IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type

Distribution Transformers
500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage,
34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage,
7970/13 800Y V and Below

IEEE Power and Energy Society

Sponsored by the
Transformers Committee

IEEE IEEE Std C57.12.20™-2017

3 Park Avenue (Revision of IEEE Std C57.12.20-2011)
New York, NY 10016-5997
USA

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20™-2017
(Revision of IEEE Std C57.12.20-2011)

IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type

Distribution Transformers
500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage,
34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage,
7970/13 800Y V and Below

Sponsor

Transformers Committee
of the
IEEE Power and Energy Society

Approved 28 September 2017

IEEE-SA Standards Board

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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 Participants

At the time this IEEE standard was completed, the Overhead Type Distribution Transformers Working Group
had the following membership:

Alan Traut, Chair

Ed Smith, Vice Chair

Jerry Allen Said Hachichi Stephen Shull

Kahveh Atef Kendrick Hamilton Charles Simmons
Adam Bromley Michael Hardin Rich Smith
Darren Brown Gael Kennedy Ronald Stahara
Tom Callsen Michael Miller Christopher Sullivan
Paul Chisholm Barb Patoine Giuseppe Termini
Rhett Chrysler Justin Pezzin Taib Tikvesa
Michael Faulkenberry Jarrod Prince Donnie Trivitt
Fredric Friend Martin Rave Josh Verdell
Carlos Gaytan Juan Saldivar Alan Wilks
Ali Ghafourian Brian Wood

The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.

David Aho William Henning Dhiru Patel

Roy Ayers Joshua Herz Christopher Petrola
Thomas Barnes Werner Hoelzl Alvaro Portillo
Michael Bayer Jill Holmes Jarrod Prince
Barry Beaster Philip Hopkinson Iulian Pro¿r
Steven Bezner Mohammad Iman Martin Rave
Thomas Blackburn Richard Jackson Charles Rogers
Darren Brown Gael Kennedy Oleg Roizman
William Byrd Axel Kraemer Thomas Rozek
Paul Cardinal Jim Kulchisky Steven Sano
C. Clair Claiborne John Lackey Daniel Sauer
Kurt Clemente Chung-Yiu Lam Bartien Sayogo
Craig Colopy Aleksandr Levin Stephen Shull
John Crouse Thomas Lundquist Jeremy Smith
Dieter Dohnal Tim-Felix Mai Jerry Smith
Gary Donner Richard Marek Steve Snyder
Michael Faulkenberry Lee Matthews Ronald Stahara
Jorge Fernandez Daher Mark McNally David Stankes
Bruce Forsyth Daleep Mohla Wayne Stec
Marcel Fortin Charles Morgan Robert Stinson
Fredric Friend Daniel Mulkey John Sullivan
Jean-Francois Gagnon Ryan Musgrove David Tepen
Ali Ghafourian Ali Naderian Jahromi James Thompson
Jalal Gohari K. R. M. Nair John Vergis
Edwin Goodwin Arthur Neubauer Sukhdev Walia
Randall Groves Michael Newman Daniel Ward
Ajit Gwal Tim Olson Kenneth White
Said Hachichi Lorraine Padden Alan Wilks
J. Harlow Dwight Parkinson William Wimmer
Jeffrey Hartenberger Bansi Patel Jennifer Yu
Jeffrey Helzer Jian Yu

6
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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 Introduction

This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.12.20–2017, IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers
500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below.

In 1938 the Edison Electric Institute-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (EEI-NEMA) Joint
Committee on Standards for Distribution Transformers was organized to develop standards for the various
types of distribution transformers. For 23 years the continuous work of this Joint Committee was evidenced
by a series of reports published jointly by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) and the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The last report of overhead-type distribution transformers was the
Seventh Report published in April 1961. The Joint Committee’s last two reports on overhead-type distribution
transformers were approved as American National Standards; the Seventh Report was reissued as ANSI
C57.12.20–1962.

