B18 2 1 1996

Erratum
to
ASM E B 18.2.1 - 1996
Squareand HexBoltsandScrews(InchSeries)
Onpage13,Table
4, thefourteenth
entry
under
"Basic"
inColumn
H isrevised.
Revision
appearson the overleaf.
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
July 2003
M4496E
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ASME B18.2. la-1999
ADDENDA
to
ASME B18.2.1-1996
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS
AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
Three Park Avenue: ß New York, NY 10016

Date of Issuance: October 8, 1999
ASME is the registeredtrademark of The American Society of MechanicalEngineers.
This code or standardwas developedunder proceduresaccreditedas meeting the criteria for

American National Standards.The StandardsCommittee that approvedthe code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunityto participate.The proposedcode or standard was made available for public review
and comment that providesan opportunityfor additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction,proprietarydevice,
or activity.
ASME does not take any positionwith respectto the validity of any patent rights assertedin
connectionwith any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertaketo insure anyone
utilizinga standardagainst liabilityfor infringement of any applicable LettersPatent, nor assumes
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility.
Participationby federal agency representative(s)or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME acceptsresponsibilityfor onlythose interpretationsissuedin accordancewith governing
ASME proceduresand policies which precludesthe issuance of interpretationsby individual
volunteers.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Copyright ¸ 1999 by
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
TheAmericanSocietyof
MechanicalEngineers
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
AS:ME
B18.2.1-1906
[Revision
ofANSI
B18.2.1-1981
(R1002)]
Date of Issuance: July 29, 1997
The 1996 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda
subscription service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in re-
sponse to public review comments or committee actions to be published as
necessary. The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in
1999.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public re-
view and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry,
academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not 'approve," 'rate," or 'endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any positionwith respectto the validity of any patent rightsassertedin
connectionwith any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure any-
one utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor
assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that the determi-
nation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s)or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with gov-
erning ASME proceduresand policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by indi-
vidual volunteers.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017
Copyright O 1997 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIET• OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
ASME B18.2.1a-1999
Followingapprovalby theASME B I8 Committee andASME, andafterpublicreview,ASME B18.2.1a-

1999 was approvedby the AmericanNationalStandardsInstituteon April 9, 1999.
Addendato the 1996 editionof ASME B18.2.1 are issuedin the form of replacementpages.Revisions,
additions,
anddeletions areincorporated
directly'
intotheaffectedpages.It is advisable,
however,thatthis
page,the Addendatitle andcopyrightpages,andall replacedpagesbe retainedfor reference.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This is the first Addendato be publishedto ASME B18.2.1-1996.
Replaceor insertthepageslisted.Changesgivenbelowareidentifiedon thepagesby a marginnote,(a),

placednextto theaffectedarea.The pagesnotlistedarethereversesidesof the listedpagesandcontain
no changes.
Page Location Change
vi. 1 Correspondence
With B 18 Added
Committee
ix • Contents Updatedto reflectAddenda

10 Table 3 In fifth column,secondentry correctedby
erratato readI 1/•6
16-18 Table 4, Note (5) Four equationsdeletedby errata
Fig. 2 Fourequationsaddedby errata
Table 4, Note (l l) Revised
23, 24 Fig. 5 Four equationsaddedby errata

Table 6, Note (7) Four equationsdeletedby errata
Table 6, Note (11) Revised
33 Appendix I Deleted
35 AppendixII Revised in its entirety

This page intentionally left blank.
FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of ASME B18.2.1-1996.)
American National StandardsCommitteeB 18 for the standardizationof bolts, screws,nuts,

rivets,andsimilarfasteners
wasorganized
in March1922,asSectionalCommittee
B18,under
the aegisof the AmericanEngineering
StandardsCommittee(laterthe AmericanStandards
Association,thenthe United Statesof AmericaStandardsInstituteand, as of October6, 1969,
theAmerican NationalStandards
Institute,h•c.),withtheSocietyof Automotive Engineersand
theAmericanSocietyof Mechanical Engineers asjoint sponsors.Subcommittee 2 wassubse-
quentlyestablished
andchargedwith the responsibilityfor technicalcontentof standards
cov-
ering wrenchheadboltsandnuts.
Subcommittee 2, afterappraisal
of therexluirements
of industry,
developeda proposedstan-
dardseriesof boltheadandnutdimensions. Thisproposal wasfinallyapprovedanddesignated
a TentativeAmericanStandard in February1927.
A firstrevisionof the document wasdesignated as an AmericanStandardin March 1933,
andwasfollowedby a secondrevisionwhichwasgrantedapprovalas an AmericanStandard
in January1941.
Followingreorganization
of the B 18 Connnitteein 1947,Subcommittee
2 wasaskedto ex-
pandthe standard on headproportions intoa completeproductstandard.A proposalcoveting
squareand hexagonheadbolts,and nuts,h,exagonheadcap screws,and automotivehexagon
headboltswaspreparedandsubmitted to theB18 Committeein April 1950.While thisdraft
was underconsideration, the B 18 Committeereceiveda proposalfrom the BritishStandards
Institutionfor unificationof dimensions on products
incorporating
Unifiedscrewthreads.The
Committeewelcomedthe opportunity of discussingthe proposals
and an American-British-
CanadianConferencewas held in New York, June 1-2, 1950.
It wasagreedin the Conference thatthe essentials
of unificationcouldbe accomplishedby
selectionof mutuallysatisfactory
across-the,-flats
dimensions, sincethiswouldpermitthe use
of the samewrenches andbecause otherfeatureswouldrarelyaffectinterchangeability.After
dueconsideration,suitableexistingacross-the-flats
dimensions wereselected for thehexagon
productsaffected.
In its meetingof October13, 1950,Subcommittee 2 agreedto incorporatein theproposed
standard theconferencerecommendationson i/4in. hexagonheadbolts,5/8in. hexagonheadcap
screwsandautomotive hexagonheadbolts,5^6and3/•in. regularhexagonandsquarenuts,and
*/•6in.lightandregular
hexagon
andsquare
nuts.At a subsequent
meeting
of Subcommittee
2,
furtherchanges
wereadoptedin orderto combinethe lightandregularseriesof nutsandto
combinetheautomotive
hexagonheadbolt,'.hexagon
headcapscrew,andregularhexagonhead
close tolerance bolt.
In view of theprogressmadein theUnitedStatesandtheurgencyof standardization for mu-
tualdefense,theBritishStandardsInstitutionsponsoreda secondConferencein Londonin April
1951,to completethe unificationof certainhexagonboltsandnuts.
At a meetingon June8, 1951, Subcommittee 2 reaffirmedits acceptance
of the unifieddi-
mensions, whichcorresponded with thosein theMarch 1951draft,but attempted to selectbet-
iii
ternomenclaturefor theunifiedproducts.
A finaldraftincorporating
thenomenclature
Finished
HexagonBoltsand Nutsandcontaining numerous editorialchangeswassubmitted
for letter
ballotin September1951.Followingapprovalby theB 18Committee andthesponsors,
thepro-
posalwaspresented to theAmericanStandards
Association for approval
anddesignation
asan
AmericanStandard.This wasgrantedon March 24, 1952.
Recognizingthestandard wasin needof additionalrefinements, Subcommittee2 beganim-
mediatelyto reviseit, removinginconsistencies
withrespectto fillets,improving
thelengthtol-
erances on heavyhexagon bolts,andincorporatingnumerous othercorrectionsandclarifica-
tions.Themostnoteworthy editorialchangewasa decisiontocombine thecoverage
forhexagon
capscrewsandsquareheadsetscrewsfromtheB18.2standard withthecoverage for slotted
headcapscrewsandslottedheadless setscrewsfromtheB 18.6standard andpublishthemin
a separate
document.Therequirements for theunifiedhexagoncapscrewsandfinishedhexa-
gonboltsbeingidenticalin theoverlappingsizes,thisdatawouldnowbeavailablein twopub-
lications.
Followingapprovals by theB18 Committee andsponsororganizations,
theproposal
was submitted to the American Stand,ds Association and declared an American Standard on
February2, 1955.
A revisionof thisdocument
comprised
of numerous
editorialcorrections
andinclusion
of an
appendixforgrademarkingswasdulyapproved
anddesignated
anAmerican Standard
onApril
18, 1960.
At a meetingin February1960,Subcommittee 2 approveda recommendationto reducethe
headheightsfor heavy,heavysemi-finished, andheavyfinishedhexagon boltswhichwassub-
sequentlyapproved by letterballotof theB18Committee onAugust16,1960.A proposed stan-
dardforheavyhexagon structural
boltssubmitted andaccepted bySubcommittee2 at itsOctober
17, 1960meetingwasapproved by letterballotof theB 18Committee onMay 9, 1961.To meet
theurgentneedsof thesteelconstruction industry, it wasconsidered
necessary
to publishthe
standardfor the structuralboltsimmediately. Consequently, AppendixIV to ASA B18.2-1960
containingcoverage for therevisedheavyhexagon boltsandthenewheavyhexagon structural
bolts was released in 1962.
In Octoberof 1961,Subcommittee 2 appointed
a subgroupto reviewall productstandards
forsquareandhexagon bolts,screws,
andnuts,andto recommend simplifications
whichwould
be compatiblewithtechnical,
production,
anddistribution
advancesthathadoccurred overthe
priorseveral
years.Thesubgroup presented
itsreco•endafionsat a meeting of Subcommittee
2 in Octoberof 1962.It wasagreedthattheinternallyandexternallythreaded
products
should
bepublishedin separatedocuments assuggested,anddraftproposals foreachwerecompleted.
Theproposed revisionfor squareandhexboltsandscrews incorporated
thefollowingsub-
grouprecommendations: consolidation of hexagonheadcapscrews andfinished hexagon bolts
intoa singleproduct;consolidation of heavysemifinished hexagon boltsandheavyfinished
hexagon boltsintoa singleproduct; eliminationof regularsemifinished
hexagon bolts;a new
lengthtolerancingpatternfor all boltsandscrews; documentationof a positiveidentification
procedurefor determining whetheran externally threaded productshouldproperlybe desig-
nateda boltor a screw;andan abbreviated
andpurifiedsetof productnomenclature
reflecting
application
of theidentification
procedure.
Letterballotof thisproposal
totheB18Committee
in March, 1964 resultedin severalcommentswhich were resolvedto the satisfactionof the
Committeein Juneof 1964. Followingacceptance by the sponsororganizations,the revision
was submittedto the AmericanStandardsAssociationand wasdesignated AmericanStandard
ASA B18.2.1 on September8, 1965.
Subcommittee
2 continued to furtherdeveloprefinements initiatedby thesimplificationsub-
groupandrevisionsreflectingchanges in manufacturing practicesandconsumer requirements.
This workculminated in Subcommittee acceptanceof a 1970proposal incorporating,in addi-
tionto numerous
editorialchanges, revisions
in thefollowingsignificant areas:additionof cov-
eragefor askewheadboltsandhexheadlag screws;additionof straightness requirements to
applicableproducts;
additionof minimumfillet to squareandhexboltsandlag screws; appli-
iv
cationof UNR threads andnewconcepts forccmtrolling threadlengthonproducts havingUntied
threads;andclarificationof grademarkings,l•.readrunoutgagesandformulasfor dimensions.
Also includedwererefinementsto hex cap screwandheavyhex screwrequirements consist-
ing of additionof wrenchingheightandrevisionof underhead fillets,washerfacethicknesses
andcontrolson angularityof bearingface.The proposed revision,afterapprovalby letterbal-
lot of theB 18 Committeein March,1970wassubsequenfiy approvedby thesponsors andsub-
mitted to the AmericanNationalStandardsInstitutefor designationas an AmericanNational
Standard.This wasgrantedon January18, 1972.
Numeroususercomplaintson interference of the ellipticalfillet addedin the 1972 revision
resultedin appointmentof a subcommittee to studytheproblem.They recommended reverting
backto themax./min.radiusfillet specifiedin the 1965versionwith theellipticalfillet retained
for usewhenspecifiedby the user.Furtherrefinementsin the definitionof the fillet for short
lengthscrewswereaddedto Hex CapandHeavyHex Screws.Geometrictolerancing wasup-
datedto conformto AmericanNationalStandardY14.5, Dimensioningand Tolerancing.The
transitionlengthof the hex capscrewwasclhanged to equal5 coarse(UNC) threads.Few, if
any, usersacceptedthe 1972 valuesthatweredesignedto reducetoolingby providingthe same
body lengthfor adjacentlengths.On screws,separatestraightness requirements have been
deletedand the combinationthreadrimout•a•d straighmess gagedescribedin AppendixI is
specified.Straightnessas a variablebasedon.lengthhasbeenappliedto boltswith gagingde-
scribedin AppendixH. Acceptability of screwthreadsbasedon gagingsystems establishedby
AmericanNationalStandardB 1.3-1979has'beenaddedto eachtype of screwor bolt, except
lag screws.Thisproposalwasapproved by le•terballotof theSubcommittee andB 18in January,
1980. Followingacceptance by the secretaft:at
organizations, the revisionwas referredto the
AmericanNationalStandards Instituteandgrantedrecognition asanAmericanNationalStandard
on June 24, 198 I.
In 1991it wasrecognizedthat B 18.2.1requiredextensiverevisionto bettermeet the needs
of conformancewith Public Law 101-592.Includedin theseconsiderations were improvedde-
finition of a full body versusa reducedbody and thosedimensionswhich shouldbe certified
to assureproductfit, form, andfunction.Other dimensions givenfor eachproductwould only
be examinedin the eventof a dispute.Also,'theterm"finishedhex bolt," whichis today'scap
screw,shouldbe dropped.Additionally,a weighttablehasbeenincludedto assistusers.
Additionally,it was felt that the heavyhex structuralbolt, heavy hex nut, hardenedsteel
washersand compressible washer-typedirecttensionindicatorsshouldbe includedin a new
standardfor fastenersintendedfor usein smtcuwalapplications. For thisreasonthe heavyhex
structuralboltwasremovedfrom thisStandard.The new tablefor maximumgripgaghaglengths
andminimumbodylengthsfor capscrews•ad heavyhex screwsis includedfor the first time
to assistusersandis similarto thepatternm'exlfor metricboltsandscrews.
ASME B18.2.1-1996wasapproved by theAmericanNationalStandards Institute(ANSI) on
December 4, 1996.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH B18 COMMITTEE (a)
General. ASME Standardsare developedand maintainedwith the intent to representthe

consensusof concernedinterests.As such, users of this Standardmay interact with the
Committeeby requestinginterpretations,proposingrevisions,and attendingCommittee
meetings.Correspondenceshould be addressedto:
Secretary,B 18 Main Committee
The American Society of MechanicalEngineers
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
ProposingRevisions.Revisionsare made periodicallyto the Standardto incorporate

changesthat appearnecessaryor desirable,as demonstrated by the experiencegainedfrom
the applicationof the Standard.Approvedrevisionswill be publishedperiodically.
The Committeewelcomesproposalstbr revisionsto this Standard.Suchproposalsshould
be as specificas possible,citing the paragraphnumber(s),the proposedwording,and a
detaileddescriptionof the reasonsfor the proposal,includingany pertinentdocumentation.
Interpretations.Upon request,the B 18 Committeewill render an interpretationof any
requirementof the Standard.Interpretations
can only be renderedin responseto a written
request sent to the Secretary of the B 1[8Main Committee.
The requestfor interpretation
shouldbe clearand unambiguous.
It is furtherrecommended
that the inquirer submit his/her request.in the following format:
Subject: Cite the applicableparagraphnumber(s)and the topic of the inquiry.
Edition: Cite the applicableeditionof the Standardfor which the interpretation
is being requested.
Question: Phrasethe questionas a requestfor an interpretationof a specific
requirementsuitablefor generalunderstanding and use, not as a request
for an approvalof a proprietarydesignor situation.The inquirer may
also include any plans or drawingswhich are necessaryto explain
the question;however, they should not contain proprietary names or
information.
Requeststhat are not in this formal. will be rewritten in this format by the Committee
prior to being answered,which may inadvertentlychangethe intent of the original request.
ASME proceduresprovidefor reconsideration of any interpretationwhen or if additional
informationthat might affect an interpretationis available.Further,personsaggrievedby
an interpretationmay appeal to the cognizantASME Committeeor Subcommittee.ASME
doesnot "approve,""certify,""rate,"or "endorse"any item, construction, proprietarydevice,
or activity.
AttendingCommitteeMeetings.The ][318Main Committeeregularlyholdsmeetings,which
are open to the public. Personswishingto attendany meetingshouldcontactthe Secretary
of the B18 Main Committee.
vi.I
ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B18
Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers,
and Similar Fasteners
(The following is the roster of the Comrnittee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
K. E. M½•,ullough, Chair
D. A. C•wer, Vice Chair
E. Schwartz, Vice Chair
B. Biddinger, Secretary
COMMn'rEE PERSONNEL
J. C. Akins, Safety Socket Screw Co.

