BS Iso 21925-1-2018

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
BSI Standards Publication
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers

for air distribution systems
Part 1: Mechanical dampers

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 21925‑1:2018.

It supersedes BS ISO 10294‑3:1999, BS ISO 10294‑1:1996+A1:2014,
BS ISO 10294‑2:1999 and BS ISO 10294‑4:2001+A1:2014, which
are withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee FSH/22/‑/4, Fire resistance tests for dampers, seals and
smoke extraction.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
© The British Standards Institution 2018
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018
ISBN 978 0 580 96556 2
ICS 13.220.50
Compliance with a B ritish Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations .
This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2018.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21925-1
First edition
2018‑11‑26
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers

for air distribution systems —
Part 1:
Mechanical dampers
Reference number
ISO 21925‑1:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2018, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principles of the test ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Test construction ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
6.1.1 Side to be tested............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 .2 D amp ers ins talled in b o th walls and flo o rs ........................................................................................... 13
6.1.3 Dampers installed within a structural opening ................................................................................. 13

6.1 .4 D amp ers mo unted o nto face o f wall o r flo o r. ....................................................................................... 13
6.1 .5 D amp ers remo te fro m wall o r flo o r ............................................................................................................. 13
6.1.6 Minimum separation between dampers .................................................................................................. 13

6.2 Size of specimen .................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
6.3 Thermal release mechanism .................................................................................................................................................... 15
6.4 Specimen installation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
6.5 Supporting construction .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
6.5.1 Principles ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
6.5.2 Recommended supporting constructions ............................................................................................... 16
6.6 Conditioning ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station....................................................... 17
8 Determination of leakage at ambient temperature ...................................................................................................... 18
9 Fire test........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
10 Classification and criteria ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
10.1 Number of tests required ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
11 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
12 Direct field o f application o f the test results ........................................................................................................................ 22
1 2 .1 S ize o f fire damp er ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
12.2 Fire dampers installed within structural openings .............................................................................................. 22

12.3 Fire dampers mounted onto the face of a wall ......................................................................................................... 22
1 2 .4 Fire damp ers remo te fro m a wall o r flo o r .................................................................................................................... 22
1 2 .5 S ep aratio n b etween fire damp ers and b etween fire damp ers and
construction elements ................................................................................................................................................................... 22

12.6 Supporting constructions ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
Annex A (informative) Historical background of the test methods ................................................................................... 24
Annex B (informative) Alternative thermal release mechanisms ....................................................................................... 27
Annex C (informative) Test of thermal release mechanisms .................................................................................................... 28
Annex D (informative) Reliability tests for thermal release mechanisms ................................................................. 37
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non‑governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any p atent rights identi fie d du ri ng the development o f the do c ument wi l l b e i n the I ntro duc tion and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an e xpla nation o f the volu ntar y natu re o f s ta nda rd s , the me an i ng of I S O s p e c i fic term s and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.
org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
This fi rs t e d ition o f ISO 21925‑1 cancels and replaces ISO 10294‑1:1996, ISO 10294‑2:1999,
ISO 10294‑3:1999 and ISO 10294‑4:2001, which have been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— integration of the requirements for mechanical dampers, which were published as four separate
parts in the former ISO 10294‑series, into a single document.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
Introduction
T he materi a l i n the former I S O 102 9 4 ‑ s erie s was u s e d to a s s e s s the fi re re s i s tance o f me cha nic a l fi re
dampers. The separate publications required multiple maintenance work and resources to keep them
current and up‑to‑date. By having the requirements in a single volume, ISO 21925‑1 is intended to
i mprove e ffic ienc y and to b e more u s er friend ly. I t i s a l s o antic ip ate d that a s i ngle volu me wi l l s er ve
the continued efforts to promote the alignment of the requirements contained in regional and national
s tandard s for te s ti ng fi re damp ers agai n s t th i s do c u ment.
ISO 10294‑1:1996 add re s s e d the s pre ad o f fi re a nd s moke i n bu i ld i ngs th rough venti l ation duc ts a nd
o ther op en i ngs i n fi re ‑ s ep arati ng wa l l s a nd flo ors .
ISO 10294‑2:1999 provide d cla s s i fic ation, c riteria and field o f appl ic ation for the te s t me tho d given i n
ISO 10294‑1:1996.
ISO 10294‑3:1999 provided a background to the test method and a rationale to the procedures and the
criteri a s ele c te d with re s p e c t to the te s ti ng o f fi re damp ers , a s given i n ISO 10294‑1:1996.
ISO 10294‑4:2001 provide d a te s t me tho d to eva luate the p er formance of fi re da mp er‑
operating mechanisms.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21925‑series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v

Th is page deliberately left blan k
BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21925-1:2018
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air

distribution systems —
Part 1:
Mechanical dampers
SAFETY WARNING — For suitable health precautions to be taken, the attention is drawn to the
possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be released while the test is being conducted.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination o f the resistance o f fire dampers to heat,
and for the evaluation o f their ability to prevent fire and smoke spreading from one fire compartment
to another through an air distribution system.
It is applicable to mechanical fire dampers. It is not intended to be used for dampers used only in smoke
control systems, for testing fire protection devices which only deal with air trans fer applications, or
for dampers used in suspended ceilings, as the installation of the damper and duct can have an adverse
effect on the performance of the suspended ceiling, requiring other methods of evaluation.
NOTE "Air trans fer" is a low‑pressure application through a fire separation door (or wall, floor) without any
connection to an air duct.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834‑1, Fire resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 5167‑7, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices — Part 7: Orifice plates,
nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes o f this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
test construction
complete test assembly, consisting of the separating element, damper and duct sections and penetration
seals (if any)
3.2
supporting construction
wall partition or floor into which the damper and duct section are installed for the test
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
3.3
separating element
wa l l , p ar tition or flo or i nto wh ich the da mp er a nd duc t a re i n s ta l le d i n the bu i ld i ng
3 .4
connecting duct
duct section between the damper or separating element and the measuring station
3.5
measuring station
e qu ipment con s i s ti ng o f pip e s ys tem with a n ori fice pl ate or venturi and an ai r flow s traightener (i f
any) , i n s ta l le d b e twe en the con ne c ti ng duc t and the e xhau s t e quipment to de term i ne the volume flow
rate of gases passing through the damper under test

