Class-10 Connect To Class (Day-3) Subject-Chemistry

Learning Objectives:

❖ Types of chemical reactions

▪ Combination reaction
▪ Decomposition reaction
▪ Simple displacement reaction
▪ Double displacement reaction
▪ Oxidation and reduction reaction (redox reaction)

Today we will learn about Combination reaction and Thermal Decomposition reactions.

1.Combination Reaction or synthesis-The reaction in which two or more substances

combine to form a single substance, is called combination reaction.

For example: A+B AB

ACTIVITY(1.4)NCERT-Formation of Slaked Lime by the reaction of Calcium Oxide with

water.

• Take a small amount of Calcium Oxide or Quick Lime in a beaker.

• Slowly add water to it.
• Touch the beaker. Do you feel any change in temperature?

Observation: when water is added to Quick Lime (CaO) the reaction is highly exothermic
accompanied by a hissing sound. The beaker is found to be very hot.

CaO +H2O Ca(OH)2 + Heat

In this reaction, Calcium Oxide and water combine to form a single product, Calcium
Hydroxide.
 A solution of Slaked Lime produced in the above reaction is used for white
washing of walls. Calcium Hydroxide reacts slowly with Carbon Dioxide in the air to form
a layer of Calcium Carbonate on the walls. Calcium Carbonate is formed after two to
three days of white washing and gives a shiny finish on the walls.

Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

(Slaked lime) (Calcium Carbonate)

In activity 1.4, we also observed that a large amount of heat is evolved. This makes the
reaction mixture warm. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of
products are called exothermic chemical reactions.

Other examples of exothermic reactions are-

(i)Burning of natural gas- CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) +2H2O(g)

(ii)Do you know that cellular respiration is an exothermic process?

We all know that we need energy to stay alive. We get this energy from the food we eat.
During digestion, food is broken down into simpler substances. For example- rice,
potatoes and bread contain carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are broken down to
glucose. This glucose when combines with Oxygen in the cells of our body releases energy
(exothermic reaction) which is used for life activities. The name of this reaction is cellular
respiration.

C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) 6CO2 + H2O(l) +energy

(iii) The decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is also an example of

exothermic reaction.

Some more examples of combination reactions:

(i)Burning of coal- C(s)+O2 (g) CO2(g)

(ii)Formation of water from Hydrogen and Oxygen -2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

(iii)Burning of Magnesium ribbon-2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

2. Decomposition Reactions- The reactions in which a compound splits up into two or

more simpler substances, are known as decomposition reactions. The decomposition
reactions take place when the energy in the form of heat, electricity and light is supplied
which breaks the compound into simpler compounds.

For example-AB A+B

Note-Decomposition reactions are just opposite of Combination reactions.

ACITIVITY (1.5)- To study the decomposition of Ferrous Sulphate on heating.

• Take about 2 g Ferrous Sulphate crystals in a dry boiling tube.

• Note the colour of the Ferrous Sulphate crystals.
• Heat the boiling tube over the flame of a burner as shown in fig.
• Observe the colour of the crystals after heating.

CAUTION-While performing the

experiment keep the mouth of the test
tube away from yourself and from any
other individual.

OBSERVATIONS-Hydrated Ferrous
Sulphate crystals (FeSO4.7H2O) which is
green in colour lose their water of
crystallization when heated and form
anhydrous ferrous sulphate (FeSO4)
which is white in colour. On strong
heating Anhydrous Ferrous Sulphate decomposes to give Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3), Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2) and Sulphur Trioxide (SO3). Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) is a brown solid while the
gases SO2 and SO3 have the smell of burning Sulphur.

TYPES OF DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS:

• Thermal (Heat) Decomposition reactions

• Electrolytic Decomposition reactions (Electrolysis)
• Photo-Decomposition reactions (Photolysis)
(I) Thermal Decomposition reaction-When decomposition is carried out by heating
the reactants is called Thermal Decomposition.

ACTIVITY(1.6)-Thermal Decomposition of Lead Nitrate.

• Take 2 g of Lead Nitrate powder in a boiling tube.

 • Heat the boiling tube over the burner as shown in fig.

• What do you observe? Note down.

OBSERVATIONS-(i) The Lead Nitrate is white in colour and on heating it gives a yellow
residue of Lead Monoxide (PbO).

(ii)Brown fumes of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are evolved and also a colourless gas is evolved
which rekindles a glowing splinter. This gas is Oxygen (O2).

CONCLUSION- In the above reaction lead nitrate breaks down upon heating into three
compounds Lead Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide and Oxygen. So, it is a Thermal
Decomposition reaction.

Some more examples of Thermal Decomposition reactions:

(I)Decomposition of Limestone on heating-

(II) Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate on heating in the presence of Manganese

Dioxide as a catalyst-
NOTE- This reaction is used for the preparation of Oxygen in the laboratory. A catalyst is a
substance which increases the rate of reaction. However, a catalyst is not used up or
consumed during a reaction.

(III)Decomposition of Copper Nitrate on heating.

RECAPITULATION

1. Why green colour of Ferrous Sulphate changes to white on heating?

2. Why respiration is exothermic process?

3. Why Silver does not evolve Hydrogen on reacting with dil. Sulphuric acid?

4. Why the formation of Slaked Lime is an exothermic reaction?

5.Which white coloured compound when heated produces brown fumes?