RE wall Review general checking points Note:

Referance: 1) IRC:SP:102 -2010

2) BS: 8006-1: 2010

Sr.No. Description Ans. Remarks

• Retained soil/fill (Clause no. 3.1 of IRC:SP:102-2010)

1 Which type of retained soil/fill use
2 Angle of internal friction (ø) ≥ 25°
3 Plasticity index ≤ 20

4 Which type of Configuration of retained fill

Properties of soil given to determine the

5
lateral erath pressure?

If configuration of RE wall as per fig. 2A ,

6 the friction value of retained fill < reinforced
fill?

If configuration of RE wall as per fig. 2B,

7 the earthe pressure acting on reinforced
zone is same as properties of reinforced fill?

Drainage bay provided between the retained

8 and reinforced fill ?
(If retained fill is not permeable)

• Reinforced Soil/Fill (Clause no. 3.2 of IRC:SP:102-2010)

1 The reinforced soil/fill is borrowed ?
2 Properties of reinforced soil/fill given ?
The gradation of the reinforced fill is as per
3
table.1?
4 Plasticity index (PI) ≤ 6
5 Uniformity Coefficient (Cu) > 2

• Drainage Bay (Clause no. 3.3 of IRC:SP:102-2010)

1 Drainage bay width? ( 600 min)
The gardation of aggregate used in the bay
2
is as per Table 2.

• Facing Elements (Clause no. 3.4 of IRC:SP:102-2010)

Following facing system use in RS wall
a Precast reinforced concrte panels
Precast concrete blocks and precast
b
concrete hollow blocks
c Gabion facing

d Warp around facing using geosynthetics

Metallic facing, prefabricated in different

e
shaps

Facia panels and the reinforcing elements

shall be done by using nut or bolt, HDPE
1 inserts with bodkin joint, hollow embedded
devices, polymeric/steel
strips/rods/pipes, fibre glass dowels

Minimum grade of concrete block and

2
panels is M35 High Density Polyethylene.
Concrete panels should be of minimum
3
140mm.
Hollow area of blocks should not exceed 40
4
percent of the c/s area.
The outer side of the block shall have
5 minimum thickness of 85 mm and the ineer
side 45mm

Blcok facing can be use in zones where

6 seismic activity is high, typically Zone-IV,
and Zone V, as defined by IRC:6.

Connection of panel/block with

reinforcedment should be clearly defined
7
and tested as per ASTM D-6916 and D-
6638.

1 Mansi Shah
• Reinforcement (Clause no. 3.5 of IRC:SP:102-2010)

a Metalic elements like bars, strips, plates etc

b Metalic reinforcement in form of mesh

Polymeric elements like strips, grids, rods,

c
mesh etc.

The tensile strength should be evaluted by

conducting a wide width tensile test. (Iso
1
10319 or ASTM D 6637 or EN 10223-3 for
woven steel wire mesh)

The design life of bridge elements and the

2 strength of polymeric reinforcement should
be estimated same.

Long term of design strength of

3 geosynthetic reinforcement should be
determined
LTD=Tchar/{f1*f2*f3*f4}
Metalic reinforcemem exhibits relatively
4
negligible creep
The metalic reinforcement should be coated
with zinc to delay exposure and eventual
5
corrosion. (Zinc coating should not be <
140 micron)

• Quality of material

Test of reinforcement carried out as per

1
clause 4.1 of IRC:SP:102-2010

Test of reinforced and retained fill carried

2
out as per clause 4.2 of IRC:SP:102-2010

Test of concrete carried out as per clause

3
4.1 of IRC:SP:102-2010

• Design point

Analyisis is done in two distinct parts

1 Analyisis
External stability and internal stability

External stability deals with stability of the

2
reinforced block .
Internal stability deals with mechanisms of
3 transfer of lateral pressure to
reinforcedment
External stability Internal stability

Bearing and tilt failure

Slliding and overturning
Global Stability

2 Mansi Shah
 TYPICAL CALCULATIONS FOR REINFORCED SOIL WALL (STATIC)
CALCULATION FOR MODULAR BLOCK WALL OF HEIGHT 10.75m

DESIGN INPUT PARAMETERS

Reinforced soil Data
Unit weight of the fill ϒ1 20 kN/m3
Cohesion C1 0 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction Ø1 32