3 .6
exhaus t equipment
equipment consisting of a fan and balancing or dilution dampers (if any), to apply and maintain the
underpressure in the connecting duct
3 .7
fi r e d a m p e r
mobile closure within a duct which is operated automatically or manually and is designed to prevent
the s pre ad o f fi re
3.8
actuating mechanism
<damper> mechanism, integral or directly associated with the damper which, when initiated by the
damper triggering device, causes the movable component of the damper to change from the "open" to
the "closed" position
3 .9
insulated damper
damp er wh ich s ati s fie s the i ntegrity, le a kage and i n s u l ation re qui rements o f th i s do c u ment
3 .10
uninsulated damper
damp er wh ich s ati s fie s the i ntegrity and le a kage re qu i rements o f th i s do c ument
3 .11
thermal release mechanism
s ys tem wh ich eva luate s the p arame ters o f temp eratu re i n the ai r flow o f the venti l ation duc t and
i n itiate s the clo s i ng o f the fi re da mp er b e fore a pre d ic te d th re shold l i m it i s re ache d
Note 1 to entry: The sensing element may be, for example, a fusible link, memory metal, frangible bulb or
electrical sensor.
3 .1 2
threshold limit
maximum operational temperature of the thermal release mechanism
4 Principles of the test
T he damp er with its fi xi ng device i s bui lt i nto, or attache d d i re c tly, or remo tely via a s e c tion o f duc ti ng ,
to a fi re ‑ s ep a rati ng bu i ld i ng element i n a man ner repre s entative o f go o d prac tice . Te s ts a re p er forme d
starting with the damper in the open position so as to expose the actuating mechanism of the damper
to furnace conditions. Temperature and integrity measurements are carried out in various parts of
the te s t con s truc tion du ri ng the te s t. T he tightne s s o f the da mp er s ys tem i s me a s ure d b y d i re c t flow
measurements whilst maintaining a constant pressure differential across the closed damper of 300 Pa.
For special applications, higher underpressures may be employed. The tightness of the damper in the
closed position is also measured at ambient temperature prior to the start of the furnace test.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
As the test conditions and tolerances for the beginning o f the fire test are not specified in detail, the fire
test enables only a limited assessment of the actuating mechanism to be carried out.
Annex A gives the historical background of the test.
5 Apparatus
The test apparatus specified in 5.1 to 5.8, including the instrumentation, shall be in accordance with
ISO 834‑1 except where specifically stated otherwise.
An example of a test arrangement is shown in Figure 1.
5.1 Furnace , capable o f achieving the heating and pressure conditions specified in ISO 834‑1.
5.2 Damper under test, attached to the connecting duct in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
5.3 Connecting duct, of all welded construction fabricated from (1,5 ± 0,1) mm thick steel with a
width and height appropriate to the size of the damper under test. The duct shall have a length of 2× the
diagonal dimension of the damper, up to a maximum of 2 m. The connecting duct shall be provided with
a gas‑tight observation port.
5.4 Measuring station , consisting o f an orifice plate, venturi, or other suitable device, an air flow
straightener (if required) and straight lengths of pipe sized in accordance with ISO 5167‑1 installed
between the connecting duct and the exhaust fan to determine the volume flow rate o f gases passing
through the damper under test. When testing dampers installed in floors, it is still possible to use the
measuring station horizontally. A suitable mounting detail is shown in Figure 2.
5.5 Exhaust fan system, capable o f controlling flow rates and maintaining a pressure di fference
between the connecting duct and the furnace, as required, when the damper is closed.
Regardless of what test pressure is chosen, the fan should be capable of achieving a 200 Pa pressure
difference higher than the test pressure difference chosen for the test.
Regulation of the 300 Pa (or higher pressure differential) may be by means of a dilution damper installed
just before the fan inlet. The pressure shall be controlled to within ±5 % of the required pressure. A
balancing damper shall be fitted at the outlet o f the fan to adjust the pressure range o f the systems to
suit the damper under test. A variable speed fan may be used instead of the dilution damper.
5.6 Instrumentation for measuring and recording the furnace temperature , in accordance with
ISO 834‑1. Locations of the furnace thermocouples for a number of different test arrangements are
shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
The gas temperature adjacent to the flow measuring device shall be measured by a 0,25 mm bare
wire thermocouple enclosed in a 6 mm diameter porcelain twin wall tube with its measuring junction
located at the centreline of the measuring duct and at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the
measuring duct downstream from the flow measuring device. A similar thermocouple shall be located
at the exit from the connecting duct plenum (see Figures 1 and 2). Alternative thermocouples may be
used provided it can be shown that they have equivalent response time.
5.7 Instrumentation for measuring and recording surface temperature , in accordance

with ISO 834‑1.
It shall be located, depending on the method of mounting the damper selected, in the positions shown in
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
5 .8 Instrumentation for measuring pressure differential between the furnace and the
connecting duct .
A pressure tapping shall be located on the centreline of one vertical side wall of the connecting duct.
Instrumentation shall have a 300 Pa measurement capacity higher than the test pressure chosen for the
test. Instrumentation shall also be provided for measuring the pressure difference between inside and
outside (ambient) of the furnace.
5 .9 Timing device , capable of running throughout the test period.
5 .1 0Gap gauges and cotton pad , according to ISO 834‑1, to judge the integrity of the joints between
the damper and its connecting duct and the damper assembly and the supporting construction of the test
arrangement.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 supporting construction (wall)
2 2× diagonal (to a maximum of 2 m)
3 pressure sensor (on centreline)
4 observation port
5 o rifice p late o r venturi
6 pressure differential (300 Pa)
7 pressure differential control box
8 pressure sensor in laboratory
9 pressure control dilution damper
10 pneumatic actuator or manual control
11 balancing damper
12 fan
13 flexib le co nnecting duct
14 support
15 thermocouple
16 support
17 flo w s traightener
18 flange
19 support
20 thermocouple at exit from plenum
21 connecting duct
22 test damper
23 furnace chamber
24 pressure sensor (on centreline of damper)
25 dis tance: thermo co up le to o rifice p late = 2 d
Figure 1 — Example of general test arrangement

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 dimension equal to the diameter of the measuring station
2 pressure sensor
3 pressure differential (300 Pa)
4 pressure sensor in laboratory
5 pressure differential control box
6 pressure control dilution damper
7 balancing damper
8 fan
9 pneumatic actuator or manual control
10 flexib le co nnecting duct
11 dis tance: thermo co up le to o rifice p late = 2 d
12 thermocouple
13 support
14 o rifice p late o r venturi
15 flange
16 connecting duct
17 thermocouple at exit from plenum
18 flow s traightener
19 support
20 s up p o rting co ns tructio n {flo o r)
21 furnace chamber
22 test damper
23 pressure sensor
24 2× diagonal (to a maximum of 2 m)
F i g u r e 2 — E x a m p l e o f
a n a l t e r n a t i ve a r r a n g e m e n t w h e n t e s t i n g d a m p e r s i n f l o o r s

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 supporting construction
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 connecting angle
6 length " L " to b e s p ecified by damp er manu facturer
7 infill material, p rovided it is neces s ary
8 damper
9 insulated ductwork
10 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
Ts, T1 , T2 unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
Figure 3 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in an insulated duct

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 furnace
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 connecting angle
6 infill material, p rovided it is neces s ary
7 damper
L length to b e s p ecified by damp er manu facturer
Ts , T1 , T2 unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
Figure 4 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in a non-insulated duct

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 furnace
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 damper
Figure 5 — Damper mounted onto face of supporting construction within the furnace

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
2 support
3 connecting duct
4 damper
5 connecting angle
6 furnace
Figure 6 — Damper mounted onto face of supporting construction outside the furnace

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 furnace
2 flo o r fo r examp le
3 suitable attachment as in practice

4 insulation, provided it is necessary
5 insulated duct
7 support
8 connecting duct
9 connecting angle
10 damper
Figure 7 — Damper mounted remote from the supporting construction and within the
furnace chamber

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 furnace
3 damper insulation, provided it is necessary
4 damper
5 support
6 connecting duct
7 connecting angle
8 connecting angle
9 insulated duct
Li length of insulation where insulation is necessary

Figure 8 — Damper mounted remote from the supporting construction and outside the
furnace chamber
6 Test construction
6.1 General
The test construction shall contain all construction details relevant for test results. Only a maximum of
two dampers may be tested at one time.
6.1.1 Side to be tested

Where dampers are asymmetrical, they shall be tested from both sides, as it is probably not possible to
determine which side will give the worse result. Symmetrical dampers need only be tested from one