To avoid further duplication of effort and to simplify future revisions, the EEI-NEMA Joint Committee on
Standards for Distribution Transformers was dissolved and replaced by new subcommittees of Accredited
Standards Committee on Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, C57. The work on standards for overhead-
type distribution transformers was taken over by the Subcommittee on Distribution Transformers, Overhead
and Pad-mounted, IEEE C57.12.2.

This standard was prepared by IEEE Subcommittee C57.12.2 on behalf of IEEE C57 and is a revision of
IEEE Std C57.12.20–2011. The 1981 edition included detailed requirements on relief of excessive pressure.
The 1988 revision recognized the step-down and series-multiple designs in distribution transformers, and
omitted the platform-type or station-type transformer. In recognition of the dramatic reduction in catastrophic
failures of overhead transformers since the formulation of NEMA Standards Proposal Number TR-P7–1975,
the 1988 revision included in Section 8, this updated NEMA proposal that was previously designated 2.02
of NEMA Standards Publication for Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, NEMA TR 1-1980 [B4].1
Industry consensus is that transformers that are built in conformance with this standard and that have adequate
overcurrent protection, and recognizing the limitations included therein, will provide for enclosures with
reasonable withstand capability. The 2011 revision includes significant revisions to Clause  9. The 2017
revision includes the addition of low-voltage ratings of 346 V and 600 V. This revision also includes the
addition of minimum impedance.

This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee on
Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, C57. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply
that all committee members voted for its approval.

1
The numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers of the bibliography in Annex C.

8
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

7.2.1  Tap changer for de-energized operation

(See item 3 in Figure 7 through Figure 14.) Tap changers for de-energized operation shall be provided on
tapped transformers. Each tap changer position and the tap voltage or percentage associated with it shall be
clearly identifiable by reference to nameplate information. All positions of the de-energized tap changer shall
be operative positions. Transformers may have either an internal de-energized tap changer or an externally
operated de-energized tap changer unless one or the other is specified.

The internal de-energized tap changer shall have the operating handle inside the tank above the liquid level.
The tap changer shall rotate in a clockwise direction from a high tap voltage to a lower tap voltage in the high-
voltage winding. The tap changer shall be provided with mechanical stops to identify the highest and lowest
tap positions.

The handle of the externally operated de-energized tap changer shall be brought out through the side of
the tank in or near segment 3, as shown in Figure 7 through Figure 14. It shall be designed to help prevent
accidental operation by requiring a preliminary step before the tap setting can be changed. Position numbers
or letters corresponding to the nameplate shall be clearly identifiable near the handle. There shall be located
on or adjacent to the operating mechanism a written caution statement to de-energize the transformer before
operating.

7.2.2  Series-multiple connections

(See item 14 in Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 11.) The series-multiple voltage-changing device may be an
internally mounted terminal board or externally operated switch, unless one or the other is specified. Either
device is for de-energized operation.

Internal terminal boards with movable links shall have all studs identified on the board, and the nameplate
shall show the connections to be made for each voltage.

The handle of the externally operated switch shall be brought out through the side of the tank in or near
segment 3, as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 11. It shall be designed to indicate voltage position and
to help prevent accidental operation by requiring a preliminary step before the voltage setting can be changed.
Actual voltages or position numbers corresponding to the nameplate shall be clearly identifiable near the
handle. There shall be located on or adjacent to the operating mechanism a written caution statement to de-
energize the transformer before operating.

7.2.3  Liquid-level marking

(See item 2 in Figure 7 through Figure 14.) A suitable marking inside the tank shall indicate the correct liquid
level at 25 °C.

7.2.4  Lifting lugs

(See item 5 in Figure 7 through Figure 14.) The lifting lugs shall be permanently attached to and arranged on
the tank to provide a balanced lift in a vertical direction for the completely assembled transformer and shall
be designed to provide a safety factor of five (NEMA MG2 [B3]).7 The safety factor of five is the ratio of the
ultimate stress to the working stress of the material used. The working stress is the maximum combined stress
developed in the lifting lugs by the static load of the completely assembled transformer (MIL-STD-209K[B2].)

