Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

A LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMART HOME

1M.Sangeetha, 1T.
Karthick
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Technology
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur
2Tineshe Butsa, Information Technology,Harere Institute of Technology, Harare

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sensors and control systems to monitor a home,
Abstract- Smartphones and tablets nowadays and according to that adjust lighting and other
are becoming increasingly dominant, smart services of the home. The automated intelligent
home technology is becoming easier to use and home can provide a safer, more comfortable,
also more affordable. This paper generally and more economical home. The elementary
relates to developing a smart home with greater idea of smart home is to employ sensors and
scalability, operability, intelligence, cost- control systems to monitor a home, and
effective, reliability and security. accordingly adjust the various mechanisms that
provide heat, ventilation, lighting, and other
In the current market scenario, a lot of smart services. The automated intelligent home can
home devices are available like smart plugs, provide a safer, more comfortable, and more
smart switches that are generally operated economical home.
through Alexa or amazon echo. But most of the
products in the market are way too costly. In
this paper, we would discuss the security
features and will be using some common cheap II. LITERATURE SURVEY
chips to overall reduce the cost and
simultaneously provide a highly scalable, user-
This paper is written to implement a smart
friendly system that automates a house in all
home system with enhanced authorisation and
aspects.
security practices, considering the detailed
description of different technologies present
nowadays.
I. INTRODUCTION
This work is done by keeping in mind the
various smart home systems like central
controller-based smart home systems, context-
Smart home is the control of home devices from
aware smart home systems, Bluetooth-based
a common control point, where many things are
smart home systems, Short Messaging
completed every day usually automatically, the
Service-based smart home systems, Global
basic and a common task is turning on or off
System for Mobile communication or mobile-
certain devices, that can be done either remotely
based smart home systems, and Internet-based
or in close proximity. The popularity of wireless
smart home systems. The work is concluded
networks in the home has increased in recent
by giving future directions smart
years, and the advanced computer technology
home Security Research.
has made the personal digital device to
commonly communicate through the wireless
We are implementing an Internet-based smart
network. One of the possible applications are
home system as it is always a popular choice
wireless networks for smart homes. It can be as
among researchers. The Internet is easily
basic as reducing the brightness of lights with a
scalable and easily accessible when it comes to
remote control or it can be as complex as setting
access and use, and very popular as well as
up a network of various items in the house that
common as a communication method in
can be programmed using a main controller. The
today’s world.
elementary idea of smart homes is to employ

