SERV7105-06

Vol. 6, No. 4
June 2005

SERVICE TRAINING
TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS UPDATE

New Product Introduction

(NPI)
M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS UPDATE
CONTENT

This presentation discusses the updates to the M300C Series Hydraulic Excavators. This
presentation may be used for self-paced and self-directed training.

OBJECTIVES

After learning the information in this presentation, the technician will be able to:
1. locate and identify the new components on the M300C Series Hydraulic Excavators;
2. explain the operation of the new components in the systems; and
3. identify the new testing and adjusting procedures.

REFERENCES

"M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C Hydraulic Excavators

Systems Operation" (STMG) SERV1760
"M300C Series Hydraulic Excavators Electrical and
Electronic Control Systems Operation" (TIM) SERV2707
"M300C Series Hydraulic Excavators Using Electronic Technician" (STMG) SERV1762

NOTE: Reference materials contain information on systems with no significant

changes.

Estimated Time: 2 Hours

Visuals: 39
Form: SERV7105-06
Date: 06/05

© 2005 Caterpillar Inc.

SERV7105-06 -3- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................5
Similarities and Differences ..................................................................................................9

OPERATOR'S STATION............................................................................................................10

ENGINE
No Significant Changes

ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM.......................................................................................13

M300C Series Monitor Menus .............................................................................................14
Soft Switch Panel..................................................................................................................16
Machine ECM.......................................................................................................................17

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ............................................................................................................18

Pilot Hydraulic System .........................................................................................................19
Medium Pressure Circuit ......................................................................................................22
Main Hydraulic System ........................................................................................................27

SWING SYSTEM
No Significant Changes

TRAVEL DRIVE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................32

STEERING AND SERVICE BRAKE SYSTEM ......................................................................39

MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................................41

TESTING AND ADJUSTING ...................................................................................................42

NEW TOOLING/SKILLS REQUIRED FOR SERVICE

No Significant Changes

CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................43

HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC COLOR CODE...........................................................................44

HANDOUTS...............................................................................................................................45

POSTTEST .................................................................................................................................47

POSTTEST ANSWERS .............................................................................................................49

SERV7105-06 -4- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

NOTES
SERV7105-06 -5- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS

© 2005 Caterpillar Inc.

INTRODUCTION

The M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C Wheel Hydraulic Excavators have been updated.

This presentation will cover the significant changes to the M300C Series Excavators.

The engine, machine weights, machine dimensions, and lift capacity have not changed.
SERV7105-05 -6- NPI
Vol. 5, No. X, 2005

M300C EXCAVATOR UPDATE FEATURES

- Electronically Adjustable Margin Pressure
- Proportionally Controlled Medium Pressure Function
- Electronically Controlled Travel Drive System
- Joystick Steering
- Joystick Pattern Changer

Key new features on the updated machines include:

- Electronically adjustable margin pressure (hydraulic sensitivity)
- Proportional controlled medium pressure function
- Electronically controlled travel drive system
- Joystick steering
- Joystick pattern changer
SERV7105-06 -7- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C UPDATED MACHINES

BEGINNING SERIAL NUMBERS

SALES BEGINNING
MODEL SERIAL NO.
M313C BDR2 0 0 1

M315C BDM2001

M316C BDX2 0 0 1

M318C BCZ2 0 0 1

M318C MH BEB2 0 0 1

M322C BDK2 0 0 1

M322C MH BDY2 0 0 1

This table shows the beginning machine serial numbers for the updated M300C Series Wheel
Hydraulic Excavators.
SERV7105-06 -8- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

2
5

Most major components on the M300C Series are similar to the former machines. A new
additional toolbox (1) is located under the step leading to the upper platform.

The updated machines can be equipped with a Variable Angle (VA) boom the same as the
earlier machines, which can reduce the machine's height while traveling. The VA boom is
optional. The updated machines also may be equipped with an offset boom (2). The offset
boom is available on the M313C, M315C, and M316C models. The offset boom provides
additional horizontal movement to allow digging along walls, over obstacles, and grading
parallel to machine movement.
SERV7105-06 -9- NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

FEATURES DIFFERENT SIMILAR SAME

Machine Appearance X
Operator's Station X
Engine X
Machine Electronic Control System X
Pilot Hydraulic System X
Main Hydraulic System X
Swing System X
Travel System X
Steering and Service Brake System X
Maintenance Items X

Similarities and Differences

The chart above shows the similarities and differences between the earlier M300C Series Wheel
Excavators and the updated M300C Series Wheel Excavators.
SERV7105-06 - 10 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

3 7

OPERATOR'S STATION

New switches in the cab include the medium pressure switch (1) on the left console. The
medium pressure switch is a three-position switch, which allows the operator to select one of
three functions. The three functions available are a medium pressure circuit (such as a grapple
rotate function), joystick steering, and either a hydraulic cab riser or offset boom.

NOTE: Machines cannot be equipped with both the hydraulic cab riser and offset
boom.

New switch locations on the left joystick include the horn (2) and the swing brake switch (3).
SERV7105-06 - 11 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

3 4

10

The medium pressure functions are controlled by the thumb switch (1) on the right joystick.
These illustrations show the joystick steering function active. The M300C Series monitor panel
shows the "Joystick Steering Active" display (2).