7.2.5  Relief of excessive pressure

A means as specified in 7.2.5.1 or 7.2.5.2 shall be provided to relieve pressure in excess of pressure that
results from normal operation. This excess pressure may build up slowly due to overloads, or high ambient

7
The numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers of the bibliography in Annex C.

14
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

9.6 Test results

For a transformer enclosure to pass a test duty, it shall satisfy all of the following criteria:

a) No mechanical components from the transformer enclosure shall be propelled or dropped during the
tests.
b) There shall be no rupture of the transformer enclosure casing or seams.
c) There shall be less than one liter (one quart) of liquid emitted.
d) There shall be no expulsion of Àaming liquid during the tests.
e) No liquid shall continue to leave the inside of the transformer enclosure after the completion of the
test.
f) The transformer enclosure shall not be dislodged from its mounting.

The amount of liquid emitted, criteria c), shall be measured, when there is no observable deformation, by
measuring the liquid level before and after test. For other cases, weighing the enclosure before and after the
test or a pan may be used. The laboratory shall state, preferably at the bidding stage, and in the test report
which method is used and what is the minimum sensitivity of the method.

Table 1—Kilovolt-ampere ratings

Single-phase Three-phase
10 15
15 30
25 45
37.5 75
50 112.5
75 150
100 225
167 300
250 500
333 —
500 —

Table 2—Ratings for single-phase

transformers (single ratio)
Minimum kVA rating for low-voltage rating of:
Transformer BIL 120/240 a
2400 7200 or
high-voltage rating (kV) 277 Figure
or 7620 or
240/480 a reference
4800 7970
346 or 600
12 470GrdY/7200 95 10 50 — 7, 8
13 200GrdY/7620 95 10 50 — 7, 8
13 800GrdY/7970 95 10 50 — 7, 8
24 940GrdY/14 400 b
125 10 50 50 7, 8, 9
34 500GrdY/19 920 c d 125 10 50 50 7, 8, 9
34 500GrdY/19 920 c 150 10 50 50 7, 8, 9
2400/4160Y 60 10 — — 10
Table continues

21
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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

Table 2—Ratings for single-phase transformers (single ratio) (continued)

Minimum kVA rating for low-voltage rating of:
Transformer BIL 120/240 a
2400 7200 or
high-voltage rating (kV) 277 Figure
or 7620 or
240/480 a reference
4800 7970
346 or 600
4800/8320Y 75 10 — — 10
7200/12 470Y 95 10 50 — 11
7620/13 200Y 95 10 50 — 11
13 200/22 860Y b 125 10 50 50 11, 12
13 800/23 900Y c, d 125 10 50 50 11, 12
14 400/24 940Y c
125 10 50 50 11, 12
12 000 95 10 50 50 11, 12
13 200 95 10 50 50 11, 12
13 800 95 10 50 50 11, 12
16 340 95 10 50 50 11, 12
34 500 200 25 50 50 11, 12
a
Low-voltage rating of 120/240 V or 240/480 V is suitable for series, multiple, or three-wire service.
b
Suitable for wye-connection on systems where ground connections permit the use of 18 kV arresters.
c
Suitable for wye-connection on systems where ground connections permit the use of 27 kV arresters.
d
When specifying 125 kV BIL, adequate grounding and surge protection studies should be made.

Table 3—Ratings for single-phase transformers (series–multiple)

Minimum kVA rating for low-voltage rating of:
BIL a 120/240 b
Transformer high-voltage rating 2400
(kV) 277 Figure
or
240/480 b reference
4800
346 or 600
4160GrdY/2400 × 12 470GrdY/7200 60 × 95 10 — 7, 8
4160GrdY/2400 × 13 200GrdY/7620 60 × 95 10 — 7, 8
8320GrdY/4800 × 12 470GrdY/7200 75 × 95 10 — 7, 8
8320GrdY/4800 × 13 200 GrdY/7620 75 × 95 10 — 7, 8
12 470Grd/7200 × 24 940GrdY/14 400 95 × 125 10 — 7, 8
13 200GrdY/7260 × 24 940GrdY/14 400 95 × 125 10 — 7, 8
2400/4160Y × 7200/12 470Y 60 × 95 10 50 11
2400/4160Y × 7620/13 200Y 60 × 95 10 50 11
4800/8320Y × 7200/12 470Y 75 × 95 10 50 11
4800/8320Y × 7620/13 200Y 75 × 95 10 50 11
7200/12 470Y × 14 400/24 940Y 95 × 125 10 50 11
7620/13 200Y × 14 400/24 940Y 95 × 125 10 50 11