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
side. For the purposes of determining whether a damper is symmetrical, the presence of the actuating
mechanism can be ignored. However, in such a case, the damper shall be installed so that the actuating
mechanism is on the side away from the furnace, as this is considered to be the more onerous condition
because, as it will be further from the furnace, the time to its operation will be consequently longer.
If testing is carried out from one side only (i.e. one specimen) the reason for this shall be clearly stated
in the report.
6 . 1 . 2 D a m p e r s i n s ta l l e d i n b o th wa l l s a n d fl o o r s
Dampers which are to be employed in both walls and floors shall be tested in both orientations, unless
it can be demonstrated that one is more onerous.
6.1 .3 Dampers installed within a structural opening
Dampers to be positioned within a structural opening shall be tested as shown in Figure 1 when
installed in a wall and as shown in Figure 2 when installed in a floor.
6 . 1 . 4 D a m p e r s m o u n te d o n to f
a c e o f wa l l o r fl o o r.
Uninsulated dampers mounted on a wall or floor and attached to the face o f a structure shall be tested
with the damper positioned within the furnace as shown in Figure 5. Insulated dampers shall be tested
from both sides so that the insulation properties of the damper body and where appropriate the duct
can be evaluated. An example o f a damper mounted to the wall/floor outside the furnace is shown
in Figure 6.
6 . 1 . 5 D a m p e r s re m o te f
r o m wa l l o r fl o o r
6.1 .5 .1 Within the furnace
Dampers mounted remote from the wall or floor and separate from the structure shall be attached to
a length of ductwork. For test purposes, the duct shall be attached to the supporting construction with
the damper installed at the duct end within the furnace, as shown in Figure 7. This length of ductwork
shall be (150 ± 50) mm long and insulated to the extent necessary to ensure that it remains intact
throughout the test. The distance between the outer sur face o f the duct and the furnace wall or floor
shall not be less than 500 mm.
6.1 .5 .2 Outside the furnace
For dampers that are to be mounted onto a section of duct outside the furnace, as shown in Figure 8, the
length of duct shall be (500 ± 50) mm.
NOTE In the case of an uninsulated damper, mounted on a section of a duct outside the furnace, this does not
need to be tested.
6.1 .6 Minimum separation between dampers
Where two dampers are to be tested at the same time, the distance between the dampers shall not be
less than 200 mm, as shown in Figure 9. Where the dampers are mounted in a wall or partition, but are
not located in the same horizontal plane, the required furnace pressure is determined at the horizontal
plane of the lower damper [see 9.8 a) and Figure 1.
6.2 Size of specimen
The largest size damper should be fire tested and, provided the damper satisfies the appropriate fire
leakage criteria, the results can be extended to smaller sizes of dampers whose dimensions relative
to width, height and length are smaller than that tested, subject to the following verification that all

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
components, in particular the damper blade(s), are the same thickness and cross‑sectional shape with
respect to curtain and multi‑blade dampers and blade width.
Key
2 damper
Figure 9 — Maximum separation between two dampers

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 supporting construction (wall)
2 damper
3 pressure of 15 Pa maintained on this plane
Figure 10 — Dampers mounted in different horizontal planes
6.3 Thermal release mechanism

The thermal release mechanism shall be included in the specimen construction. If there are alternative
release mechanisms where these are in series with the basic thermal release and can be shown to not
inhibit the basic release then only the one thermal release mechanism is required to be tested. (See
optional requirements in Annexes B, C and D)
NO TE Where a da mp er de s ign i s mo d i fie d s olel y with re s p e c t to the ther m a l rele a s e me ch a n i s m , it i s no t
necessary to continue the test after closure provided that the release mechanism does not affect the maintenance
of the closed state of damper.
6.4 Specimen installation

The dampers shall be installed as in practice in a supporting construction using methods which are in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Damper manufacturers requiring the damper to be
tested in a length of insulated ductwork shall specify the length over which the duct is to be insulated
as shown in Figure 3.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
6.5 Supporting construction
6.5.1 Principles
6.5.1.1 The supporting construction shall be a wall, partition or floor o f the type to be used in practice.
6.5.1.2 A test result obtained for a fire damper mounted in a supporting construction made o f
masonry, concrete or solid partition (without any cavity) is applicable for the same type of supporting
construction with a thickness and density equal to or greater than those of the supporting construction
used for the test.
6.5.1.3 The supporting construction selected shall have fire resistance slightly greater than the
required fire resistance o f the damper being tested.
6.5.1.4 I f a specific supporting construction di fferent than those described above is selected, the test
results obtained are applicable only to that specific wall, partition or floor.
6.5.2 Recommended supporting constructions

Where the type of supporting construction used in normal practice is not known, then one of the
standard supporting constructions described in Tables 1, 2 or 3 shall be used.
Table 1 — Standard rigid wall construction

Type of construction Thickness Density Test duration
mm kg/m 3 t
h
Normal concrete/masonry 110 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 t =2
150 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 2 < t≤3
175 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 3 < t≤ 4
Aerated concrete a 110 ± 10 650 ± 200 t =2
150 ± 10 650 ± 200 2 < t≤4
a This supporting construction may be made from blocks bonded together with mortar or adhesive.
T a b l e 2 — S t a n d a r d f l e x i b l e - w a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n s ( g y p s u m p l a s t e r b o a r d )
Fire resistance Wall constructions

min Number of layers Thickness Insulation a Thickness b
on each side
mm D/ρ mm
30 1 12 ,5 40/40 75
60 2 12 ,5 40/40 100
90 2 12 ,5 60/50 125
120 2 12 ,5 60/100 150
180 3 12 ,5 60/100 175
240 3 15,0 80/100 190
a D is the thickness in mm of mineral wool insulation inside the wall; ρ is the density in kg/m 3 of mineral wool insulation
inside the wall.
b Tolerance of ±10 %.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
Table 3 — Standard floor constructions

Type of cons truc- T hickness Density Tes t duration
tion
mm kg/m 3 t
Normal concrete 110 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 t= 1,5
150 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 1,5 < t ≤ 3

175 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 3 < t≤4
Aerated concrete 125 ± 10 650 ± 200 t= 2
150 ± 10 650 ± 200 2 < t≤4
6.5 .2 .1 Non-standard supporting constructions
When the test specimen is intended for use in a form of construction not covered by the standard
supporting constructions, it shall be tested in the supporting construction intended for use.
6.6 Conditioning
After installation of the damper into a supporting construction the assembly shall be subject to a
conditioning procedure in accordance with the requirements of ISO 834‑1. The moisture content of the
s upp or ti ng con s truc tion and any i n fi l l materia l u s e d b e twe en the damp er and s upp or ti ng con s truc tion
may have a n i n fluence on the p er formance o f the damp er, i n p ar tic u la r i n relation to the i n s u lation
criterion . Where prac tic a l , the moi s tu re content o f a l l the comp onent item s , i nclud i ng any i n fi l l materi a l,
sh a l l b e control le d to en s u re that e qu i l ibriu m ha s b e en re ache d , a nd the fi na l va lue me a s ure d a nd
recorded. If the supporting construction has been assembled and has been fully conditioned prior to
the i n s ta l l ation o f the te s t s p e c i men a nd i f a water b a s e d i n fi l l materi a l (or o ther s i m i lar i n fi l l materia l
which requires curing) is used to seal any small gaps between the supporting construction and the
damper, then a minimum of 14 days shall be allowed for the assembly to reach equilibrium.
7 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station
7.1 Shut the damper manually and seal the inlet aperture using impervious material.
7.2 Assemble the connecting duct measuring station and exhaust fan as shown in Figure 1. The joints
between each component shall be well sealed with high temperature gaskets and/or sealants.
7.3 C o nnect an o rifice p late, venturi or o ther s uitab le device to a s uitab le reco rding ins trument
calibrated and complying with the requirements of ISO 5167‑1. It may be necessary to use a different size
o f o rifice p late, venturi o r o ther s uitab le device fo r the determinatio n o f the leakage o f the co nnecting
duct and measuring standard to that used for the leakage tests described in Clauses 7 and 8. The leakage
is calculated fro m the reco rded p res s ure di fferential fro m the o rifice p late, venturi o r o ther s uitab le
device us ing the fo rmulae fo r vo lume flo w rates given in ISO 5167‑1.
7.4 Adjust the exhaust fan so that the air leakage through the connecting duct and measuring station
can be measured at 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa and 500 Pa. The pressure differential at each value should
be maintained for 60 s before the leakage is recorded. For higher pressure differential than 300 Pa, the
control of leakage shall be performed at a test pressure 200 Pa higher than the test pressure chosen, in
five equal increments .
7.5 Plot the values on graph paper to determine the leakage at 300 Pa, or at a higher selected pressure
differential.