New switch locations on the right joystick include the manual low idle switch (3) and the tool
switch (4). The tool switch controls certain tool functions, such as a hammer.
SERV7105-06 - 12 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

1
4

11

The hydraulic sensitivity of the machine can be adjusted by the operator using the hydraulic
modulation enable switch (1) on the front of the right joystick (2) and the hydraulic modulation
switch (3) on the soft switch panel (4). The hydraulic sensitivity function electronically adjusts
the main hydraulic pump margin pressure using a proportional solenoid on the main pump
control valve.

The operator can choose between three levels of hydraulic sensitivity. The three levels are low
(fast), medium (smooth), or high (very smooth).

The modulation level is selected using the hydraulic modulation switch on the soft panel switch
and the function is activated by pressing the hydraulic modulation enable switch on the front of
the right joystick. When a hydraulic modulation level is selected, the Machine ECM will
illuminate one of the three LED indicators on the soft switch panel to indicate the active level
of modulation. When no LED indicators are illuminated, the ECM has disabled the function.

NOTE: The hydraulic sensitivity function adjusts the speed of the implements, but not
the implement force.
SERV7105-06 - 13 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Machine Cab
Security Monitor
System Machine ECM
(Attachment)

Product Link
(Attachment) Soft Switch Panel
Cat Data Link

Engine ECM

CAN J1939
CAN

Fuel Injection Pump

CAT
ELECTRONIC
TECHNICIAN Cat ET
COM II Adapter

12

ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM

The electronic control system controls many of the functions on the M300C Series Excavators
and is very similar to the earlier machines.

The ECMs use two data links to communicate. The Engine ECM, Machine ECM, the optional
Product Link, and the optional Machine Security System communicate via the Cat Data Link.
The monitor and soft switch panel communicate with the Engine ECM and the Machine ECM
on the J1939 CAN Data Link, but do not access the Cat Data Link.

The Machine and Engine ECMs now communicate through the CAN (J1939) data link. The
AESC data link, which provided a direct connection between the Machine and Engine ECMs
on the earlier machines, has been eliminated.
SERV7105-06 - 14 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

MAIN MENU
M300C MONITOR Quick Coupler
Preferences
MAIN MENU Select Tool
Filter / Fluid Hours
Service Options

QUICK COUPLER PREFERENCES SERVICE OPTIONS SELECT TOOL FILTER/FLUID HOURS

- Lock Select Language Machine Info No Tool Engine Oil
- Unlock Adjust Clock Operating Hours Tool 1 Engine Oil Filter
Adjust Display Tool Indicator Tool 2 Engine Coolant
- Contrast Braking Char Tool 3 Fuel / Water Sep
- Brightness (Day) Reset Service Hr Tool 4 Fuel Filter
- Brightness (Night) Tool 5 Hydraulic Pilot Oil
Hammer Return Hyd Oil Filter
Generator Hydraulic Oil

MACHINE INFO OPERATING HOURS TOOL INDICATOR RESET SERVICE HOURS

Machine Info Engine Contr - Enable Engine Oil
-engine Controller Machine Contr - Soft - Disable Engine Oil Filter
-- Part-No Monitor - Medium Engine Coolant
-- Ser-No Soft-Switch Panel - Hard Fuel / Water Sep
-- Sw-Ver Travel Fuel Filter
- Machine Contr Swing Hydraulic Pilot Oil
-- Part-No Tool 1 Return Hyd Oil Filter
-- Ser-No Tool 2 Hydraulic Oil
-- Sw-Ver Tool 3
- Monitor Tool 4
-- Part-No Tool 5
-- Ser-No Same Information But
-- Sw-Ver Different Location in Menu
- Soft-Switch Panel
-- Part-No
-- Ser-No
-- Sw-Ver

13

M300C Series Monitor Menus

The M300C Series monitor main menu structure has changed slightly. This illustration shows
the changes (in red) to the main menu structure. Machine braking characteristics can be set
using the monitor panel and will be discussed later in the presentation.
SERV7105-06 - 15 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

MAIN MENU
Quick Coupler
Preferences
Select Tool
Filter / Fluid Hours
Service Options
Service Options PW
M300C MONITOR
SERVICE OPTIONS PW MENU SERVICE OPTIONS PW
Reset Service Hours
Change Password
Active Error
Logged Error
Logged Event
Switch Status
Status
Configuration
Speed Units
Tool Adjustment
RTC Comp Interval

CONFIGURATION SWITCH STATUS STATUS RTC COMP TOOL ADJUST CHANGE

Travel Alarm INTERVAL (tool 1-5) PASSWORD
Att Pedal Front Aux Hyd Flow Sol
Boom Angle Switch Att Pedal Back Aux Hyd Pres Sol - Current - Tool Name - Current
Fuel Filler Pump Swing Pilot Press Swash Plate Angle - New - One / Two Way - New
Quick Coupler Oper Swing Brake Transm Clutch Pr - Back Dir Max Press
Generator Forward Travel Pr Hyd Oil Temp - Back Dir Max Flow
Aux Hyd Pres Sol Reverse Travel Pr Engine Speed - Front Dir Max Press
Hammer Joyst Button Act Boost Pressure - Front Dir Max Flow
AESC Time Oper Fuel Pump Fuel Temp
Travel Pedal Lock Armrest Position Coolant Temp
Forward Tr Ped Lim Int Manifold Temp
Oper Ser Br Pres Engine Oil Press
Brake Pedal Limit Battery Voltage
Crank W/O Inject Fuel Per Hour CALIBRATION
Hydraulic Mod Fuel Total Used
Cab Door Desired Engine Speed
Main Pump Machine Speed
HCR Enable Travel Pedal Pos
Medium Pressure Joystick Th Whl Pos
Offset Boom Aux Pedal Pos
Left Joystick Frt But Total Mach Distance

14

This illustration shows the menu structure of the Service Options PW (password) Menu. The
changes to the Service Options PW Menu are shown in red.