J.. B. Belford, Lawson Products, inc.
B. Bidclinger,The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. Broomfield, Illinois Tool Works, Inc.
J. A- Buda, SPS Technologies, Inc.
R. M. Byrne, Trade Association Management, Inc.
D. A. Cleaver, Deere & Co.
A- P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.
T. Collier, CAM-TECH Industries, inc.
A- C. DiCola, Wrought Washer Manufacturing, Inc.
B. A- Dusina, Federal Screw Works
G. A. Gobb, Consultant
R. J. Hawington, Spirol International Corp.
A- Herskovitz, U.S. Army
A- C. Hood, ACH Technologies
F. W. Kern, Society of Automotive Engineers
W. H. Kopke, ITW Shakeproof Industrial Products
P. D. Korsmo, Consultant
J. G. Langenstein, Consultant
M. Levinson, ITW Shakeproof Industrial Products
J. B. Levy, Consultant
A. D. McCrindle, Stelco Fasteners, Ltd.
K. E. McCullough, Consultant
D. J. Miley, Caterpillar, Inc.
M.D. Prasad, General Motors Corp.
W. Schevey, BGM Fastener Co., inc.
E. Schwa• Consultant
R. M. Serabin, Bowman Distribution
R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
J. F. Sullivan, National Fasteners Distribution Association
R. L. Tennis, Caterpillar, Inc.
$. W. Vass, Lake Erie Screw Corp.
R. G. Weber, Fairfield University
C. J. Wilson, Industrial Fasteners Institute
R. B. Wright, Wright Tool Co.
J. G. Zeratsky, National Rivet & Manufacturing Co.
vii
MEMBERS OF SUBCOMMrI'rEE 2--- EXTERNAL DRIVE FASTENERS
D. A. Clever, Chair, Deere & Co.

C. J. Wilson, Secretary, Industrial Fasteners Institute
R. M. Byrne, Trade AssociationManagement, Inc.
A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.
R. J. Corbett, Huck International Industrial Fasteners
A. Dinh, Defense IndustrialSupply Center
B. A. Dusina, Federal Screw Works
J. Greenslade, Greenslade & Co.
A. Herskovitz, U.S. Army
A. D. McCrindle, Stelco Fasteners Ltd.
K. E. McCullough, Consultant
D. J. Miley, Caterpillar, Inc.
M.D. Prasad, General Motors Corp.
R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp.
R. L. Tennis, Caterpillar, Inc.
S. W. Vass, Lake Erie Screw Corp.
...
Vlll
CONTENTS (a)
Foreword ....................................................... iii

Correspondence
With B 18 Committee ................................... vi. 1
Standards Committee Roster .......................................... vii
I Introductory Notes ........................................... 1

2 General Data ................................................ 2
Figures
1 UnderheadFillet for Long Screws ................................... 16
2 UnderheadFillet for ShortScrewsThreadedFull Length ................... 17
3 La, Maximum andLB, Minimum for Short ScrewsThreadedFull Length ....... 17
4 UnderheadFillet for Long Screws ................................... 23
5 UnderheadFillet for ShortScrewsThreadedFull Length ................... 23
Tables
1 Dimensionsof SquareBolts...................................... 4
2 Dimensions of Hex Bolts ........................................ 7
3 Dimensionsof Heavy Hex Bolts ................................... 10
4 Dimensionsof Hex Cap Screws.................................... 13
4A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets ................................... 14
4B LG, Maximum and LB, Minimum Limitations for Short ScrewsThreaded
Full Length................................................. 15
Maximum Grip GagingLengths,LG, and Minimum Body Lengths,LB, for
Hex Cap Screwsand Heavy Hex ScrewsNominal Size ................. 19
6 Dimensionsof Heavy Hex Screws.................................. 20
6A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets ................................... 21
6B Lo, Maximum and LB, Minimum Limitations for Short Screws Threaded
Full Length................................................. 22
7 Dimensions of Askew Head Bolts .................................. 26
8 Dimensionsof SquareLag Screws.................................. 28
9 Dimensionsof Hex Lag Screws.................................... 29
9A Dimensionsof Lag ScrewThreads................................... 30
10 LengthTolerancesfor Squareand Hex Bolts and Screws.................. 32
Appendices
II Straightness
Gage and Gaging...................................... 35
A Formulas for Bolt and Screw Head Dimensions ........................ 37
B Specifications
for Identificationof Bolts and Screws..................... 39
C Weight in Poundsof 100 Hex Cap Screwsfor Given Diameter/Length
Combination ................................................. 41
D Countersunk Center Holes ........................................ 43
E GovernmentStandardItems and Part Identifying NumberingSystem
(PIN Code) for Screw,Cap, HexagonHead ......................... 45
ix
ASME B18.2.1-1996
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
I INTRODUCTORY NOTES 1.3 Options

1.1 Scope Options,wherespecified,shallbe at the discretionof
the manufacturerunlessotherwiseagreedupon by the
1.1.1 ThisStandard coversthecompletegeneraland
manufacturerandthe purchaser.
dimensionaldatafor eightproducttypesof inch series
squareandhexboltsandscrewsrecognizedasAmerican
NationalStandard.
Also includedareappendixes cover- 1.4 Terminology
ing threadranoutsleevegages,gagingprocedurefor
As usedin thisStandard,the term "longbolt" or "long
checkingboltandscrewstraightness,
grademarkingsfor
screw"meansa bolt or screwof a diameter-length com-
steel bolts and screws, formulas on which dimensional
bination which is not threadedfor full length, and the
dataare based,anda specification to assistin identify- term "short bolt" or "short screw" means a bolt or screw
ing a productasbeinga screwor a bolt..It shouldbe un-
of a diameter-lengthcombination
whichis requiredto be
derstood,however,that wherequestionsariseconcern-
threadedfor full length.
ing acceptance of product,the dimensions in the tables
shallgovernover recalculafionby formula.Heavy hex body length(LB): the distancemeasuredparallelto the
structuralbolts,formerly coveredin ANSI B 18.2.1, are axis of the bolt or screwfrom the underheadbearingsur-
now covered in ASME B 18.2.6. face to the last scratchof thread or, for rolled threads,to
the top of theextrusionangle.Wherespecified,the min-
1.1.2 The inclusion of dimensional data in this imumbodylength(LB,min.) is a criterionfor inspection.
Standardis notintendedto implythatall of theproducts grip gaginglength(La): the distancemeasuredparallel
describedhereinare stockproductionsizes.Consumers to the axis of the bolt or screw from the underhead bear-
shouldconsultwith manufacturers concerninglists of ing surfaceto the face of a noncounterbored, noncoun-
stockproductionsizes. tersunkstandardGO threadring gageassembled by hand
as far as the threadwill permit.The maximumgrip gag-
1.1.3 SquareandHexBoltsandScn:ws
purchased
for ing length(LG, max.) is a criterionfor inspection.
Government use shall conform to this Standard and to
anyadditionalrequirementsspecifiedh• thepurchase
or- point length:the lengthfrom the pointedend to the fast
deror contract.SeeAppendixE for theGovemmentPart fully formedthreadat majordiameteras determinedby
IdentifyingNumberingSystem(PIN code)andotherre- the distancethatthe pointentersinto a cylindricalNOT
quiremeritsfor hexagonheadcapscrews. GO major diameterring gage (ref. Gage 3.1, ASME
B1.2).
threadlength:the lengthfrom the extremepoint of the

1.2 Dimensions bolt or screwto the lastcomplete(full form) thread.For
boltsand screwsin this Standard,otherthanlag screws,
All dimensionsin this Standard are in inches, unless
the nominalthreadlength(Lr) is a referencedimension
otherwise stated,andapplyto unplatedor uncoatedprod-
intendedfor calculationpur•ses only.
uct. When platingor coatingis specified,the finished
productdimensions shallbeasagreeduponbetweensup- transitionthread length (Y): the length which includes
plier and purchaser. the lengthof incompletethreads,the extrusionangleon
Symbolsspecifyinggeometriccharacteristics are in rolledthreads,andtoleranceson grip length.Where spec-
accord with ASME Y14.SM, Dimensioning and ified, maximumtransitionthreadlength(Y, max.)is a ref-
Tolerancing. erencedimensionintendedfor calculationpurposes only.
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
For definitionsof othertermsrelatingto fasteners

or nal threadallowancemay thusbe usedto accommodate
componentfeaturesthereofusedin this Standardrefer to the coatingthicknesson coatedparts,providedthat the
AmericanNational StandardGlossaryof Terms for maximumcoatingthicknessis no more than one-fourth
Mechanical Fasteners, ANSI B 18.12. of the allowance.Thus, the threadafter coatingis sub-
ject to acceptance
usinga basicClass3A sizeGO thread
1.5 Referenced Standards gageanda Class2A threadgagefor eitherminimumma-
terial or NOT GO. Where external thread has no al-
Unless otherwisespecified,the referencedstandard lowance,or allowancemustbe maintainedafter coating,
shallbe themostrecentissueat thetimeof orderplace- and for standard internal threads, sufficient allowance
ment. mustbe providedprior to coatingto assurethat finished
Copiesof referencedASME standards may be ob- productthreadsdo not exceed the maximum-material
tained from the American Society of Mechanical limits specified.For thread Class 3A, Class 2A al-
Engineers,22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ lowancesin accordance with ASME B 1.1 shouldbe ap-
07007-2300. plied wheneverpossible.
Copiesof referencedASTM standardsmay be ob-
tained from the AmericanSocietyfor Testingand 2.3.1 Thread Gaging. Unlessotherwisespecified
Materials, 100 Ban' Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, by the purchaser,dimensionalacceptabilityof screw
PA 19428-2959. threadsshallbe determinedbasedon System21, ASME
Copiesof referenced
SAE standards
may be obtained B 1.3M, ScrewThreadGagingSystemsfor Dimensional
from the Societyof AutomotiveEngineers,inc., 400 Acceptabilitywinch and Metric Screw Threads (UN,
CommonwealthDrive, Warrendale,PA 15096-0001. UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
2 GENERAL DATA 2.4 Body Diameter

2.1 Heads The bodydiameterminimum/maximumlimits of each
of the eight productsincludedin this Standardare de-
2.1.1 Width Across Flats. The width acrossflats
fined in eachof the respectiveapplicabletables.Unless
of headshal]be the overalldistancemeasured perpen- otherwisespecifiedby thepurchaser, the bodystylesup-
dicularto theaxisof productbetween
twoopposite sides plied shallbe full-size body.
of theheadin accordance withthenotesin respective
di-
mensional tables.
2.5 Finish
2.1.2 Head Height. The headheightshallbe the
overalldistancemeasured parallelto theaxisof product Unlessotherwisespecified,boltsand screwsshallbe
fromthetopof theheadto thebearingsurfaceandshall suppliedwith a plain (as processed)
finish, unplated,or
uncoated.
includethe thickness
of thewasherfacewhereprovided.
2.2 Bolt or Screw Length 2.6 Workmanship

The bolt or screwlengthshall be the distancemea- Boltsandscrewsshallbe visually,withoutmagnifica-
suredparallelto theaxisof productfromthebearingsur- tion, free from burrs,seams,laps,loosescale,Ëregular
face of the head to the extremeend of the bolt or screw, surfaces,and any defectsaffectingtheir serviceability.
includingpointif theproductis pointed. When control of surfacediscontinuitiesis required,
the purchasershall specify conformanceto ASTM
2.3 Threads
F 788/F 788M, Specification for SurfaceDiscontinuities
of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series.
Threadson all productsexceptlag screwsshallbe
UnifiedStandardClass2A of the seriesspecifiedin the
2.7 Designation
noteson respectivedimensionaltablesas documented
in
American National Standard, Unified Inch Screw Boltsandscrewsshallbe designated by the following
Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form), ASME B I.I. datain the sequenceshown:productname,nominalsize
Unlessotherwisespecified,size limits for standardex- (fractionalor decimalequivalent);threadsper inch(omit
ternalthreadClass2A applypriorto coating.The exter- for lag screws);productlength (fractional or two-place
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
decimal equivalent); material, including specification lowingprovisions shallapplyfor inspectionof dimen-

wherenecessary; and protectivefinish, if required.See sionalcharacteristics.
The designatedcharacteristics
de-
the following examples: finedwithinthe notesof eachproducttableshallbe in-
EXAMPLE:
spectedin accordance with ASME B18.18.2M.For
Square
Bolt,3/a-16
X 11/2,
Steel,ZincPlated nondesignatedcharacteristics,
the provisions
of ASME
HexCapScrew,•h-13x 4, ASTMA 354GradeBD B18.18.1Mshallapply.Shoulda nondesignated dimen-
Hex Lag Screw,0.75 x 5.00, Steel sion be determinedto have a variance, it shall be deemed
conforming to this Standard
if the user,who is the in-
2.8 Identification Symbols staller,acceptsthevariancebasedonfit, form,andfunc-
tion considerations.
Where verifiablein-processinspec-
2.8.1 Grade Symbols. Eachof tile eightproducts tion is used in accordance with ASME B18.18.3M or
included in this Standard shall be marked in accordance
ASME B 18.18.4M,thefinalinspection
levelsamplesizes
with the applicablespecificationfor its material,me- of thoserespective
standardsshallapply.
chanical,or performancerequirements.
2.8.2 Source Symbols. Eachof theeightproducts

2.11 Pointed Products
included in this Standard shall be marked in accordance
with the applicablespecificationsfor 'itsmaterial,me- Unlessotherwise
specified,
boltsneednotbe pointed.
chanical,or performance requirements to identify its Thepresence
of a pointis to reducethepossibility
of
source(manufacturer or privatelabel distributor). damageto the leading threadsand promote assem-
bleabilitywitha tappedholeor nut.Seerespective
table
2.9 Quality Assurance notesfor point requirements.
Unlessotherwisespecified,
products
shallbefurnished
in accordance with ASME B18.18.1M and ASME
2.12 Countersunk Center Holes
B 18.18.2M, as notedin para.2.10.
For partswhichrequiremachining,it may be neces-
2.10 Dimensional Characteristics
saryto providesupport witha countersunk
centerhole.
Whenagreement is establishedbetweenmanufacturer
Products shall conform to the dimensions indicated in andpurchaser, the drill sizeanddepthshallbe in ac-
therespectivetables.Unlessotherwisespecified,
thefol- cordance with AppendixD unlessotherwisespecified.
ASMEB18.2.1-1996 SQUARE
ANDHEXBOLTS
ANDSCREWS
(INCHSERIES)
Cl
m
,
o
o o
It. • • oa• Loc•
-•m
N ,--, 0 t'•l 14• I'•. 0 LO 0 LO 0 LO 0 1.0 0
E•.
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
Notes to Table 1: (9) Straightness.Shanksof bolts shall be swaight

