3 ISAE-JUICE Jan 2020 3 Spacecraft Overview FF Iss1

‘ We make it flyby ’
JUICE spacecraft design

and design approach
JUI-ADST-SYS-HO-000178
JUICE system
Spacecraft: Mission Operation

Airbus D&S SAS Centre (MOC)
Ground Stations:
 Cebreros ESOC
 New Norcia
 Malargue
Launcher:
Ariane 5 ECA
European Science Science Operation

Community (with PI Centre (SOC)
provided instruments)
ESAC
2
The JUICE spacecraft (1/3)
3
In flight
4
Isometric views
+X/+Y/+Zsat -X/-Y/+Zsat
5
Isometric views
+X/-Y/-Zsat -X/+Y/-Zsat
Size and instrument accommodation
2864 mm
PEP NU
PEP JENI RIME antenna
4093 mm
4010 mm
RIME
PEP NU antenna
PEP
JENI
PEP ZU
Z=0
345 mm
Interface 1666 mm
7
Internal accommodation principle
8
09 October 2014
9
Exploded view
Optical bench accommodated
instruments with stringent
pointing requirements close to
STR-OH and NAVCAM and their
proximity electronics inside +X RIME antenna PEP Nadir units
vault SOLAR ARRAY
(stowed)
Vault gathering most of the
electronic units for radiation,
ESD & EMC mitigation as well as
to ensure a warm thermal two axis MGA
environment throughout mission
JACS
Calibration coils for JMAG
MAG boom in three

parts (stowed)
HGA
X&Ka band
Propellant tanks
(2x1630l) &
450 N bi-propellant main pressurant tanks
engine with 2x4 22 N
thrusters for MEBM and
2x6 10 N thrusters for orbit
control and wheel
offloading
10
PY VIEW WITHOUT CLOSURE WALLS
VAULT PX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT MX

SHEARWALL PXPY EXTERNAL SIDE PY SIDE SHEARWALL MXPY EXTERNAL SIDE
BAT2
BAT1
HETK1
RADEM
RW1
PCA
(Propellant Control Assembly)
BAT4
HETK2
+Zsat RW2
PIA
(Pressurant Isolation Assembly)
+Xsat
MY VIEW WITHOUT CLOSURE WALLS
VAULT MX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT PX

SHEARWALL MXMY EXTERNAL SIDE MY SIDE SHEARWALL PXMY EXTERNAL SIDE
RFDA DETAIL
RFDA
WGS6
WGS5
WGS7
BAT5
WGS9
HETK3 WGS8
BAT3
WGS4
WGS1
RW3
WGS3
RW4
+Zsat
WGS2
+Xsat
MX VAULT
(without Harnesses)
RIMETX
RIME RDS
BAT2
SADE APME
BAT1
A
3GMKAT KEPC1
KEPC2
JMU2 XEPC1
XEPC2
MAGELB
HETK1 BAT5 SECTION A

DST2 RIMERDS XTWT1
RPWIEU KTWT1
HETK3
PCDU
BAT3
RW3
RW1
BAT4 DST1
RW2 RW4
HETK2
+Zsat FDV
XTWT2 KTWT2
+Ysat
PX VAULT
(without Harnesses)
GALALEU
3GMUSO
SWI EU
JMU1
B
GALAELU
MAJISME SECTION B
CDMU 3GMUSO
JANUSMEU GALALEU
RIU
STREU2 STREU1
HAADA
MIMU2
MIMU1
HAACU
+Zsat
+Ysat
PY SECTION
VAULT PX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT MX

SHEARWALL PXMY INTERNAL SIDE SHEARWALL MXMY INTERNAL SIDE
RIMERDS
SWIEU
APME
JMU1
KEPC1
GALAELU MMHTK KEPC2
XEPC1
XEPC2
DST2
JANUSMEU
DST1
STREU2
HAADA NTOTK
HAACU
PIA
+Zsat
ME
+Xsat
MY SECTION
VAULT MX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT PX