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7.6 If the leakage at 300 Pa is more than 12 m 3 /h, improve the sealing of joints and stability of test
construction until the leakage criterion referred to above can be met. For pressure differentials higher
than 300 Pa the leakage of 12 m3 /h may be increased by a factor (Ptest/300) 0,5.
7.7 Remove sealing from the inlet aperture of the damper.
8 Determination of leakage at ambient temperature
8.1 Subject the damper to 50 opening and closing cycles.
8.2 After the 50th cycle, check that the damper still locks in the closed position and that it shows no
mechanical damage that will affect the operation of the damper.
8.3 Close the damper.
8.4 Adjust the exhaust fan to maintain an underpressure of 300 Pa (or higher underpressure) in the
connecting duct relative to the laboratory.
8.5 Reco rd the p res s ure di fferential acro s s the o rifice p late, venturi o r o ther s uitab le device at no t
more than 2‑min intervals for a period of 20 min or until stable readings are reached.
8.6 C alculate the leakage fro m the reco rded p res s ure di fferential fro m the o rifice p late, venturi o r o ther
s uitab le device us ing the fo rmulae fo r ISO 5167‑1. Deduct the value for the
vo lume flo w rates given in
leakage of the connecting duct and measuring station determined in Clause 7 from the measured leakage.
9 Fire test
9.1 Latch the damper into its open position, then if not already in position, mount the test specimen
onto the furnace.
9.2 Connect all instrumentation required by this document.
9.3 With the damper fully open, set the exhaust fan system to produce an air velocity of 0,15 m/s
acro s s the damp er o p ening. This may b e meas ured by the o rifice p late, venturi o r o ther s uitab le device
located within the measuring duct. The air velocity shall be maintained to an accuracy of ±15 %.
9.4 Switch off the exhaust fan, but leave at its pre‑set value given in 9.3.
9.5 Ignite the furnace. Start the timing device and switch on all measuring devices.
9.6 Switch on the exhaust fan as soon as the furnace has ignited.
9.7 When the damper has closed, adjust the exhaust fan to maintain an underpressure of 300 Pa (or
higher) in the connecting duct, relative to the furnace. Record the time at which the damper closes. If the
damper fails to close after 2 min from igniting the furnace, discontinue the test.
9.8 During the test, carry out the following.

a) Control and record the furnace temperature and pressure in accordance with ISO 834‑1. The
furnace pressure at the horizontal centreline of a vertical damper shall be maintained at (15 ± 2) Pa.

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b) M ai nta i n a pre s s u re d i fferenti a l b e twe en the con ne c ti ng duc t and furnace o f (−3 0 0 ± 1 5 ) Pa, (or
higher underpressure}.
c) Re cord the pre s s u re d i fferenti a l ac ro s s the ori fice plate, ventu ri or o ther s u itab le device and the
local gas temperature at not more than 2‑min intervals.
C on s tants for ori fice plate, ventu ri or o ther s u itable device s s ha l l b e c a lc u late d i n accorda nce with
ISO 5167‑1 over the range of anticipated gas temperatures. As a function of time and measured gas
temp eratu re s , s ele c t the corre s p ond i ng ori fice plate, ventu ri or o ther s u itable device con s ta nts a nd
c a lc u l ate the volu me flow rate at the me a s u ri ng s tation ga s temp eratu re s u s i ng the formu l ae for
volu me flow rate s given i nISO 5167‑1 . C orre c t the me as u re d volu me flow rate to 2 0 ° C . D e duc t the
value for the leakage of the connecting duct and measuring station determined in Clause 7 from the
measured leakages.
d) Record the temperature on the external surface of the connecting duct at the time intervals
s p e c i fie d i n I S O 8 3 4 ‑1 .
e) T he e ffe c t o f gap s , ori fice s or op eni ngs on the i ntegrity at the j u nc tion b e twe en the s upp or ti ng
construction and connecting duct shall be determined by the use of the cotton pad and/or gap
gauge s as defi ne d i n I S O 8 3 4 ‑1 .
f) Where practical, record any observations of the general behaviour of the damper assembly during
the test. In practice this is limited to observations taken on the furnace side and to the duct/damper
junction and adjacent area on the non‑furnace side.
1 0 C l a s s i fi c a ti o n a n d c r i te r i a
D ep end i ng on the cl as s i fic ation re qu i re d, the s i ze o f the fi re damp er to b e te s te d and the criteri a to b e
applied are given in Table 4.

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Table 4 — Fire test performance criteria

C l a s s i fi c a t i o n
a Size to be tested Leakage at Fire test
ambient tempera- Leakage limit Temperature Perimeter
ture m 3/(h · m 2 ) rise limit integrityb
m 3 /(h · m 2 ) °C
Mean/Max.
E max. Not required 360 c Not required GG/SF
ES max. 200 200 c Not required GG/SF
min. 200 Not required Not required Not required
EI max. Not required 360 c 140/180 CP/GG/SF
EIS max. 200 200 c 140/180 CP/GG/SF
min. 200 Not required Not required Not required
I n re l atio n to the c r i te r i a fo r le a kage (S ) , the va lue s g i ve n s h a l l b e s ati s fie d i n b o th the a mb ie nt temp eratu re (s m a l le s t
d a mp e r a nd l a rge s t d a mp er i n the ra n ge) a nd the fi re te s t ( l a rge s t d a mp er i n the ra n ge) .
NO TE 1 T he m a x i mu m temp eratu re r i s e l i m i t (1 8 0 ° C ) c a n b e de te r m i ne d at a ny o f the ther mo co up le s T1 , T2 and Ts (or

the ro vi n g ther mo co up le de s c r ib e d i n I S O 8 3 4 ‑1) a nd the me a n (ave rage) te mp e ratu re r i s e (14 0 ° C ) i s de ter m i ne d fro m
thermocouples T2 . Locations of the thermocouples are shown in Figures 3 to 8.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of calculating compliance with the leakage criteria in this table, the area of a damper can be
taken to be the cross‑sectional area of the duct to which the damper is connected.
NO TE 3 C l a s s i fic atio n o f i nte g r it y i s acco rd i n g to whe the r o r no t the d a mp e r i s a l s o cl a s s i fie d fo r i n s u l atio n . W he re a
d a mp e r i s cl a s s i fie d fo r i nte g r it y E a nd i n s u l atio n I , the i nte g r i ty i s th at de te r m i ne d b y wh iche ve r o f the th re e c r i te r i a fa i l s

fi rs t. W here a d a mp er i s cl a s s i fie d E b ut wi tho ut a n I cl a s s i fic atio n , the i nte g r i t y va lue i s de fi ne d a s the ti me to fa i lu re of
o n l y the c racks/o p en i n gs o r s u s ta i ne d fl a m i n g c r i ter i a , wh iche ve r fa i l s fi rs t.
a E i s the i nte g r i t y ( ga s flo w co r re c te d to 2 0 ° C ) ;
I is the insulation (see note 1);

S i s the le a kage cl a s s i fic atio n (s e e no te 2 ) ( ga s le a kage co r re c te d to 2 0 ° C ) .
b CP is the cotton pad (see note 3);

GG is the gap gauge (see note 3);
S F i s the s u s ta i ne d fl a m i n g (s e e no te 3 ) .
c Leakage limits only apply after 5 min from the start of the test.
10.1 Number of tests required

The test method has been designed to cover as many potential applications for damper installation as
possible. It is not intended that all the options have to be covered in a test programme.
Guidance is given below in Tables 5 and 6 on the number of tests that may be required. Experience may
show that not all tests need to be undertaken, as some installation options may be found to represent
the most onerous condition, in which case the number of tests required can be reduced.
Table 5 — Fire damper standard installation application