withinthefollowinglimitsat MMC. Forboltswith nom-
(1) Surface Condition. Bolts need not be finished on
inal lengthsup to and including12 in., the maximum
any surfaceexceptthreads.
cambershallbe0.006 in. perinch(0.006L)of boltlength.
(2) Top of Head. Top of headshallbe full form and
For boltswith nominallengthsover 12 in. up to and in-
chamferedwith the diameterof chamfercircle being
cluding24 in., themaximumcambershallbe 0.008in.
equalto the maximum width acrossfiats, within a toler-
ance of minus 15%.
perinch(0.008L)of boltlength.A typicalgageandgag-
ing procedure for checkingbolt straightness
is givenin
(3) Head Taper. Maximum width acrossflats and
across comers shall not be exceeded. No transverse sec-
AppendixII.
(10) Length Tolerances.Bolt lengthtolerancesare
tionthroughtheheadbetween25%and75% of actualhead
givenin Table 10. Tolerances for nonpointed products
height,asmeasuredfromthebearingsurface,shallbe less
than the minimum width across flats anti across comers.
shallapply.
(11) Thread Length. The lengthof threadon bolts
(4) Bearing Surface. A die seamacrossthe bearing
shallbe conlxolledby the grip gaginglength,La, max.
surfaceis permissible. Bearingsurfaceshallbe perpen-
The maximumgrip gaginglength,as calculatedand
dicularto the axis of the body within a toleranceof 3
roundedto two decimalplacesfor anybolt not threaded
deg.for 1 in. sizeandsmaller,and2 deg.for sizeslarger
full length,shallbe equalto thenominalbolt lengthmi-
than 1 in. Angularitymeasurementshall.be takenat a lo-
nus the nominal thread length (La, max. = L, nom.-
cation to avoid interferencefrom a die seam.Special
Lr). For bolts which are threadedfull length,La, max.
bearingsurfacef'mishesmay be providedas agreedbe-
definesthe unthreaded lengthunderthe headand shall
tweenpurchaserand manufacturer.
not exceedthe lengthof 2.5 timesthe threadpitchfor
(5) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall
sizesup to andincluding1 in., and3.5 timesthethread
be locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axisof the
pitchfor sizeslargerthan1 in. It shallbeusedasthecri-
body (determinedover a distanceunderthe headequal
teflonfor inspection.
to onediameter)within a tolerancezonehavinga diam-
All boltsof nominallengthsequalto or shorterthan
eterequivalentto 6% of themaximumwidth acrossflats,
thenominalthreadlength,Lr, plusa lengthequivalent to
regardlessof featuresize.
2.5 timesthethreadpitchfor sizesupto andincluding1
(6) Body Diameter. Any swellor fin underthe head
in., and3.5 timesthe threadpitchfor sizeslargerthan1
or any die seamon the body shallnot exceedthe basic
in. shall be threadedfor full length.
bolt diameterby the following:
Nominalthreadlength,Lr, is a referencedimension
0.030 in. for sizesup to •/2in. intendedfor calculationpur•ses only. Nominalthread
0.050 in. for sizes % and 3/4in. lengthequalstwicethe basicthreaddiameterplus0.25
0.060 in. for sizes over h in. to 1h in. in. for nominalboltlengthsupto andincluding6 in., and
0.090 in. for sizes over 1h in. to 1 •/2in. twicethe basicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominal
lengthsover 6 in.
The diameterof the unthreaded lengthon boltswhich (12) IncompleteThread Diameter.The majordiam-
arethreadedfor full lengthshallnotbe lessthanthemin- eterof incomplete threadshallnotexceedtheactualma-
imum pitch diameterof the threadnor greaterthan the jor diameterof the full form thread.
maximumbodydiameter,E, max.,specifiedin Table 1. (13) Threads.Threads,whenrolled,shallbe Unified
(7) ReducedDiameter Body. Boltsmay be obtained Inch coarse,fine, or 8 threadseries(UNRC, UNRF, or
in reduceddiameterbody style.These.,;hallhavea body 8 UNR Series),Class2A. Threadsproducedby other
diameterof not lessthantheminimumpitchdiameterof methodsmay be Unified Inch coarse,fine, or 8 thread
thethreadandnot exceedingthe minimumbodydiame- series (UNC, UNF, or 8 UN Series), Class 2A.
ter, E, min., shownin Table 1. Any swell or fin under Acceptability
of screwthreads
shallbedeterminedbased
the head or any die seamon the body shall not exceed, on System21, ASME B1.3M, ScrewThreadGaging
E, min., by the following: Systems for Dimensional Acceptability--Inch and
Metric ScrewThreads(UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
0.030 in. for sizesup to •/2in.
0.050 in. for sizes % and V4in. (14) IdentificationSymbols.Identificationmarking
0.060 in. for sizes over V• in. to 1•/• in. symbols on boltheadsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
0.090 in. for sizes over 1 h in. to 1•/2in. manufacturer's optionunlessotherwisespecified.The
markingshallbe in accordance with therequirements
of
(8) Point. tinless otherwisespecified,boltsneednot para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto the unaidedeye
be pointed. withtheexception of corrective
lenses.Whenraised,the
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
heightof themarkingmay not exceed0.015 in. overthe

specifiedmaximumhead heightfor bolts5/8in. and
smaller.For boltslargerthan5/sin., themarkingmaynot
projectmorethan0.030 in. over the specifiedmaximum
head height.When indented,the depthof the marking
shallnot reducethe load-carryingcapabilityof the fas-
tener.
(15) Material. Unlessotherwisespecified,chemical

andmechanical properties
of steelboltsshallconformto
ASTM A 307, GradeA. Othermaterialsandgradesshall
be as agreeduponby manufacturerandpurchaser.
(16) Nominal Size.Wherespecifyingnominalsize in
decimals,zerosprecedingthe decimalandin the fourth
decimalplaceshallbe omitted.
(17) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
specified,squarebolts shall have the followingcharac-
teristicsinspected
to ASME B 18.18.2Mto theinspection
levels shown:
Characteristic InspectionLevel
Tlueads C
Width across corners C
Headheight C
Grip length C
Visual C
If verifiablein-process
inspectionis used,seepara.2.10.
(18) Additional Requirements. For additional re-
quirements,see Section 1, IntroductoryNotes, and
Section 2, General Data.
Notes to Table 2: 0.190 in. for sizes over 3 in.
(1) Surface Condition. Bolts need not be f'mishedon (8) Point. Unlessotherwisespecified,boltsneednot
any surfaceexceptthreads. be pointed.
(2) Top of Head. Top of headshallbe full form and (9) Straightness.Shanksof bolts shall be straight
chamfered,with the diameterof chamfercircle being withinthefollowinglimitsat MMC. For boltswith nom-
equalto the maximumwidth acrossflats withina toler- inal lengthsup to and including12 in., the maximum
ance of minus 15%. cambershallbe0.006in. perinch(0.006L)of boltlength.
(3) Head Taper. Maximum width acrossflats and For boltswith nominallengthsover 12 in. up to andin-
across comers shall not be exceeded. No transverse sec- cluding24 in., the maximumcambershallbe 0.008 in.
tion throughthe headbetween25% and 75% of actual per inch(0.008L)of boltlength.A typicalgageandgag-
headheight,as measuredfrom the bearingsurface,shall ing procedurefor checkingbolt straighmessis givenin
be less than the minimum width across fiats and across AppendixII.
comers. (10) Length Tolerances. Bolt length tolerancesare
(4) Bearing Surface.A die seamacrossthe bearing given in Table 10. Tolerancesfor nonpointedproducts
surfaceis permissible.Bearingsurfaceshallbe perpen- shall apply.
dicularto the axis of the body within a toleranceof 3 (11) Thread Length. The length of threadon bolts
deg.for 1 in. sizeandsmaller,and2 deg.for sizeslarger shallbe controlledby the grip gaginglength,Lo, max.
than 1 in. Angularitymeasurement shallbe takenat a lo- The maximumgrip gaginglength,as calculatedand
cation to avoid interference from a die seam. roundedto two decimalplacesfor any bolt not threaded
(5) True Positionof Head. The axis of the headshall full length,shallbe equalto the nominalbolt lengthmi-
be locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axisof the nus the nominalthreadlength(LG, max.- L, nom.-
body (determinedover a distanceunder the head equal Lr). For bolts which are threadedfull length, LG, max.
to one diameter)within a tolerancezonehavinga diam- def'mesthe unthreaded lengthunderthe headand shall
eterequivalentto 6% of the maximumwidth acrossfiats, not exceedthe lengthof 2.5 timesthe threadpitch for
regardlessof featuresize. sizesup to andincluding1 in., and 3.5 timesthe thread
(6) Body Diameter. Theremay be a reasonable swell pitchfor sizeslargerthan1 in. It shallbe usedasthecri-
or fin underthe heador die seamon the bodynot to ex- terion for inspection.
ceedthe basicbolt diameterby the following: All boltsof nominallengthsequal to or shorterthan
the nominalthreadlength,Lr, plus a lengthequivalentto
0.030 in. for sizesup to 1/2in. 2.5 timesthethreadpitchfor sizesup to andincluding1
0.050 in. for sizes 5/8and 3/4in.
in., and 3.5 timesthe threadpitch for sizeslargerthan 1
0.060 in. for sizes over 3/4in. to 11/4in.
in., shallbe threadedfor full length.
0.090 in. for sizes over 11/4in. to 2 in.
Nominal threadlength,L•-, is a referencedimension
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in.
intendedfor calculationpurposesonly. Nominal thread
0.190 in. for sizes over 3 in.
lengthequalstwice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.25
The diameterof the unthreadedlengthon boltswhich in. for nominalbolt lengthsup to andincluding6 in., and
are threadedfor full lengthshallnot be lessthanthemin- twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominal
imum pitch diameterof the threadnor greaterthan the lengthsover 6 in.
maximumbody diameter,E, max., specifiedin Table 2. (12) IncompleteThread Diameter. The majordiam-
(7) Reduced Diameter Body. Bolts may be obtained eter of incompletethreadshallnot exceedthe actualma-
in reduceddiameterbody style.These shallhavea body jor diameterof the full form thread.
diameternot less than the minimum pitch diameterof (13) Threads. Threads,when rolled, shallbe Unified
Inch coarse,fine, or 8 thread series (UNRC, UNRF, or
thread and not exceedingthe minimum body diameter,
E, min., shown in Table 2. Any swell or fin under the 8 UNR Series),Class2A. Threadsproducedby other
head or any die seamon the body shall not exceed,E, methodsmay be UnifiedInch coarse,f'me,or 8 thread
series (UNC, UNF, or 8 UN Series), Class 2A.
min., by the following:
Acceptability
of screwthreadsshallbe determined
based
0.030 in. for sizesup to 1/2in. on System21, ASME B1.3M, Screw ThreadGaging
0.050 in. for sizes 5/8and 3/4in. Systems for Dimensional Acceptability---Inchand
0.060 in. for sizes over 3/4in. to 11/4in. Metric Threads(UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
0.090 in. for sizes over 11/4in. to 2 in. (14) Identification Symbols.Identificationmarking
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in. symbolson bolt headsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1a-1999
manufacturer'soption unlessotherwisespecified.The
markingshallbe in accordance with the requirementsof
para. 2.8. Markings shall be legible to the unaidedeye
with the exceptionof correctivelenses.When raised,the
heightof the markingmay not exceed0.015 in. over the
specifiedmaximumhead height for bolts 5/8in. and
smaller'.
For boltslargerlhan5/8in., themarkingmaynot
head height. When indented,the depth of the marking
tener.
(15) Material. Unless otherwisespecified,chemical

and mechanicalpropertiesof steelbolts shall conformto
be as agreeduponby manufacturerand purchaser.
(16) Nominal Size. Where specifyingnominalsize in
decimals,zerosprecedingthe decimaland in the fourth
decimalplace shall be omitted.
specified,hex boltsshallhavethe followingcharacteris-
ticsinspectedto ASME B 18.18.2M to the inspectionlev-
els shown:
Characteristic Inspection Level

Threads C
Width across comers C
Head height C
Grip length C
Visual C
If verifiablein-processinspectionis used,seepara.2.10.
quirements,see Section 1, IntroductoryNotes, and Sec-
tion 2, General Data.
ASME B18.2.1a-1999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
•• • • oooo oooo oo ooooo
,-- 0000 0000 O0 00000
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• O0 O0 O0 O0 0 •
• dddd dddd dd ddddd
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• • •• oo•o • ••o
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• • • o•• o•• o• o•o•o

-••-- dddd -- '--• --•
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10
SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
Notes to Table 3: (8) Point. Unlessotherwisespecified,boltsneed not

(1) Surface Condition. Bolts need not be furlshedon
be pointed.
(9) Straightness.Shanksof bolts shall be straight
anysurfaceexceptthreads.
withinthe followinglimits at MMC. For boltswith nom-
(2) Top of Head.Top of headshallbe full formand
inal lengthsup to and including 12 in., the maximum
chamfered,
withthediameter
of chamfer
circlebeing cambershallbe 0.006 in. perinch(0.006L) of bolt length.
equalto the maximumwidthacrossfiats,within a toler-
ance of minus 15%. For boltswith nominallengthsover 12 in. up to and in-
cluding24 in., the maximumcambershall be 0.008 in.
(3) Head Taper. Maximum width acrossfiats and
across comers shall not be exceeded. No transverse sec-
per inch(0.008L) of bolt length.A typicalgageandgag-
ing procedurefor checkingbolt stmighmessis given in
tion throughthe headbetween25% and 75% of actual
AppendixII.
headheight,asmeasured
fromthebearing
surface,
shall
be less than the minimum width acrossfiats and across
(10) Length Tolerances. Bolt length tolerancesare
comers.
given in Table 10. Tolerancesfor nonpointedproducts
shall apply.
(4) BearingSurface.A dieseamacrossthebearing
(11) Thread Length. The length of threadon bolts
surfaceis permissible.
Bearingsurface,.
shallbeperpen-
shallbe controlledby the grip gaginglength,La, max.
dicularto the axisof the bodywithina toleranceof 3
The maximum grip gaginglength,as calculatedand
deg.for 1 in. sizeandsmaller,
and2 deg.forsizeslarger
roundedto two decimalplacesfor any bolt not threaded
than1 in. Angularitymeasurement
shallbe takenat a lo-
cation to avoid interference from a die seam. full length,shallbe equalto the nominalbolt lengthmi-
(5) True Position of Head. The axis,of the head shall
nus the nominal thread length (Lc;, max. = L, nom.-
Lr). For bolts which are threadedfull length,Lc;, max.
be locatedat truepositionwithrespect
to theaxisof the
defmesthe unthreadedlengthunderthe head and shall
body(determined
overa distance
undertheheadequal not exceed the length of 2.5 times the thread pitch for
to onediameter)withina tolerance
zonehavinga diam-
sizesup to and including1 in., and 3.5 timesthe thread
eterequivalentto 6% of themaximumwidthacrossflats,
regardlessof feature size.
pitchfor sizeslargerthan 1 in. It shallbe usedasthe cri-
teflon for inspection.
(6) Body Diameter.Any swellor fi= underthe head
All bolts of nominallengthsequal to or shorterthan
or any die seamon the bodyshallnot exceedthe basic
the nominalthreadlength,Lr, plusa lengthequivalentto
boltdiameterby thefollowing:
2.5 timesthe threadpitchfor sizesup to andincluding1
0.030in. for sizesup to •/2in. in., and 3.5 timesthe threadpitchfor sizeslargerthan 1
0.050 in. for sizes % and •/, in. in. shallbe threadedfor full length.
0.060 in. for sizes over •/, to 1•/• in. Nominal threadlength,Lr, is a referencedimension
0.090 in. for sizes over 1•/, in. to 2 in. intendedfor calculationpurposesonly. Nominal thread
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in. lengthequalstwice the basicthreaddiameterplus 0.25
in. for nominalbolt lengthsup to andincluding6 in., and
The diameterof theunthreaded lengthon boltswhich
twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominal
arethreadedfor full lengthshallnotbe lessthanthemin-
lengthsover 6 in.
imumpitchdiameter of thethreadnorgreaterthanthe
(12) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The majordiam-
maximum bodydiameter, E, max.,specified
in Table3.
eterof incompletethreadshallnot exceedthe actualma-
(7) ReducedDiameterBody.Boltsmaybe obtained
jor diameterof the full form thread.
in reduceddiameter bodystyle.Theseshallhavea body (13) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shall be Unified
diameter notlessthantheminimum pitchdiameterof the
Inch coarse,fine, or 8 thread series(UNRC, UNRF, or 8
threadandnotexceeding theminimumbodydiameter,
UNR Series),Class2A. Threadsproducedby othermeth-
E, min., shownin Table3. Any swellor f'munderthe
ods may be Unified Inch coarse,fine, or 8 threadseries
heador,anydie seamon thebodyshallnot exceed,E,
(UNC, UNF, or 8 UN Series),Class 2A. Acceptability
min.,by the following:
of screwthreadsshall be determinedbasedon System
0.030 in. for sizesup to •/•in. 21, ASME B1.3M, ScrewThreadGaging Systemsfor
0.050 in. for sizes s/• and •/, in. Dimensional-Acceptability•Inch and Metric Screw
0.060 in. for sizes over •/, in. to 1•/, iin. Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
0.090 in. for sizes over 1•/, in. to 2 in. (14) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
0.120 in. for sizes over 2 in. to 3 in. symbolson bolt headsshall be raisedor indentedat the
0.190 in. for sizes over 3 in. manufacturer'soption unlessotherwisespecified.The
,
11
markingshallbe in accordance with the requirements

of
para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto the unaidedeye
with theexceptionof correctivelenses.Whenraised,the
heightof the markingmay not exceed0.015 in. overthe
specifiedmaximumhead heightfor bolts5/8in. and
smaller.Forboltslargerthan5/8in., themarkingmaynot
headheight.When indented,the depthof the marking
tener.

be as agreeduponby manufacturerandpurchaser.
(16) Nominal Size.Wherespecifyingnominalsizein
decimals,zerosprecedingthe decimalandin the fourth
specified,heavyhex boltsshallhavethefollowingchar-
acteristics
inspected
to ASME B 18.18.2Mto the inspec-
tion levels shown:
Thlv. ad$ C
Head height C
Grip length C
Visual C
inspection
is used,seepara.2.10.
(18) Additional Requirements. For additionalre-
12
13
TABLE 4A DIMENSIONS OF UNDERHEAD FILLETS
Long Screws Long and Short Screws

(Fig. 1) Short Screws (Rg. 2)
E, L, R E, Lf
Fillet Radius Fillet
Nominal Size
Transition Fillet of Transition Fillet
or Basic
Product Diameter Length Fillet Diameter Length,
Diameter Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Max.
...........
% 0.2500 0.300 0.280 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.300 0.043

si'• 0.3125 0.362 0.342 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.362 0.045
:% 0.3750 0.425 0.405 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.425 0.048
7/• 0.4375 0.488 0.468 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.488 0.052
1/= 0.5000 0.550 0.530 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.550 0.053
% 0.5625 0.652 0.602 0.157 0.078 0.045 0.020 0.652 0.075
sis 0.6250 0.715 0.665 0.157 0.078 0.045 0.020 0.715 0.078
3/4 0.7500 0.840 0.790 0.157 0.078 0.045 0.020 0.840 0.081
7/• 0.8750 1.005 0.955 0.227 0.113 0.065 0.040 1.005 0.105
I 1.0800 1.190 1.120 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.190 0.140
11/• 1.1250 1.315 1.245 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.315 0.146
11/4 1.2500 1.440 1.370 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.440 0.146
1% 1.3750 1.565 1.495 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 1.565 0.154