Retained Backfill soil Data

Unit weight of the fill ϒ2 20 kN/m3
Cohesion C2 0 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction Ø2 32

Foundation Soil Data

Unit weight of the fill ϒ3 18 kN/m3
Cohesion C3 0 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction Ø3 30o

Bearing capacity factors of foundation soil

Angle of internal friction Ø3 30o

Nc 30.14
Nq 18.4
Nϒ 22.4

Load data
Live load surcharge qL 24 kPa
Density of earth crust or 24 kN/m3
pavement
Area of carsh barrier + 1 m2
Friction slab
Density of concrete 25 kN/m3
Strip load due to crash barrier 13.05 kPa
qc
& Friction slab
Strip load due to crash barrier 25 kN/m
SL
& Friction slab
Width of friction slab W 1.8 m
Point of load of strip load
d 0.9 m
from inner face of wall
(As per
Cl. 3.6
Horizontal Impact load on IRC SP-
FL 15 kN/m 102-
crash barrier
2014)

Depth of Crust or pavement 0.6 m

 Wall Inclinication
Measured from Horizontal α 90o

Slopes
Back slope angle β 0o

Sesimic parameters
Seismic Zone II III IV V
Zone Factor (Z) 0.1 0.16 0.24 0.24
Average Response
Acceleration Coefficient for 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
5% damping (Sa/g)
Importance factor (I) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Response reduction factor (R) 3 3 3 3

Max.Horizontal Ground
Acceleration Coefficient, Ash = 0.0625 0.1 0.1 0.225
(Z/2) * (Sa/g) / (R/I)

Max. ground acceleration (A)

(Max. of Ash or Z/2 cl. 6.4 IS 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.225
1893: 2002)

Seismic Zone (Z) III

Max. ground acceleration (A) 0.10

Max. wall acceleration 0.14 (As per Eq. A3.1 page no. 38 IRC SP 102-2014)
(Am) = (1.45-A) * A

As Per (Mononobe Okabe Analysis) Eq. A3.1 IRC SP 102-2014

Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient, (KAE) =
cos² (φ-ƛ-90+α) 1

cosƛ cos² (90-α ) cos(ß+90-α+ƛ)

[ 1+ {sin(φ + ß) sin(φ-ƛ- ß)/cos(ß+90-α+ƛ) cos(ß-90+α)}^0.5
]2

ƛ= TAN¯¹ [ Ksh/(1-Ksv)] ƛ
Dynamic Earth Pressure if Am> 0 KAE 0.425
Coefficient,
if Am=0 KAE 0.333
Dynamic Earth Pressure DKAE 0.092
Coefficient Increment

Panel & Reinforcement Geometry

Width of Panel 2 m

Width of Reinforcement strip 0.09 m

 Crash Barrier Data

Strip load due to crash barrier q 13.05 kPa

Live Load
Live Load should be considered as per provisions of IRC:78-
2014

Water table is considered below the influence zone.

General Shear failure is considered.

Coefficient of active earth pressure(ka)

FOR REINFORCED SOIL

Summary of partial load factors
Partial Factors to be used
Ultimate limit Serviceability
Partial factors
state limit state
To be applied tan Ø'p (fms) 1.0 1.0
Soil material factors To be applied C' (fms) 1.6 1.0
To be applied Cu (fms) 1.0 1.0

Soil/Reinforcement Sliding across surface of reinforcement (f s) 1.3 1.0

interfaction factors:
Pullout resistance of reinforcement (fp) 1.3 1.0
Foundation bearing Capacity : To be applied to
1.35 N.A.
qult (fms)
Partial factors of safety
To Sliding along base of the structure or any
horizontal surface where there is soil-soil 1.2 N.A.
contact (fs)

