Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Injuction
Injuction
6th Semester
1. Contents.
Table of Contents:............................................................................................................................2
1. Contents....................................................................................................................................2
2. Objective:.................................................................................................................................3
3. Equipment:...............................................................................................................................3
4. Process Condition.....................................................................................................................3
Material........................................................................................................................................3
Temp set of different zone...........................................................................................................3
5. Results and Discussion:............................................................................................................4
6. Conclusion:...............................................................................................................................4
2. Objective:
To study the preparation routes involved in the manufacturing of master batches for
commodity thermoplastics on a laboratory scale internal mixer.
To examine the effects of process variables (mixing time, mixing temperature, and
mixing speed) on polymer blend formation in a laboratory scale internal mixer.
3. Equipment:
Internal Mixer
Polymers are first broken down in an internal mixer where, in addition to the polymer, a
appetizer may also be added. This stage is essentially a polymer molecular weight reduction
phase. After initial breakdown of the polymer, carbon black, rubber chemicals, and oils can be
added to the polymer at intervals to complete the compound formulation. Polymer breakdown
and mixing generally occur at a high temperature, up to 180°C. Compounds may also be mixed
on open mills, but this takes considerably more time, batch weights are lower, and it is thus less
efficient than use of internal mixers.
Degree of breakdown with both types of equipment is dependent on the “friction ratio” or the
difference between the operating speeds of the front and back rolls (or rotors, for internal
mixers). In addition, clearance, conditions of the rotor surfaces, pressure, and speed influence
breakdown.
The mixing operation is designed to obtain uniform dispersion of all the compounding materials
in a formulation. For every batch there is a defined mix period, temperature, mill or mixing
speed, and sequence of material addition. Though the general guidelines on compound
preparation for both mill mixing and internal mixers are similar, mill mixing has been replaced
by internal mixers because of efficiency, automation, quality, and uniformity. For example,
internal mixers can be computer controlled, allowing monitoring of power consumption, mix
times, and batch drop temperatures and control of temperature gradients through a mixing
compound at any point in the mix cycle[2].
properties and satisfactory mixing. As the mixing time increases time for heat transfer and mass
transfer also increases. Proper temperature distribution will melt/soften the whole material and
the mass transfer is also better with increase in time to achieve magnificent mixing. By
increasing mixing speed shear rate increases which act more force on solid particles for
distribution and dispersion. By seeing with naked eye the sample with maximum mixing speed
and time shows well distribution of dye(color) no agglomerates have been seen their.
7. References:
1. J. W. Gooch, “Internal Mixer,” pp. 394–394, 2011, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-
8_6413.