Fire damper installation application in prac- Number of tests asymmetri- Number of tests symmet-
tice standard application c a l fi r e d a m p e r r i c a l fi r e d a m p e r
Installed within a wall 2 1

I n s ta l le d with i n a flo or 2 1
Table 6 — Fire damper special installation application

Fire damper installation application in Number of tests asymmetri- Number of tests symmetri-
practice special application c a l fi r e d a m p e r c a l fi r e d a m p e r
Installed on face of wall 2 1

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Fire damper installation application in Number of tests asymmetri- Number of tests symmetri-
practice special application c a l fi r e d a m p e r c a l fi r e d a m p e r
I n s ta l le d on face o f flo o r 2 1
D a mp er mou nte d on s e c tion o f duc t i n the fi re 1 for wall application 1 for 1 for wall application 1 for
comp a r tment (wa l l a nd flo or ap p l ic ation) flo or ap p l ic ation flo o r app l ic atio n
Insulated damper mounted on section of duct 1 1

outs ide the fi re comp a r tment (wa l l on l y)
11 Test report
The report shall state
a) the name of the testing laboratory;
b) the name of the sponsor;
c) the date of the test;
d) the name of the manufacturer, the trade name and the type reference of the product;
e) details of the construction and conditioning of the test specimen, including detailed information
on the s p e c i fic ation o f materi a l s and comp onents u s e d , to ge ther with d rawi ngs i l lu s trati ng the
essential features and installation details, including the dimension from the exposed face of the
supporting construction to the centreline of the plane of operation of the damper;
f) description of the method and materials, used to seal the damper into the test construction;
g) a record of the following relating to the leakage at ambient temperature test as a function of time:
— measuring station pressure differential;
— c a lc u l ate d volume flow rate;
h) a re cord o f the fol lowi ng relati ng to the fi re te s t a s a fu nc tion o f ti me:
— furnace temperature;
— furnace pressure;
— connecting duct pressure;
— temperatures measured by all surface mounted thermocouples;
— gas temperature at exit of connecting duct plenum;
— measuring station gas temperature;
— measuring station pressure differential;
— c a lc u l ate d volume flow rate conver te d to ambient ( lab orator y) temp erature;
i) the time at which the damper closes after the start of the test and the test duration;
j) any observations which were made during the course of the test, particularly with respect to loss
of integrity at the joints between the damper and its connecting duct and the damper assembly and
the supporting construction of the test arrangement;
k) where the test has been undertaken using a higher underpressure than 300 Pa, then this shall
be clearly stated, together with a statement giving the basis for such a value being selected. All
c a lc u l ate d volume flows shou ld b e cle arly identi fie d a s relati ng to the s ele c te d h igher under pre s s u re .

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1 2 D i re c t fi e l d o f
a p p l i c a ti o n o f th e te s t re s u l ts
1 2 . 1 S i z e o f fi r e d a m p e r
I f the S classification is not required, a test result obtained for the largest fire damper in the range is
applicable to all dampers of the same type (including any aspect ratio) provided that the maximum
dimensions do not exceed those tested and that the components remain in the same orientation as
that tested.
I f the S classification is required, an additional fire damper, representing the smallest size in the range,
shall satisfy the smoke leakage criteria when tested according to the procedure described in Clause 8.
12.2 Fire dampers installed within structural openings

A test result obtained for an installed fire damper is only applicable to dampers installed in the same
orientation as that tested.
12.3 Fire dampers mounted onto the face of a wall

A test result obtained for a fire damper installed onto the face o f a wall or floor is only applicable to
dampers installed onto the face of a separating element in the same orientation as that tested.
1 2 . 4 F i re d a m p e r s r e m o te fro m a wa l l o r fl o o r
A test result obtained for a fire damper remote from a wall or floor (o f the same fire resistance as the
damper) is applicable to the following dampers:
a) f or mounting remote from a wall and attached to a length o f a horizontal fire‑resisting ductwork
when tested remote from a wall (two tests, see Figure 7 and Figure 8);
b) for mounting remote from a floor and attached to a length o f vertical fire‑resisting ductwork on the
side above the floor when tested above the floor;
c) for mounting remote from a floor and attached to a length o f vertical fire‑resisting ductwork on the
side below the floor when tested below the floor.
1 2 . 5 S e p a ra ti o n b e twe e n fi re d a m p e r s a n d b e twe e n fi re d a m p e r s a n d
construction elements
A test result obtained for only one fire damper or for two fire dampers with a minimum clear separation
of 200 mm between the dampers is applicable to a minimum separation, in practice, of:
a) 200 mm between dampers installed in separate ducts;
b) 75 mm between damper and a construction element (wall/floor).
12.6 Supporting constructions
12.6.1 A test obtained for a fire damper mounted in or on the face o f a supporting construction made o f
masonry, concrete or homogeneous partition (without continuous cavity) is applicable for the same type
of supporting construction with a thickness and density equal to or greater than those of the supporting
construction used in the test. The test result can apply to cellular or hollow masonry blocks or slabs
that have a fire resistance time equal to or greater than the fire resistance required for the fire damper
installation.
12.6.2 Test results obtained with the dampers installed in flexible vertical supporting constructions may
be applied to rigid supporting construction of a thickness equal to or greater than that of the element

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ISO 21925-1:2018
us ed in the tes ts , b ut no t vice‑ vers a p rovided that the clas s ified fire res is tance o f the rigid s up p o rting
construction is greater than or equal to the one used for the test.
12.6.3 I f a s p ecific s up p o rting co ns tructio n di fferent fro m tho s e des crib ed in 6.5.2 is selected, the test
res ults o b tained are ap p licab le o nly to that s p ecific wall, p artitio n o r flo o r having a thicknes s and/o r
density greater than that tested.

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Annex A
(informative)
Historical background of the test methods
A.1 Philosophy
A.1.1 General
The test described in this document is designed to measure the ability of a damper to:
a) clo s e i n the event o f a fi re under dynam ic cond ition s;
b) to re s i s t the s pre ad of fi re and gas e s from one comp ar tment to ano ther th rough an ai r
distribution system.
During the early stages of developing the test, the requirements for air distribution systems in various
cou ntrie s were exa m i ne d i n rel ation to s pre ad o f fi re, a nd it b e c a me cle a r that the de s ign ph i lo s ophy
varied considerably from country to country. The principle differences in philosophy and practice that
were identi fie d a re a s given i n A.1.2 to A.1.5.
A.1.2 Fan on/off

Design philosophies vary. In some applications, air distribution systems are designed so that in the
event o f a fi re o cc u rri ng the fan s s witch o ff. O thers are re qui re d to conti nue to provide ai r hand l i ng
to p ar ts o f the bu i ld i ng remo te from the fi re . I n s uch a s ituation, the da mp ers have to clo s e u nder
dynamic conditions and, once they are closed, they may be subjected to high underpressures with a
corre s p ond i ng h igher ri s k o f le a kage a nd con s e quently with p o tenti a l ly more rapid s pre ad o f fi re .
I t c an no t b e guara nte e d under fi re cond ition s that a fa n wi l l b e o ff and there fore a dynam ic cond ition
may exist. A system failure can occur and the fan may not switch off. Therefore it is considered to be
important to test the damper under dynamic conditions. The standard underpressure of 300 Pa was
chosen as it corresponded to the underpressure used in ISO 6944‑1. This was considered adequate
to cover most applications. It was recognized that for special industrial applications dampers may be
designed to withstand higher underpressures. To allow for these special applications, allowance has
been made to allow the test to be undertaken at increased underpressures.
T he 0 ,1 5 m/s fi re te s t velo city is a comprom i s e b e twe en the ne e d for a dynam ic ai r flow te s t
and fi re s a fe ty with i n the fi re te s t lab orator y. For the s e s a fe ty re a s on s , clo s u re te s ti ng at h igher
velo citie s/pre s s ure s , i f con s idere d ne ce s s ar y, s hou ld b e c a rrie d out u nder ambient ai r flow cond ition s
and not when the furnace is ignited at high temperatures.
A.1.3 Installation practice

Some countries and some design practices require that the dampers be installed within the plane of
the wa l l and flo or and do no t p erm it the d amp er to b e remo te from the s ep arati ng con s truc tion . O ther
countries or design practices allow the damper to be installed either on the face or remote from the
wa l l or flo or. T he te s t me tho d provide s gu idance for te s ti ng a l l s uch p o s s ible i n s ta l l ation s but it i s on ly
necessary to test the installation method(s) applicable to the individual country concerned.
A.1.4 Insulation
Dampers are available both insulated and uninsulated. The method provides for the testing of all
types of dampers.

