Structural engineering

What do you call the science and art of planning, designing, and constructing safe and economical
structures that will serve their intended purposes?

Structural analysis –

What is an integral part of any structural engineering project, its function being the prediction of the
performance of the proposed structure?

STRUCTURE –

What refers to a system of connected parts used to support a load. Important examples related to civil
engineering include buildings, bridges, and towers; and in other branches of engineering, ship and
aircraft frames, tanks, pressure vessels, mechanical systems, and electrical supporting structures are
important?

CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE –

What is the important part for a structural engineer to recognize the various types of elements
composing a structure and to be able to classify structures as to their form and function?

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS:

TIE RODS –

It is called the structural members subjected to a tensile force are often referred to as tie rods or bracing
struts.

BEAMS –

These are usually straight horizontal members used primarily to carry vertical loads.

COLUMNS –

It is a “members” that are generally vertical and resist axial compressive loads are referred to as
columns. Tubes and wide-flange cross sections are often used for metal columns, and circular and
square cross-sections with reinforcing rods are used for those made of concrete.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE –

What do you call the combination of structural elements and the materials from which they are
composed?

structural system.

TRUSSES –

When the span of a structure is required to be large and its depth is not an important criterion for
design, this may be selected. What is this component that consist of slender elements, usually arranged
in triangular fashion?

Planar trusses –

This are composed of members that lie in the same plane and are frequently used for bridge and roof
support, whereas space trusses have members extending in three dimensions and are suitable for
derricks and towers. What is it called?

Cables –

This are usually flexible and carry their loads in tension. What kind of component that are commonly
used to support bridges and building roofs?

Arch –

This component achieves its strength in compression since it has a reverse curvature to that of the
cable. It must be rigid, however, to maintain its shape, and this results in secondary loadings involving
shear and moment, which must be considered in its design.

FRAMES –

What do you call a component that often used in buildings and are composed of beams and columns
that are either pin or fixed connected?
SURFACE STRUCTURES –

It is made from a material having a very small thickness compared to its other dimensions.

LOADS –

The objective of a structural engineer is to design a structure that will be able to withstand all the
_____to which it is subjected while serving its intended purpose throughout its intended life span.

CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS

The loads that act on common civil engineering structures can be grouped according to their nature and
source into three classes:

1. Dead Loads

2. Live Loads

3. Environmental Loads

DEAD LOADS –

It is a kind of loads that is due to the weight of the structural system itself and any other material
permanently attached to it.

LIVE LOADS –

It is kind of loads which are movable or moving loads due to the use of the structure.

ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS –

It is kind of loads which are caused by environmental effects, such as wind, snow, and earthquakes.