The viewable parameters that have changed will be covered later in the presentation.
SERV7105-06 - 16 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

15

Soft Switch Panel

The switches on the soft switch panel are the same as the earlier machines except for the
hydraulic modulation switch (arrow).

As previously described, the hydraulic modulation switch adjusts the hydraulic sensitivity of the
machine. When a hydraulic modulation level is selected, the Machine ECM will illuminate one
of the three LED indicators on the soft switch panel to indicate the active level of modulation.
When no LED indicators are illuminated, the ECM has disabled the function. Each time the
button is pressed, the next level of hydraulic modulation will activate and the monitor will
sound a tone.
SERV7105-06
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005
M300C MACHINE ECM INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Right Joystick One Touch Low Idle
Left Joystick Swing Brake Engage
Auxiliary Pedal Position Sensor
Service Brake Pressure Switch
Overload Warning Switch
Hydraulic Cab Riser Door Switch
Low Transmission Clutch Pressure Sensor
Medium Pressure Switch
Brake Oil Accumulator Pressure Switch
Generator Enable Switch
Alternator R Terminal
Swing Pressure Switch
Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor
Thumbwheel Position Sensor
Hydraulic Oil Clog Switch
Engine Coolant Level Switch
Main Pump Pressure Switch (AESC)
Hydraulic Oil Level Switch
Air Filter Clog Switch
Travel Pedal Position Sensor
Service Brake Pedal Switch
Right Joystick Hydraulic Modulation Armrest Position Switch
Enable Switch
Travel Pedal Limit Switch
Boom Angle Limit Switch
Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Fuel Level Sensor
Key Start Switch
Left Joystick Trigger Switch
Back-up (Limp Home) Switches (1 and 2)
Travel Lock Magnet Switch
Quick Coupler Pressure Switch
Refueling Pump Switch
Implement Lockout Relay
Diagnostic Tools
(Cat ET) CAT Data Link
Multi Function Valve
Pressure Switch Reverse
Multi Function Valve
Pressure Switch Forward
Forward Travel Pressure Sw
Reverse Travel Pressure Sw
Swashplate Angle Sensor
Machine ECM
The input and output components of the Machine ECM are shown in this illustration. The
changes to the input and output components are shown in red. The components that were used
on the earlier machines but are not used on the updated machines are shown at the bottom of
the illustration with a red line through the component name.
The new components will be covered throughout the presentation.
- 17 - NPI
Quick Coupler Solenoid Valve
Multi Function Valve
Hydraulic Oil Pressure
Multi Function Valve
Hydraulic Oil Flow
Multi Function Valve
Direction Solenoid
Travel Motor Bypass Solenoid
Swing Brake Solenoid
Travel Motor Displacement (PRV) Solenoid
Travel Alarm Horn
Travel Pilot Activation (PRV) Solenoid
Starter Relay
Transmission Gear Shift Solenoids (1 and 2)
Service Brake Lights
Machine Hydraulic Modulation Solenoid
ECM Generator Valve Solenoid
Medium Pressure Solenoids (1 and 2)
Implement Lockout Solenoid
Main Pump ( PRV) Solenoid Throttle
Position
Swing Pump ( PRV) Solenoid Switch
Engine Cooling Fan Solenoid
Travel Lock Magnet
CAT Data Link
Engine ECM
Soft
Switch
Panel
Fuel Pump ECM
Monitor
CAN Data Link
Travel Activation Solenoid
Parking Brake Solenoid
Travel Speed Solenoid
Creeper Speed Solenoid
Aux Hydraulic Cab Riser Solenoid
16
SERV7105-06 - 18 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C SERIES EXCAVATOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Stick Bucket Boom

From Joystick
Steering Manifold Swing
Motor
Steering To Dozer
Valve Blade /
Stabilizers

Travel Main Control Valve Group

Motor

To Brakes Stick
Transmission Joystick Travel Boom and
Dozer and To
Pattern Pilot Bucket
Pilot Swing Swing
Changer Valve Pilot
Valve Pilot Pump
for Stick Valve
Valve
and Boom
Service
Brake
Valve To Medium To HCR
Pressure or Offset
Attachment Boom
Steering
Priority
Valve
To Joystick
Steering
Manifold

Fan Medium
Group Pressure
Brake
Main Swing Distribution
Pilot Engine Fan
Pump Pump Manifold
Steering Pump
Pump
Pilot Manifold Medium
with Transmission Shift and Pressure
Travel Motor Controls Attach

17

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

This block diagram shows the major changes (in yellow) to the M300C Series Excavator
hydraulic system. The pilot manifold and medium pressure circuit include several new
components. A joystick pattern changer is available as an option. The travel motor is now
electronically controlled.