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A.1.5 Integrity
Measurement of integrity is based on measurement of gap leakage through the damper, together
with conventional integrity measurements around the outside perimeter. The dynamic leakage
measurements described in Clause 8 of this document, give a more precise indication of integrity
performance.
A.2 Test principles

A.2.1 General
Prior to the determination of leakage the damper is subjected to 50 opening and closing cycles. This
is intended to represent approximately two inspections per year on an installed damper to check its
corre c t op eration . T h i s nu mb er o f c ycle s may b e i nade quate for damp ers wh ich provide a n ai r flow
control function.
T he fi re te s t i s s tar te d with the damp er i n the op en p o s ition . T h i s i s i ntende d to te s t the pri mar y
actuating mechanism attached to the damper. Secondary control devices remote from the damper are
not covered by this test. It is considered important to start the test in this way as not only does it test
the actuating mechanism, but it also checks that during the time that the damper remains open it does
not distort and prevent closure once the actuating mechanism operates.
Wh i l s t s ome d i ffic u ltie s may b e e xp erience d i n control l i ng the fu rnace temp eratu re and pre s s u re
wh i l s t the damp er i s op en, there i s ade quate ti me provide d the damp er clo s e s with i n the s p e c i fie d ti me
o f 2 m i n, to b e with i n the defi ne d l i m its o f the ti me ‑temp eratu re c ur ve defi ne d i n I S O 8 3 4 ‑1 at 5 m i n .
A.2.2 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station

The limit of 12 m 3/ h appropri ate to the fi re te s t wa s s ele c te d as th i s repre s ente d the lowe s t le a kage that
could be accurately measured in accordance with ISO 5167‑1. Consideration was given to measuring
an actual leakage and then deduct this value from the leakages recorded during the test. However it
was considered that this approach would create problems as the leakage of the test rig might increase
during the test. The approach adopted is to make the seals as tight as possible so that any increase in rig
leakage during the test will be minimal. It is essential that considerable care be taken to ensure good
tight seals at all joints and that a suitable high‑temperature joint sealant is used.
A.2.3 Determination of leakage at ambient temperature

L e a kage o f the damp er at ambient temp eratu re i s me as u re d on ly for da mp ers i ntende d to b e cla s s i fie d
to the S designation. Both the largest and the smallest sizes of dampers in a product are evaluated.
A.2.4 Fire test

The air velocity of 0,15 m/s was selected because experimental work indicated that at the moment a
damper closes a very high underpressure can exist across the damper. This low air velocity was selected
as it has been demonstrated during tests that at the point of closure the underpressure would not be
substantially in excess of the required underpressure of 300 Pa.
T he 0 ,1 5 m/s fi re te s t velo city i s there fore a comprom i s e b e twe en the ne e d for a dynam ic ai r flow
te s t and fi re s a fe ty with i n the fi re te s t lab orator y. For the s e s a fe ty re a s on s , clo s ure te s ti ng at h igher
velo c itie s/pre s s u re s , i f con s idere d ne ce s s ar y, s hou ld b e c arrie d out at ambient a i r flow cond ition s a nd
not when the furnace is ignited at high temperatures.

Any failure of the damper to close within the allowable time of 2 min is regarded as a failure. If the
damper is closed manually and the test continued to determine leakage rates, such data can only be
regarded as for information only as an essential requirement for a damper has not been met.
The leakage is determined from the recorded local temperature and the recorded pressure differential
from the ori fice pl ate, venturi , e tc . u s i ng formu la for volu me flow rate s given i n ISO 5167‑1.

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A.3 Commentary on criteria and classification

Tests in accordance with the test method were undertaken on a range of European and North American
fi re damp ers , a l l o f wh ich s ati s fie d conventiona l me a s u rements for i ntegrity. I t was e s tabl i s he d that
the existing products were capable of satisfying a leakage limit of 360 m 3 /(h · m 2 ), and this limit was
adop te d for eva luation o f compl i ance o f i ntegrity u s i ng gas flow me a s u rements (E de s ignation) .
In relation to smoke leakage, available analytical data was examined, taking into account such
parameters as acceptable concentrations of smoke, required degree of dilution, time for escape, which
led to an acceptable smoke leakage of 200 m 3 /(h · m 2 ), being derived. This is the limit used for checking
compliance with the S designation.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
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Annex B
(informative)
Alternative thermal release mechanisms
B.1 The following procedure can be agreed between the sponsor and the testing laboratory to evaluate
alternative thermal release mechanisms.
B.1 .1 The thermal releas e that is ins talled with the damp er is rando mly s elected fro m five identical
units. Three of the remaining release mechanisms shall be evaluated to the requirements in Annex C to
determine a threshold response time. The threshold shall be the average response time of three links
when tested to the requirements of Annex C. The response time is used to evaluate the comparative
performance of other alternative thermal release mechanisms that are evaluated to the requirements of
Annex C. Annex D s p ecifies a reliab ility tes ts fo r thermal releas e mechanis ms .

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ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
Annex C
(informative)
Test of thermal release mechanisms
C.1 Introduction
This Annex specifies the test requirements identified as response behaviour and faulty set‑o ff that are
related to thermal release mechanisms used in fire dampers. Only the thermal release mechanism is
subjected to the tests described in this annex.
The responsive behaviour test is designed to ensure that under fire conditions the thermal release
mechanism complies with the expected functions so that the damper closes completely so as to prevent
the spread o f fire.
The faulty set‑off test is intended to ensure the thermal release mechanism does not close the damper
in non‑fire conditions.
These tests are only applicable to thermal release mechanisms installed within the damper or duct. It
does not cover thermal release mechanisms that are located outside the ventilation duct.
The tests can provide information on comparative performance between one thermal release
mechanism and another and thus provide a means of testing of thermal release mechanisms that have
not been included in the damper assembly that was tested for fire resistance.
The test method specified in this Annex determines whether the thermal activation system for the
closing device o f a fire damper system:
— is suitable for a fire damper assembly to be tested for fire resistance in accordance with this standard;
— is suitable for a fire damper already qualified according to this standard with an alternative system
of the same class (temperature‑load);
— is intended to provide information on comparative performance between one thermal release

mechanism and another and thus provides for the testing of thermal release mechanisms that have
not been included in the fire damper assembly that was used in the fire resistance test.
C.2 Requirements
C.2 .1 Thermal release
The thermal release mechanism is installed in the centreline of the cross section of the thermal
release test duct, which is part of the test arrangement according to Figure C.1 or Figure C.2 . The test
arrangement shall include a heating arrangement that can expose the thermal release mechanism to
the conditions specified in C.2 .2 , also a fan and velocity measuring equipment. A suitable method of
controlling the air temperature and velocity shall be provided.
The position in which the thermal release mechanism is installed shall be chosen such that the airflow
conditions near the heat‑sensitive element are in accordance with the practical conditions. If the test
specimens are not absolutely symmetrical, the test of response behaviour described in C.2 .2 and the
test of faulty set‑off described in C.2 .3 shall be per formed in both possible directions o f airflow.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
C.2.2 Response behaviour