Partial load factors for load combinations associated with walls

Combinations
Effects
A B C Siesmic
Mass of the reinforced soil body (ffs) 1.5 1 1 1
Mass of the backfill on top of the reinforced soil wall (f fs) 1.5 1 1 1
Earth pressure behind the structure (ffs) 1.5 1.5 1 1
Traffic load: On reinforced soil block (fq) 1.5 0 0 0.5
Behind reinforced soil block (fq) 1.5 1.5 0 0.5
Geosynthetic Material factors for determining the LTDS (Main reinforcement)

Types of Strap material to be used in the design Reinforcement Material:- Paraweb

Main Reinforcement

Reductio Reductio
n factor Width
Tensile Material n factor Creep Rami-
UCS for LTDS* of
Type of Strap Strength
kN
factor
Installati
for reductio fication
kN Paraw
(kN) (fm) Durabilit n factor factor
on eb (m)
Damage y

30 KN 30.16 20.8 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 16.83 0.085

40 KN 40.20 27.72 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 22.43 0.085
50 KN 50.27 34.67 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 28.05 0.085
60 KN 60.32 41.6 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 33.66 0.095
75 KN 75.40 52.00 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 42.07 0.095
85 KN 85.45 58.93 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 47.68 0.095
100 KN 100.54 69.34 1.792 1.03 1.20 1.45 1 56.1 0.095

Soil Reinforcement Interation

= (α) = 0.800
Factor
At top = μ0 = 0.462
At 6 m depth from top = μ6 = 0.462
After 6m depth from top = μ = 0.462
(αtanØ'p/fms)
 CALCULATION FOR HEIGHT 1.6m

Wall Geometry
Height of facing (H) = 0.60 m
Soil Height (Earth crust) = 0.60 m (including 2nd Tier wall if any)
Embedment depth (Dm) = 1.00 m
Total height of the wall = 7.105 m
Design Height (H) = 7.105 m
Mechanical height (Hm) = 2.20 m
Minimum length of = 4.97 m 0.7*H 4.9735 5.65
Reinforcement
Trail Length of Strap (L) = 3.00 m (Minimum Required)
Length of Strap (L) = 3.00 m

Dead load surcharge 2nd Tier

= 13.2 kPa
+ qd (Earth Crust)

External stablity analysis (Static)

Length of Strap at Bottom = 3.00 m
Layer

For reinforced soil:

Ka1 = (1-sinØ1)/(1+sinØ1)
= 0.307
Wall batter θ = 2.291 Deg.

For retrained backfill soil:

Ka2 = (1-sinØ2)/(1+sinØ2)
= 0.307

Calculation of factored Horizontal load (Rh)

Type of Force Formula used P.F (ffs) Case A P.F (ffs) Case B P.F (ffs) Case C P.F (ffs) Seismic Units

½ x k x γ x H2 x ffs 1.5 232.66 1.5 232.66 1.0 155.11 1.0 155.11 kN/m
P2 - Earth pressure due to live
ka2 x qL x H x ffs 1.5 78.5906 1.5 78.59 0.0 0.00 0.5 26.20 kN/m
load surcharge
P3 - Due to dead load
ka2 x qd x H x ffs 1.5 43.2248 1.5 43.22 1.0 28.49 1.0 28.49 kN/m
surcharge
P4 - Horizontal strip load ffsx FL 1.5 22.50 1.5 22.50 1.0 15.00 0.0 0.00 kN/m
PIR 0.5 x Am x γ1 x H2 - - - - - - 1.0 3.58 kN/m

(50%)PAE 0.5 x ∆KAE x γ2 x H2 - - - - - - 1.0 46.4425 kN/m

(P1 + P2 + P3 + P4)
Rh-Total factored Horizontal for case A,B (P1 + 376.98 376.98 198.60 259.82 kN/m
load P2 + P3 + PIR + 50
% PAE) for seismic
 Calculation of factored vertical loads (Rv)
Type of Force Formula used P.F (ffs) Case A P.F (ffs) Case B P.F (ffs) Case C P.F (ffs) Seismic Units