The components highlighted in yellow and other hydraulic system updates will be described
throughout the presentation.
SERV7105-06 - 19 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

4 5 9

3 6

10
11
7 1
8
2

18

Pilot Hydraulic System

The pilot hydraulic system for the updated machines has changed and includes several new
components. This illustration shows the pilot manifold (1) with the medium pressure control
valve (2) attached to the right side of the pilot manifold. Flow for the pilot system comes from
the single gear brake/pilot/steering and auxiliary pump the same as the earlier machines. The
pilot circuit has a separate filter, accumulator, and relief valve to regulate the maximum pilot
pressure in the circuit, which is also the same as the earlier machines.

Pilot manifold components that are the same as earlier machines are:
- Oscillating axle solenoid valve (3)
- Swing brake solenoid (4)
- Implement lockout solenoid valve (5)
- Pilot relief valve (6)
- Swing pump pilot signal limiter valve (7)
- Main pump proportional reducing valve (8)
- Pilot accumulator (not shown)
SERV7105-06 - 20 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

New components on the pilot manifold are:

Travel pilot pressure solenoid (9): controls pilot oil flow to the pilot control valve.
Travel motor swashplate angle solenoid (10): controls pilot oil flow to the travel
motor shift piston.
Transmission gear shift 1 and 2 solenoids (11): controls pilot oil to the first and
second gear transmission clutches.

Other changes to the pilot system include the travel pedal position sensor and auxiliary pedal
position sensor. These sensors send a signal to the Machine ECM indicating the respective
pedal positions. The ECM uses the signal to determine if the pedals are in the FORWARD,
REVERSE, or NEUTRAL position. Each position sensor replaces two pressure switches used
on the earlier machines.
SERV7105-06 - 21 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

JOYSTICK PATTERN CHANGER To / From

Stick
To / From
Boom
Control Valve Control Valve

Pattern Changer
AESC Two-way Valve
Switch
LS
U Signal
P
To
Transmission
Clutch To / From Swing
To / From Swing To / From Bucket To / From Bucket
Control Valve
Control Valve Control Valve Control Valve

To Stick Boom
Transmission Out Down
Clutch

Stick Boom
Pilot In Up
Manifold

Stick From Pilot Boom From Pilot

Pilot Valve Manifold Pilot Valve Manifold

19

The updated machines can be equipped with a joystick pattern changer (ball valve). The
pattern changer can change the functionality for the boom and stick functions between the left
and right joysticks. One pattern is the standard Caterpillar excavator pattern and the other
pattern is the same as the Caterpillar backhoe.
SERV7105-06 - 22 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

1
2

4 7

20

Medium Pressure Circuit

The medium pressure circuit for the updated machines has changed and includes several new
components. This illustration shows the medium pressure control valve group which is
attached to the pilot manifold. The medium pressure attachment circuit is separate from the
main hydraulic circuit. On the updated machines, the medium pressure circuit is used to
operate attachments that require low flow and medium pressure, the same as earlier machines.

The updated machines also use the medium pressure circuit to operate the joystick steering and
hydraulic cab riser or offset boom functions. Components that are the same as the earlier
machines are the pressure reducing valve (1), primary relief valve (2), and the line relief
valve (3).
SERV7105-06 - 23 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

New components in the medium pressure circuit are:

Medium pressure solenoids (4): These proportional solenoids replace the ON/OFF solenoids
on the earlier machines. The medium pressure solenoids receive a signal from the Machine
ECM to control the position of the control spool which directs oil to the selected medium
pressure function.

Medium pressure enable solenoid (5): When energized by the medium pressure switch, the
medium pressure enable solenoid shifts the directional valve to the medium pressure position.
The medium pressure enable solenoid is located in the medium pressure distribution
manifold (6).

Hydraulic Cab Riser (HCR)/offset boom enable solenoid (7): When energized by the
medium pressure switch, the HCR/offset boom enable solenoid shifts the directional valve to
the HCR or offset boom position. The HCR/offset boom enable solenoid is also located in the
medium pressure distribution manifold. The machine will be equipped with either the HCR or
the offset boom, but not both functions.
SERV7105-06 - 24 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

MEDIUM PRESSURE To / From

CONTROL VALVE GROUP Joystick Steering
To / From
MEDIUM PRESSURE ATTACHMENT FUNCTION Medium Pressure To / From HCR or
Attachment Offset Boom

HCR / Offset Boom

Enable Solenoid

Direction Control Spool

Medium Pressure
Enable Solenoid
To Stick To Boom
Pilot Valve Pilot Valve
Medium Pressure
Distribution Manifold
AESC ( If Equipped with More Than
Switch One Medium Pressure Function)
LS
U Signal
P Medium Pressure
To
Distribution Manifold
Transmission
Clutch ( If Equipped With only One
Medium Pressure Function)
Solenoid Valves Control
Spool

To
Transmission
Clutch
Pressure
Reducing Line
Medium Pressure
Valve Relief
Control Valve
Valve

Pilot Relief Attachment

Valve Relief
Valve

Pilot Manifold
From Brake
Accumulator

21

This schematic shows the components in the medium pressure control valve and the medium
pressure distribution manifold.

Oil flows from the pilot system to the medium pressure control valve. The pressure reducing
valve works with the pilot relief valve to provide the pilot system with a constant oil flow. The
pilot system has priority over the medium pressure attachment circuit.