a Arrester coordination may require higher basic lightning impulse insulation level on the multiple connection than indicated
to achieve a minimum protective level of 20%.
b
Low-voltage rating of 120/240 V or 240/480 V is suitable for series, multiple, or three-wire service.

22
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Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE—Refer to Clause 7 for dimension tolerances. All dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in parentheses are in
inches.

Figure 1—Segment designations and interchangeability dimensions for single-phase

transformers

30
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE—Refer to Clause 7 for dimension tolerances. All dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in parentheses are in
inches.

Figure 2—Segment designations and interchangeability dimensions for three-phase

transformers

31
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE—Refer to Clause 7 for dimension tolerances. All dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in parentheses are in
inches.

Figure 3—Support Lugs A and B

32
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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE—See 7.1.1.

Figure 4—Number of terminals, description, and arrangement for three-phase transformers

NOTE 1—Corners and edges may be rounded.

NOTE 2—Refer to Clause 7 for dimension tolerances. All dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in parentheses are
in inches.

Figure 5—Terminal details—(a) eyebolt and (b) Spade H and Spade J

33
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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE—The H1 terminal for either additive or subtractive polarity is located on the left-hand side when facing the low-
voltage terminals.

Figure 6—Connections and polarity

34
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 and Table 3 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: 600 V and below.

Figure 7—Single-phase 10 kVA to 50 kVA for pole mounting (two-position) single high-
voltage cover bushing

35
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 and Table 3 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: 600 V and below (series-multiple)―5000 V and below (single ratio).

Figure 8—Single-phase 10 kVA to 500 kVA for pole mounting (single-position) single high-
voltage cover bushing

36
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: Above 5000 V

Figure 9—Single-phase 50 kVA to 500 kVA for pole mounting (single-position) single high-
voltage cover bushing, two low-voltage cover bushings

37
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: 600 V and below.

Figure 10—Single-phase 10 kVA to 500 kVA for pole mounting (single-position) two sidewall
high-voltage bushings

38
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 and Table 3 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: 5000 V and below.

Figure 11—Single-phase 10 kVA to 500 kVA for pole mounting (single-position) two high-
voltage cover bushings

39
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—Refer to Table 2 and Table 3 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 2—Low-voltage ratings: Above 5000 V.

Figure 12—Single-phase 50 kVA to 500 kVA for pole mounting (single-position) two high-
voltage cover bushings, two low-voltage cover bushings

40
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—To maintain satisfactory mechanical and electrical clearances on small kVA ratings, it is permissible to encroach
on the shaded area.
NOTE 2—Refer to Table 4 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 3—Low-voltage ratings: 600 V and below

Figure 13—Three-phase 15 kVA to 300 kVA for pole mounting and 500 kVA for platform
mounting sidewall high-voltage bushings

41
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of York. Downloaded on March 18,2018 at 17:08:25 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 IEEE Std C57.12.20-2017
IEEE Standard for Overhead-Type Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller; High
Voltage, 34 500 V and Below; Low Voltage, 7970/13 800Y V and Below

NOTE 1—To maintain satisfactory mechanical and electrical clearances on small kVA ratings, it is permissible to encroach
upon the shaded area.
NOTE 2—Refer to Table 4 for appropriate high-voltage ratings for this design.
NOTE 3—Low-voltage ratings: 5000 V and below.

Figure 14—Three-phase 15 kVA to 300 kVA for pole mounting and 500 kVA for platform
mounting high-voltage cover bushings

42
Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.

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