V1 - Self weight of reinfocred γ1 x H x L 1.5 802.9 1.0 426.30 1.0 426.30 1.0 426.30 kN/m
soil wall
V2 - Strip load due to crash qxb 25.3
barrier

qL x L x ffs 1.5 72.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.5 36.00 kN/m
V2 - Due to live load surcharge
V3 - Due to dead load qd x L x ffs 1.5 39.15 1.0 39.15 1.0 39.15 1.0 39.15 kN/m
surcharge
V4- Due to strip load ffs x SL 1.5 25.00 1.0 25.00 1.0 25.00 0.0 0.00 kN/m
surcharge
RV-Total factored vertical V1 + V2 + V3 + V4 939.0 490.5 490.5 501.5 kN/m
load

Sliding along base

Formula used Case A Case B Case C Seismic Units

P1 + P2 + P3 Static and (P1 + P2 + P3 +

Sliding forces PIR + 50 % PAE) for seismic 354.48 354.48 183.60 259.82 kN/m

Resisting force Rv * (tanØ'p / fms)+ (C3 * L / fms) 204.60 94.80 94.80 101.20 kN/m
(Static) / (Seismic)

Calculation of Disturbing moment (Md)

Moment Formula used Case A Case B Case C Units
Md1 -Earth pressure P1 x H / 3 551.02 551.02 367.35 kN-m
Md2 - Live Load P2 x H / 2 279.19 279.19 0.00 kN-m
Md3 - Dead load P3 x H / 2 153.56 153.56 67.47 kN-m
Md4 - Horziontal strip load P4 x H 159.86 159.86 106.58 kN-m

Md -Total factored disturbing Md1 + Md2 + Md3 + Md4 1143.63 1143.63 541.39 kN-m
moment

Calculation of overturning moment (Mo) Seismic

Moment Formula used Seismic Units
MO1 -Earth pressure P1 x H / 3 367.35 kN-m
Mo2 - Live Load P2 x H / 2 93.06 kN-m
Mo3 - Due to horizontal inertia
P3 x H / 2 101.21 kN-m
Mo4 - Due to horizontal inertia
force Pir x H / 2 12.72 kN-m
Mo5 - Due to seismic thrust 0.5x PAE x0.6x H 197.98 kN-m
Mo -Total factored
overturning moment Mo1 + Mo2 +Mo3 + Mo4 772.32 kN-m
 Calculation of Resisting moment (Mr)
Moment Formula used Case A Case B Case C Seismic Units

Mr1 - Reinforced fill V1 x L /2 1204.30 639.45 639.45 639.45 kN-m

Mr2 - Live Load V2 x Lc /2 108.00 0.00 0.00 - kN-m
Mr3 - Dead load V3 x Lc /2 58.73 58.73 58.73 58.73 kN-m
Mr4 - Vertical strip load V4 x d 22.50 22.50 22.50 0.00 kN-m
Mr - Total factored resisting Mr1 + Mr2 + Mr3 + Mr4 1393.52 720.68 720.68 698.18 kN-m
moment

Summary Table: -1
e, L/6,
Case Rv Rh Mr Md Mo MRBP Md/Rv
(m) (m)
A 939.02 376.98 1393.52 1143.63 22.50 - 1.46 1.22 0.50
B 490.45 376.98 720.68 1143.63 - 1.47 2.33 0.50
C 490.45 198.60 720.68 541.39 - 1.47 1.10 0.50

Seismic 501.45 259.82 698.18 - 1.39 - 1.00

L/3 For Seismic

Bearing pressure (qref) Mayerhoff distribution

Bearing pressure Formula used Case A Case B Case C Seismic Units

qref Rv x / (L-2e) 11756.7 8018.0 8018.0 2328.3 kN/m3

qult cf x Nc + q x Nq + 0.5 x (L-2e) x γ3 x Nγ 487.8 453.9 453.9 485.0 kN/m3

qsafe qult./fms+gf*dm kN/m3

Minimum depth of Embedment

Criteria Dmreq. Dmaval. Check
1 Dm > Hm / 20 0.11 1 Safe
2 Dm > 0.00135qref. 15.87 1 Unsafe
3 Df >= 1m 1 1 Safe