Starting at an initial temperature o f (25 ± 2) °C, the thermal release mechanism shall be exposed to an
increasing air temperature such that it follows the relationship (see Figure C.3):
T = (25 + 20 t) ± 2
where
T is the temperature, in degrees Celsius;

t is the time from the start of the test period, in minutes.
The mean air velocity at the start of this test shall be (1 ± 0,1) m/s. The test shall be performed
three times for each orientation and location of the thermal release mechanism. The thermal release
mechanism shall operate before the threshold limit is exceeded on each of the samples tested.
NOTE The threshold limit is established by the manufacture of the thermal release mechanism. Thermal
release mechanisms are designed for use in various environments such as typical interior conditioned air, cold
climates and within warm air ducts. Threshold limits such as 50 °C (cold countries), 120 °C, 180 °C or 350 °C
are available.
The threshold response time, or the time when the thermal response mechanism operates during the
response behaviour test, shall not exceed:
a) The time equalling the average of the threshold time +10 % determined from a minimum of
three tests on links representative o f the link used in the fire damper test specimen for the fire
resistance test.
A thermal release mechanism that has been previously tested to the fire damper fire resistance test
shall be used to determine a threshold response time. Three thermal release mechanisms, selected
f rom a batch o f five shall be evaluated using the response behaviour test. The threshold response
time shall be determined as the average response time of these three thermal release mechanism
for each orientation required (see C.2 .5.1) or
b) The time required for the thermal response mechanism, when tested in accordance with
the response behaviour test, to rise above the threshold limit designated for the thermal
response mechanism.
C.2.3 Faulty set-off

For 1 h the specimen shall be exposed to an air temperature o f (60 ± 2) °C. The thermal release
mechanism shall be under the same loading as would be applied under normal service conditions. The
mean airflow velocity (mass flow) for this test shall be (1 ± 0,1) m/s. The test shall be per formed once
for each orientation and location of the thermal release mechanism.
The thermal release mechanism shall not release in any of the samples tested.
C.2.4 Test apparatus

The recommended types o f devices with opened and closed airflow are shown in Figure C.1 and
Figure C.2 . Larger and smaller cross sections may be used provided the requirements for the air
temperature and the airflow velocity are met.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 b a ffles fo r airflow
2 thermocouples
3 thermal release mechanism
4 anemometer, distance 4 D from the fan
5 heating zone
6 fan
7 ingress of air
a Flow.
Figure C.1 — Test arrangement

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 removable cover
2 anemometer, distance 4 D from the ventilation duct used in the test
3 cover for the release mechanism‑testing zone
4 thermal release mechanism and location of observation window
5 thermocouple
6 fan
7 control panel
8 heating zone
9 damper for the egress of air
10 damper for the ingress of air
a Flow.
Figure C.2 — Alternative test arrangement
C.2.4.1 Ducting, as shown in Figures C.1 or C.2. Its length may be changed provided the requirements
for the air temperature and the airflow velocity are met. Each shall be provided with suitable access for
installing the thermal release mechanism. The airflow shall be straight. An observation window shall be
located as shown in Figures C.1 and C.2.
A means of providing and controlling the ingress of air shall also be provided.
C.2.4.2 Fan , capable o f providing the air velocities specified.
C.2.4.3 Heater, located within the duct system, having suitable means of control and capacity to
achieve the heating conditions specified in C.2.2.
C.2.4.4 Air-velocity measuring equipment, suitable to meet the criteria of C.2.2 and C.2.3.
C.2.4.5 Instrumentation
The air temperature shall be measured by means of a sheathed thermocouple of diameter
(0,25 ± 0,025) mm. The thermocouple shall be situated in the same distance from the top of the

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
ventilation duct used in the test as the part of the thermal release mechanism that is sensitive to heat.
The horizontal distance shall be approximately 230 mm from the thermal release mechanism.
Key
X time, min
Y temp erature, °C
Figure C.3 — Time/temperature rise for response behaviour test
C.2.5 Test procedure
C.2.5.1 Installation of thermal release mechanism

The thermal release mechanism shall be suspended from a plate in its normal orientation on a plate
dimensioned as shown in Figure C.4 which forms part of the top of the working area of the ventilation
duct used in the test, such that the thermal release mechanism is positioned symmetrically to the sides
and on the centreline of the ventilation duct used in the test. If the thermal release mechanism is not
absolutely symmetrical, then both sides shall be tested. For the testing of faulty set‑off, the thermal
rele as e me cha n i s m s ha l l b e lo ade d a s s p e ci fie d i n C.2 .3

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
1 locating studs
2 stiff suspension wire
3 test duct
4 thermocouple
5 observation window
7 temperature compensated anemometer
8 mounting plate
9 hole cut in test duct
a Flow.
Figure C.4 — Installation of thermal release mechanism

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
C.2 .5 .2 Control of test conditions
C.2 .5 .2 .1 Testing of response behaviour
Be fore each test, the temperature o f the airflow, as measured by the thermocouple described in C.2 .4.5
shall be at (25 ± 2) °C. Remove the thermal release mechanism from a conditioning chamber set at
a temperature o f (25 ± 2) °C, and locate the mechanism in the test duct. Wait at least 5 min for the
temperature to stabilize.
The control of the temperature within the ventilation duct used in the test shall be adjustable, with
su fficient control and spare capacity so that the temperature can be controlled over a range o f 1 °C/min
to 30 °C/min, with a maximum nominal value deviation o f ±2 °C.
C.2 .5 .2 .2 Testing of faulty set-off
Before each test, apply a load in the direction of the release movement which is equal to the load under
normal service conditions. The temperature o f the airflow and o f the thermal release mechanism shall
be prestabilized at 60 °C ± 2 °C then the test may be started.
Where the device cannot be tested together with the operating springs, the laboratory shall provide a
means o f applying the load specified by the manu facturer. An example is shown in Figure C.5.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
Key
2 cross section of test duct
3 loading system
Figure C.5 — Example of loading means
C.2.6 Report on tests of thermal mechanisms

T he fu l fi l ment o f the re qu i rements given i n C.2 .2 and C.2 .3 s ha l l b e veri fie d a nd de ta i le d i n the te s t
report. Information relating to the corrosion tests shall also be included if carried out.
The test report shall also contain at least the following information:
a) name and address of the testing laboratory and the location where the test has taken place, if the
latter is not the same as the address of the testing laboratory;
b) unmistakable indication of the report (e.g. serial numbers) and of each page of the report, as well as
s p e c i fication o f the to ta l nu mb er o f p age s o f the rep or t;
c) name and address of the sponsor;
d) description and name of the tested item;
e) date of receipt of the tested item and date (dates) of the test;

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 21925-1:2018
f) te s t s p e c i fic ation or de s crip tion o f the te s t me tho d or te s ti ng i n s truc tion s , i nclud i ng va lue of
load applied;
g) if necessary, description of the sampling method;
h) all deviation s , add ition s or l i m itation s comp a re d with the te s t s p e ci fic ation as wel l as o ther
i n formation that i s i mp or tant for the s p e ci fic te s t;
i) data concerning all used and non‑standardized test methods or instructions;
j) result of measurements, examinations and interpolated results; if necessary, complementary

tables, graphs, sketches and photos;
k) indications concerning the accuracy of measurement (if relevant);
l) signature and title or corresponding indication of the persons who are responsible for the technical
content of the test report as well as the date of issue;
m) indication that the test results refer only to the tested items;
n) notice that without permission of the testing laboratory the report may not be duplicated
in extracts.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
Annex D
(informative)
Reliability tests for thermal release mechanisms
D.1 General
The reliability tests consist of subjecting a group of thermal release mechanisms to a simulated
environmental exposure for a period of 5 days, after which the response behaviours of the thermal
release mechanisms are measured.
The tests consist of exposure to:
a) a salt spray fog,
b) a moi s t hyd ro gen s u l fide/ai r m i x ture, and
c) a moist carbon dioxide/sulfur dioxide/air mixture. A group of thermal release mechanisms consist
o f the five s ample s . O ne s ample group i s e xp o s e d to the s a lt s pray fo g; a s e cond s ample group i s
s ubj e c te d to the moi s t hyd ro gen s u l fide/a i r m i xtu re; and a th i rd s a mple group i s s ubj e c te d to the
moist carbon dioxide/sulfur dioxide air mixture.