SHEARWALL MXPY INTERNAL SIDE SHEARWALL PXPY INTERNAL SIDE
RIMERDS
RIMETX
GALALEU
SADE
3GMKAT MMHTK MAJISME
JMU2
SECTION C
MAGELB CDMU
HAAACU
RPWIEU RIU
STREU1
PCDU
MIMU2
NTOTK
PIA
+Zsat MIMU1
+Xsat
THRUSTERS LOCATIONS
THR02B
THR03B T2
T3 THR02A
THR03A
ME
THR04B
THR01B
T4
T1
THR04A
THR01A
+Ysat
+Xsat
Spacecraft design approach
Although JUICE is unique by essence, the spacecraft design

approach remains classical
No universal rules, but guidelines
• Analysis and understanding of system requirements
• Split in elementary spacecraft functions
• Identification of critical items
• Reference to past experience
• Identification of system design option to assess (trade off approach)
• Favour the simplest solutions when applicable
• Consider « non technical » constraints in the background
o Cost / Schedule
o Geo return
• Iterative approach
p
1
8
Initial spacecraft sizing
 Mission budgetary envelop and political constraints define the
potential launcher
• ESA science missions: Soyuz Fregat is the standard workhorse
• Actually not sufficient for JUICE. Ariane 5 has been baselined
 Achievable spacecraft dry masses are deduced from launcher
capability and required orbit manoeuvres
• For JUICE, compromise between Mission delta V, number of planetary
gravity assist (e.g. mission duration), propellant tank capabilities
 First element to identify payload constraints
 Then preliminary allocation is made for other spacecraft
functions
• A first idea of a possible spacecraft configuration is needed as soon as
possible.
• It allows to get a first idea on system budgets and critical items
p
1
9
Spacecraft configuration build up
 One of the very first activity in spacecraft conception is to draw

out a configuration, with:
• An instrumental concept
• Overall shape, size and geometry (thus mass)
o Driving elements (JUICE: launcher, propellant tanks, radiation environment, large solar arrays, large
antenna, large range of distance to Sun and earth)
• Articulation concept
• Field of view, large elements, aerials and appendages
o Payload instruments first
o The large elements (propellant tanks, solar arrays, high gain antenna
o Then thrusters, attitude sensors, other antennas, electronics…
 Then a structural concept is issued

• Interfacing with launcher (volume, physical connections and load path)
• Supporting the instruments and the sizing spacecraft elements
• Housing all other servitude functions
 And a 3-D model of the spacecraft pops up with all its elements
• Necessary to evaluate mission performances and budgets
p
2
0
Configuration evolution since early study phases (1/2)
Study phase proposal - 2012 Study phase PRR - 2013
Phase B-CD proposal

03/2015
Study phase SRR - 2014
21
Configuration evolution since early study phases (2/2)
Phase B-CD proposal Phase B-CD SRR Phase B-CD PDR

03/2015 12/2015 12/2016
22
Mechanical architecture
 Design approach
 1st step: identification of sizing elements
o Support the large instrument
o Support the service electronics, the propulsion systems, the solar arrays
o Compatibility with launcher
– Class of launcher defines the allowable volume and mass for the spacecraft
 2nd step: Defining a mechanical architecture

o Looking for instrument isostatic mounting to avoid distortion
o Looking for symmetry to avoid distortion
o Providing efficient load paths during launch
o Pre-sizing the structure (decoupling 1st eigenfrequencies wrt. launcher)
o Verifying balancing on the launcher
 3rd step: specifying mechanical environment for units

o Worst case worst place for everybody to initiate the process
o Conditions refined/decreased once accommodation exercise completed
p
2
3
Mechanical analyses
(First spacecraft global mode (rotation about Z)
January 2017
24
The JUICE spacecraft (3/3)
25
Instruments overall accomodation
• Volume margins for instruments and navigation camera
• Stable optical bench for instruments with high pointing requirements
• Passive dynamic isolators implemented for reaction wheels to
minimize µ-vibrations
• 10.6 meter MAG boom for DC and AC magnetic cleanliness
performance
• Key instruments protected from thrusters plumes
• The spacecraft integration is compatible with any instrument delivery
sequence
The optical bench
In-situ sensors integrated

on deployable booms
26
AIT concept
Accessibility granted for all

electronic equipment
Integrated in the vaults
‘Optical’ instruments are integrated on

the optical bench
in parralel of the spacecraft AIT.
Instruments can be assembled onto the
spacecraft in any order.
Instruments retrofit, if needed, possible
up to the launch campaign.
27
Thermal architecture
 Design approach
 1st step
o Characterisation of the various mission phases
o Characterisation of the space environment through these different phases
– Viewing factors wrt. Sun and planets
 2nd step
o Definition of sink temperatures
o Heat rejection budget for each spacecraft faces through the different phases
 3rd step
o Internal layout accounted for
o Thermal path definitions (conducted or radiated, no convection)
 4th step
o Architecture definition, control principle elaboration, material selection
o Radiators, heaters and heating power sizing
o Temperature map prediction
p
2
8
Thermal subsystem
• Instruments survival heaters and thermistances