Factor of saftey table

Ecentri
Permisible,
Case Bearing failure Overturning Sliding city, FOS
e < L/6 m
(e)
A 5.25 7.55 4.70 0.126 0.5 3.97
B 10.05 3.40 2.18 0.226 0.5 2.21
C 11.41 6.70 5.85 0.119 0.5 4.20
Seismic 14.68 10.00 3.50 0.119 1 8.40
 Wall External stablity status
Parameter Case A Case B Case C Seismic Req. F.O.S
Bearing failure Safe Safe Safe Safe 1.0
Overturning Safe Safe Safe Safe 1.2
Sliding Safe Safe Safe Safe 1.2
Ecentricity Safe Safe Safe Safe 1.0

Internal stability analysis (Static)

A) Check for Rupture of reinforcement

Q= 0.32
Case A

Elevatio Elevatio Vertical

Length Strap
n from n from spacing
Strap layers of Strap, spacing, Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
base, hi, Top, hj, of Strap,
L (m) m
m m Svj, m

1 3.00 0.40 0.40 1.20 0.80 30.20 318.30 16.70 455.0 11.5
2 3.30 0.80 1.20 0.40 0.80 8.50 267.20 1.60 941.5 1.10

Ecentricity,
Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj
ej
0.05 2.40 109.94 29.29 4.16 0.00 0.00 33.45
0.01 2.00 81.27 21.65 5.00 0.00 0.00 26.64

Case B

Vertical
Elevatio Elevatio
Length Strap spacing
Strap layers of Strap, spacing, n from n from of Strap, Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
base, hi, Top, hj,
L (m) (m) Svj,
(m) (m)
(m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 30.21 140.2 16.69 172.8 11.51

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 8.47 98.92 1.64 122 1.07

Ecentricity,
Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj
ej
0.12 2.4 50.76 13.52 2.78 0 0 16.3
0.02 2 30.28 8.07 3.33 0 0 11.4
 Case C

Vertical
Elevatio Elevatio
Length Strap spacing
Strap layers n from n from Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
of Strap, spacing, base, hi, Top, hj, of Strap,
L (m) (m) Svj,
(m) (m)
(m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 10.55 140.2 5.37 172.8 1.92

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.45 98.92 0.45 121.97 0.07

Ecentricity,
Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj
ej
0.04 2.4 47.96 12.78 2.78 0 0 15.55
0 2 30.06 8.01 3.33 0 0 11.34

Seismic Analysis

Vertical
Length Strap Elevatio Elevatio spacing
n from n from PI=
Strap layers of Strap, spacing, of Strap, Rhj Rvj Mo Mrj
base, hi, Top, hj, Wa*Am
L (m) (m) Svj,
(m) (m)
(m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 10.55 151.2 7.26 172.8 1.16

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.45 113.52 0.54 121.97 0.13

Ecentricity, Dj svj Tpj Tmd Tj Rsvj (For internal

ej stability)

0.05 2.4 52.07 13.87 0.6 14.5 69.8

0 2 34.5 9.19 0.06 9.3 52.4

Rupture check for Reinforcement FOS Req. = 1.1

Max. Tj
hj Strap T Case A, Width of Force Width of FOS
Type avialable B, C & Panel per strip Strip Status
Seismic
1.2 40 22.43 33.45 2 16.73 0.09 1.341
0.4 30 16.83 26.64 2 13.32 0.09 1.263
 Load Load Seismi Fos>=1. Fos>=
Strap length
case A case B c 3 1.3

Rhj Rvj Rsvj FOS Rhj Rvj Rsvj FOS FOS Case A Case B

3 30.2 318.3 147 4.867 30.2 140.2 64.8 2.144 6.62 Safe Safe
3.3 8.5 267.2 123.4 14.567 8.5 98.9 45.7 5.393 21.393 Safe Safe

Pull out or Adherence of Reinforcement check

(Pj) = Perimeter of jth layer total horizontal width of Strap of top and bottom faces = 0.18

Elevatio Vertical Effective Cofficien

n from spacing Strap Case A t of
Elevation from Top, hj, m length Puj FOS
base, hi, of Strap, length Tj Friction.
of Strap
m Svj, m m