11/:= 1.5000 1.690 1.620 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 1.690 0.154
13/4 1.7500 1.940 1.870 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 1.940 0.166
2 2.0000 2.190 2.120 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.190 0.173
21/,, 2.2500 2.440 2.370 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 2.440 O.173
21/:= 2.5000 2.690 2.620 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 2.690 0.183
23/,, 2.7500 2.940 2.870 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.940 O.183
3 3.0000 3.190 3.120 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 3.190 0.183
]4
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREVVS (INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1a-1999
TABLE 4B Lo, MAXIMUM AND LB, MINIMUM LIMITATIONS FOR

SHORT SCREWS THREADED FULL LENGTH
For
Nominal For
Nominal
Product La , •iominal La, LB,
Product Max. Min.
Size Lengths Max.
of [Note(1)] [Note(2)] Lengths [Note (3)] [Note (4)]
Basic All Less Than or Coarse Fine 8 All
Product Less Than or Thread Equalto (UNC) (UNF) (UN) Thread
Diameter Equal to Series Greater Th •n [Note (5)] Thread Thread Thread Series
1/4 0.500 0.075 0.500 1.125 0.125 0.089 ... 0.043
% 0.625 0.083 0.625 1.250 0.139 0.104 ... 0.045
3/8 0.750 0.094 0.750 1.375 0.156 0.104 ... 0.048
7/16 0.875 O.107 0.875 1.625 0.179 0.125
,
... 0.052
1/2 1.000 O.115 1.000 1.750 0.192 0.125 ß. ß 0.053

9/16 1.125 0.125 1.125 2.000 0.208 0.139 ß. . 0.075
% 1.250 0.136 1.250 2.125 0.227 0.139 ... 0.078
3/4 1.500 O.150 1.500 2.500 0.250 0.156 . ßß 0.081
/8 ......... 2.750 0.278 0.179 . ßß 0.105

3.000 0.312 0.208 ßßß O. 140
11/8 ......... 3.500 0.357 0.208 0.312 0.146
3.750 0.357 0.208 0.312 O. 146
1% ......... 4.250 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154

11/2 ......... 4.500 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154
13/4 ......... 5.125 0.500 ß. ß 0.312 0.166
2 ......... 5.750 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173
21/4 ......... 6.500 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173

21/2 ......... 7.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
23/4 ......... 7.625 0.625 ß ßß 0.312 0.183
8.125 0.625 ß ßß 0.312 O. 183
NOTES:
(1) Tabulated values are equal to 2 times the basic product diameter.
(2) Tabulated values are equal to 1.5 times the coarse thread (UNC) pitch.
(3) Tabulated values are equal to 2.5 times the thread pitch.
(4) LB,min. equals fillet length, Lf, max., as given in Table 4A.
(5) Longest screw threaded full length.
15
ASME B18.2.1a-1999 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
Notes to Table 4: (min. pitch diameter)to E, max., whosevalue shall be

no lessthanR, min. as specifiedin Table 4A; or
(1) Top of Head. Top of head shall be full form and (b) a continuousor multiradiuscurvetangentto the
chamfered,with the diameter of chamfer circle being underheadbeatingsurfaceat a pointno greaterthanone-
equal to the maximum width acrossflats within a toler- half Ea, max. from the axis of screw,and tangentto the
ance of minus 15%. maximum shank diameter, E, max., at a distance not ex-
(2) Wrenching Height, J. Wrenchingheightis a dis- ceeding
Lf, max.fromthebeatingsurface.
tancemeasuredfrom the bearingsurfaceup the sideof No radius in the multiradius curve shall be less than
the head at the comers. The width across comers shall R, min. specifiedin Table 4A (seeFig. 2).
be within specifiedlimits for the full wrenchingheight. (6) Body Diameter. The diameterof body,exceptfor
(3) Bearing Surface.Bearingsurfaceshallbe flat and a lengthequalto La, max. underthe head,shallconform
washerfaced.Diameterof washerface shallbe equalto to the limits for E given in Table 4. The diameterof the
the maximum width across flats within a tolerance of mi- unthreaded lengthon shortscrewswhicharethreadedfor
nus 10%. full lengthshallnot be lessthan the minimumpitch di-
Thickness of the washer face shall be not less than ameterof the threadnor greaterthan the maximumbody
0.015 in. nor greaterthan0.025 in. for screwsizes3/4
in. diameter,E, max., specifiedin Table 4 (seeFig. 2).
and smaller,and not lessthan 0.015 in. nor greaterthan (7) Point. Point shall be chamferedor roundedat man-
0.035 in. for sizeslarger than 3/4in. Measurementof ufacturer'soption from approximately0.016 in. below
washerface diametershallbe takenat a height of 0.004 the minor diameter of the thread. The first full formed
in. abovethe bearingsurface. threadat majordiameteris locatedat a distanceno greater
Circularrunoutof the beatingsurface,with respectto than2 timesthepitchmeasuredfrom theendof the screw.
the axisof the body,shallbe within the FIM limits spec- This distanceis to be determinedby measuringhow far
ified. Measurement of FIM shall be made as close to the the point entersinto a cylindricalNOT GO major diam-
peripheryof the bearing surfaceas possiblewhile the eter ring gage(referenceGage 3.1, ASME B 1.2).
screwis held in a colletor othergrippingdeviceat a dis- (8) Length Tolerances. Screw length tolerancesare
tance of one screw diameter from the underside of the given in Table 10. Tolerancesfor pointedproductsshall
head. apply.
(4) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall (9) Thread Length. The length of threadon screws
be locatedat true positionwith respectto the axis of the shall be controlledby the grip gaging length,LG, max.,
body (determinedover a distanceunder the head equal and body length,LB, min.
to one diameter) within a tolerancezone whose diameter Long screwsnot threadedfull length of diameters
is equivalentto 6% of the maximum width acrossflats, through11/4in. and lengthsthrough10 in. are specified
regardlessof featuresize. in Table 5. For shortscrewsthreadedfull length,LG, max.
(a) (5) Fillet. Two stylesof head-to-shankfillets arepro- and LB, min. are given in Table 4B (seeFig. 3).
vided for long screwsin lengthslongerthan the maxi-
mum lengthsspecifiedin Table 4B. Style 1 will be sup-
plied unlessStyle 2 is specifiedby the purchaser.
Style 1 is a continuousradiusin accordancewith the
maximum-minimum limits for R shown in Table 4A. Style 1 Style 2
Fillet
Style 2 has an elliptical shapedefined as a smooth,
multiradius,concavecurvetangentto theunderheadbear-
ing surfaceat a pointno greaterthanone-halfof Ea, max.
or less than one-half of E a, min. from the axis of the
screw;and tangentto the shankat a distancefrom the
underheadbearingsurfacewithin the limits specifiedfor
La. No radius in the fillet shall be less than R, min. (see
Fig. 1 and Table 4A).
For short screwsthreadedfull length (Table 4B), the La
fillet shall be a smooth,concavecurve lying within the
envelopeestablishedby either:
(a) a continuousradius tangentto the underhead FIG. I UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR LONG
bearingsurfaceand min./max. shankdiameterEl, min. SCREWS
16
Fillet shall lie within complete(full form)thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals

this envelope twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.25 in. for nominal
screwlengthup to andincluding6 in., andtwicetheba-
sicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominallengthsover
6 in.
Bodylength,LB,min.,is thedistance
measured
paral-
lel to the axis of screw from the underheadbeating sur-
face to the last scratchof threador to the top of the ex-
trusion angle. For diameterlength combinationsnot
included in Table 4B or Table 5, the minimum body
length,LB,min.,ascalculated androundedto two deci-
Ea, max.- E1, min. mal places,shallbe equalto themaximumgripgaging
Lf, max. =
lengthminusthemaximumtransition threadlength(LB,
min.- La, max.- Y, max.). It shall be a criterionfor
El, min. = minimum specified pitch inspection.
diameter of coarse thread
Transitionthreadlength,Y, max., is a referencedi-
(UNC-2A)
mensionequalto five coarse(UNC) pitchesandintended
Ea, max. = maximum fillet transition for calculationpurposesonly. It includesthe lengthof
diameter (see Table 4A) incomplete
threads,
theextrusion
angleonrolledthreads,
and toleranceson grip length.
Ela, min. = Ea, max.- 0.5 (Ea, max.- E1, min.) (10) IncompleteThread Diameter. The majordiam-
eterof incomplete threadshallnotexceedtheactualma-
(a) FIG. 2 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR SHORT
SCREWS THREADED FULL. LENGTH
(11) Straightness.Shanksof screwsshallbe straight (a)
withinthefollowing
limitsat MMC.Forscrews
with
nominallengthsupto andincluding12 in., themaximum
For diameter-length combinationsnot included in cambershall be 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of screw
Table 4B or Table 5, the maximumgrip gaginglength, length.For screwswith nominallengthsover 12 in. up
LG, max., for long screwswhich are not threadedfull to and including24 in., the maximumcambershallbe
length,as calculatedand roundedto two decimalplaces, 0.008 in. per inch (0.008L) of screwlength.A typical
shallbe equalto thenominalscrewlengthminusthenom- gageandgagingprocedure for checkingscrewstraight-
inal threadlength (LG, max. = L, nom. - Lr). It shallbe nessis given in AppendixII.
usedas the criterionfor inspection. (12) Threads. Threads,when rolled, shallbe Unified
Nominal thread length, Lr, is a referencedimension Inch coarse,fine, or 8 thread series(UNRC, UNRF, or 8
intendedfor calculationpurposesonly, which represents UNR Series),Class2A. Threadsproducedby othermeth-
the distance from the extreme end of the screw to the last
odsshallpreferablybe UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at
manufacturer's option,may be Unified Inch coarse,fine,
or 8 thread series(UNC, UNF, or 8 UN Series), Class
2A. Acceptabilityof screwthreadsshallbe determined
based on System 21 ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread
Gaging Systemsfor DimensionalAcceptability--Inch
and Metric Screw Threads(UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
(13) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
symbolson screwheadsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
markingshallbe in accordance with the requirements
of
LB, min.
para. 2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto the unaidedeye
LG, max. with the exceptionof correctivelenses.When raised,the
FIG. 3 LG, MAXIMUM AND Ls, MINIMUM specifiedmaximumheadheightfor screws5/8in. and
FOR SHORT SCREWS THREADED FULL smaller.For screwslargerthan5/8in., the markingmay
LENGTH not projectmorethan0.030 in. overthe specifiedmaxi-
17
mumheadheight.Whenindented,the depthof themark-

ing shall not reducethe load carryingcapabilityof the
fastener.
and mechanicalpropertiesof steel screwsshall conform
to ASTM A 307, ASTM A 449, ASTM A 354 Grade BD,
or SAE J429. Other materials and grades shall be as
agreedupon by manufacturerand purchaser.
(15) Nominal Size. Wherespecifyingnominalsizein
decimalplace shallbe omitted.
specified,hex cap screwsshallhave the followingchar-
acteristicsinspectedto ASME B 18.18.2M to the inspec-
tion levels shown:
Threads C
Grip length C
Screwlength C
Visual C
If verifiablein-processinspectionis used,seepara.2.10.
quirements,see Section 1, Introductory Notes, and
18
SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
x
o
o
z
19
ASMEB18.2.1-1996 SQUARE
ANDHEXBOLTSANDSCREWS
(INCHSERIES)
'•• • •ø• •• •o •ooo
• ...........
o•o •o• o• • ....
ø
• o
, , ,
• •o
m • ,, oooo ooo ooo ooooo
•z • •o• o•o •oo ooooo
,
2O
TABLE 6A DIMENSIONS OF UNDERHEAD FILLETS
Long Screws Long and Short Screws

(Fig. 4) ,
Short Screws (Fig. 5)
E. L. ,
R E. Lf
Fillet Radius Fillet
Nominal
Size Transition Rllet of Transition Rllet
or Basic ..... Diameter Length Rllet Diameter Length
Product Diameter Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Max.
1/2 0.5000 0.550 0.530 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.550 0.053
% 0.6250 0.715 0.665 0.157 0.078 0.045 0.020 0.715 0.078
3/4 0.7500 0.840 0.790 O.157 0.078 0.045 0.020 0.840 0.081
?/• 0.8750 1.005 0.955 0.227 0.113 0.065 0.040 1.005 0.105
I 1.0000 1.190 1.120 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.190 0.140
11/• 1.1250 1.315 '1.245 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.315 0.146
11/4 1.2500 1.440 'I.370 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.440 0.146
13/8 1.3750 1.565 '1.495 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.565 0.154
11/2 1.5000 1.690 1.620 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.690 0.154
13/4 1.7500 1.940 1.870 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 1.940 0.166
2 2.0000 2.190 2.120
,
0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.190 0.173
21/4 2.2500 2.440 2.370 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.440 0.173
21/2 2.5000 2.690 2.620 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.690 0.183
23/4 2.7500 2.940 2.870 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 2.940 0.183
3 3.0000 3.190 :3.120 0.332 0.166 0.095 0.060 3.190 0.183
,
2!
ASMEB18.2.1-1996 SQUAREAND HEXBOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES)
TABLE 6B
LG, MAXIMUM AND Le, MINIMUM LIMITATIONS FOR SHORT SCREWS
THREADED FULL LENGTH
For
Nominal For
Nominal Product /.•. Nominal L•. Ls,
Size Lengths Max. Product Max. Min.
or [Note
(1)] [Note(2)] Lengths [Note
(3)] [Note(4)]
Product LessThanor Thread Equalto (UNC) (UNF) (UN) Thread
Diameter Equal to Series LessThan [Note (5)] Thread Thread Thread Series
¾• 1.000 0.192 1.000 1.750 0.192 0.125 ... 0.053
% 1.250 0.227 1.250 2.125 0.227 0.139 ... 0.078
3/4 1.500 0.250 1.500 2.500 0.250 0.156 ... 0.081
% ......... 2.750 0.278 0.179 ... 0.105

I ......... 3.000 0.312 0.208 ... 0.140
11/s ......... 3.500 0.357 0.208 0.312 0.146
11/4 ......... 3.750 0.357 0.208 0.312 0.146
1% ......... 4.250 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154

11/2 ......... 4.500 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154
13/4 ......... 5.125 0.500 ... 0.312 0.166
2 ......... 5.750 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173
21/4 ......... 6.500 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173

21/= ......... 7.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
23/4 ......... 7.625 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
3 ......... 8.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
NOTES:
(1) Tabulatedvalues are equalto 2 times the basicproductdiameter.
(2) Tabulatedvaluesare equalto 1.5 times the coarsethread(UNC) pitch.
(3) Tabulatedvalues are equalto 2.5 times the threadpitch.
(4) Le, min. equals fillet length, Lf, max., as given in Table 6A.
(5) Longestscrew threaded full length.
22
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1a-1999
Notes to Table 6: Style I Style 2