managed by the spacecraft
• The platform thermal control is based on well-

known and simple passive hardware such as
heatpipes or MLI Blankets.
• Most of the platform and instruments electronic
units are accommodated inside the vaults with the
same -20°C/+50°C design operating range. The
link between radiators and units is ensured thanks
to a network of surface heatpipes (or HPS) and
embedded heatpipes (or HPE)
• Low dissipative units are accommodated on the
central cylinder to limit vaults size and mass.
29
Functional architecture
 Design approach
 1st step: centralised or decentralised
o Weight of tradition (ESA science programs decentralised until Gaia)
o SW flexibility, CPU loads, modes and operations complexity
o Failure tolerance, hot/warm/cold redundancy
o Mass, power constraints
o Development / subcontracting scheme, geo return
 2nd step: looking for heritage
o Mars Express: Rosetta avionics, Telecom based propulsion,
o Venus Express: Mars Express
o Solar Orbiter: Bepi Colombo avionics
o Koms (Meteo & telecom S/C for Korea): Mars Express structure & propulsion, telecom avionics
o Gaia: Limitied to basic building blocks like LPF TRSP & PMD, Aeolus gyrostellar estimator)
 3rd step: traffic and link budget establishment
o Evaluate volume of data exchanged (on board, with ground)
o Define physical supports (data bus, point to point links)
o List the interfaces, standardise as far as possible
 4th step: establish performance budgets
o Define protocols
o Establish CPU, memory and bus occupation budgets
p
3
0
Functional architecture
. 64 MHz on board central computer embedding a 1 Tbit mass memory
. X and Ka band communication. Science data telemetry from 1,4 Gbit to 3,9
Gbit per day
. Enhanced on board monitoring: mini cameras and solar generator
performance control
Payload
3GM JANUS SWI GALA UVS J-MAG MAJIS RIME RPWI RADEM PEP
SpaceWire
Chemical Command and Data Datation pulse Attitude
Propulsion Management Subsystem and Orbit
ReactionWheel
Wheel Inertial
Subsystem Reaction
Reaction Wheel Measurement Unit
Control
Reaction Wheel
(including
Main Engine accelerometers)
Command and
Remote Interface
Data Management
Unit
Reaction Control Unit
Thrusters Star Tracker
StarTracker
Star Tracker StarTracker
Star Tracker
Optical Head
Electronics
Electronics OpticalHead
Optical Head
MIL-STD-1553 B data bus
Travelling Deployment
Antenna Pointing X-bandWave DeepSpace
Space lines SunSensor
Sun Sensor Navigation
Tube Amplifiers Deep
Mechanism Travelling Wave Transponder Protected Camera
(X-band, Ka-band) Transponder power
Electronics Tube Amplifier
lines
Thermal
control
Travelling
Ka-band Wave
Antenna Pointing RF Distribution Tube Amplifiers Power Control and Solar Array Drive JUICE Monitoring JUICE Monitoring
Travelling Wave
Mechanism Assembly (X-band, Ka-band) Distribution Unit Electronics Unit Camera
Tube Amplifier
Communications subsystem
Battery Solar Array Drive
Mechanism Solar Array
Medium Gain High Gain Electrical and Power
Low Gain Antenna
Antenna Antenna Subsystem Solar Generator Subsystem
31
Electrical architecture
 Design approach
 1st step: preliminary resource sizing
o Estimate power requirement per phase
o Battery sizing
– Energy needs (launch phase, eclipses, manœuvres, peak power….)
– Select battery technology (function of cycling, required capacity)
o Solar array sizing
– Considering power profiles, battery charging, attitude wrt. Sun
– Select solar cell technology (deep space probe or not, temperature range)
 2nd step: selection of a power topology

o Conditioning and regulation principle
o Bus voltages
o Line protection
 3rd step
o Define electrical interfaces
o Establish power budgets
p
3
2
Electrical architecture . SpW interfaces for all instruments (but 3GM), with cross-strapping implemented
in the CDMS S/S.
. Regulated +28V bus supply to all PSUs (Nom + Red) but reaction wheels (100V)
. Survival heaters and thermisatances managed by the spacecraft
33
Spacecraft harness
34
Spacecraft with harness
VIEW +X VIEW -X
Data handling subsystem
• High-performance processing core