The medium pressure control spool controls the direction of the oil flow to the medium
pressure attachment, joystick steering, and cab riser or offset boom. The medium pressure
solenoid valves control the spool position by controlling the oil at each end of the spool. The
pressure reducing valve limits pilot pressure to the medium pressure solenoid valves.

A plug is installed above the pilot relief valve on machines that are equipped with a medium
pressure attachment. The plug is used to isolate the pressure relief valve from the primary
relief valve, which ensures that the pilot pressure relief valve is independent from the pressure
reducing valve.
SERV7105-06 - 25 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

If the machine is equipped with only one medium pressure function, the medium pressure
distribution manifold will contain only flow control check valves, which control the oil flow to
the medium pressure circuit.

If the machine is equipped with more than one medium pressure function, the medium pressure
distribution manifold will contain a direction control valve spool, a medium pressure enable
solenoid, and a cab riser/offset boom enable solenoid.

With both enable solenoids de-energized, the direction control valve spool is in the center
position due to spring force, and oil is directed to the joystick steering manifold.

With the medium pressure enable solenoid energized (as shown in this illustration), oil is
directed to the left end of the direction control valve spool. The spool is shifted to the right and
oil is directed to the medium pressure function, such as grapple rotate.

With the cab riser/offset boom enable solenoid energized, oil is directed to the right end of the
direction control valve spool. The spool is shifted to the left and oil is directed to the hydraulic
cab riser or offset boom. The machine is equipped with either the hydraulic cab riser or offset
boom, but not both attachments.
SERV7105-06 - 26 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

To Remote Pressure Tap

for Joystick Steering Swivel
From Transmission
Shift Valve

Steering
Selector Metering
Joystick Steering Manifold Valve Unit

To / From Medium Pressure Rotary

Spool
Distribution Manifold

M300C STEERING SYSTEM Makeup

Orifice
Orifice
JOYSTICK STEERING Valve Check

Check
Valve
Steering Signal
Limiter

To Priority
From Valve
Priority Valve

22

When the joystick steering function is selected, the medium pressure distribution manifold
directs oil from the medium pressure control valve to the joystick steering manifold. Oil also
flows through one of the check valves in the joystick steering manifold to the steering cylinder.

If the machine is in first gear, the transmission shift solenoid in the pilot manifold directs pilot
oil to the control spool in the joystick steering manifold. The spool directs oil to the solenoid
valve. When the medium pressure switch in the cab is moved to the joystick steering position,
the solenoid valve is energized. Oil flows through the solenoid valve and opens the other check
valve to allow return oil from the steering cylinder to flow to the tank. The steering cylinder
causes the front wheels to turn.
SERV7105-06 - 27 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

MAIN CONTROL VALVE GROUP

To / From To / From
Stabilizer Cylinders Travel Motor

Travel
Bypass
To Valve
Quick Coupler

Signal
Unload
VA Boom Dozer/ Stick Travel Drain Bucket
Valve Boom Stabilizer Valve

Main
Relief
Signal Valve
Limiter
Valve

To Combined Function Valve

From Main Pump
To AESC Pressure Switch
To Load Sense Remote Pressure Tap
To Main Pump Control Valve
To Main pump Remote Pressure Tap

23

Main Hydraulic System

Changes to the main hydraulic system are shown in red. The changes include an unloading
valve, which has been added to the main control valve. The unloading valve directs some of
the pump oil flow to the tank, which allows the pump to destroke faster. The unloading valve
improves the machine fine control and increases the implement response time. The unloading
valve also minimizes pressure spikes as the hydraulic cylinders move to the end position.

The travel motor bypass solenoid valve limits pressure spikes when the travel function is
initiated. When energized by the Machine ECM, the travel bypass solenoid valve directs some
of the high pressure oil to the tank. The bypass valve is only energized when the transmission
is in first gear. If the travel pedal is fully depressed, the bypass valve closes after 2 seconds.
The bypass valve remains open if the travel pedal is not fully depressed.

NOTE: Two ports on the bypass valve are not used.

The AESC pressure switch is new and will be discussed on the following page.
SERV7105-06 - 28 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

PILOT MANIFOLD
From Stick In
To Joystick Steering Manifold Pilot Valve
From
To Transmission Clutch Boom Down LS Signal
Pilot Valve From Main Control Valve
To Remote Pressure Taps
To To OSC
Transmission To Swing and AESC
Axle Implement Pilot Valves
Pilot Valve Cylinder Pressure Switch
U
P

Travel
Pilot Travel Swing Main
Control Motor Pump Pump
Control Control Control

To Travel Motor
Displacement Valve
Pilor To Combination Valve From Brake
Accumulator Accumulator
To Remote Pressure Tap
To Main Pump Control Valve
To Remote Pressure Tap
To Swing Pump Control Valve
To Swing Brake

24

The Automatic Engine Speed Control (AESC) was controlled by a signal from the main pump
swash plate angle sensor on earlier machines. The swash plate angle sensor has been
eliminated.

