WEEK 1: PE 112: RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

 Rhythmic Activity- creates a comprehensive and harmonious development by body mobility and
rhythmic interpretation. The body is the instrument.
 Dance- is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement
with the accompaniment of music.
 Dance music- is a musical composition or specific accompaniment in dancing. It is a music that will be
used for specific dance performances.
 The Elements of Dance are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that help students develop
movement skills and understand dance as creative practice.
 The acronym BASTE helps students remember the elements:
 Body- What’s getting used to performing a movement? Parts, Shapes, Balance, Relationship
 Action- Specific movement
 Space- Where is movement perform?
 Place: self-space/general space (also called personal/shared)
 Size: big/small, near/far
 Level: high, middle, low
 Direction: forward, backward, right, left, up, down, diagonal
 Pathway: curved, straight, zig zag
 Focus: single, focus, or multi focus
 Time- When is movement Perform?
 Speed: Fast or Slow
 Rhythm: beat, pattern, tempo
 Energy- How movement is Perform? Impact of movement. This framework may be a thanks to
discuss any reasonably movement. While different dance styles require specialized skills and
stylization choices, the underlying elements of dance are visible all told dance experiences.

Types of Dances:

1. Folk Dance
2. Festival Dance
3. Modern/Pop Dance
4. Social/Ballroom Dance
5. Interpretative Dance
6. Ethnic/Tribal Dance

WEEK 2: Five Fundamental Dance Positions:

Kanan kamay, kaliwang paa (opposite)

ARMS

FIRST POSITION- raise your arms into a circle in front of your chest. Your hands should be aligned in front
of your chest with both arms slightly curved, and your fingertips should be at least 1 inch apart.
SECOND POSITION- For the second position, open your arms sideward at shoulder level.

THIRD POSITION- One arm is raised above your head, while the other arm maintains the second position.
The arm that was raised should be slightly curved as well.

FOURTH POSITION- the arm in the second position would be raised forward in front of your chest again,
similar to how it was in the first position. The arm that is lifted above your head will still maintain its
position.

FIFTH POSITION- both arms should be lifted above your head, slightly curving. The posture is similar to
that of the first position but raised above the head instead.

FEET

FIRST POSITION- form a V-shape with your feet by bringing your heels together to touch while keeping
your toes away from each other.

SECOND POSITION- move one foot sideward. Your feet should be parallel to each other while maintaining
a distance of about 12 inches.

THIRD POSITION- bring your foot’s heel to touch the arch of your other foot, with both feet turned
outward.

FOURTH POSITION-put your foot forward while the other foot still retains its position. The distance
between the two feet should be about 12 inches.

FIFTH POSITION- bring the heel of the foot in front to touch the toe of the other. Both feet should still be
pointing outward.

WEEK 3: Classification of Philippine Folk Dances

Dance- a form of expression of oneself through rhythmic movement

Folk Dance

- May be a dance developed by those that reflect the lifetime of the people of a particular country
or region

Philippine Folk Dance

- The history of Philippine social dancing incorporates influences from immigrants and conquerors
while at the identical time maintaining distinctly Filipino roots
- Philippine social dancing could be a true reflection of existence in past centuries while enchanting
modern audiences at the identical time
5 Major Classifications of Philippine Folk Dances

1. Cordillera Dances (1-3)

There are six Igorot ethnolinguistic tribes living in Luzon’s mountain terrains: the Bontoc,
Ifugao, Benguet, Apayo, & Kalinga tribes, which retained much of their anito religions.
Their lives are centered appeasing their gods and maintaining a harmonious relationship
between spirits and man.
Dances are usually linked to rituals for a decent harvest, health, peace, and safety in war.
A people whose way of life existed long before
Gongs, ganza, symbols of living
Examples: Bontoc- “Pattong”, Kalinga- “Banga”, Ragragsakan, Idaw, Idudu, Uya uy

Bontoc- “Pattong” Kalinga- “Banga”