• An On-Board Computer Mass Memory (OBC-MM)
capacity of 8 Gbit EOL.
• An integrated science mass memory
• Science mass memory compatible with the
simultaneous transmission of science data files
to the X-band and Ka-band, designed as an
integrated CDMU hardware/software function:
• Dedicated CDMU HW module for memory
resources and basic control logic, i.e. the
Solid-State Mass Memory
• Dedicated CSW components implement file
management as well as file downlink support
services.
• SpaceWire interfaces towards the instruments
(but 3GM) for science data acquisition and
towards the processor (for mass memory
control), with cross-strapping implemented in
the CDMS S/S.
• At SSMM module input, science data packets are
multiplexed onto 100 Mbps SpaceWire link(s).
• CFDP downlink implementation and
management concept
• Hardware-implemented CFDP engine that is
dedicated to downlinking the native science data
files through X- and/or Ka-band TM channels.
36
Electrical subsystem The EPS autonomously manages primary power control,
energy storage and bus voltage regulation. It is capable of
being powered by either the solar generator or the battery
or both at the same time, in-orbit as well as on ground.
The EPS architecture is based on a regulated 28Vdc

primary power bus (28V-BR) for single failure tolerant
primary and comprises:
•A Power Control and Distribution Unit (PCDU) featuring:
• Maximum Power Point Tracker
• Battery Charge and Discharge Regulators
• Latch current limiter protected lines to users
• Deployment and release lines to users
•a Lithium-Ion Battery Assembly consisting of five battery
modules
•the Solar Generator (SG) and its dedicated mechanisms
(HDRM),
•the Solar Array Drive Mechanisms (SADM),
•the Solar Array Drive Electronics (SADE)
and the wiring harness necessary to electrically
interconnect the EPS units.
37
Communications
 Design approach
 1st step: Selection of frequency
o Imposed by regulation agency (ITU),
o Function of mission type and orbit
o JUICE: X band for command/control and payload downlink, plus Ka band to increase data return
 2nd step; Definition of communication scenarios

o JUICE:
– 35 m ESA station 8 hour/day
– 15 m station network for LEOP
– NASA 70 m station in emergency
 3rd step: resources sizing (iterative)

o Ground/spacecraft link capabilities: preliminary link budgets as function of distance, antenna
geometry, memory capability, data availability requirement, protocol
o Antenna, amplifiers, transponders selection in iteration with spacecraft configuration, power
resources and thermal control capabilities
 4th step: on board architecture definition:

o Interconnection schemes
o Redundancy, reconfiguration,
o Detailed link budgets, system budgets
p
3
8
TT&C subsystem
Communication Subsystem comprises the

following main components:
•The X / X, Ka-Band Deep Space Transponder
(DST) with TC uplink capability in X-Band, TM
downlink capability in X-/Ka-Band and
support of ranging and DDOR;
•The 52 W redundant X-Band Travelling Wave
Tube Amplifier (TWTA);
•The 27 W redundant Ka-Band TWTA;
•The RF Distribution Assembly (RFDA) to
interconnect the transponders and the 3 GM
instrument with the relevant antennas,
•A 2.4 m X-/Ka-Band High Gain Antenna
(HGA) for communication and 3GM support
during cruise, flybys and Ganymede orbits;
•An X-/Ka-Band Medium Gain Antenna (MGA)
for communication and 3GM support during
interplanetary cruise and contingency case at
Jupiter distance;
•Two X-Band Low Gain Antennas (LGA) for
quasi spherical coverage during LEOP and
emergency phases.
•The 3GM KaT and USO.
39
Science telemetry
Margins for all the launch windows.

