FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

EMM3116: STATICS
GROUP WORK: TRUSS DESIGN

SEMESTER 1, 2021/2022

GROUP NAME: GROUP 3

GROUP MEMBERS:

NO NAME MATRIC
NO
1 MUHAMMAD HAZIM HAZIQ BIN 213172
LOKMAN
2 MUHAMMAD IDZLAN BIN AZMI 212655
3 MUHAMMAD AZIM HILMAN BIN RESYIDI 211997
4 MOGANESH A/L YOGESWARAN 213018
INTRODUCTION

What is actually a truss? A truss is actually a structure composed of slender members

joined together at their endpoints. Trusses are one of the most widely adopted structural
designs, many times being utilized as the structural solution of choice for bridges, roofs, cranes,
aircrafts, and even robots and spaceships. The members commonly used in construction consist
of wooden struts or metal bars. It is a structure that is connected at the end points that will make
that object look like a connected triangle until it becomes a single object that has an angle
between the structures. As we can see commonly truss built in two dimensions which we can
see through plane x and y. Trusses consist of straight members that are connected to each other
and at the end of points the members of structure they will meet at joints. It can relate trusses
with a spider web when we see it with 2-dimension perspective and on that structure, it will
have weight, forces that act to each other which is either compression or tension without
bending or shearing those structures. Why are the trusses commonly a triangle shape? This is
because the triangle shape of the truss is the most stable compared to other shapes and triangle
shapes are fixed to prevent shearing that can bring unexpected problems to occur. So, the truss
will be able to carry a load that goes through that structure without any problems. For example,
a car can cross the bridge that has a truss that supports the bridge from falling down. In practice,
joints do not have to be pinned but it can be assumed a joint behaves as if it was pinned as long
as all the bars passing through the joint intersect at a single point. Its members are joined
together through metallic plates and bolts. Since all members intersect at a single point for
every joint, we can idealize the structure of the bridge for purposes of analysis. Truss is also a
structure composed of rigid members connected together in a way that enables it to resist
change in shape due to the loads. The main purpose of truss is to carry larger loads or spans
than any individual member (truss members) can. In order to determine the internal forces in
each member of the truss (individual members), the following assumptions are made that the
members are connected together by frictionless joints (pins) and external forces are subjected
at the joints only. In fact, these assumptions are achieved in an imaginary truss called “ideal
truss”. Because, For example, there are no joints in nature that are frictionless, also, external
forces may be applied along the axes of the members (not at joints) like weights of the members
and the wind load. Such forces are either neglected (e.g., if the weights of the members are
small in comparison with the loads) or their results are replaced by statically equivalent forces
at the adjacent pins.
Conclusion

In conclusion, there was a variety of ways to design a cost-effective truss structure. We

construct a design truss that is satisfied the safety, ease of manufacture, and price.
1. Safety - In order to maintain its structure to prevent it from deflection and collapsing.
Due to that, we choose a material which is steel because of its characteristics:-
1. High strength-to-weight ratio - can withstand heavy wind. Compared to other
building materials, it has high compressive strength extremely durable that it
could tolerate high levels of stress in both tension and pressure circumstances.
2. Pest resistance - withstand termites and other wood pest infestations. Unlike
wood, which can thin out and eventually collapse.
3. Fire-resistant - steel trusses with fire-retardant coatings. It is important for any
structure with living occupants. It is critical for any construction that houses
people.
2. Ease of Manufacture - We design the truss that is quite simple, not a complicated
design. It is made up of narrow bars that are only connected by frictionless pins at
their ends. Then it is connected to external supports if any only through its joints.
external loads are applied only on its joints. If all these conditions apply, methods of
analysis become really simple, as we will see in the document entitled “The Method
of Joints”. It is the simplest approach to join the members, lowering labor costs.
3. Our Design is very cost-efficient although we used steel as our material that is a little
bit pricy, still, we design it using fewer materials with fewer joints. Less material
means less money used.
To sum up, everything that has been stated so far, we propose our second design to the high
management with particular reason for the circumstance that satisfied the characteristic. With
low cost, easy to handle and the very important part is the safety the design can offer.

Reference

1. TR00FR00w5. (2018). Advantages Of Using Steel Roof Trusses. Roof Rooms.

https://roofrooms.co.za/2018/11/09/advantages-of-using-steel-roof-trusses/

2. Trusses. (2014). Steelconstruction.info.

https://www.steelconstruction.info/Trusses

3. Northern Weldarc LTD. (2018, January 20). Edmonton Structural Steel Fabrication.

https://northern-weldarc.com/know-structural-steel-trusses/
 ~ Link for Presentation video ~
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-eL6B8R21izp5z_BaYRN-TP-HDU-
W_H/view?usp=drivesdk