2. Spanish Influence Dance (1)

Nearly 400 years of Spanish rule left an unremovable mark on the Philippines. Spain brought
with all aspects of their culture to the islands. This includes the Catholic faith, clothing, and
dance. The barong tagalog and also the terno are Philippine interpretations of Spanish dress
made to suit the humid climate of the Philippines. Other than creating their own version of
European fashion, Philippine aristocrats created Filipino adaptations of European dance
moreover.
Dances reflects socialities to the Christianity, and stringed music of European art and the
rondalla culture
Jotas, fandangos, mazurkas, waltzes
Danced by the young ones
Examples: “Jota” (Jota Bal and Jota Manilena), “Habanera”, Estudiantina, Mazurka
Boholana, Mazurka Mindorena, Lanceros, Rigodon, Carinosa, Maria Clara Dance
 “Jota” “Habanera”

3. Muslim Mindanao
The moro people are the assorted usually unrelated Muslim Filipino ethnic groups. Most of
their dances are marked by intricate hand and arm movements, among instruments like the
agong and kulintang. Dances reflect rituals and other celebrations that show their daily
lifestyle.
Influenced by Malay, Javanese & Middle Eastern Traders (Islam)
Mysticism, royalty, and beauty
Uses intricate hand & arm movement
The fingers express feelings & emotions
Uses shimmering costumes
Examples: Maranao- “Singkil”, Tausug- “Pangalay”, Fan Dance, Palafer, Janggay, Katsu
Buratan, Kinakulangan

Maranao- “Singkil” Tausug- “Pangalay”

4. Tribal Dance
Runs the concept from worship dances to courtship and wedding dances. A particular type
is that the wide assortment of mimetic dances within which movements try to mimic, as an
 example, the flight of birds, the catching of fish, the making of wine, and other aspects of
indigenous living.
Intricate craftsmanship in metal, clothing, and jewelry
Reflects rituals & animals, belief in “spirits” & shamans,
Also known as Ethnic nature- “anito” dances; Ethnic minorities
Animal sounds, found in different parts of human singing, the Philippines (T'boli, Bilaan,
Manobo, Bagobo, indigenous materials etc.)
Examples: T’boli- “Madal Tahaw”, Manobo- “Bangkakaw”, Dugso, Kadal Tahu, Pagdiwata

T’boli- “Madal Tahaw” Manobo- “Bangkakaw”

5. Rural/Barrio Dance
Commonly a type of dance that classifies the movements through occupational and festival
dances. It refers to the dance in Tagalog/Luzon and Visayas region
Shows gaiety & laughter, festivities
Performed in fiestas to honor patron saints give homage to the barrios namesake for a good
harvest, health, and indigenous materials
Reflects the simple life of perseverance the people in
the barrio
Depicts common work, clapping, rondalla, daily activities of the percussion peasants
instruments
Examples: “Maglalatik”, “Oasioas”, Pandangguhan, Subli, Tinikling, Itik itik,, Sayaw sa
bangko, Bulaklakan
 “Maglalatik” “Oasioas”

WEEK 4: TWO FORMS OF MOVEMENT

 LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS- These are done by moving the body from one place to another
1. WALKING- is shifting one’s weight from one foot to the other
2. RUNNING- is moving with longer strides and in faster speed than walking
3. HOPPING- is springing on one foot and landing on the same foot
4. SKIPPING- is done with a step and a hop using the same foot
5. JUMPING- is springing on one foot or both feet and landing on both feet. (on landing always
bend knees slightly.)
6. LEAPING- is springing on one foot and landing on the other foot (wide stride)
7. SLIDING- is done by gliding on the floor, sideward or forward using the right and left foot
alternately
8. GALLOPING- is stepping on one foot and cutting the other, either sideward or forward.
9. JOGGING- running at slow pace

 NON-LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT- or AXIAL MOVEMENT are done in place.

1. BENDING OR FLEXING- is moving the muscles around a joint where two body parts meet.
(squat)
2. STRETCHING OR EXTENDING- is done by straightening or extending any part of the body from
the joints.
3. LIFTING OR RAISING- is elevating a part of the body, usually for the arms and legs.
4. TWISTING- is moving a part of the body around a long axis, usually for the head and body.
5. ROTATING OR ENCIRCLING- is done by moving a part of the body around axis.
6. SWINGING- is a pendular movement below an axis
7. SWAYING- is a pendular movement above an axis.
 WEEK 5: BASIC DANCE STEPS

