Vitamin Vitamin
#A Model of Motivational Activities Need: #Achievement Motivation Characteristics of #Self-Disclosure :Process of revealing one’s
Internal deficiency ;causes.Drive: Energized those high in need for achievement-moderate
motivational state (e.g., hunger, thirst); risk takers -Avoid goals that are too easy or too
activates.Response: Action or series of actions hard-Complete difficult tasks-Earn better grades-
designed to attain a…Goal: Target of motivated Tend to excel in chosen occupations-Attribute
behavior Incentive Value: Goal’s appeal beyond success to ability; failure to insufficient effort-
its ability to fill a need More likely to renew efforts when they perform
#Sudden Death After strong emotional shock, poorly
#Promote Health Refusal Skills Training: Program
sympathetic system becomes too active.Results in that teaches young people how to resist pressures
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excessive stress Parasympathetic Rebound After to begin smoking-Life Skills Training: Teaches
shock, parasympathetic system overreacts-lowers stress reduction, self-protection, decision making,
blood pressure too much-Slows heart stop self-control, and social skills-Wellness: Positive
#Burnout Prolonged, stress can lead to burnout.- state of good health and well-being
Burnout: Job-related condition (usually in helping
professions) of physical, mental, and emotional #Defense Mechanisms: Habitual and
exhaustion. Has three aspects:-Emotional unconscious (in most cases) psychological
Exhaustion: Feel “used up” and “empty”-Cynicism processes designed to reduce anxiety-Work by
or detachment from others-Feeling of reduced avoiding, denying, or distorting sources of threat
personal accomplishment or anxiety-If used short term, can help us get
#Depression (Beck)You have a consistently through everyday situations-If used long term,
negative opinion of yourself-You engage in we may end up not living in reality-Protect
frequent self-criticism and self-blame-You place idealized self-image so we can live with ourselves
negative interpretations on events that usually #Normality takes into account 3 things:-
would not bother you-The future looks grim.You Subjective Discomfort: Feelings of discomfort,
can’t handle your responsibilities and feel unhappiness, or emotional distress-Statistical
overwhelmed.Suicide – Ideations-Gestures- Abnormality: Having extreme scores on some
Serious Attempts dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or
depression-Social Nonconformity: Disobeying
societal standards for normal conduct; usually
leads to destructive or self-destructive behavior
#Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Extreme
preoccupation with certain thoughts and
compulsive performance of certain behaviors-
Obsession: Recurring images or thoughts that a
person cannot prevent -Cause anxiety and
extreme discomfort-Enter into consciousness
against the person’s will-Most common: Being
dirty or wondering if you performed an action
(turned off the stove)
#Group Factors in Conformity Groupthink:
private thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and personal
history to others-Should be used cautiously and
sparingly by the therapist performing therapy-
May lead to countertransference in therapy
(when the therapist makes an unhealthy
connection to the client)-Reciprocity: Return in
kind; reciprocal exchange-Overdisclosure: Self-
disclosure that exceeds what is appropriate for a
relationship or social situation
#Compliance Bending to the requests of one
person who has little or no authority or social
power-Foot-in-the-Door Effect: A person who has
agreed to a small request is more likely later to
agree to a larger demand.
Obedience (Milgram) Conformity to the
demands of an authority #Conformity Bringing
one’s behavior into agreement with norms or the
behavior of others. #Social Influence Changes
in a person’s behavior induced by the actions of
another person. #Social Role: Patterns of
behavior expected of people in various social
positions #Social Comparison: Making
judgments about ourselves by comparing
ourselves to others (e.g., comparing our feelings
and abilities to those of other people) #Need to
Affiliate: Desire to associate with other people;
appears to be a basic human trait #Cultural
Relativity: Judgments are made relative to the
values of one’s culture #Insanity A legal term;
refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or to
be unaware of the consequences of one’s actions
Vitamin
Compulsion by decision makers to maintain
agreement, even at the cost of critical thinking-
Group Sanctions: Rewards and punishments
administered by groups to enforce conformity or
punish nonconformity-Unanimity: Unanimous
agreement
#Assertiveness Training Instruction in how to be
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self-assertive-Self-Assertion: Standing up for your
rights by speaking out on your behalf; direct,
honest expression of feelings and desires-
Aggression: Hurting another person or achieving
one’s goals at the expense of another person-
Attempting to get one’s way no matter what-No
regard for others’ feelings
Frustration: Negative emotional state that occurs
when one is prevented from reaching desired
goals. Conflicts A stressful condition that occurs
when a person must choose between
contradictory needs, desires, motives, or
demands Anxiety Feelings of tension,
uneasiness, apprehension, worry, and
vulnerability Depression State of feeling
despondent defined by feelings of powerlessness
and hopelessness Motivation Dynamics of
behavior that initiate, sustain, direct, and
terminate actions Emotions State characterized
by physiological arousal and changes in facial
expressions, gestures, posture, and subjective
feelings Body Language (Kinesics) Study of
communication through body movement
Subjective Well-Being (SWB): When people are
satisfied with their lives, have frequent positive
emotions, and have relatively few negative
emotions .