1.2 0.4 0.8 3 2.77 16.73 0.462 40.8 2.439

0.4 1.2 0.8 3.3 2.61 13.32 0.462 22.41 1.682

Pr
Seismic Pullout FoS nos of
Case B Tj Puj FOS Case C Tj Puj FOS Strip/ Status
Tj Resistan Pullout
m
ce

8.15 35.36 4.339 8.15 35.36 4.339 14.5 53.27 3.682 2 Safe
5.7 19.42 3.408 5.7 19.42 3.408 9.3 33.24 3.592 2 Safe

From Bottom Layer Design Height = 1.6

Elevation from No. of

Sr. No. Strap Grade Strap Length
bottom Connector
1 40 3 0.4 2
2 30 3.3 1.2 2
 CALCULATIONS FOR REINFORCED SOIL WALL

CALCULATION OF EXTERNAL STABILITY FOR 8.12 m HIGH WALL BY STATIC ANALYSIS

• DESIGN INPUT PARAMETERS

Reinforced soil Data
Angle of internal friction Ø1 32 o

Unit weight of the fill ϒ1 20 kN/m3

Retained Backfill soil Data

Angle of internal friction Ø2 32 o

Unit weight of the fill ϒ2 20 kN/m3

Foundation Soil Data

Cohesion C3 0 kPa
Angle of internal friction Ø3 30 o

Unit weight of the fill ϒ3 18 kN/m3

Strip load due to crash barrier q 13.05 kPa

Live load qL 24 kPa
Dead load qD 13.2 kPa

Seismic Zone and factore III 0.16

Live Load

Live Load should be considered as per provisions of IRC:78-2014

• CALCULATION OF EXTERNAL STABILITY FOR 8.12m HIGH WALL BY STATIC ANALYSIS

Coefficient of active earth pressure (ka) :

For reinforced backfill :

ka = (1-sinØ)/(1+sinØ)

Wall batter = θ = 4.23 o

K1 = 0.307

For retained backfill :

K2 = 0.307
Wall height = H= 8.12 m
Length of reinforcement = L= 7.00 m

Foundation properties :

Minimum embedment = Dm = 1 m
ϒf = 18 kN/m3
unit weight of foundation soil =

Summary of partial load factors Partial Factors to be used as per Table 11 of BS 8006-1:2010
Partial factors Ultimate limit Serviceability
state limit state
To be applied tan Ø'p (fms) 1.0 1.0
Soil material factors To be applied C' (fms) 1.6 1.0
To be applied Cu (fms) 1.0 1.0
Soil/Reinforcement interfaction Sliding across surface of reinforcement (fs) 1.3 1.0
factors: Pullout resistance of reinforcement (fp) 1.3 1.0
Foundation bearing Capacity : To be applied to qult 1.35 -
(fms)
Partial factors of safety
 Partial factors of safety
To Sliding along base of the structure or any 1.2 -
horizontal surface where there is soil-soil contact (fs)

Partial load factors for load combinations associated with walls as per Table 12 of BS 8006-1 :2010
Combinations
Effects
A B C Siesmic
Mass of the reinforced soil body (ffs) 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
Mass of the backfill on top of the reinforced soil wall (f fs) 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
Earth pressure behind the structure (ffs) 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0
Traffic load: On reinforced soil block (fq) 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.5
Behind reinforced soil block (fq) 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.5

• Calculation of Vertical Loads

Self weight of Reinforced soil wall

Self weight of reinfocred soil wall

(V1 ) = γ1 x H x L
= 20.0 x 8.1 x 7.0 = 1136.80 kN/m

Strip load due to crash barrier (V2) = qxb

= 13.1 x 1.9 = 24.80 kN/m

Due to live load surcharge (V3) = qL x L

= 24.0 x 7.0 = 168.00 kN/m

Due to dead load surcharge (V4) = qd x L

= 13.2 x 7.0 = 92.40 kN/m

Total factored vertical load (RV) = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4