The Machine ECM now receives a signal from the AESC pressure switch on the pilot manifold.
The AESC pressure switch senses the load sensing pressure signal from the main control valve,
the boom down pilot pressure signal, and the stick in pilot pressure signal. If any of the three
pressures exceed a certain value, the AESC pressure switch sends a signal to the Machine
ECM. The Machine ECM analyzes the signal and sends a signal via the Cat Data Link to the
Engine ECM. The Engine ECM increases the engine rpm to the speed selected on the throttle
position switch. If there is no signal between 1 and 10 seconds (adjustable time frame) the
engine speed slows down to approximately 950 rpm.

NOTE: The AESC strategy is similar to the M300A Series Hydraulic Excavators. The
main difference is that the M300A machines used four AESC switches and the M300C
Series updated machines use only one AESC switch.
SERV7105-06 - 29 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

25

The hydraulic modulation solenoid (1) located on the main pump control valve (2) is new on
the updated machines. The hydraulic modulation solenoid electronically adjusts the main pump
margin pressure from approximately 1000 kPa (145 psi) to 2100 kPa (305 psi). The Machine
ECM controls the hydraulic modulation solenoid.

Adjusting the margin pressure changes the speed of the implements but not the implement
force.

As previously described, the margin pressure is set using the hydraulic modulation enable
switch on the front of the right joystick and the hydraulic modulation switch on the soft switch
panel. The margin pressure adjustment is made with the implement functions disabled. The
solenoid does not require calibration.

For safety reasons the hydraulic modulation feature is disabled under any of the following
conditions:
- When the generator is active and the generator enable switch is ON.
- When one of the tools is active and the left attachment pedal is depressed.
- When the hammer is operating.
- When the machine is traveling, the implement lockout switch is ON, and the machine is
in second gear.
- When the machine is traveling, the implement lockout switch is OFF, the machine is
SERV7105-06 - 30 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

HYDRAULIC MODULATION FEATURE

MACHINE SETTINGS

Soft Switch Panel Setting Current (mA) Pressure (kPa /psi)

( Implement Speed)

Off 200 2100 (305)

Right LED (Fast) 320 1800 (260)

Center LED (Smooth) 480 1400 (205)

Left LED (Very Smooth) 620 1000 (145)

26

The chart above shows the output current and the margin pressure when the hydraulic
modulation feature is activated.
SERV7105-06 - 31 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M313C-M322C MAIN PUMP GROUP OPERATION

ENGINE OFF From PRV

To SIGNAL
Boom, Dozer, Travel,
AESC
Bucket, and Aux. Valves
Switch LS DAMPER
HOSE
Signal
Limiter Hydraulic
Valve Modulation Load Sensing
Solenoid Spool

Throttle
Unload Check
Valve
Valve
Horsepower
Control Spool
Lever

Main Actuator
Relief Piston
Valve Power Shift
Piston

Max. Angle
Piston
Signal
Dump
Valve Engine

VA Boom Valve

Min. Angle
Main Control Main Pump Piston
Valve Group Group

27

When energized, the hydraulic modulation solenoid moves the load sensing spool to the right
against spring force to lower the margin pressure and destroke the pump. As the pump is
destroked, the machine responsiveness and hydraulic oil flow to the implements is limited.
SERV7105-06 - 32 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

3
2

28

TRAVEL DRIVE SYSTEM

The travel drive system consists of a variable displacement bi-directional piston travel
motor (1), two-speed transmission (2), and two drive axles (3). The transmission and drive
axles are similar to the earlier machines. The travel motor is new on the updated machines.

The travel drive system is electronically controlled in the updated machines. The travel motor
swashplate angle and travel pilot oil to the travel control valve are controlled electronically.
SERV7105-06 - 33 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C MACHINE ECM INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

TRAVEL DRIVE SYSTEM

Low Transmission Main Pump ( PRV) Solenoid

Clutch Pressure Sensor
Travel Lock Magnet
Travel Lock Magnet Switch

Creeper Speed
Machine Travel Motor Bypass Solenoid
Transmission Speed ECM
CAN
Implement Lockout Travel Motor Displacement (PRV) Solenoid
Data Link
Creeper Speed Solenoid
Soft Switch Panel
Travel Pilot Activation (PRV) Solenoid
Transmission Output Speed Sensor
Travel Pedal Position Sensor Transmission Gear Shift Solenoids (1 and 2)
Forward Travel Pressure Switch Travel Activation Solenoid
Reverse Travel Pressure Switch Parking Brake Solenoid
Travel Speed Solenoid

29

This illustration shows the new travel drive system electrical components in red. The
components that are the same as earlier machines are shown in black. The components that
were on the earlier machines but have been eliminated are shown with a red line through the
component name.

The transmission gear shift solenoids control transmission shifting and the parking brake
function. The transmission gear shift solenoids perform the same function as the travel
activation solenoid, parking brake solenoid, and travel speed solenoid on the earlier machines.

The creeper speed solenoid has been eliminated and the creeper function is now controlled by
the travel motor displacement solenoid.

The travel pedal position sensor sends a signal to the Machine ECM indicating the travel pedal
position. On the earlier machines the forward and reverse travel pressure switches signaled the
Machine ECM when the travel pedal was depressed.
SERV7105-06 - 34 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

4
3 2

30

The transmission gear shift solenoids (1) are mounted together and located on the pilot
manifold (2). The transmission gear shift solenoids control transmission shifting and the
parking brake function. The top gear shift solenoid directs pilot oil to release the first speed
clutch and the bottom gear shift solenoid directs pilot oil to release the second speed clutch.
When both gear shift solenoids are de-energized, pilot oil to the transmission clutches is
blocked. Both clutches are engaged by spring force. With both clutches engaged the
transmission is locked, which serves as the parking brake.