Not less than 4 days or more than 7 days after the exposure, subject each thermal release mechanism to
the procedures given in C.2.5.2.1 and C.2.5.2.2. Observe each thermal release mechanism to determine
i f op eration o cc u rs with i n the ti me s p e c i fie d i n C.2.5.2.1 and C.2.5.2.2.
WA R N I N G — T h e s e t e s t s u s e h yd r o g e n s u l fi d e a n d s u l f u r d i o x i d e , w h i c h a r e b o t h p o i s o n o u s
g a s e s . H yd r o g e n s u l fi d e g a s i s a l s o f l a m m a b l e . B e c a u s e o f
t h e s e h a z a r d s , t h e s e g a s e s s h a l l b e
stored, transferred and used only in gas-type s ys tems . Adequate ventilation shall also be
provided to handle any accidental leakage. D ue their unpleasant odour and irritating effects,
these gases give a warning of their presence.
D.2 Salt spray fog test
The salt spray fog test is intended to demonstrate the performance of the thermal release mechanism
after it has acquired an accumulation of particulate matter. It is recommend that all galvanized steel
parts of the thermal release mechanism be painted to inhibit corrosion by the salt spray fog.
The thermal release mechanisms shall be exposed to a salt spray within a fog chamber. The salt solution
in the chamber shall be a 20 % solution (by mass) of sodium chloride in distilled water. The pH shall
b e b e twe en 6 , 5 and 7, 2 a nd the den s ity b e twe en 1 ,1 2 6 g/m l and 1 ,1 5 7 g/m l when atom i z e d at 3 5 ° C .
Suitable means of controlling the atmosphere in the chamber shall be provided. The thermal release
mechanisms shall be supported in their normal operating position and exposed to the salt spray (fog)
in a chamber having a volume of at least 0,43 m 3 , in which the exposure zone shall be maintained at a
temp eratu re o f (3 5 ± 2 ) ° C . T he temp eratu re s hal l b e re corde d at le a s t once p er day, at le as t 7 h ap ar t
(except weekends and holidays when the chamber normally would not be opened). Salt solution shall
be supplied for a recirculating reservoir through air‑aspirating nozzles, at a pressure between 0,7 bar
(0,07 MPa) and 1,7 bar (0,17 MPa). Salt solution runoff from exposed samples shall be collected and shall
not be returned to the reservoir for recirculation. The thermal release mechanisms shall be shielded
from condensate drippage.
Fog shall be collected from at least two points in the exposure zone to determine the rate of application
and salt concentration. The fog shall be such that for each 80 cm 2 of collection area, 1 ml to 2 ml of solution
shall be collected per hour over a 16 h period and the salt concentration shall be (20 ± 1) % by mass.

BS ISO 21925‑1:2018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
The thermal release mechanisms be exposed to the salt spray for a period of 5 days. After this period,
the thermal release mechanisms shall be removed from the fog chamber and allowed to dry for 4 days
to 7 days at a temp eratu re no t exce e d i ng (2 0 ± 5 ) ° C i n an atmo s phere havi ng a relative hu m id ity no t
greater than 70 %.
After the drying period, the thermal release mechanisms shall be subjected to the tests described in
C.2 .5.2 .1 and C.2 .5.2 .2 . .
D.3 Moist hydrogen sulphide/air mixture test
E xp o s u re to a moi s t hyd ro gen s u l fide/ai r m i xtu re is i ntende d to demon s trate the abi l ity o f the
thermal release mechanism to resist a corrosive atmosphere. The thermal release mechanisms
sha l l b e s upp or te d ver tica l ly a nd exp o s e d to a moi s t hyd ro gen s u l fide/a i r m i x ture i n a clo s e d gla s s
chamber having openings for gas inlet and outlet. On 5 days out of every 7 days, an amount of hydrogen
s u l fide e qui va lent to 1 , 0 % o f the volume o f the cha mb er sha l l b e i ntro duce d i nto the ch amb er from a
com merci a l gas c yl i nder, the volu me re qui re d b ei ng me as u re d with a flowme ter and ti mer. P rior to
each introduction of gas, the remaining gas/air mixture from the previous day shall be thoroughly
purged from the chamber. On the 2 days out of every 7 days that this does occur, the chamber shall
remain closed and no purging or introduction of gas shall be provided. During the exposure, the gas/air
mixture shall be gently stirred by means of a small fan located in the upper middle portion of the
chamber. A small amount of water (10 ml per 0,003 m 3 of chamber volume) shall be maintained at the
bottom of the chamber for humidity. Specimens shall be shielded from condensate drippage.
T he therma l rele as e me cha ni s m s sh a l l b e e xp o s e d to the moi s t hyd ro gen s u l fide m i xtu re for a p erio d
of 5 days. After this period, the thermal release mechanisms shall be removed from the chamber and
a l lowe d to d r y for 4 days to 7 days at a temp eratu re no t e xce e d i ng (2 0 ± 5 ) ° C i n an atmo s phere havi ng
a relative humidity not greater than 70 %.
After the drying period, the thermal release mechanisms shall be subjected to the tests described in
C.2 .5.2 .1 and C.2 .5.2 .2 .

BS ISO 2 192 5‑1: 2 018
ISO 2 1 92 5 -1 : 2 01 8
Bibliography
[1] ISO 6944‑1, Fire containment — Elements of building construction
© ISO 2 01 8 – All rights reserved 39

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BSI Standards Publication

Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers

Part 1: Mechanical dampers

This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 21925‑1:2018.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected

Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.1.3 Dampers installed within a structural opening ................................................................................. 13

6.1 .5 D amp ers remo te fro m wall o r flo o r ............................................................................................................. 13

6.1.6 Minimum separation between dampers .................................................................................................. 13

12.2 Fire dampers installed within structural openings .............................................................................................. 22

construction elements ................................................................................................................................................................... 22

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

o ther op en i ngs i n fi re ‑ s ep arati ng wa l l s a nd flo ors .

ISO 10294‑4:2001 provide d a te s t me tho d to eva luate the p er formance of fi re da mp er‑

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v

Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air

3 Terms and definitions

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1

rate of gases passing through the damper under test

i n itiate s the clo s i ng o f the fi re da mp er b e fore a pre d ic te d th re shold l i m it i s re ache d

4 Principles of the test

to a fi re ‑ s ep a rati ng bu i ld i ng element i n a man ner repre s entative o f go o d prac tice . Te s ts a re p er forme d

2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

5.7 Instrumentation for measuring and recording surface temperature , in accordance

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 3

5 .9 Timing device , capable of running throughout the test period.

4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Example of general test arrangement

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 5

11 dis tance: thermo co up le to o rifice p late = 2 d

6 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

7 infill material, p rovided it is neces s ary

Figure 3 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in an insulated duct

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 7

Ts , T1 , T2 unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)

Figure 4 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in a non-insulated duct

8 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 9

Ts , T1 , T2 unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)

10 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

3 suitable attachment as in practice

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 11

Li length of insulation where insulation is necessary

6.1.1 Side to be tested

12 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

6.1 .3 Dampers installed within a structural opening

6.1 .5 .1 Within the furnace

6.1 .5 .2 Outside the furnace

6.1 .6 Minimum separation between dampers

6.2 Size of specimen

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 13

Figure 9 — Maximum separation between two dampers

14 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Figure 10 — Dampers mounted in different horizontal planes

6.3 Thermal release mechanism

6.4 Specimen installation