Fillet
(1) Top of Head. Top of head shallbe full form and
chamfered with the diameter of chamfer circle being
equalto the maximumwidth acrossflats, within a toler-
ance of minus 15%.
(2) Wrenching Height, J. Wrenchingheightis a dis-
tancemeasuredfrom the"•bearingsurfaceup the sideof
the head at the comers. The width across comers shall /L a
bewithin
thespecified
limitsforminimum
wrenchintg
height.
(3) Bearing Surface.Bearingsurfaceshallbe flat and
washerfaced.Diameterof washerface shallbe equalto FIG. 4 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR LONG
the maximran width across flats within a tolerance of mi- SCREWS
nus 10%.
Thickness of the washer face shall be not less than
0.015 in. norgreaterthan0.025in. for screwsizes3/4in. beatingsurfaceandmin./max.shankdiameter,E• (min.
and smaller,and not lessthan 0.015 in. nor greaterthan pitchdiameter)
to E, max.,whosevalueshallbe no less
0.035 in. for sizeslargerthan 3/4in. Measurementof thanR, min. as specifiedin Table 6A; or
washerface diametershallbe takenat a heightof 0.004 (b) a continuous
or multiradiuscurvetangentto the
in. abovethe beatingsurface. underhead beatingsurfaceat a pointno greaterthanone
Circular runoutof the beatingsuff•tcewith respectto half Ea, max.from the axisof screwandtangentto the
the axis of the body shallbe within the FIM limits spec- maximum shankdiameter,E, max., at a distancenot ex-
ified. Measurement of FIM shall be made as close to the ceeding
Lf,min.fromthebeating
surface.
Noradius
in
peripheryof the bearing surfaceas possiblewhile the the curveshallbe lessthanR, min., asspecifiedin Table
screwis beingheld in a collet or othergrippingdevice 6A (seeFig. 5).
at a distance of one screw diameter 'from the underside
of the head.
(4) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall1 Fillet shall lie within
be locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axisof the this envelope
body (determinedover a distanceunder the head equal
to one diameter)within a tolerancezonehaving a diam-
eterequivalentto 6% of the maximurnwidth acrossflats;,
regardlessof' featuresize.
(5) Fillet. Two stylesof head-to-shankfillets are pro-
vided for long screwsin lengthslonger than the maxi-
mum length specifiedin Table 6B. Style 1 will be sup-
.•---Lf
maximum-minimum limits for R shown in Table 6A.
Ea, max. - El, min.
Style 2 has an elliptical shapedefined as a smooth, Lb max. =
multiradius,concavecurvetangentto theunderheadbear-
ing surfacea! a pointno greaterthanone-halfof E,,, max. E1, min. = minimumspecifiedpitch
nor less than one-half of Ea, min. from the axis of the diameter of coarse thread
(UNC)
screwandtartgentto the shankat a distancefrom the un.-
derheadbeatingsurfacewithin the limits specifiedfor La.
Ea, max. = maximumfillet transition
No radiusin the fillet shallbe lessthanR, min. (seeFig. diameter (see Table 6A)
4 and Table 6A).
For shortscrewsthreadedfull length (Table 6B), the Ela, min. = Ea, max.- 0.5 (Ea, max.- E1, min.)
envelopeestablishedby either: FIG. 5 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR SHORT (a)
(a) a continuousradius tangent to the underhead SCREWS THREADED FULL LENGTH
23
(6) Body Diameter. The diameterof body,exceptfor maximum transition thread length (La, min. = LG,
a length equal to La, max. underthe head, shall conform max. - Y, max.). It shall be usedas the criterion for in-
to the limits for E given in Table 6. The diameterof the spection.
unthreadedlengthon shortscrewswhich are threadedfor
(10) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The major diam-
full lengthshall not be lessthan the minimumpitch di-
eter of incompletethreadshallnot exceedthe actualma-
ameterof the threadnor greaterthanthe maximumbody
diameter,E, max., specifiedin Table 6. Hot forgedscrews
may havea reasonableswellunderthe headprovidedthe (11) Straightness.Shanksof screwsshall be straight (a)
straightness requirement,Note (11), is met. within the following limits at MMC. For screwswith
(a) (7) Point. Point shallbe chamferedor roundedat man- nominallengthsup to andincluding12 in., the maximum
camber shall be 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of screw
ufacturer'soption from approximately0.016 in. below
the minor diameter of the thread. The first full formed length.For screwswith nominallengthsover 12 in. up
to and including24 in., the maximumcambershall be
threadat majordiameteris locatedat a distanceno greater
0.008 in. per inch (0.008L) of screwlength. A typical
than2 timesthepitchmeas•,redfrom theendof the screw.
gage and gagingprocedurefor checkingscrewstraight-
This distanceis determinedby measuringhow far the
nessis given in AppendixII.
point entersinto a cylindricalNOT GO major diameter
ring gage(ref. Gage 3.1 ASME B1.2). (12) Threads. Threads,when rolled, shall be Unified
Inch coarse,fine, or 8 thread series(UNRC, UNRF, or 8
(8) Length Tolerances. Screw length tolerancesare
UNR Series), Class 2A in accordancewith ASME B 1.1.
given in Table 10. Tolerancesfor pointedproductsshall
apply. Threadsproducedby other methodsshall preferablybe
UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at manufacturer'soption,
(9) Thread Length. The length of thread on screws may be Unified Inch coarse,fine, or 8 threadseries(UNC,
shallbe controlledby the grip gaginglength,Lc, max., UNF, or UN Series), Class 2A. Acceptabilityof screw
and body length,L•, min. For long screwsthreadedfull threadsshallbe determinedbasedon System21 of ASME
lengthof diametersthrough17nin. and lengthsthrough B 1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systemsfor Dimensional
10 in., the valuesfor Lo, max. andL•, min. are specified Acceptability.
in Table5. For shortscrewsthreadedfull length,Lc, max.
and L•, min. are given in Table 6B (seeFig. 3). (13) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
For diameter-lengthcombinationsnot included in symbolson screwheadsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
Table 6B or Table 5, the maximumgrip gaginglength, manufacturer'soption unless otherwise specified.The
Lo, max., for long screwswhich are not threadedfull marking shallbe in accordancewith the requirementsof
length,as calculatedand roundedto two decimalplaces, para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto theunaidedeyewith
shallbe equalto thenominalscrewlengthminusthenom- the exceptionof correctivelenses.When raised,the height
inal threadlength(Lo, max. = L, nom. - LT). It shallbe of the markingmay not exceed0.015 in. over the speci-
usedas the criterionfor inspection. fied maximumheadheightfor screws5/8in. andsmaller.
Nominal thread length, Lt, is a referencedimension For screwslargerthan5/8in., themarkingmaynotproject
intendedfor calculationpurposesonly. It representsthe more than 0.030 in. over the specifiedmaximum head
distance from the extreme end of the screw to the last height.When indented,the depthof the markingshallnot
complete(full form) thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals reducethe load carryingcapabilityof the fastener.
twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.25 in. for nominal (14) Material. Unless otherwisespecified,chemical
bolt lengthsup to and including6 in., and twice the ba- and mechanicalpropertiesof steelscrewsshallconform
sicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominallengthsover to ASTM A 307, ASTM A 449, ASTM A 354 Grade BD,
6 in. or SAE J429. Other materials and grades shall be as
Transitionthread length, Y, max., is a referencedi- agreeduponby manufacturerand purchaser.
mensionequal to five coarse(UNC) pitchesand is in-
(15) Nominal Size. Where specifyingnominalsize in
tended for calculationpurposesonly. It includes the
decimals,zerosprecedingthe decimal and in the fourth
length of incomplete threads, the extrusion angle on
decimal place shall be omitted.
rolled threads,and the toleranceson grip length.
For diameter-lengthcombinationsnot included in (16) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
Table 5 or Table 6B, the minimum body length, as cal- specified,heavy hex screwsshall have the following
culated and rounded to two decimal places, shall be characteristics
inspectedto ASME B 18.18.2M to the in-
equal to the maximum grip gaging length minus the spectionlevels shown:
24
SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS{INCHSERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
Charactevi•c InspectionI•evel
Threads C
Headheight C
Grip length C
Screwlength C
Visual C
inspection
quirements,
see Section 1, IntroductoryNotes, and
Section 2, General Data.,
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND' SCREWS (INCH SERIES)
26
Notes to Table 7: threadring gageassembled by handas far as the thread

will permit, shall not exceedthe unthreadedlength,S,
chamfered or rounded with the diameter of chamfer cir- plusa lengthof 2¾2threads.
Nominal threadlength,Lr, is a referencedimension,
cleorstartof rounding
beingequaltothemaximum
width
across fiats within a tolerance of minus 15%. intendedfor calculationpurposesonly, whichrepresents
the distance from the extreme end of the bolt to the last
(2) Head Height. Mid-height,H, is a referencedi-
complete(full form)thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals
mension andequalsthebasicheadheightof squarebolts
twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.25 in. for lengths
asgivenin Table1.Headheight,Ht, iscomputed asmid
up to and including6 in., and twice the basicdiameter
height,H, plus 0.0833 timesthe specifiedmaximum
plus 0.50 in. for lengthsover 6 in.
widthacrossfiats,F. Toleranceon he,ad height,H1, is
(9) Threads: Threads,when rolled, shall be Unified
plusandminus0.020in. fromcomputed headheight.
Inch coarse(UNRC Thread Series), Class 2A in accor-
(3) BearingSurface.A die seamacrossthebearing
dance with ASME B I.1. Threads producedby other
surfaceis permissible.
Angleof bearingsurfacewith re-
methodsmay be Unified Inch coarseseries(LINC), Class
spectto shankis basedon the 2 in. 12 slopeof the in-
2A. Acceptabilityof screwthreadsshall be determined
ner flange of AmericanStandardbeamsand channels.
based on System 21, ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread
(4) True Position and Head. The axis of the head
Gaging Systemsfor DimensionalAcceptabilitymInch
shallbe locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axis
and Metric Screw Threads(UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ).
of the body (determinedover a distanceunderthe head
equalto onediameter)withina tolerancezonehavinga
andmechanicalpropertiesof steelboltsshallconformto
diameterequivalentto 6% of the maximumwidth across
ASTM A 307, Grade A. Other materials shall be as
flats, regardlessof featuresize.
agreeduponby manufacturer and purchaser.
(5) Body Diameter. Any swell or fin underthe head
(11) Identification Symbols.Identificationmarking
or any die seamon the body shall not exceedthe basic
symbolson bolt headsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
bolt diameterby the following:
0.030 in. for sizes •/• and •h in. markingshallbe in accordance with the requirements
of
0.050 in. for sizes •/• and 3/• in. para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto theunaidedeyewith
0.060 in. for sizes 7/aand 1 in. theexceptionof correctivelenses.Whenraised,the height
of the markingmay not exceed0.015 in. over the speci-
(6) Point. Unlessotherwisespecified,boltsneednot
fiedmaximumheadheightfor bolts5/•in. andsmaller.For
be pointed.
boltslargerthan5/•in., themarkingmaynotprojectmore
(7) Length Tolerances.Bolt lengthtolerancesare
than0.030 in. over the specifiedmaximumheadheight.
givenin Table 10. Tolerancesfor nonpointed products
Whenindented,thedepthof themarkingshallnot reduce
shallapply.
the loadcarryingcapabilityof the fastener.
(8) ThreadLength.The lengthof threadonboltsshall
be controlledby the grip gaginglength,Lc;,max.
decimals,zerosprecedingdecimalandin the fourthdec-
The maximumgrip gaginglength,as calculatedand
imal place shallbe omitted.
roundedto two decimalplaces,for any bolt lengthshall
be equalto the nominalbolt lengthrrfinusthe nominal
specified,askewheadboltsshallhavethefollowingchar-
threadlength(Lo, max. = L, nom.- Lr). It represents
acteristicsinspectedto ASME B 18.18.2M to the inspec-
the minimumdesigngriplengthof thejoint andshallbe tion levels shown:
usedasthe criterionfor inspection andfor determining
thread availabilitywhen selectingbolt lengths,even Characteristic InspectionLevel
thoughusablethreads {nayextendbeyondthispoint.
Bearingsurfaceangle C
All boltsof nominallengthsequalto or shorterthan Grip length C
thenominalthreadlength,Lr, plusthetinthreaded length, Threads C
S, shallbe threadedfor full length.The distance
fromthe Visual C
bearingsurfaceof the head,as measured at mid-height

of headto thelastscratch
of thread,
shallnotexceed
the If verifiablein-process
inspection
unthreadedlength,S. The distancefrmnthebearingsur- (14) Additional Requirements. For additional re-
faceof thehead,asmeasured at mid-height,
to the fast quirements,see Section 1, IntroductoryNotes, and
complete (full form) thread, as mea•ured with a GO Section 2, General Data.
, ,
,,
, • ,
00•• 0•0•
•m•o ,
Z
SQUARE'ANDHEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
I cl
29
TABLE 9A DIMENSIONS OF LAG SCREW THREADS
Nominal Size Threads

P B ,
T D•
or Basic per Fiat at Depth of Root
Product Diameter Inch Pitch Root Thread Diameter
No. 10 0.1900 11 0.091 0.039 0.035 0.120

1/4 0.2500 10 0.100 0.043 0.039 0.173
5& 0.3125 9 0.111 0.048 0.043 0.227
3/8 0.3750 7 0.143 0.062 0.055 0.265
?& 0.4375 7 0.143 0.062 0.055 0.328
1/2 0.5000 6 0.167 0.072 0.064 0.371

% 0.6250 5 0.200 0.086 0.077 0.471
3/4 0.7500 41h 0.222 0.096 0.085 0.579
?/• 0.8750 4 0.250 0.108 0.096 0.683
1 1.0000 31/2 0.286 0.123 0.110 0.780

11/• 1.1250 31/4 0.308 0.133 0.119 0.887
11/4 1.2500 31/4 0.308 0.133 0.119 1.012
, , ,
GENERAL NOTE:
Thread formc;las are as follows:
Pitch = 1/No. of threads per inch
Flat at root = pitch x 0.4305
Depth of single thread = pitch x 0.385
Notes to Tables 8 and 9: 0.030 in. for sizesup to •/•in.

0.050 in. for sizes •/s and 3/• in.
(1) Top of Head. Topof squareheadshallbefull form,
0.060 in. for sizes over V• in. to 1 •/• in.
but top of hex headmay be eitherfull form or indented
at the manufacturer'soption.The top of head shall be (6) ReducedDiameter Body. Screwsmaybe obtained
chamfered or rounded. The diameter of the chamfer cir- in reduceddiameterbody.Where reduceddiameterbody
cle or startof roundingshall be equal to the maximum is specified,the body diametershall be reducedto the
width across flats within a tolerance of minus 15%. blank diameterbefore threadingand a shoulderof full
(2) Head Taper. Maximumwidthacrossfiatsshallnot bodydiameterunderthe headshallbe provided.
be exceeded.No transversesectionthroughthe headbe- (7) Length Tolerance. Screwlengthtolerancesshall
tween25% and 75% of actualheadheight,as measured be as tabulated below:
from the bearing surface,shall be less than minimum
V2and Over
width across flats.
Nominal Screw Size Smaller V,
(3) Bearing Surface.A die seamacrossthe bearing
Nominal ScrewLength Toleranceon Length
surfaceis permissible.Bearingsurfaceshallbe perpen-
dicular to the axis of the body within a toleranceof 3 Through6 in. _+0.12 +0.25
Over 6 in. __+0.25 __.0.25
deg.for 1 in. size andsmaller,and 2 deg.for sizeslarger
than I in. Angularitymeasurement shallbe takenat a lo- (8) Thread Length. The minimumthreadlengthshall
cation to avoid interference from a die seam.
be equal to one-half of the nominal screwlength plus
(4) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall 0.50 in., or 6.00 in., whichever is shorter. Screws too
be locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axisof the shortfor the formulathreadlengthshallbe threadedas
body (determinedover a distanceunderthe headequal closeto the heador shoulderas practicable.
to onediameteror the lengthof the shoulder,whichever (9) Threads.Threadson lag screwsshallconformwith
is shorter) within a tolerancezone having a diameter Fig. 6 andTable 9A.
equivalentto 6% of the maximumwidth acrossfiats, re- (10) Material. Chemicalandmechanicalrequirements
gardlessof featuresize. shallbe as agreeduponby manufacturer and purchaser.
(5) Body Diameter. Any swell or fin underthe head (11) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
or any die seam on the body shall not exceedthe basic symbolson screw headsshall be raised or indentedat
screwdiameterby the following: the manufacturer'soption unless otherwisespecified.
3O
of the markingshall not reducethe load cmxyingcapa-

bility of the fastener.

FIG. 6 DETAIL OF THREADS specified,lag screwsshallhavethe followingcharacter-
isticsinspectedto ASME B18.18.2M to the inspection
levels shown:
Characteristic Inspection Level

The markingshallbe in accordance
withtherequire- ScrewLength C
mencs of para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legibleto theun- ThreadLength C
Visual C
aidedeyewiththeexception of corrective
lenses. When
raised,theheightof themarkingmaynotexceed0.015
in. overthespecified
maximum headheightfor screws If verifiablein-process
Sisin.andsmaller.
Forscrewslargerthan%in.,themark- (14) Additional Requirements.For additionalre-
ingshallnotprojectmorethan0.030in. overthespec- quiremencssee Section 1, IntroductoryNotes, and
ifiedmaximum headheight.Whenindented, thedepth Section 2, General Data.
31
ASMEB18.2.1-1996 SQUAREAND HEXBOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES)
TABLE 10 LENGTH TOLERANCES FOR SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS 1
NON-POINTED PRODUCTS INCLUDING
SQUARE, HEX, HEAVY HEX, AND ASKEW HEAD BOLTS
, ,
Nominal Size
ß ,
NominalLength 1/4to 31s 71•.and ¾2 gl•6to 314 71.and I 1¾8to ¾2 Over 1•12
Up to 1 in., incl. +0.02 +0.02 +0.02 .........
-0.03 -0.03 -0.03 .........
Over 1 in. to 21/2in., incl. +0.02 +0.04 +0.06 +0.08 +0.12 +0.18
-0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.12 -0.18.
Over 21/2in. to 4 in., incl. +0.04 +0.06 +0.08 +0.10 +0.16 +0.20
-0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.14 -0.16 -0.20
Over4 in. to 6 in., incl. +0.06 +0.08 +0.10 +0.12 +0.18 +0.22
-0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.16 -0.18 -0.22
Longer
than6 in. +0.10 +0.12 +0.14 +0.16 +0.22 +0.24
-0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.20 -0.22 -0.24
,
POINTED PRODUCTS INCLUDING

HEX CAP SCREWS (FINISHED HEX BOLTS) AND HEAVY HEX SCREWS
Nominal Size
N•minalLength .....
¾4to 3/8 7/•6and¾2 9/16
to 3/4 ?/8andI 1¾8
to 1% Over1¾2
Up to I in., incl. -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 .........
Over I in. to 21/2in., incl. -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.12 -0.18
Over 21/2in. to 4 in., incl. -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.14 -0.16 -0.20
Over 4 in. to 6 in., incl. -0.10 -0.10 -0.10 -0.16 -0.18 -0.22
Longer than 6 in.