The maximum science return is achieved for the
June 2022 launch opportunity.
4,00
Minimum daily amount of science data
3,85 3,90
3,50
3,00
3,10 3,00
Max science TM daily
volume (Gb/day)
2,00 Min science TM daily
1,75 1,75 1,70 volume (Gb/day)
1,50 1,40
Specification 1,4Gb/day
1,00
0,00
2033 2034 2035 2036 2037
Ganymede orbiting phase occurence
40
Propulsion system
 Design approach
 1st step: staging optimisation between launcher and spacecraft
– Gaia: launcher ensures the insertion into transfer orbit to L2
– Lisa Pathfinder: spacecraft/cruise stage composite inserted on a transfer orbit
– Bepi Colombo: multi stage spacecraft for Earth escape, cruise and insertion around Mercury
– JUICE: Injected on a direct escape orbit, uses planetary and Jovian moons gravity assists to guarantee sufficient dry mass
 2nd step: selection of propulsion system

o Analyse of orbit manœuvres and associated velocity increments
o Selection of the propulsion techniques
– High thrust/medium efficiency (chemical) or low thrust/high efficiency (electrical)
– Cold gas, liquid or solid
– For the liquid system, selection between Hydrazine (Isp 220 s), bipropellant (Isp 300 s) or dual mode
 3rd step: Propulsion architecture definition

o Tank sizing
o Thrusters configuration and capacity (in connection with AOCS)
o Pressurisation and isolation circuit definition
 4th step: Propulsion thermal control definition
p
4
1
Propulsion system and elements
42
Dynamic and control
 Design approach
 1st step
o Considering the required attitude profiles and disturbing torque assessments:
– Selection of control concept: passive or active, spinned or 3 axis controlled
– JUNO: spin stabilised
– JUICE: 3 axes control with pure forces and pure torques capability to avoid orbit disturbance and ease navigation
o Considering the spacecraft configuration and the disturbing torque assessment
– Selection of the control (thrusters, micro thrusters, reaction wheels, control momentum gyros…)
– JUICE: Standard system with reaction wheels for fine control and thruster for offloading and main engine control
 2nd step
o Selection of sensors
– Standard base with star sensors, gyros, acceleros and sun sensors
– Specific need for Navigation camera allowing to improve pointing performance during Moon flybys considering limited
knowledge of Moon ephemeris
o Actuator sizing and control bandwidth definition
– Main engine for large manoeuvres
– 10N and 20N Thusters for attitude control during manoeuvres and safe mode recovery
 3rd step
o AOCS modes definition, associated control laws
o Definition of failure modes and associated recovery procedures
o Pointing budget elaboration, resources budgets (propellant, processing…)
p
4
3
AOCS subsystem
• High accuracy and autonomous star

trackers: three Optical Heads with large
inter-head angular separations to meet
pointing performance specifications with
two heads
• High performance gyros for nominal and
safe modes with embedded accelerometers
to meet DV accuracy requirements
• High capacity reaction wheels to support
the high kinematics during Jovian moon
flybys and to store sufficient angular
momentum to minimise off loading
frequency in Ganymede orbit.
• A complete thruster configuration with pure
torque and longitudinal / transverse force
capability to support all kinds of ΔV
manoeuvres, with in addition the required
main engine controllability
• A narrow FOV Navigation Camera
(NAVCAM) to navigate around Jupiter;
• Two Sun sensors to ensure a safe Sun
Acquisition. One of the Sun sensor is used
as an Attitude Anomaly Detector during
inner cruise phases when the spacecraft
Sun-pointed attitude is thermally critical.
44
Pointing requirements (1/3)
Co-alignment and absolute control error
The optical bench decouples the pointing

instruments and AOCS sensors from the rest of the
spacecraft and enables to meet with margin the
whole set of instrument co-alignment specifications
(0,5 mrad between MAJIS, JANUS, UVS et SWI) as
well as the absolute control error requirements
(stemming from 13 arcsec for MAJIS to 40 arcsec
for UVS).
Absolute Control Error
45
Pointing stability and micro-vibrations

Justification: Preventing reaction wheel off-loading
Achieving JANUS and MAJIS pointing stability operation during science observation phases around
requirements implies implementing dynamic Ganymede necessitates to use the reaction wheels over
isolators under the reaction wheels. their full rotation speed range because of the large
gravity gradient disturbing torque induced by the large
solar arrays.
Relative Pointing Error
46
Beyond the spacecraft specification met

with margins, achieving the instruments
Nadir pointing specifications has led Airbus
to implement a dedicated mode with
Navigation Cameras used in the on-board
AOCS loop
47
Magnetic cleanliness requirements
The magnetic environment