2/4 TIME SIGNATURE DANCE STEPS

NAME OF DANCE STEP STEP PATTERN COUNTINGS

1. Touch step Point, close / A. Point R foot in 1, 2
front (ct. 1), step R close L foot (ct.
2).
B. Hop on L and point R in front
(ct. 1), with a spring reverse the
position of the feet (ct. 2). This is
taking the step in one count.
2. Bleking step Heel place, close 1, 2
3. Close step Step, close 1, 2
4. Step-Hop / Hop step Step R foot forward (ct. 1), hop on 1, 2
the same foot and raise the L foot in
front or in rear (ct. 2).
5. Slide step (Chasse) Slide, close 1, 2
6. Cross step Step, cross or cross, step 1, 2
7. Change step Step, close, step 1 and 2
8. Heel And Toe Change step Heel and Toe Step, close, step 1, 2, 1 and 2
9. Cross Change step Cross-step, close, step 1 and 2
10. Contraganza step Leap, cross-step, step 1 and 2
11. Plain Polka Step, close, step, pause 1 and 2 and
12. Hop Polka Hop-step, close, step, pause 1 and 2 and
13. Mincing Steps Step, step, step, step (and so on) 1 and 2 and
14. Shuffling Steps Slide, slide, slide, slide (and so on) 1 and 2 and or 1, ah, and, ah,
(tiny sliding steps) 2, ah, and, ah
15. Chasing Steps Step, close, step, close (and so on) 1 and 2 and
16. Pivot Turn Step right foot in front, slightly 1 and 2 and
bent, and take a quarter turn
17. Rocking Step Fall onto L foot forward and raise R 1, 2
foot in rear (ct. 1), fall onto R foot
backward and raise L foot in front
(ct. 2). The body is inclined slightly
forward and backward in a rocking
motion.
18. Skip Step The movements are the same as in 1, ah, 2, ah
step-hop, but done in one count
only. Step on R (ct. 1) and hop on R
(ct. ah). There are two skip steps in
one measure. This may be executed
in any direction.
19. Step-Swing-Hop Step R foot sideward (ct. 1), swing 1, 2
the L foot across the R in front and
hop on the R at the same time (ct.
2).
20. Step-Swing Step R foot sideward (ct. 1), swing 1, 2
the L foot across the R in front (ct.

21. Step-Point
3/4 TIME SIGNATURE DANCE STEPS
NAME OF DANCE STEP
1. Native Waltz / Waltz Step
2. Cross Waltz
3. Waltz Balance
4. Mazurka step
5. Redoba step
6. Sway Balance with a Point
7. Sway Balance with a Raise
8. Sway Balance with a Brush
9. Sway Balance with a Hop
10. Bleking Step
2). This may be executed in any
direction.
Step R foot sideward (ct. 1), point L 1, 2
in front or obliquely L forward (ct.
2).
STEP PATTERN COUNTINGS
Step, close, step / Step R sideward 1, 2, 3
(ct. 1) then close L to R
(ct. 2) and step R in place (ct. 3)
Cross-step, close, step / Step R 1, 2, 3
across L in front and raise slightly
the L foot across in rear (ct. 1), step
L close to R in third in rear (ct. 2),
step R forward (ct. 3). There is a
slight bending of the knees on ct. 1.
Step on the ball of the rear foot on
ct. 2. This step is usually done in
forward or sideward direction.
Step, close, heel-raise, heels-down / 1, 2, 3
Step R foot forward (ct. 1), close L
to R in third in rear or in first
position and raise both heels (ct. 2),
lower heels with the weight of the
body on the R foot (ct. 3). This may
be done in any direction.
Slide, cut, hop / Slide R foot 1, 2, 3
sideward (ct. 1), cut R sideward
with the L foot (ct. 2), hop on L and
bring the R foot in front or in rear
of the L ankle (ct. 3). This is done
with one foot leading and usually in
a sideward or forward direction.
Slide, cut, cut / Slide R diagonally 1, 2, 3
forward (ct. 1), cut R
with L (ct. 2) and cut L with R (ct.
3).
Step (obliquely forward), cross- 1, 2, 3
step, step, point
Step (obliquely forward), cross- 1, 2, 3
step, step, raise
Step (obliquely forward), cross- 1, 2, 3
step, step, brush
Step (obliquely forward), cross- 1, 2, 3
step, step, hop
Place R heel in front (cts. 1, 2) step 1, 2, 3
R close to L foot (ct. 3). This is
 taking three counts for each
movement.
11. Shuffling Steps Shuffling steps are tiny sliding 1, and, 2, and, 3 and / 1, ah,
steps forward on the balls of the and, ah, 2, ah, and, ah, 3 ah,
feet. Execute as many steps as and, ah
necessary.
12. Varsovienne Step Slide R foot diagonally forward R 1, 2, 3
(ct. 1), step L close to R in third in
rear or in first position (ct. 2), step
R sideward (ct. 3). Point L foot in
front (cts. 1, 2, 3). Bend the body
toward the pointing foot.
13. Step-swing-hop Step R in any direction swing L (ct. 1, 2, 3
1), across R in front (ct. 2) and hop
on R (ct. 3).
14. Step-hop Step R foot forward (cts. 1, 2), hop 1, 2, 3
on the same foot and raise the L
foot in front or in rear (cts. 3). This
may be done in any direction.
15. Step-point Step R foot sideward (cts. 1, 2), 1, 2, 3
point L in front or obliquely L
forward (ct. 3). This step may be
done in all directions.
16. Step-Swing A. Step R foot sideward (ct. 1), 1, 2, 3
swing the L foot across the R in
front (cts. 2, 3).
B. Step R foot sideward (cts. 1, 2),
swing the L foot across the R in
front (ct. 3).
17. Touch step A. Point R foot in front (cts. 1, 2), 1, 2, 3
step R close to L (ct. 3).
B. Point R foot in front (ct. 1), step
R close to L (cts. 2, 3).