....
-0.18 -0.18 -0.18 -0.20 -0.22 -0.24
NOTE:
(1) Length tolerances for lag screws are given in Note (7) to Tables 8 and 9.
32
SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES) ASME B18.2.1a-1999
APPENDIX I (a)
DELETED
33
APPENDIX II (a)
STRAIGHTNESS GAGE AND GAGING
(This Appendix is an integral part of ASME B18.2.1-1996and is placed after the main text for convenience.)
Allowabletotalcamberontheproductto be inspected distanceby obtaining common readingson both mi-

shallbe calculated
by multiplyingthe specifiedpermis- crometerheads.The adjustablerail shall then be locked
siblecamberperinchor permillimeterof lengthby the in placeby tighteningsecuringscrews.
productlengthexpressed
asa two-placedecimalin inches The productshall then be insertedbetweenrails, ex-
or a one-placedecimalin millimeters.The total camber cludingfrom the gageanypermissiblelengthof swellor
thusderivedshallbe addedto the specifiedmaximum fillet underthehead.The productshallbe rotatedby hand
bodydiameterexclusiveof allowance.,
for swellor fin un- throughfull 360 deg.Any interferenceoccurringbetween
derhead,andtheadjustable rail of gageshallbeadjusted the productand the gage which is sufficientto prevent
to providea parallelspacebetweentherailsequalto this rotation indicates excessive camber.
Adjustable Reverse reading micrometer heads

rail
$ecuring screws
24.0
[Note
(1)]
lilllllillli
NO'rE:
(1) Excludedlength X equals 2 times basic bolt diameter.
TYPICAL STRAIGHTNESS GAGE
35
M4496A
I! II II 11 II !I
!1 11 II II II
37
APPENDIX B
SPECIFICATIONS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BOLTS AND SCREWS
(This Appendix is not part of ASME B18.2.1-1996 and is included for information only.)
B1 SCOPE identifiedaccordingly,and no furtherexaminationneed

be made. The SupplementaryCriteria (paras. B6.1
This Specification
establishesa recommended proce-
throughB6.9, and not listed in orderof importanceor
durefordeterminingtheidentityof anexternally
threaded
fastener as a bolt or as a screw.
priority of application)shall be appliedto a fastener
whichdoesnot satisfycompletelyanyoneof thePrimary
Criteria.The Supplementary Criteriadetailthe principal
B2 DEFINITIONS featuresin the designof an externallythreadedfastener
B2.1 Bolt
whichcontributeto its properuseas a screw.A fastener
havinga majorityof thesecharacteristics shallbe iden-
A bolt is an externallythreadedfastenerdesignedfor tified as a screw.
insertionthroughholesin assembled parts,and is nor-
reallyintendedto be tightenedor releasedby torquinga B5 PRIMARY CRITERIA
nut.
!t5.1 An externallythreadedfastenerwhich,because of
B2.2 Screw head designor other feature,is preventedfrom being
mined duringassembly,and which can be tightenedor
A screwis an externallythreadedfastenercapableof releasedonlyby torquinga nut,is a bolt.(Example:round
beinginsertedinto holesin assembled parts,of mating headbolts,trackbolts,plow bolts.)
with a preformedinternalthreador forming its own
thread,andof beingtightenedor released
by torquingthe
head.
B5.2 An externallythreadedfastenerwhichhasa thread
form which prohibits assemblywith a nut having a
straightthread of multiple pitch length, is a screw.
B3 EXPLANATORY DATA (Example:wood screws,tappingscrews.)
A bolt is designedfor assemblywith a nut. A screw
hasfeaturesin itsdesignwhichmakeit capableof being B5.3 An externallythreadedfastener,which must be
usedin a tappedor otherpreformedbole in the work. assembled with a nut to performits intendedservice,is
Because of basicdesign,it ispossible
to usecertaintypes a bolt. (Example:heavyhex structuralbolt.)
of screwsin combination with a nut. Any externally
threaded fastenerwhichhasa majorityof thedesignchar-
B5.4 An externallythreadedfastener,whichmustbe
acteristicswhichassistits properusein a tappedor other
torquedby its headinto a tappedor otherpreformed
preformedholeis a screw,regardless of how it is used
hole to performits intendedserviceis a screw.
in its serviceapplication.
(Example:squarehead set screw.)
B4 PROCEDURE
B6 SUPPLEMENTARY CRITERIA
To identifyan externallythreadedfastenerasa bolt or B6.1 Under Head Fillet
as a screw, two sets of criteria m Primary and
Supplementary m shallbe applied.The PrimaryCriteria A screwshouldhave a controlledfillet at thejunction
(paras.B5.1 throughB5.4) shallbe appliedfarst.Any fas- of the headwith the body. Becauseof the severecom-
tenerwhichsatisfiesoneof thePrimaryCriteriashallbe bined torsionand tensionstressesat thisjunctionwhen
39
torquingthehead,the minimumlimitsof the fillet radius loadingin thefasteneror in theassembled
parts,andto
shouldbe specified.Becausethe screwmustbe capable minimize interference with the walls of a minimum clear-
of beingturnedthrougha minimumclearancehole and ance hole.
into an immovabletappedhole, the maximumlimits of
the fillet radiusshouldbe specifiedto assuresolid seat-
ing of the head,andto preventinterferenceat the top of B6.6 Thread Concentricity
the hole with thejunctionof headto body. The threads of a screw should be concentric with the
bodyaxiswithin closelimits to permitassemblyinto a
B6.2 Bearing Surface tappedhole (which usuallyhas a lengthof threaden-
gagement longerthana nut)withoutbindingof thebody
The under-headbearingsurfaceof a screwshouldbe
againstthe wallsof a minimumclearance hole.
smoothand flat to minimizefrictionalresistance during
tightening,to preventscoringof thesurfaceagainstwhich
theheadis mined,andtoproduceuniformclampingloads.
B6.7 Thread Length
The lengthof threadon a screwmustbe sufficientto
B6.3 Perpendicularity of Bearing Surface
developthefull strength
of thefastenerin tappedholes
The angularity(squareness)
of the under-head
bearing in various materials.
surface with the shank of a screw should be controlled
to minimizeeccentricloadingin the screwor assembled
parts,andto assurecompleteseatinganduniformunder- B6.8 Point
headbearingpressure.
A screwshouldhave a chamfered,or otherspecially
preparedpointat its endto facilitateentryintothe hole
B6.4 Body andeasystartwith theinternalthread,whichmaybe dis-
tantfrom thetop of thehole.The pointalsoprotectsthe
The body of a screw shouldbe closelycontrolledin
first thread,which,if damaged,may gall or scarthe in-
accuracyof sizeandroundness. To fit effectivelythrough
temal threadthroughout its entirelength.
a minimum clearancehole, the body diametermusthave
closetolerances,preferablyunilateralon the minusside.
B6.9 Length
B6.5 Shank Straightness
The lengthof a screwshouldbe closelytoleranced,
The shankof a screwshouldbe straightto permitready with variancepreferablyunilateralon the minussideto
engagementwith the internalthread,to preventeccentric preventbottomingof the fastenerin a tappedhole.
APPENDIX C
WEIGHT IN POUNDS OF 100 HEX CAP SCREWS FOR
GIVEN DIAMETER/I.,ENGTH COMBINATION
(This Appendix is not part of ASME B18,,2.1-1996and is included for information only.)
Lengths, Diameter
Multiple of
Diameter ¾4 1/2 3/4 1
3D 1.44 11.59 38.23 90.96

4D 1.74 14.35 47.56 113.04
5D 2.08 17.11 56.89 135.12
6D 2.43 19.87 66.22 157.20
7D 2.77 22.63 75.55 179.30
,,,
8D 3.12 25.39 84.88 201.3
4]
APPENDIX D
COUNTERSUNK CENTER HOLES
(This Appendix is not ;)art of ASME B18.2.1-1996and is includedfor information only.)
Plainor bell-type60 deg.combined

drillsandcountersinks
maybeusedto produce
countersunk
centerholesin the
pointsfor supportof longpartsundertheprovisions
of para.2.12 (seeASME B94.11M-1993).
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE COUNTERSUNK CENTER HOLE SIZE BY DRILL DESIGNATION

NUMBER FOR VARIOUS BASIC BOLT OR SCREW DIAMETERS
Plain-Type Number Bell-Type Number

Bolt or Screw Dia. I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
•/=through %
Over % through %
Over % through
XXXX,XXX,
Over ?/•through
Over 1%through 2
Over 2 through 3
Over 3 through 5
Over 5 through 8 X
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CENTER HOLE DEPTH
Drill Size Depth, Max.

1 0.101
2 0.149
3 0.250
4 0.297
5 0.422
6 0.485
7 0.594
8 0.704
[Notes (1), (2)] ß . .
NOTES:
(1) Based on included angle of 60 deg. Larger angles are not
recommended.
(2) Drill length tolerances of +0.008 in. through #2 and
+0.016 in. for sizes #3 through #8.
43
APPENDIX E
GOVERNMENT STANDARD ITEMS AND PART IDENTIFYING
NUMBERING SYSTEM (PIN CODE) FOR SCREW, CAP, HEXAGON HEAD
(See ASME B18.2.1, Table 4 Data)
(This Appendix is no1:part of ASME B18.2.1-1996and is included for information only.)
NOTE:TheGovernment
encourages
thegeneral
useof thisAppendix (b) Requirements
to achievemaximumpartsstandardization. (1) Self-LockingElement.Self-lockingelementre-
This Appendix,togetherwith ASME B 18.2.1,Table4 quirements shallbe in accordancewith TableE1 andthe
data,establishes
thestandard
itemsfor Government
ap-. followingfor the nominalsize shown:
plication,selectedfrom the possiblevariationsof items; (a) the self-locking element shall be a patch
withinthescopeof theStandard, andprovidesa partnum-. type or longitudinalstrip in accordancewith MIL-F-
beringsystemfor identification andapplicationin engi-. 18240;
neeringdocuments for screws,cap,hexagonhead,inch-. (b) for X and Y dimensionsand designand us-
poundproducts. age limitations,seeMS 15981;
(a) Variations.The followingvariationsshallbe stan-. (c) maximumring gagediameterthatlockingre-
dard: gion of screwmustpassthroughfreely or with finger
(1) document identifier: ASME standard number pressureshallbe the nominalsize plus0.010.
lessdecimalpoints; (2) Drilled Head.Drilled headrequirements
shallbe
(2) diameter/thread
designation
Iredlengthcombi-. in accordance with Table E1 for the nominal size shown.
nations:as specifiedin Table El. (3) IdentificationMarking
(3) material/performance:alloysteel,Grade8 -- as'. (a) Grade Symbol Heads shall be marked to
codedin PartIdentifyingNumbering:System; identify chemical and mechanicalpropertiesin accor-
(4) finish:cadmiumplatingor zinc coating• as dancewith the specifiedmaterialspecification. In addi-
codedin PartIdentifyingNumbering:System; tion, screwswith self-lockingelementsshall be marked
(5) fastenerconfiguration:
hexagonheadcapscrew with six dotsin a circularpatternon the head.
code; (b) Source Symbol. The source accepting re-
(6) threaddesignation:
ascodedin PartIdentifying; sponsibilityfor theconformance of thescrewto thisspec-
NumberingSystem; ification shall be marked on the head in accordance with
(7) specialfeatures: identifyingsymbolsof MIL-HDBK-57.
(a) none; (4) Quality Assurance Provisions. Quality assur-
(b) drilledhead,self-lockingor drilledhead,and[ ance provisions shall be in accordancewith ASME
self-lockingas codedin Part IdentifyingNumbering B 18.18.2M. Inspectionlevel B shallapplyfor threadac-
System. ceptability.
NOTE: The PartNumberingSystemmayalsobe usedfor nonstandard (5) Packaging. Packaging shall be in accordance
diameter/threads
per inchandlengthcombinations. with ASTM D 3951 and cite the countryof origin.
H • L •
,,
Hole
Nominal Head
Height,
H 1/2,
H Diameter,
J
--
Size Max. Min. Max. Min. +0.006, -0.002
¾4 0.163 O.150 0.088 0.075 0.0625
5/• 0.211 0.195 0.114 0.098 0.0625
• 0.243 0.226 0.130 0.113 0.0625
7/• 0.291 0.272 0.155 O.136 0.0625
• 0.323 0.302 0.172 0.151 0.094

% 0.403 0.378 0.214 0.189 0.094
3/4 0.483 0.455 0.256 0.228 0.094
?/s 0.563 0.531 0.298 0.266 O.125
I 0.627 0.591 0.332 0.296 0.125
.. . .
TABLE E1 SELF-LOCKING ELEMENT AND DRILLED HEAD DIMENSIONS
47
o
__ .=,=
49
lU
c•
c•
z
5]
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR BOLTS, NUTS, RIVETS, SCREWS,
WASHERS, AND SIMILAR FAS'rENERS
SmallSolidRivets................................................................... B18.1.1-1972(R1995)
Large
Rivets
........................................................................ B18.1.2-1972(R1995)
MetricSmallSolidRivets........................................................... B18.1.3M-1983(R1995)
SquareandHexBoltsandScrews (InchSeries)............................................... B18.2.1-1996
SquareandHexNuts(InchSeries) .................................................... B18.2.2-1987(R1993)
MetricHexCapScrews........................................................... B18.2.3.1M-1979(R1995)
MetricFormedHex Screws........................................................ B18.2.3.2M-1979(R1995)
MetricHeavyHexScrews
......................................................... B18.2.3.3M-1979(R1995)
MetricHexFlange
Screws
......................................................... B18.2.3.4M-1984(R1995)
MetricHex Bolts................................................................. B18.2.3.5M-1979(R1995)
MetricHeavyHexBolts ........................................................... B18.2.3.6M-1979(R1995)
MetricHeavyHexStructural Bolts .................................................. B18.2.3.7M-1979(R1995)
MetricHexLagScrews ........................................................... B18.2.3.8M-1981(R1991)
MetricHeavyHexFlange Screws .................................................. B18.2.3.9M-1984(R1995)
SquareHeadBolts(Metric Series) ........................................................ B18.2.3.10M-1996
MetricHexNuts,StyleI ................................................................. B18.2.4.1M-1996
MetricHexNuts,Style2 .......................................................... B18.2.4.2M-1979(R1995)
MetricSlottedHexNuts........................................................... B18.2.4.3M-1979(R1995)
MetricHexFlange
Nuts........................................................... B18.4.4.4M-1982(R1993)
MetricHexJam Nuts............................................................. B18.2.4.5M-1979(R1990)
MetricHeavyHexNuts........................................................... B18.2.4.6M-1979(R1990)
Fasteners
forUseinStructural Applications ................................................... B18.2.6-1996
SocketCap,Shoulder
andSetScrews m InchSeries ...................................... B18.3-1986(R1995)
SocketHeadCapScrews (Metric Series) .............................................. B18.3.1
M-1986(R
1993)
MetricSeries
HexagonKeysandBits................................................. B18.3.2M-1979(R1990)
Hexagor,
SocketHeadShoulder Screws (Metric Series) ................................. B18.3.3M-1986(R1993)
HexagonSocketButtonHeadCapScrews (Metric Series) ............................... B18.3.4M-1986(R1993)
HexagonSocketFlatCountersunk HeadCapScrews (Metric Series) ..................... B18.3.5M-1986(R1993)
MetricSeriesSocketSet Screws..................................................... B18.3.6M-1986(R1993)
RoundHeadBolts(InchSeries)................................................................ B18.5-1990
MetricRound HeadShortSquare NeckBolts ............................................... B18.5.2.1M-1996
MetricRound HeadSquareNeckBolts.................................................... B18.5.2.2M-1982
Round
HeadSquare
NeckBolts
WithLargeHead(Metric
Series)
............................. B18.5.2.3M-1990
WoodScrews(InchSeries)........................................................... B18.6.1-1981(R1991)
Slotted
HeadCapScrews,
Square
HeadSetScrews,
endSlotted
Headless
SetScrews
...... B18.6.2-1972(R1993)
MachineScrewsandMachineScrewNuts............................................. B18.6.3-1972(R1983)
Thread Forming and Thread Cutting Tapping Screws and
MetallicDriveScrews(inchSeries)................................................... B18.6.4-1981(R1991)
MetricThreadForming
andThreadCutting
Tapping
Screws
............................ B18.6.5M-1986(R1993)
MetricMachineScrews............................................................... B18.6.7M-1985(R1993)
GeneralPurposeSemi-TubularRivets,Full Tubular Rivets,Split Rivets
andRivetCaps ........................................................................ B18.7-1972(R1992)
MetricGeneral
Purpose Semi-Tubular Rivets .......................................... B18.7.1M-1984(R1992)
ClevisPinsandCotterPins(InchSeries)...................................................... B18.8.1-1994
TaperPins,DowelPins,Straight
Pins,Grooved Pins,andSpringPins(InchSeries) ................ B18.8.2-1995
Spring
Pins-- Coiled
Type(Metric Series) .................................................. B18.8.3M-1995
Spring
Pinsm Slotted(MetricSeries)...................................................... B18.8.4M-1994
MachineDowelPins--HardenedGround(MetricSeries)..................................... B18.8.5M-1994
CotterPins(MetricSeries) ................................................................. B18.8.6M-1995
HeadlessCievisPins(MetricSeries)........................................................ B18.8.7M-1994
HeadedClevisPins(MetricSeries)......................................................... B18.8.8M-1994
PlowBolts(inchSeries) ....................................................................... B18.9-1996
TrackBoltsand Nuts ................................................................. B18.10-1982(R1992)
MiniatureScrews.................................................................... B18.11-1961(R1992)
GIossa•ofTermsforMechanical
Fasteners
............................................ B18.12-1962(R1991)
ScrewandWasherAssemblies
• Sems(InchSeries).................................... B18.13-1987(R1993)
ScrewandWasherAssemblies--Sems(MetricSeries)..................................... B18.13.1M-1991
Forged
Eyebolts
...................................................................... B18.15-1985(
R1995
Mechanical and PerformanceRequirementsfor Prew•iling-TorqueType
SteelMetricHexNutsandHexFlange
Nuts........................................ B18.16.1M-1979(R1995)
Torque-TensionTest Requiremenl:s
for Prevailing-TorqueType
SteelMetricHexNutsandHexFlange
Nuts........................................ B18.16.2M-1979(R1995)
Dimensional Requirements for Prevailing-Torque Type Steel
MetricHexNutsandHexFlangeNuts............................................. B18.16.3M-1982(R1993)
WingNuts,ThumbScrews,andWingScrews........................................... B18.17-1968(R1983)
Inspection
andQualityAssurance
for GeneralPurposeFasteners ....................... B18.18.1M-1987(R1993)
Inspection
andQualityAssurance
for High-Volume MachineAssembly Fasteners ........ B18.18.2M-1987(R1993)
Inspection
andQualityAssurance
forSpecial
Purpose
Fasteners
....................... B18.18.3M-1987(R1993)
Inspection and Quality Assurancefor Fastenersfor Highly Specialized
Engineered
Applications
......................................................... B18.18.4M-
1987(R
1993)
LockWashers(InchSeries)................................................................. B18.21.1-1994
LockWashers(MetricSeries)............................................................. B18.21.2M-1994
Metric Plain Washers............................................................... B18.22M-1981(R1990)
PlainWashers ..................................................................... B18.22.1-1965(R
1990)
Part IdentifyingNumber (Pin) Code SystemStandardfor B18 Externally
ThreadedProducts...................................................................... B18.24.1-1996
SquareandRectangular
KeysandKeyways ................................................ B18.25.1M-1996
WoodruffKeysandKeyways
............................................................. B18.25.2M-1996
HelicalCoil ScrewThread Inserts(inchSeries)............................................... B18.29.1-1993
TheASMEPublications Catalogshowsa completelist of all the Standards published

