Best Research-Cell Efficiencies

52
Multijunction Cells (2-terminal, monolithic) Thin-Film Technologies Sharp
(IMM, 302x) Soitec
LM = lattice matched CIGS (concentrator) (4-J, 297x)
48 Boeing- NREL
MM = metamorphic CIGS Spectrolab SolarJunc FhG-ISE/ Soitec (6-J,143x) 47.1%
IMM = inverted, metamorphic CdTe (LM, 364x)
Amorphous Si:H (stabilized) (LM, 942x)
Three-junction (concentrator) Spectrolab FhG-ISE SpireSemicon
Three-junction (non-concentrator) NREL
44 Two-junction (concentrator)
Emerging PV (MM, 299x) (MM, 454x) (MM, 406x) 44.4%
Dye-sensitized cells Boeing-Spectrolab Boeing-Spectrolab NREL
Two-junction (non-concentrator) Soitec (4-J, 327x)
Perovskite cells (MM,179x) (MM, 240x) (4-J, 319x)
Four-junction or more (concentrator) Perovskite/Si tandem (monolithic) Boeing-
SolarJunc NREL (6-J)
40 Four-junction or more (non-concentrator) Organic cells NREL (IMM) NREL Spectrolab (5-J) NREL 39.5%
NREL (IMM, 325.7x) (LM, 418x) 39.2%
Single-Junction GaAs Organic tandem cells Boeing-
Inorganic cells (CZTSSe) Boeing- Spectrolab Sharp (IMM)
Single crystal
36 Concentrator Quantum dot cells (various types) Spectrolab
Boeing- NREL
Sharp (IMM) FhG-ISE NREL (38.1x) 35.5%
Perovskite/CIGS tandem (monolithic) Spectrolab (IMM)
Thin-film crystal NREL/ Spectrolab
Spectrolab Spectrolab NREL (467x) NREL (MM) LG NREL
Crystalline Si Cells
Cell Efficiency (%)

32.9%
Japan Spectrolab Alta
32 Single crystal (concentrator) Varian NREL Energy IES-UPM (1026x) FhG-ISE (117x) NREL NREL
(258x)
Alta
Devices
EPFL/CSEM
31.3%
Single crystal (non-concentrator) NREL LG NREL
(216x) FhG-ISE (232x) Alta Alta SunPower (large-area) Alta HZBOxford PV HZB 30.8%
Multicrystalline Varian Radboud Univ. FhG-ISE 29.1%
Silicon heterostructures (HIT) Varian 27.8%
28 (205x)
SunPower (96x) Panasonic LG LG Oxford PV KRICT/MIT
Thin-film crystal NREL Amonix (92x) Kaneka Oxford PV KRICT/MIT & 27.6%
Stanford Panasonic Kaneka ISFH Korea U (tie) 26.7%
(140x) Kopin Radboud U. FhG-ISE Alta EPFL UNIST 26.1%
Varian UNSW UNSW UNIST
Panasonic Solexel ZSW 25.7%
24 Spire UNSW UNSW
UNSW
Sanyo Sanyo NREL (14.7x) First Solar
NREL (15.4x)
Stanford/ASU
SolarFrontier
24.2%
IBM FhG-ISE Sanyo 23.4%
UNSW UNSW UNSW Sanyo ZSW HZB
NREL Sanyo EMPA (Flex poly) NREL
(T.J. Watson Stanford UNSW / 23.3%
UNSW ZSW UCLA JinkoSolar 23.3%
Research Center) Georgia Eurosolare (14x) ISCAS Trina Solar
20 ARCO Georgia Georgia Tech
ISFH
KRICT/UNIST Canadian Solar
22.1%
21.2%
Tech Tech NREL Solexel KRICT FhG-ISE UNIST
Westing- Spire Varian UNSW NREL NREL NREL NREL First Solar SJTU/BUAA
house NREL NREL U. Stuttgart FhG-ISE Solibro 18.2%
NREL SolarFron EPFL City U HK/UW 18.1%
Sandia First Solar GE First GE Trina SJTU-UMass
16 RCA
No. Carolina
U. So.
Florida Matsushita NREL
Solar Univ.of Queensland SCUT-CSU
U. Stuttgart KRICT AIST Raynergy Tek of Taiwan
Mobil State U. SolarexSolarex NREL UniSolar Mitsubishi EPFL AIST
ICCAS 14.2%
Boeing (aSi/ncSi/ncSi) LG
Solar NREL Euro-CIS NREL
UniSolar NJUPT 14.0%
UniSolar Sharp
Kodak ARCO ARCO NIMS
12 Boeing
Kodak Kodak Boeing Sharp EPFL
EPFL
13.0%
13.0%
Photon Energy EPFL
Kodak AMETEK IBM IBM UCLA- IBM Phillips 66 SCUT/eFlexPV
Matsushita Boeing Boeing EPFL Sumitomo UCLA
ARCO Konarka U.Toronto
Solarex ICCAS
8 U.of Maine
Monosolar UniSolar Solarmer Heliatek
MIT HKUST UCLA
NREL / Konarka Konarka UCLA
Boeing RCA EPFL Sumi- U.Toronto U.Toronto
U.of Maine Groningen U. Linz (PbS-QD)
EPFL tomo

(Rev. 06-30-2022)
4 Siemens
Plextronics Heliatek
RCA U. Linz U. Dresden NREL
RCA RCA RCA U. Linz
(ZnO/PbS-QD)
RCA RCA
0
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