SOURCE: https://www.slideshare.net/selectedforeignfolkdances/c-1-lesson-2

WEEK 7
Social Dance
- Social dance is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles, where
sociability and socializing are the primary focuses of the dancing.
- Social dances can be danced with a variety of partners and still be led and followed in a
relaxed, easy atmosphere.

Ballroom Dancing
- Ballroom dance may be a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed both socially and
competitively around the world.
 - Thanks to its performance and entertainment aspects, social dancing is additionally
widely enjoyed on stage, film, and TV.
- It springs from the word “ball” which successively originates from the Latin word
ballare, which suggests “to dance” (a ball-room being an outsized room specially
designed for such dances)
- In times past, social dancing was dance for the privileged, leaving social dancing for the
lower classes. These boundaries have since become blurred.

Two classifications of social dancing:

 Latin/Rhythm dances
- Commonly danced to contemporary Latin American music and (in case of jive) Western
music.
- With the exception of some travelling dances like samba and pasodoble, couples don’t
follow the road of dance but perform their routines more or less in one spot.
- In competitions, the ladies are often wearing short-skirted Latin outfits while the lads are
outfitted in tight-fitting shirts and pants, the goal being to emphasize the dancers’ leg
action and body movements.
- EXAMPLE: Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Jive, Swing, Pasodoble, etc.

 Modern Standard/Standard/Smooth dances

- Are normally danced to Western music (often from the mid-twentieth century), and
couples dance counter-clockwise around an oblong floor following the road of
dance.
- In competitions, competitors are costumed as would be appropriate for a white tie affair,
with full gowns for the women and necktie and tailcoats for the lads; though in American
Smooth, it’s now conventional for the men to abandon the tail suit in favor of shorter
tuxedos, vests, and other creative outfits.
- EXAMPLE: Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Quick Steps, etc.

Dance Position Illustration

Side by Side Position
 Closed Position

Star Position

Butterfly Position

Varsovienne Position

Benefits of Ballroom Dancing

 Uplifting and Fun
 Muscle Toning
 Strengthen Bones and Joints
 Flexibility
 Conditioning
 Endurance
 Social Connectivity
 Creative Outlet
  Burns Fat
 Brain Food

Summary:
The social origin of social dancing lies within the European court dances of the 17th and 18th
centuries, although many of the dance steps were adapted from folk traditions. Initially, court
dances were performed facing the throne, a practice called "fronting the state," because it
absolutely was unacceptable to show one's back on a ruler. As court etiquette relaxed within the
19th century, however, dancers were required to face the ruler only on the foremost formal
occasions or once they were being presented to the court. Otherwise participants danced in a circle
or squares throughout the ballroom. Having knowledge in social dancing is additionally a style of
recreational activity that may enhance our good shape aspects of life.