The travel motor swashplate angle proportional solenoid valve (3) controls pilot oil flow to the
travel motor shift piston, located in the travel motor. The shift piston controls the position of
the travel motor swashplate. The travel motor swashplate angle solenoid is controlled by the
Machine ECM.

The travel pilot pressure proportional solenoid valve (4) controls pilot oil flow to the pilot
control valve. The pilot control valve directs pilot oil to the travel spool in the main control
valve. Therefore, the travel pilot solenoid controls the amount of oil sent to the travel spool and
travel spool movement.

NOTE: The parking brake accumulator that was on the pilot manifold has also been
eliminated from the updated machines. The accumulator has been replaced by a spring
loaded accumulator in the transmission housing.
SERV7105-06 - 35 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

31

The machine braking characteristics can be set using the monitor panel or Cat ET. The operator
can select "Hard," "Medium," or "Soft." The Machine ECM will control the
"electronic/hydraulic braking" through the travel motor displacement PRV solenoid, travel pilot
activation PRV solenoid, and the main pump PRV solenoid.
SERV7105-06 - 36 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

32

The travel motor bypass solenoid valve (arrow) is located on the travel section of the main
control valve.

As previously described, the travel motor bypass solenoid valve limits pressure spikes when the
travel function is initiated. When energized by the Machine ECM, the travel bypass solenoid
valve directs some of the high pressure oil to the tank. The bypass valve is only energized
when the transmission is in first gear. If the travel pedal is fully depressed, the bypass valve
closes after 2 seconds. The bypass valve remains open for more than 30 seconds if the travel
pedal is not fully depressed.
SERV7105-06 - 37 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

2 3
1

33

A transmission speed sensor (1) is now located in the rear of the transmission. The speed
sensor sends a signal to the Machine ECM indicating transmission speed. The speed signal is
used by the ECM to determine ground speed, which is displayed on the monitor panel in the
cab. The speed signal is also used by the ECM to compare the actual speed of the machine to
the desired machine speed as requested by the operator.

Oil from the transmission gear shift solenoids is directed to the transmission clutches and enters
the transmission at the "B" inlet (2) for second gear and the "K" inlet (3) for first gear.

A modulation valve (4) is located behind a plate (5) at the top of the transmission. The
modulation valve restricts oil flow to the pilot manifold from inlet "B," which allows the
transmission clutches to engage smoothly.

To tow the machine, the transmission clutches must be released. To release the transmission
clutches, grease is added to the grease fitting (6) on the right side of the transmission. To
engage the transmission clutches, the purge valve must be opened (7) to release the pressure on
the clutches.
SERV7105-06 - 38 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

The transmission downshift inhibitor is no longer used on the updated machines. The
transmission downshift inhibitor was used to protect the transmission and travel motor from
overspeeding during a gear shift change. Overspeeding is controlled electronically by the
Machine ECM on the updated machines.
SERV7105-06 - 39 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

SERVICE BRAKE VALVE

CUT-IN / BRAKES RELEASED
To Rear Brakes To Front Brakes
Brake Valve Brake Light
Pressure Switch

Low Brake Shuttle

Pressure Switch

Cut-in / Cut-out
Spools
To Pilot Circuit

Unloading Accumulator
Valve Charging Valve

34

STEERING AND SERVICE BRAKE SYSTEM

The brake cylinder volume in the axles has been increased in the updated machines. Therefore,
two additional accumulators have been added to the brake and accumulator charging valve.
The brake system operates the same as earlier machines.
SERV7105-06 - 40 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C AXLE CHANGES

- Disc Brakes Splined to Hub not Axle Shaft
- Reduces backlash in planetary gears
- Machine is easier to control
- More efficient operation
- Axle Oil Change Interval was 1000 Hours
- Increased to 1500 hours (if more than 25% travel)
- Increased to 2000 hours (if less than 25% travel)

35

The disc brakes on the updated machines are splined to the hub, which reduces backlash in the
planetary gears. On the earlier machines the disc brakes were splined to the axle shaft.

With the disc brakes splined to the hub, the machine is easier to control and operates more
efficiently.

Also, the axle oil change interval has increased from 1000 service hours to 1500 service hours
(more than 25% travel) or 2000 service hours (less than 25% travel).
SERV7105-06 - 41 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

36
1

37
2

MAINTENANCE

An axle oscillation remote grease block (1) has been added to the updated machines. The
remote grease block reduces service time by providing easy access from a single location.