Discrimination of oceanic signals from icy moons, analysis of interactions
between magnetospheres of Jupiter and Ganymede, and, to a lesser extent,
the analyses of Europa and callisto magnetic signatures induced by the
Jovian magnetic field call for a spacecraft magnetic environment equivalent
of even cleaner than the environment required for the SWARM magnetic
mission so as to enable JMAG and RPWI to perform their measurements
 Disturbances on board JUICE with its reaction wheels, large solar arrays and pointing mechanisms (solar
arrays, medium gain antenna, SWI scanning systems) are larger than on SWARM on despite all
precautions measures that can be implemented (material, internal accommodation and lay out, shielding)
 The only way forward to meet the specification consists in moving sensitive sensors away from the
spacecraft body
 Magnetic cleanliness specifications have been challenged throughout the whole A/B1 Phase with the objective to limit
the magnetometer boom length around 6 m (sufficient to meet cleanliness properties for the DC component of the field
(2 nT) but not for the AC field components (10 pT, integrating all frequencies)
 Airbus has consequently proposed a 10.6 m boom, complemented with a magnetometer alignment calibration system
based on a reference magnetic signal generated by large aircoils (2 m diameter) whose oreintation is known in
spacecrfat axis (CASSINI, KAGUYA)
 The boom is also used to deploy the RWI antennas with a 10 m clearance with respect to the RIME antennas, as
expressed in RPWI EID-B
48
A 10,6 m boom for JMAG and RPWI
49
EMC requirements
Vaults and Harness are designed to ensure a maximum EMC External surfaces, including solar cells, are
tightness conductive to satisfy PEP and RPWI scientific
For RPWI, PEP, RIME and SWI requirements
50
Cleanliness requirements
Thruster configuration is optimised to minimise contamination

of the nadir hemisphere. Shielding plates are accommodated to
protect sensistive instrument units from the main engine
plumes
51
Robustness to radiations (1/2)
Accommodating the electronic equipment in the vaults allows to get the dose
level on parts below 50 krad at end of life (Ganymede circular orbit)
Rule of Thumb
o total dose of 2 Grad outside spacecraft, 1 Mrad inside the
vaults and 50 krad inside electronics of vaults
o External harness has to withstand typically 10 Mrad.
52
Robustness to radiations (2/2)
The vaults allow to limit the radiations dose on the parts.

A local shielding is implemented for the parts which do not sustain 50 krad AND
are located in the worst areas in the equipment.
53
Robustness to micrometeoroid
Specific shielding (e.g. Whipple
shield) is implemented when
analysis highlight significant risk
of collision with micrometeoroids.
This is accounted for in the
reliability assessemnt
54
Flight Hardware
55
Current status
56

3 ISAE-JUICE Jan 2020 3 Spacecraft Overview FF Iss1

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3 ISAE-JUICE Jan 2020 3 Spacecraft Overview FF Iss1

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‘ We make it flyby ’

JUICE spacecraft design

Spacecraft: Mission Operation

European Science Science Operation

MAG boom in three

VAULT PX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT MX

VAULT MX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT PX

HETK1 BAT5 SECTION A

VAULT PX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT MX

VAULT MX CENTRAL CYLINDER VAULT PX

3GMKAT MMHTK MAJISME

Although JUICE is unique by essence, the spacecraft design

 One of the very first activity in spacecraft conception is to draw

 Then a structural concept is issued

Phase B-CD proposal

Study phase SRR - 2014

Phase B-CD proposal Phase B-CD SRR Phase B-CD PDR

 2nd step: Defining a mechanical architecture

 3rd step: specifying mechanical environment for units

(First spacecraft global mode (rotation about Z)

The optical bench

In-situ sensors integrated

Accessibility granted for all

‘Optical’ instruments are integrated on

• Instruments survival heaters and thermistances

• The platform thermal control is based on well-

MIL-STD-1553 B data bus

 2nd step: selection of a power topology

• High-performance processing core

The EPS architecture is based on a regulated 28Vdc

 2nd step; Definition of communication scenarios

 3rd step: resources sizing (iterative)

 4th step: on board architecture definition:

Communication Subsystem comprises the

Margins for all the launch windows.

 2nd step: selection of propulsion system

 3rd step: Propulsion architecture definition

 4th step: Propulsion thermal control definition

• High accuracy and autonomous star

Co-alignment and absolute control error

The optical bench decouples the pointing

Pointing stability and micro-vibrations

Relative Pointing Error

Beyond the spacecraft specification met

The magnetic environment

Thruster configuration is optimised to minimise contamination

The vaults allow to limit the radiations dose on the parts.

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