Examples of Latin Dance

1. Cha-cha-cha
- Cha Cha is derived from two other dances, it is a derivative of
the Mambo (Mambo is the name of a voodoo priestess) through
its Latin music and it is also a stepchild of Swing (Lindy, as it is
danced with a triple step and a break).

- Emerging from Cuban origins, the cha cha cha is named after the
shuffling of its dancers’ feet as they move across the floor. It can
either be danced to authentic Latin music, pop or rock. Ballroom
cha cha cha is danced to steady and energetic beats. In contrast,
the sensual and flowing traditional form of cha cha is controlled
by alternate bending and straightening of the dancer’s knees.

2. Jive
- Originating in the US, this dance was influence by the boogie,
rock “n” roll, African/American swing, and Lindy Hop.

- Jive is a type of swing with fast and free movements. This dance
is very fast and sparkling. Thus, it allows couples not only to
demonstrate technical skills, but also to show their physical
fitness.
3. Samba
- It is one of the five international Latin dances developed in
Brazil during the 19th century.

- Samba is a dance rich in history, and one that is known for the
joy it expresses. The traditional Brazilian Samba is a national
favorite each year at Rio’s Carnival Celebration. Both men and
women, each known as a Sambista, present the rhythmic
celebratory dance throughout the city during the festivities.

4. Paso Doble
- It originated in southern France. The dance is lively and dramatic
with long full steps and forceful movements.

- Paso Doble (Spanish for “two steps”) is a Spanish dance

imitating a bullfight. The partner represents the torero, and the
partner - his cloak (muleta), sometimes - the second torero, and
very rarely - the bull, as a rule, defeated by the final blow.

5. Rumba
- Considered the sexiest of the ballroom dances, the rumba tells
the story and passion between a strong man and a teasing
woman.

- It is commonly referred to as the grandfather of Latin dance. This

particular Latin dance is widely acknowledged as the most
sensuous.
Examples of Standard Dance

1. Foxtrot
- The foxtrot is a smooth, progressive dance characterized by
long, continuous flowing movements around the dance floor.

- The dancers’ rise and fall motions can be mistaken for the waltz;
however, the foxtrot is danced in a 4/4 time signature, while the
waltz is danced in a 3/4 time signature. Thus, the foxtrot has four
steps for each beat of music, with the first and third steps
accented.

2. Waltz (Slow)
- It is a smooth, progressive dance that travel around the line of
dance, characterized by its “rise and fall” action. It includes a
step, a slide, and a step in ¾ time. It is also considered by some
as “mother of present-day dances” and the “backbone dance” of
the ballroom.

3. Tango
- It is a sensual ballroom dance that originated in South America
during the early 20th century. The word “tango” may be an
African term for “close space” or “reserved ground,” or it may
be from the Latin verb tanguere which means “to touch.”
 4. Viennese waltz
- It is the first ballroom dance to be performed in the closed hold
position. It is danced about twice as fast as the waltz and is a
rotary dance where dancers are continually turning either in a
clockwise or counter clockwise direction and placing change
steps at interval shift direction of rotation.

5. Quick step
- It is an up-and-down, rise-and-fall swinging motion performed
at a fast pace. Distinctive quickstep steps include the following:
rise and fall, lock step, natural hairpin, running finish, outside
change, chasse, and hover corte. Music used for quickstep is
usually jazz or swing with a brisk tempo. It is a little faster than
brisk walking, although it seems much faster for beginners.

9 dances in ballroom dance

3 Basic Elements of Any dance

1. Box Step- Left- front, Right foot to right, Close, Changing weight, total of 6 steps
- Forward, side, close, Backward, side, close (WALTZ & RUMBA)
2. Triple Step- 1, 2, 3, change body weight at the last step, step on the side (POLKA)
3. Rock Step- left leg back, rocking back and front (put weight on the back, then putting weight on
the front) or side to side or front to back’

Rock Step + Triple Step + Rock Step= cha cha

Rock step + 2 Triple Step= Swing or Jive

Rock step back and front= Salsa & Mambo

By combining these steps, we can form a dance

It’s important to practice it with your partner because both partner should know how give space to
certain steps

A little more, a little advance

Malikot ung standard, more on hips and knees dapat.