by the Society.For a
complimentary
catalog,or thelatestinformation
aboutourpublications,
call 1-800-THE-ASME(1-800-843-2763).
Replaced Pages
The following are pages contained in the original edition, which

have been replaced by subsequent changes made in addenda.
They are included here for reference.
CONTENTS
Foreword ......................................................... iii

Standards Committee Roster ........................................... vii
I Introductory Notes ............................................. 1

2 General Data ................................................... 2
Figures
1 UnderheadFillet for Long Screws ..................................... 16
2 UnderheadFilletfor ShortScrewsThreadedFull Length .................... 17
3 Lo, MaximumandLs, Minimumfor ShortScrewsThreadedFull Length ........ 17
4 UnderheadFillet for LongScrews ..................................... 23
5 UnderheadFilletfor ShortScrewsThreadedFull Length .................... 23
Tables
1 Dimensionsof Squan•Bolts....................................... 4
2 Dimensions of Hex Bolts ......................................... 7
3 Dimensionsof Heavy Hex Bolts..................................... 10
4 Dimensions
of Hex CapScrews..................................... 13
4A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets .................................... 14
4B Lo, Maximum and Lt•, Minimum Limitations for Short ScrewsThreaded
Full Length.................................................. 15
MaximumGrip GagingLengths,Lo, andMinimumBodyLengths,Ls, for
Hex Cap ScrewsandHeavyHex Sc•-ews NominalSize .................. 19
6 Dimensionsof Heavy Hex Screws................................... 20
6A Dimensions of Underhead Fillets .................................... 21
6B Lc;, Maximum and Lt•, Minimum Limitationsfor Short ScrewsThreaded
Full Length.................................................. 22
7 Dimensions of Askew Head Bolts ................................... 26
8 Dimensionsof SquareLag Screws................................... 28
9 Dimensionsof Hex Lag Screws..................................... 29
9A Dimensionsof Lag ScrewThreads................................... 30
10 LengthTolerancesfor SquareandHex BoltsandScrews................... 32
Appendices
I ShankPositionandStraighmess
SleeveGagesandGaging .................. 33
H Straightness
GageandGaging ...................................... 35
A Formulas for Bolt and Screw Head Dimensions .......................... 37
B Specifications
for Identificationof Bolts and Screws ...................... 39
C Weightin Poundsof 100Hex Cap Screwsfor GivenDiameter/Length
Combination .................................................. 41
D Countersunk Center Holes ......................................... 43
E Government
StandaixlItemsandPartIdentifyingNumberingSystem
(PIN Code)for S•ew, Cap,HexagonHead ........................... 45
ix
SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREENS(INCH SERIES) ASME B18.2.1-1996
manufacturer'soption unless otherwise specified.The

markingshallbe in accordancewith the requirements of
para. :2.8.Markingsshall be legible to the unaidedeye
with the exceptionof correctivelenses.When raised,the
specifiedmaximumhead height for bolts 5/8in. and
smaller.For boltslargerthan5/8in., themarkingmaynot
head height.When indented,the depthof the marking
shall not reducethe load-carryingcapabilityof the fas-
tener.
(151}Material. Unlessotherwisespecified,chemical
be as agreeduponby manufacturerand purchaser.
(161}Nominal Size.Wherespecifyingnominalsizein
specified,hex boltsshallhavethe followingcharacteris-
ticsinspectedto ASME B 18.18.2M to theinspection
lev-
els shown:
Threads C
Head height C
Grip length C
Visual C
quirements,seeSection1, IntroductoryNotes,and Sec-
tion 2., General Data.
ASMEB18.2.1-1996 SQUAREAND HEXBOLTSANDSCREWS(INCHSERIES)
i ,
, ,
,,
• i
• ii
• ,
• • o
N • 0 • 0 • 0 •0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• • • •• o•• o• o•o•o
cm•{o
lO
TABLE4B L=, MAXIMUM AND Le, MINIMUM LIMITATIONSFOR

SHORT SCREWS THREADED FULL LENGTH
For
Nominal For
Nominal Product /.•, Nominal /.•, Le,
Size Lengths Max. Product Max. Min.
of _ [Note,(1)] [Note(2)] Lengths , [Note(3)] [Note(4)]
Product LessThan or Threa½l Equalto (UNC) (UNF) (UN) Thread
Diameter
,
Equalto Series Greater Than ....
[Note {5)] Thread Thread Thread Series
1/4 0.500 0.075 0.500 1.125 0.125 0.089 ... 0.043
s/• 0.625 0.083 0.625 1.250 0.139 0.104 ... 0.045
3/8 0.750 0.094 0.750 1.375 0.156 0.104 ... 0.048
7/• 0.875 0.107 0.875 1.625 0.179 0.125 ... 0.052
1/= 1.000 0.115 1.000 1.750 0.192 0.125 ... 0.053

% 1.125 0.125 1.125 2.000 0.208 0.139 ... 0.075
% 1.250 0.136 1.250 2.125 0.227 0.139 ... 0.078
3/4 1.500 0.150 1.500 2.500 0.250 0.156 ... 0.081
7/• ......... 2.750 0.278 0.179 ... 0.105

I ......... 3.000 0.312 0.208 ... 0.140
11/• ......... 3.500 0.357 0.208 0.312 0.146
11/4 ......... 3.750 0.357 0.208 0.312 0.146
1% ......... 4.250 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154

11/2 ......... 4.500 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154
13/4 ......... 5.125 0.500 ... 0.312 0.166
2 ......... 5.750 0.556 . .. 0.312 0.173
21/•. ......... 6.500 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173

21/2 ......... 7.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
23/4 ......... 7.625 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
3 ......... 8.125 0.625 ... 0.312 0.183
NOTES:
(1) Tabulated values are equal to 2 times the basic productdiameter.
(2) Tabulatedvaluesare equalto 1.5 timesthe coarsethread (UNC) pitch.
(3) Tabulatedvalues are equal to 2.5 times the thread pitch.
(4) L• min. equalsfillet length, Lf, max., as given in Table 4A.
(5) Longestscrew threaded full length.
Notes to Table 4: (min. pitch diameter)to E, max., whosevalue shall be

no lessthanR, min. as specifiedin Table4A; or
(1) Top of Head. Top of headshallbe full form and (b) a continuousor multiradiuscurvetangentto the
chamfered,with the diameterof chamfercircle being underheadbearingsurfaceat a pointno greaterthanone-
equalto the maximumwidth acrossfiats within a toler- half Ea, max. from the axisof screw,andtangentto the
ance of minus 15%. maximum shank diameter, E, max., at a distancenot ex-
(2) WrenchingHeight,J. Wrenchingheightis a dis- ceeding
Lf, max.fromthebearingsurface.
rancemeasuredfrom the bearingsurfaceup the sideof No radius in the multiradius curve shall be less than
the head at the comers. The width across corners shall R, min. specifiedin Table 4A (seeFig. 2).
be withinspecifiedlimitsfor the full wrenchingheight.
(3) BearingSurface.Bearingsurfaceshallbefiat and where:
washerfaced.Diameterof washerfaceshallbe equalto
the maximum width across Hats within a tolerance of mi- E,•, max. - El, min.
nus 10%.
0.015 in. nor greaterthan0.025 in. for screwsizes3/n
in. El, min. = Minimum specifiedpitchdiameterof coarse
thread: LINC- 2A
andsmaller,andnot lessthan0.015in. nor greaterthan
0.035 in. for sizeslargerthan 3/nin. Measurement of Ea, max. = Maximum fillet transition diameter (see
washerface diametershallbe takenat a heightof 0.004 Table 4A).
in. abovethe bearingsurface.
E la, min. = Ea, max. - 0.5 (E,•, max. - El, min.)
Circularrunoutof thebearingsurface,with respectto
the axisof the body,shallbe withinthe FIM limitsspec-
died. Measurement of FIM shall be made as close to the (6) Body Diameter. The diameterof body,exceptfor
periphery
of thebearing
surface
aspossible
whilethe a lengthequalto La, max. underthe head,shallconform
to the limitsfor E given in Table 4. The diameterof the
screwis held in a colletor othergrippingdeviceat a dis-
tance of one screw diameter from the underside of the unthreadedlengthon shortscrewswhicharethreadedfor
head. full lengthshall not be lessthan the minimumpitch di-
(4) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall ameterof the threadnor greaterthanthe maximumbody
be locatedat truepositionwith respectto the axisof the diameter,E, max., specifiedin Table 4 (seeFig. 2).
(7) Point. Point shall be chamferedor roundedat man-
body (determinedover a distanceunderthe headequal
to one diameter) within a tolerancezone whose diameter ufacturer'soption from approximately0.016 in. below
the minor diameter of the thread. The first full formed
is equivalentto 6% of the maximumwidth acrossflats,
regardlessof featuresize. threadat majordiameteris locatedat a distanceno greater
than2 timesthepitchmeasuredfrom theendof the screw.
(5) Fillet. Two stylesof head-to-shankfilletsare pro-
This distanceis to be determinedby measuringhow far
vided for long screwsin lengthslongerthan the maxi-
the pointentersinto a cylindricalNOT GO major diam-
mum lengthsspecifiedin Table4B. Style 1 will be sup-
eter ring gage(referenceGage 3.1, ASME B 1.2).
tie 2
maximum-minimum limits for R shown in Table 4A. Style I
Fillet
Style 2 has an ellipticalshapedefinedas a smooth,
multiradius,concavecurvetangentto theunderhead bear-
or less than one-half of E•, min. from the axis of the
screw;and tangentto the shankat a distancefrom the
underhead
bearingsurfacewithinthelimits specifiedfor
La. No radius in the fillet shall be lessthan R, min. (see
Fig. 1 and Table 4A).
For shortscrewsthreadedfull length(Table4B), the
fillet shallbe a smooth,concavecurvelying withinthe
envelopeestablishedby either:
(a) a continuousradius tangentto the underhead FIG. I UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR LONG
bearingsurfaceand min./max. shankdiameterE•, min. SCREWS
16
Fillet shall lie within

complete(full form) thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals
this envelope
twice the basicthreaddiameterplus0.25 in. for nominal
screwlengthup to and including6 in., and twice the ba-
sicthreaddiameterplus0.50 in. for nominallengthsover
6in.
Body length,LB, min., is the distancemeasuredparal-
lel to the axis of screwfrom the underheadbearingsur-
face to the last scratchof threador to the top of the ex-
trusion angle. For diameter length combinationsnot
/-f included in Table 4B or Table 5, the minimum body
length,LB, min., as calculatedand roundedto two deci-
FIG. 2 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR SHORT mal places,shall be equal to the maximumgrip gaging
SCREWS THREADED FULL, LENGTH lengthminusthe maximumtransitionthreadlength(LB,
min. = La, max.- Y, max.). It shall be a criterion for
inspection.
(8) Length Tolerances.Screwlengthtolerances
are Transitionthread length, Y, max., is a referencedi-
mensionequalto five coarse(UNC) pitchesandintended
givenin Table10.Tolerancesforpointed
productsshall
apply. for calculationpurposesonly. It includesthe lengthof
(9) Thread Length. The lengthof threadon screws incompletethreads,the extrusionangleon rolledthreads,
and toleranceson grip length.
shallbe controlled
by thegripgaginglength,La, max.,
and body length,LB, min. (10) Incomplete Thread Diameter. The majordiam-
eter of incompletethreadshallnot exceedthe actualma-
Long screwsnot threadedfull lengthof diameters
through1h in. andlengthsthrough 10 in. arespecified
(11) Body Position and Screw Straightness.The
inTable5. Forshortscrews
threadedfulllength,La, max.
alignmentand straightness of the threadand body shall
andLB,min.aregivenin Table4B (seeFig. 3).
For diameter-lengthcombinationsnot included in be suchthatthe screwwill meetthe gagingrequirements
Table4B or Table5, themaximum
gripgaginglength, setforth in AppendixI. In addition,screwsof nominal
La, max., for long screwswhich are not threadedfull lengthsover 10 in. through12 in. shallbe straightwithin
a maximum camber of 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of
length,ascalculated
androunded to twodecimalplaces,
shallbeequaltothenominalscrewleng• minusthenom- screwlength;and screwsof nominallengthsover 12 in.
inal threadlength(La, max. = L, nora.- Lr). It shallbe through24 in. shallbe straightwithin a maximumcam-
usedas the criterionfor inspection. bet of 0.008 in. per inch (0.008L) of screwlengthwhen
Nominal threadlength,Lr, is a referencedimension checked by the gage and gaging proceduregiven in
AppendixII.
intended
forcalculation
purposes
only,whichrepresents
the distancefrom the extreme end of the screw to the last: (12) Threads. Threads, when rolled, shall be Unified
Inch coarse,fine, or 8 threadseries(UNRC, UNRF, or 8
UNR Series),Class2A. Threadsproducedby othermeth-
odsshallpreferablybe UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at
manufacturer's option,may be Unified Inch coarse,f'me,
or 8 thread series (LINC, UNF, or 8 UN series), Class
2A. Acceptabilityof screwthreadsshall be determined
based on System 21 ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread
Gaging Systemsfor DimensionalAcceptability--Inch
and Metric ScrewThreads(UN, UNR, UNJ, M, andMJ).
(13) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
symbolson screwheadsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
Lt> min. _•
LO max. --•.
markingshallbe in accordancewith the requirements of
para.2.8. Markingsshallbe legible to the unaidedeye
FIG. 3 L•;, MAXIMUM AND L•, MININIMUM with the exceptionof correctivelenses.When raised,the
FOR SHORT SCREWS THREADED FULL heightof the markingmay not exceed0.015 in. overthe
LENGTH specifiedmaximumheadheightfor screws5/8in. and
17
ASME B18.2.1-1996 SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES)
smaller.For screwslargerthan% in., themarkingmay

notprojectmorethan0.030 in. overthe specifiedmaxi-
mumheadheight.Whenindented,thedepthof themark-
ing shallnot reducethe load carryingcapabilityof the
fastener.
andmechanicalpropertiesof steelscrewsshallconform
to ASTM A 307, ASTM A 449, ASTM A 354 GradeBD,
or SAE J429. Other materialsand gradesshall be as
agreeduponby manufacturer andpurchaser.
(15) NominalSize.Wherespecifyingnominalsizein
specified,hex capscrewsshallhavethe followingchar-
acteristics
inspected
to ASME B 18.18.2Mto theinspec-
tion levels shown:

