social dances that portray the beliefs, interests, habits, customs, and
practices of the native.
2. BALLROOM DANCES - Dances of public entertainment, usually performed in pairs in ballrooms, nightclubs,
auditoriums or in public places.
 3. THEATRICAL DANCES - Performed for the entertainment of the audience in a theater.

THE BIG NAMES IN PHILIPPINE DANCE

ALICE REYES

 National Artist for Dance (2014)

 she has made a lasting impact on the development and promotion of
contemporary dance in the Philippines. Her dance legacy is evident in the
dance companies, teachers, choreographers and the exciting Filipino modern
dance repertoire of our country today.

LIZA TERESITA PACHECO MACUJA-ELIZALDA

 Founder of Ballet Manila

 Ballet Manila has reached its 20th years. In 1984 she was recognized in Europe and
become a Prima Ballerina of Kirov Ballet, in Leningrad.

Douglas Nierras

 In Jazz, he is the most prominent and has more than two decades of involvement
in dance through choreography, pedagogy, and production.
 He is famous for his Metanoia, in which he collaborated with Ryan Cayabyab to
create – minute ballet set.

GOODLUCK AND GOD BLESS ALWAYS