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Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
III. STUDY OF DIFFERENT SYSTEM
i. Bluetooth based Smart Home
Bluetooth is a short-ranged wireless
technology which is generally used to establish
communication between several different
devices for transferring of media or
instructions. It uses radio waves having short
wavelengths that cannot cover up large
distances(maximum 100m) It can be used to
connect devices. The work of N. Sriskanthan
et al. [6] shows the implementing smart home
using Bluetooth using a host controller, which
is implemented on a PC and connected to a
microcontroller-based sensor and device
controllers. It is proposed to make the
communication between devices possible. The
system allows multiple device controllers to be
connected to the host controller. In some ideal
conditions bluetooth has the highest upto some
100m range. Comparatively bluetooth
communication usually consumes higher
power, so the batteries of devices need to be
frequently recharged or replaced. Bluetooth
technology should only be used when there is
quick short lived communication with a very
small concern of security.
ii. Wi-fi Based Smart Home
Wireless-Fidelity which is popularly known as
Wifi uses radio waves for the transmission of
data. It provides high-speed internet and
network connections. It is a wireless medium
for communicating to different locations in the
house and connecting different devices. It can
be used in variety of specification which varies
with the purpose.
Equipment can be placed anywhere. No
unnecessary cords are required in your home.
There is no need for additional ethernet output
and it also provides a wide range and is more
efficient. Wi-fi is a popular choice among
people.
iii. Mobile-based Smart Home
Mobile-based smart homes are striking to
companies because of the fame of mobile
phones and GSM. The work of A. Alheraish
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ISSN No : 1006-7930
[3] proposes a smart home system using SMS.
This system detects the illegitimate invasions
at home and allows only legitimate users to
alter the passkey for the gate and control lights
in the house. The illegitimate invasions into
the home are identified by monitoring the state
of the home door which is done using sensors.
The work of U. Saeed et al. [4] also proposes
an SMS-based home automation system. In
this system an android application made to run
on the users mobile phone. Legitimate users
can log in to the application using their
username and password and remotely control
along with some of the functions from the list
of available user actions. The application will
send the required notification to the user.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
For the implementation of our prototype
model, firstly we had developed a mobile app
and tested it successfully. The prototype has
two parts. One is a mobile app to control and
the other is the appliance to be controlled like
the bulb, fans, etc. The mobile app consists of
the login page, which is done by mobile
number and OTP verification. Once we log in,
we can control the particular device, which is
associated with that user. It can add a device
by scanning a QR code associated with that
device. It can also send a notification when
there is a gas leak/smoke or an intruder. A
smart home is a system that controls and
establishes communication between various
devices of our house. The database is stored in
a firebase. The values from the sensors are
updated in the firebase through the code
written in Arduino ide. Mobile apps are
developed in android studio using java
language. The mobile app receives data from
firebase data and we can switch on/off devices
through an app that updates the value in
firebase and thus the sensors.
A. Components required
 ESP-32 Node MCU
 Relay Board
 Bread Board
 Magnetic Reed Sensor
 PIR sensor
 Jumper Wires
 MQ-2 Gas Sensor
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B. Circuit Composition
The PIR Sensor which is used in the detection
motion of living beings is connected to a
digital in-out pin of the ESP-32 node MCU
board. The board is powered up by an external
12V battery or can be connected to through the
mobile charging cable with a 12V adapter. The
home appliances are connected to the main
supply and the relay switch which in turn
connected to the digital output pin of the
board. All the other sensors such as magnetic
reed sensor, MQ-2 sensor, temperature sensor
is connected to the digital pin of the board.
Then the board is programmed to connect to
the wifi which enable mobile app to control
the appliances.
Fig. 1- circuit diagram
C. Working of Magnetic Reed Switch
A magnetic reed switch is a sensor hardware
that operates in presence of magnetic fields. It
was invented in 1936 by Bell Telephone
Laboratories. It consists of ferromagnetic
flexible metal which is placed inside a glass
tube. When there is no magnetic field the
contacts between the two metal strips remain
open and get closed whenever the magnetic
field is applied and when a field is removed
strips go to their original position
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ISSN No : 1006-7930
Fig. 2-Magnetic Reed Switch
D. Working of PIR Sensor
As the name suggests Passive Infrared Sensor
(PIR) is a sensor that measures the amount of
infrared radiation emitted from a body. Often
these sensors are used in the automation of the
lights or for security purposes. In our project,
it is implemented to fulfil the security aspects
of the project. The limitation of this sensor is
that it cannot tell what is being moved. The
major principle about the working is it detects
the infrared radiations which are emitted or
reflected by an object.
Fig. 3- PIR Sensor
Nowadays the automation system has become
a huge part of our lives in most of the homes
in this modern lifestyle. Various systems like
motion sensing, thermostat control ,RFID tags
identification, biometrics based identification,
IR technology, RF technology, and CCTV
security have become very common. There is
some advanced automation technology e.g.
users are recognized through their facial
features, biometrics with some keywords or
voice-controlled commands advising in daily
life chores is already implemented. In recent
times the popularity of residential automation
is growing quickly. With reference to ABI
Research [1], In 2017 there were around 8
million smart home systems installed in US,
Cisco CEO John Chambers predicts that the
market will be around $19 trillion by 2020 [2].
Presently there are various systems such as
RF-based remotes that can turn lights on and
off or a smart plug that can be controlled
through a smartphone or a tablet and it can
control various devices. Many companies
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worldwide are working on developing their
version of smart home technology. While
some companies are still researching to
develop their version of smart home
technology, or are ready with their initial
prototypes to be launched soon.
VI. CHALLENGES OF SMART HOME
AUTOMATION SYSTEM
The work of John J. Greichen [5] has
discussed some challenges of smart home
systems which are high manufacturing costs,
high development costs, high installation
costs, additional service and support costs,
lack of home automation standards, user’s
foreignness with technology. With the
progress of time and development in
technology leads to a considerable reduction in
device cost and size. All these aspects have
contributed to the admiration of electronic
devices today, so people are no longer
confused or unsure about the use of the
computer, mobiles, or tablets.
VII. CONCLUSION
Android is the world’s powerful mobile
platform open-source operating system to fit
easily whatever the functionality we had in our
mind. In this review we implemented a smart
home automation system at such a reasonable
price using some of the cost-effective devices
where security and authenticity were our top
most concerns. In this way it helps to
overcome many problems such as cost,
security and flexibility, etc. Also, it will
provide greater advantages like it decreases
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ISSN No : 1006-7930
our energy costs, it improves home security.
Also, it is very convenient to use and will
improve the comfort of our home.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] ABI Research on home automation
future: https://www.abiresearch.com/press/
15-million-homeautomation-systems-installed-
in-th
[2] Pew Research center:
http://www.pewInternet.org/2014/04/03/oldera
dults-and-technology-use/
[3] A. Alheraish, “Design and Implementation
of Home Automation System,” IEEE
Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.
50, no. 4, pp.1087-1092, Nov. 2004
[4] U. Saeed, S. Syed, S.Z. Qazi, N. Khan, A.
Khan and M. Babar, “Multi-advantage and
security-based home automation system,”
2010 UKSim European Symposium on
Computer Modeling and Simulation (EMS),
pp.7-11, Nov. 2010.
[5] Greichen and J.J., “Value-based home
automation or today's market,” IEEE
Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.
38, no. 3, pp.34-38, Aug. 1992
[6] N. Sriskanthan and F. Tan, A. Karande,
“Bluetooth based home automation system,”
Microprocessors and Microsystems, Elsevier,
vol. 26, pp. 281-289, 2002
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