Grip length C
Screwlength C
Visual C
inspection
(17) Additional Requirements.For additionalre-
15
SQUAREAND HEX BOLTSAND SCREWS(INCHSERIES) ASMEB18.2.1-1996
Style 2
Notes to Table 6: Style 1
Fillet

chamferedwith the diameter of chamfer circle being
equal to the maximum width acrossfiats, within a toler-
ance of minus 15%.
(2) Wrenching Height, J. Wrenchingheightis a dis-
tancemeasuredfrom the bearingsurfaceup the sideof
the head at the comers. The width across comers shall
be within the specifiedlimits for minimum wrenching
height. L3
(3) BearingSurface.Bearingsurfaceshallbe fiat and

washerfaced.Diameterof washerface shallbe equalto FIG. 4 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR LONG
the maximum width across fiats within a.tolerance of mi- SCREWS
nus 10%.
0.015 in. norgreaterthan0.025 in. for screwsizes3/4in. bearingsurface
andmin./max.shankdiameter,
E1(min.
and smaller,and not lessthan 0.015 in. nor greaterthan pitchdiameter)
toE, max.,whose
valueshallbenoless
0.035 in. for sizeslarger than 3/4in. Measurement of thanR, min. as specifiedin Table6A; or
washerface diametershall be taken at a heightof 0.004 (b) a continuous
or multiradius curvetangent to the
in. abovethe bearingsurface. underhead bearingsurface at a pointno greaterthanone
Circularrunoutof the bearingsurfacewith respectto halfEa, max.fromtheaxisof screwandtangentto the
the axis of the body shallbe within the FIM limits spec- maximum shankdiameter,E, max., at a distancenot ex-
ified. Measurement of FIM shall be made as close to the ceeding
Lf,min.fromthebearing
surface.
Noradius
in
peripheryof the bearingsurfaceas lX)ssiblewhile the thecurveshallbe lessthanR, min., asspecifiedin Table
screwis being held in a collet or othergrippingdevice 6A (seeFig. 5).
at a distance of one screw diameter from the underside (6) BodyDiameter.Thediameter of body,exceptfor
of the head. a lengthequaltoLa,max.underthehead,shallconform
(4) True Position of Head. The axis of the head shall to thelimitsfor E givenin Table6. Thediameter of the
be locatedat macpositionwith respectto the axisof the unthreaded lengthonshortscrews whicharethreaded for
body (determinedover a distanceun&'•rthe head equal full lengthshallnotbelessthantheminimum pitchdi-
to one diameter)within a tolerancezone havinga diam- ameterof thethreadnorgreaterthanthemaximumbody
eterequivalentto 6% of the maximumwidthacrossflats, diameter,
E, max.,specifiedinTable6. Hotforgedscrews
regardlessof featuresize. mayhavea reasonable swellundertheheadprovided the
(5) Fillet. Two stylesof head-to-shankfillets are pro- straighmessrequirement,Note(11), is met.
vided for long screwsin lengthslongerthan the maxi- (7) Point.Pointshallbechamfered orroundedatman-
mum lengthspecifiedin Table 6B. Style 1 will be sup- ufacmrer's optionfromapproximately 0.016in. below
Style 1 is a continuousradiusin accordancewith the Fillet shall lie within
maximum-minimum limits for R shown in Table 6A. this envelooe
Style 2 has an elliptical shapedefined as a smooth,
multiradius,concavecurvetangentto theunderhead bear-
nor less than one-half of Ea, min. from the axis of the
screwandtangentto the shankat a distancefrom the un-
derheadbearingsurfacewithinthelimi• specifiedfor La.
No radiusin the fillet shallbe lessthanR, min. (seeFig.
4 and Table 6A).
Lf
For shortscrewsthreadedfull length(Table 6B), the
envelopeestablishedby either: FIG. 5 UNDERHEAD FILLET FOR SHORT
(a) a continuousradius tangentto the underhead SCREWS THREADED FULL LENGTH
23
the minor diameter of the thread. The first full formed equalto the maximumgrip gaginglengthminusthe
threadat majordiameteris locatedata distance
nogreater maximum transition thread length (Ls, min. = La,
than2 timesthepitchmeasured fromtheendof thescrew. max. - Y, max.). It shallbe usedas the criterionfor in-
This distanceis determinedby measuringhow far the spection.
pointentersinto a cylindricalNOT GO major diameter (10) IncompleteThread Diameter.The majordiam-
ring gage(ref. Gage 3.1 ASME B1.2). eterof incomplete threadshallnotexceedtheactualma-
where: (11) Body Positionand Screw Straightness.The
alignmentandstraightness of the threadandbodyshall
Ea, max. - El, min. be suchthatthe screwwill meetthe gagingrequirements
setforthin AppendixI. In addition,screwsfor nominal
lengths over10in. through12in. shallbestraightwithin
El, min. = Minimum specifiedpitchdiameterof coarse a maximumcamberof 0.006 in. per inch (0.006L) of
thread (UNC) screwlength;andscrewsof nominallengthsover 12 in.
through24 in. shallbe straightwithina maximumcam-
Ea, max. = Maximum fillet transition diameter (see
ber of 0.008 in. per inch(0.008L) of screwlengthwhen
Table 6A).
checkedby the gage and gagingproceduregiven in
E•,•, min. = Ea, max. - 0.5 (Ea, max. - El, min.) AppendixII.
(12) Threads. Threads,whenrolled,shallbe Unified
(8) Length Tolerances.Screw lengthtolerancesare Inch coarse,fine, or 8 threadseries(UNRC, UNRF, or 8
givenin Table 10. Tolerancesfor pointedproductsshall UNR Series),Class2A in accordance with ASME BI.1.
apply. Threadsproduced
by othermethodsshallpreferablybe
(9) Thread Length. The lengthof threadon screws UNRC, UNRF, or 8 UNR, but at manufacturer'soption,
shall be controlledby the grip gaginglength,La, max., maybeUnifiedInchcoarse,
free,or8 threadseries
(LINC,
and bodylength,Ls, min. For long screwsthreadedfull UNF, or UN Series),Class2A. Acceptabilityof screw
lengthof diametersthrough11/4in. and lengthsthrough threadsshallbedeterminedbasedonSystem21 of ASME
10 in., thevaluesfor La, max.andLs, min. are specified B 1.3M, ScrewThreadGagingSystemsfor Dimensional
in Table5. For shortscrewsthreadedfull length,La, max. Acceptability.
and Lt•, min. are given in Table 6B (seeFig. 3). (13) Identification Symbols. Identificationmarking
For diameter-lengthcombinationsnot included in symbols on screwheadsshallbe raisedor indentedat the
Table 6B or Table 5, the maximumgrip gaginglength, manufacturer's optionunlessotherwisespecified.The
Lo, max., for long screwswhich are not threadedfull markingshallbe in accordancewith therequirements of
length,ascalculatedandroundedto two decimalplaces, para.2.8.Markingsshallbelegibletotheunaided eyewith
shallbeequalto thenominalscrewlengthminusthenom- theexceptionof correctivelenses.
Whenraised,theheight
inal threadlength(LG,max. = L, nora.- Lr). It shallbe of themarkingmaynotexceed0.015 in. overthe speci-
usedasthe criterionfor inspection. fied maximumheadheightfor screws s/8in. andsmaller.
Nominalthreadlength,Lr, is a referencedimension Forscrews largerthans/,in.,themarkingmaynotproject
intendedfor calculationpurposes only. It represents
the more than 0.030 in. over the specifiedmaximumhead
distance from the extreme end of the screw to the last height.Whenindented, thedepthof themarkingshallnot
complete(full form)thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals reducetheloadcarryingcapabilityof thefastener.
twicethebasicthreaddiameterplus0.25 in. for nominal (14) Material. Unlessotherwisespecified,chemical
bolt lengthsup to andincluding6 in., andtwice the ba- andmechanical propertiesof steelscrewsshallconform
sicthreaddiameterplu, 0.50 in. for nominallengthsover to ASTM A 307, ASTM A 449, ASTM A 354 GradeBD,
6 in. or SAE J429. Other materialsand gradesshall be as
Transitionthreadlength,Y, max., is a referencedi- agreeduponby manufacturer and purchaser.
mensionequalto five coarse(.UNC) pitchesand is in- (15) Nominal Size.Wherespecifyingnominalsizein
tendedfor calculationpurposesonly. It includesthe decimals,zerosprecedingthe decimaland in the fourth
lengthof incompletethreads,the extrusionangle on decimalplaceshallbe omitted.
rolledthreads,and the tolerances
on grip length. (16) Dimensional Conformance. Unless otherwise
For diameter-lengthcombinationsnot included in specified,heavyhex screwsshallhave the following
Table 5 or Table 6B, theminimumbody length,as cal- characteristics
inspected
to ASME B 18.18.2Mto the in-
culated and roundedto two decimal places, shall be spectionlevels shown:
24
APPENDIX I
SHANK POSITION AND STRAIGHTNESS
SLEEVE GAGES AND GAGING
(This Appendix is an integral part of ASME B18.2.1-1996and is placed after the main text for convenience.)
Gagescapableof simultaneously
checkingshankpo- centeredon sleeve,B, by meansof positioningplug, E,
sitionand straightness are illustratedbelow for screws andis securedin positionby attachmentscrews,C. The
with lengths10 in. and shorter. ring gageis setto Class2B max. pitchdiameterby the
Screwswithlengths10 in. andshorter shallbegagedin useof positioningplug,E. The maximumlengthof the
accordance with thisAppendix.Screwswith lengthsex- sleevegage,B, for anydiameterandlengthof screwwill
ceeding10 in. shall be gagedin accordance with this be 9 in. The hole diameter of the sleeve will be the nom-
Appendix usingthe9 in. lengthof sleeve,andadditionally, inalscrewdiameterplus0.031in. wheninspecting screws
shallbegagedin accordance with thegagingdescribed in of sizes3/4in. and smallerwith lengths6 in. and shorter;
Appendix II andto thestraightness requirements specified andplus0.062 in. whenitaspecting screwsof largersizes
by Note(11) to Table4 or Table6, asapplicable. and/orlonger lengths.
Bothconstructions canaccommodate: differentlengths To insureadequateservicelife, gagesand sleevesec-
of screwsthroughthe combination of variouslengthsof tionsshouldbe suitablyhardened.
sleevesto build up the requiredlength,L. When two or Failureof the productto enterthe threadsof the gage
more sections are combined, care must be exercised to freely by handfor a minimumof two completethreads
assureaccuratealignmentof the internalhole. indicates excessivepositional error and/or out-of-
In the lower construction,
GO threadring gage,A, is straightness.
CSK
todia.
Dj/
Optional Constructions
CSK to dia. D
•) +0.0000
D = Maximum screw diameter plus

diametral clearance allowance
L = Nominal screw length minus 0.50 in.
for screw lengths up to and including 6 in.
and minus 1.00 in. for lengths over 6 in.
33
APPENDIX I!
STRAIGHTNESS GAGE AND GAGING
(ThisAppendix
isanintegral
partofASMEB18.2.1-1996
andisplaced
afterthemaintextforconvenience.)
The conformance of boltsto shankstraightness

or cam- siblecamber
perinchof length
bytheproduct
lengthex-
ber limitationsset forth in the respectiveproductstan- pressed
asa twoplacedecimal.
Thetotalcamber
thus
dardsmaybe checked
by theuseof thetypicalgageil- derivedshallbe addedto thespecified
maximumbody
lustrated below in accordance with the following diameterexclusiveof allowancefor swell or fin under
procedures: head,andtheadjustable
railof gageshallbeadjusted
to
Screwswithlengths10 in. andshortershallbe gaged provide
a parallel
spacebetween
therailsequalto this
in accordance
withAppendixI requirements.Screwswith distance
by obtaining
commonreadings on bothmi-
lengthslongerthan10 in. shallbe gagedin accordance crometer heads.Theadjustable
rail shallthenbelocked
withAppendix I requirementsusingthe9 in. lengthof in placeby tightening
securing
screws.
sleeve,andadditionally
shallbegagedin accordancewith Theproductshallthenbeinserted
between
rails,ex-
thegaging described
in thisAppendixmad tothestraight- cluding
fromthegageanypermissible
length
ofswellor
nessrequirements specifiedby Note(1.1)to Table4 or filletunderthehead.Theproduct
shallberotated
byhand
Table 6, as applicable. through full360deg.Anyinterference
occurringbetween
Allowabletotalcamberon theproductto be inspected theproduct andthegagewhichis sufficient
to prevent
shallbe calculatedby multiplyingthespecifiedperntis- rotation indicatesexcessivecamber.
Adjustable Reversereadingmicrometerheads
rail
Securing screws
5.0
f-tl
TYPICAL STRAIGHTNESS GAGE
Excluded
lengths
applicable
to thevariousproducts
shallbeasdesignated
below:
X = Two timesthe basicbolt diameterto allow for permissible
swellunderthe
headfor'SquareBolts(Table1), Hex Bolts(Table2), HeavyHex Bolts
(Table3), and HeavyHex StructuralBolts(Table 5).
35

B18 2 1 1996

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Erratum

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

ASME B18.2. la-1999

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Three Park Avenue: ß New York, NY 10016

ASME is the registeredtrademark of The American Society of MechanicalEngineers.

This code or standardwas developedunder proceduresaccreditedas meeting the criteria for

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Followingapprovalby theASME B I8 Committee andASME, andafterpublicreview,ASME B18.2.1a-

This is the first Addendato be publishedto ASME B18.2.1-1996.

Replaceor insertthepageslisted.Changesgivenbelowareidentifiedon thepagesby a marginnote,(a),

ix • Contents Updatedto reflectAddenda

23, 24 Fig. 5 Four equationsaddedby errata

35 AppendixII Revised in its entirety

(This Foreword is not part of ASME B18.2.1-1996.)

American National StandardsCommitteeB 18 for the standardizationof bolts, screws,nuts,

General. ASME Standardsare developedand maintainedwith the intent to representthe

ProposingRevisions.Revisionsare made periodicallyto the Standardto incorporate

J. C. Akins, Safety Socket Screw Co.

D. A. Clever, Chair, Deere & Co.

Foreword ....................................................... iii

I Introductory Notes ........................................... 1

SQUARE AND HEX BOLTS AND SCREWS (INCH SERIES)

I INTRODUCTORY NOTES 1.3 Options

threadlength:the lengthfrom the extremepoint of the

For definitionsof othertermsrelatingto fasteners

2 GENERAL DATA 2.4 Body Diameter

2.2 Bolt or Screw Length 2.6 Workmanship

decimal equivalent); material, including specification lowingprovisions shallapplyfor inspectionof dimen-

2.8.2 Source Symbols. Eachof theeightproducts

It. • • oa• Loc•

N ,--, 0 t'•l 14• I'•. 0 LO 0 LO 0 LO 0 1.0 0

Notes to Table 1: (9) Straightness.Shanksof bolts shall be swaight

heightof themarkingmay not exceed0.015 in. overthe

(15) Material. Unlessotherwisespecified,chemical

Notes to Table 2: 0.190 in. for sizes over 3 in.

(15) Material. Unless otherwisespecified,chemical

Characteristic Inspection Level

•• • • oooo oooo oo ooooo

,-- 0000 0000 O0 00000

• • dddd oddd dd ddddd

• dddd dddd d• '-•

N M 0•0• 0•0• O0 00000

• • • o•• o•• o• o•o•o

Notes to Table 3: (8) Point. Unlessotherwisespecified,boltsneed not

markingshallbe in accordance with the requirements

(15) Material. Unlessotherwisespecified,chemical

TABLE 4A DIMENSIONS OF UNDERHEAD FILLETS

Long Screws Long and Short Screws

% 0.2500 0.300 0.280 0.087 0.043 0.025 0.015 0.300 0.043

1% 1.3750 1.565 1.495 0.332 O.166 0.095 0.060 1.565 0.154

TABLE 4B Lo, MAXIMUM AND LB, MINIMUM LIMITATIONS FOR

1/2 1.000 O.115 1.000 1.750 0.192 0.125 ß. ß 0.053

/8 ......... 2.750 0.278 0.179 . ßß 0.105

1% ......... 4.250 0.417 0.208 0.312 0.154

21/4 ......... 6.500 0.556 ... 0.312 0.173

Notes to Table 4: (min. pitch diameter)to E, max., whosevalue shall be

Fillet shall lie within complete(full form)thread.Nominalthreadlengthequals