= 1422.00 kN/m

• Calculation of Horizontal loads

Earth pressure behind reinforced

soil block ( P1) = ½ x k x γ x H^2
= 0.5 x 0.307 x 20 x 65.9344
= 202.59 kN/m

Earth pressure due to live load

(P2 ) = K2 x qL x H

= 0.307 x 24 x 8.12
= 59.88 kN/m

Earth Pressure due to dead load

(P3) = K2 x qd x H
= 0.307 x 13 x 8.12
= 32.93 kN/m
• Check for Sliding along the base

𝑖𝑓

Sliding force (FD) = (P1+P2+P3) ffs

= 202.59 + 59.88 + 32.93 x 1.2
= 354.48

Resisting force (FR) = (Rv x tanØ'p)/fms

= 1422.00 x 0.57735 / 1.00
= 820.989

FR/FD = 2.316 > 1.2

• Check for Bearing failure

Overturning Moment (MD) = (P1xH/3+P2xH/2+P3xH2) ffs

= 202.59 x 2.706667 + 59.88 x 4.06
+ 32.93 x 4.06
= 1110.188 kN/m

Resisting Moment (MR) = (V1xL/2+V3xL/2+V4xL/2) ffs

= 4954.88

Eccentricity (e) of resultant load Rv about

the centre line of the base of width L
e = L/2 - (MR-M0)
(V1+V4+V3)

= 3.5 - (4954.88-1110.188)
(1136.80+168.00+168.0)

= 0.748 < L/6

= 0.748 < 1.17 Ok

Bearing pressure qr due to Meyerhof

distribution
qr = Rv
L-2e

= 1422.00
7 -2x0.748
= 258.38 kN/m3

qult = cf x Nc + q x Nq + 0.5 x (L-2e) x γ3 x Nγ

= 30.14 + 13.05 x 18.4 + 0.5 x 7 -2x0.748
x 18 x 22.4
= 1415.348 kN/m2

qr ≤ qult / fms+ y *Dm

258.38 ≤ 1415.348 / 1.35 + 20 x 1
258.38 ≤ 1068.406 kN/m3 Ok
 TYPICAL CALCULATIONS FOR REINFORCED SOIL WALL (STATIC)
CALCULATION FOR MODULAR BLOCK WALL OF HEIGHT 10.75m

CALCULATION OF INTERNAL STABILITY FOR 8.12 m HIGH WALL BY STATIC ANALYSIS

• Check for Rupture

For Reinforced soil:

Ø 32 o
Ka1 = (1-sinØ1)/(1+sinØ1)
= 0.307
r1 = 20 kN/m3

For retrained backfill soil:

Ka2 = (1-sinØ2)/(1+sinØ2)
= 0.307
Hj = 7.917 m
L = 7.000 m

• Foundation properties

Dm = 1 m
γ3 = 18 kN/m3

• Loads

Self weight of reinfocred soil wall

(V1 ) = γ1 x Hj x L
= 20.0 x 7.9 x 7.0 = 1108.38 kN/m

Strip load due to crash barrier (V2) = qxb

= 13.1 x 1.9 = 24.89 kN/m

Due to live load (V3) = qL x L

= 24.0 x 7.0 = 168.00 kN/m

Due to dead load (V4) = qd x L

= 13.2 x 7.0 = 92.40 kN/m

• Horizontal force

Earth pressure due to

reinforced soil block ( P1) = ½ x k2 x γ2 x Hj^2

= 0.5 x 0.307 x 20 x 62.68

= 192.59 kN/m

Earth pressure due to live load = K2 x qL x Hj

(P2 )
= 0.307 x 24.000 x 7.917
= 58.382 kN/m

Earth Pressure due to dead = K2 x qd x Hj

load (P3)
= 0.307 x 13.20 x 7.917
= 32.11 kN/m
• Check for internal sliding

Case-B

• Calculation for bottom layer of Geogrid

Internal stability analysis (Static)

A) Check for Rupture of reinforcement

Q= 0.32
Case A

Length Elevatio Elevatio Vertical

n from n from spacing
Strap layers of Strap, Strap spacing,m Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
base, hi, Top, hj, of Strap,
L (m) m m Svj, m