There is also one central remote grease point (2) for the dozer blade, which replaces eight
individual grease points.
SERV7105-06 - 42 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

M300C Update Machine Tests

TEST NEW DIFFERENT SAME

Pilot Pressure X
Main Pump Margin Pressure X
Main Pump Standby Pressure X
Travel Speed Limitation X
Travel Spool Flow Test X
Travel Motor Upstroking Point X
Travel Motor Destroking Point X
Swing System Tests X
Travel Motor Swashplate PRV Cal. X
Travel Activation PRV Cal. X
Main Pump PRV Cal. X
Medium Pressure Function X

38

TESTING AND ADJUSTING

The chart above lists the testing and adjusting procedures that are new or have changed on the
M300C updated machines.
SERV7105-06 - 43 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

39

CONCLUSION

This presentation has provided New Product Introduction (NPI) information for the Caterpillar
M313C/M315C/M316C/M318C/M322C Hydraulic Excavators. All new components and their
locations were identified and discussed. When used in conjunction with the Service Manual,
the information in this package should permit the technician to analyze problems in any of the
major systems on these machines.
SERV7105-06 - 44 - NPI
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

Hydraulic Schematic Color Code

Black - Mechanical connection. Seal Red - High pressure oil

Dark Gray - Cutaway section Red/White Stripes - 1st pressure reduction

Light Gray - Surface color Red Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in pressure

White - Atmosphere or Pink - 3rd reduction in pressure

Air (no pressure)

Purple - Pneumatic pressure Red/Pink Stripes - Secondary source oil pressure

Yellow - Moving or activated components Orange - Pilot, signal, or Torque Converter oil

Cat Yellow - (restricted usage) Orange/White Stripes -

Identification of components Reduced pilot, signal, or TC oil pressure
within a moving group
Orange Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in
Brown - Lubricating oil pilot, signal, or TC oil pressure.

Green - Tank, sump, or return oil Blue - Trapped oil

Green/White Stripes -
Scavenge Oil or Hydraulic Void

HYDRAULIC SCHEMATIC COLOR CODE

This illustration identifies the meanings of the colors used in the hydraulic schematics and
cross-sectional views shown throughout this presentation.
 SERV7105-06

Hydraulic Schematic Color Code

Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

Black - Mechanical connection. Seal Red - High pressure oil

Dark Gray - Cutaway section Red/White Stripes - 1st pressure reduction

Light Gray - Surface color Red Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in pressure

White - Atmosphere or Pink - 3rd reduction in pressure

Air (no pressure)

Purple - Pneumatic pressure Red/Pink Stripes - Secondary source oil pressure

- 45 -

Yellow - Moving or activated components Orange - Pilot, signal, or Torque Converter oil

Cat Yellow - (restricted usage) Orange/White Stripes -

Identification of components Reduced pilot, signal, or TC oil pressure
within a moving group
Orange Crosshatch - 2nd reduction in
Brown - Lubricating oil pilot, signal, or TC oil pressure.

Green - Tank, sump, or return oil Blue - Trapped oil

Green/White Stripes -
Scavenge Oil or Hydraulic Void
Handout No. 1
SERV7105-06 - 46 - Handout No. 2
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

Machine Component Identification Checklist

Directions: Use this sheet and service information to complete the machine component
identification checklist. Place a check in the blank after locating each of the following new
components.

_____ Toolboxes
_____ Offset boom (if equipped)
_____ Medium pressure switch
_____ Joystick thumbswitch
_____ Hydraulic modulation enable switch
_____ Hydraulic modulation switch
_____ Travel pedal position sensor
_____ Auxiliary pedal position sensor
_____ Travel pilot activation solenoid
_____ Travel motor displacement solenoid
_____ Transmission gear shift solenoids
_____ Hydraulic cab riser door switch (if equipped)
_____ AESC pressure switch
_____ Transmission output speed sensor
_____ Hydraulic modulation solenoid
_____ Medium pressure solenoids
_____ Joystick pattern changer (if equipped)
_____ Joystick steering manifold (if equipped)
_____ Travel bypass valve
_____ Travel motor adjustment screws
SERV7105-06 - 47 - Handout No. 3
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

Posttest
1. The offset boom is available on which of the following M300C updated machines?
A. M313C
B. M318C
C. M318CMH
D. M322C

2 The medium pressure switch allows the operator to select which of the following
functions?
A. Joystick steering
B. Medium pressure circuit attachment
C. Offset boom
D. All of the above

3. The hydraulic modulation function allows the operator to select how many levels of
hydraulic sensitivity?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

4. Which of the following data links has been eliminated on the M300C update machines?
A. Cat Data Link
B. AESC Data Link
C. CAN Data Link
D. None of the above

5. Joystick steering is operational in:

A. first gear only
B. second gear only
C. first and second gear
D. only when creeper gear is active

6. The AESC switch senses load sensing signal pressure from the main control valve and the:
A. bucket pilot pressure signal
B. boom down pilot pressure signal
C. stick out pilot pressure signal
D. swing pilot pressure signal
SERV7105-06 - 48 - Handout No. 4
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

7. The transmission gear shift solenoids control transmission shifting and:

A. creeper speed
B. the travel motor swashplate angle
C. the oscillating axle
D. the parking brake

8. Which of the following components limits pressure spikes when the travel function is
initiated?

A. Travel activation PRV

B. Travel motor PRV
C. Travel motor bypass solenoid
D. Transmission shift solenoid

9. Which of the following components improves the machine fine control and increases the
implement response time?

A. Unloading valve
B. Signal limiter valve
C. Main relief valve
D. Transmission

10. Creeper speed is controlled by the:

A. Creeper solenoid
B. Transmission gear shift solenoid
C. Travel activation PRV
D. Travel motor PRV
SERV7105-06 - 49 - Handout No. 5
Vol. 6, No. 4, 2005

Posttest Answer Key

1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. D