1 3.00 0.40 0.40 1.20 0.80 30.20 318.30 16.70 455.0 11.5
2 3.30 0.80 1.20 0.40 0.80 8.50 267.20 1.60 941.5 1.10

Ecentricity,
Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj
ej
0.05 2.40 109.94 29.29 4.16 0.00 0.00 33.45
0.01 2.00 81.27 21.65 5.00 0.00 0.00 26.64

Case B

Elevatio Elevatio Vertical

Length spacing
n from n from
Strap layers of Strap, Strap spacing,(m) base, hi, Top, hj, of Strap, Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
L (m) (m) (m) Svj,
(m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 30.21 140.2 16.69 172.8 11.51

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 8.47 98.92 1.64 122 1.07

Ecentricity,
Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj
ej
0.12 2.4 50.76 13.52 2.78 0 0 16.3
0.02 2 30.28 8.07 3.33 0 0 11.4
 Case C

Vertical
Length Elevatio Elevatio spacing
n from n from
Strap layers of Strap, Strap spacing,(m) of Strap, Rhj Rvj Mdj Mrj Mo
base, hi, Top, hj,
L (m) Svj,
(m) (m) (m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 10.55 140.2 5.37 172.8 1.92

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.45 98.92 0.45 122 0.07

Ecentricity, Dj svj Tpj Tsj Tfj Tcj Tj

ej
0.04 2.4 47.96 12.78 2.78 0 0 15.55
0 2 30.06 8.01 3.33 0 0 11.34

Seismic Analysis

Vertical
Elevatio Elevatio
Length n from n from spacing PI =
Strap layers of Strap, Strap spacing,(m) base, hi, Top, hj, of Strap, Rhj Rvj Mo Mrj Wa*Am
L (m) Svj,
(m) (m) (m)

1 3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 10.55 151.2 7.26 172.8 1.16

2 3.3 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.45 113.52 0.54 122 0.13

Ecentricity, Dj svj Tpj Tmd Tj Rsvj (For internal

ej stability)

0.05 2.4 52.07 13.87 0.6 14.5 69.8

0 2 34.5 9.19 0.06 9.3 52.4

Rupture check for Reinforcement FOS Req. = 1.1

Max. Tj
hj Strap T avialable Case A, Width of Force Width of FOS
Type B, C & Panel per strip Strip Status
Seismic
1.2 40 22.43 33.45 2 16.73 0.09 1.341
0.4 30 16.83 26.64 2 13.32 0.09 1.263
 Load Load Seismi Fos>=1. Fos>=
Strap length
case A case B c 3 1.3

Rhj Rvj Rsvj FOS Rhj Rvj Rsvj FOS FOS Case A Case B

3 30.2 318.3 147 4.867 30.2 140.2 64.8 2.144 6.62 Safe Safe
3.3 8.5 267.2 123.4 14.567 8.5 98.9 45.7 5.393 21.39 Safe Safe

Pull out or Adherence of Reinforcement check

(Pj) = Perimeter of jth layer total horizontal width of Strap of top and bottom faces = 0.18

Elevatio Cofficien
Effective
n from Vertical spacing of Strap Case A t of
Elevation from Top, hj, m base, hi, Strap, Svj, m length length Tj Friction. Puj FOS
m of Strap m

1.2 0.4 0.8 3 2.77 16.73 0.462 40.8 2.439

0.4 1.2 0.8 3.3 2.61 13.32 0.462 22.41 1.682

Pr nos of
Seismic Pullout FoS
Case B Tj Puj FOS Case C Tj Puj FOS Strip/ Status
Tj Resistan Pullout
m
ce

8.15 35.36 4.339 8.15 35.36 4.339 14.5 53.27 3.682 2 Safe
5.7 19.42 3.408 5.7 19.42 3.408 9.3 33.24 3.592 2 Safe

From Bottom Layer Design Height = 1.6

Sr. No. Strap Grade Strap Length Elevation from No. of Connector
bottom
1 40 3 0.4 2
2 30 3.3 1.2 2