Title : Smart irrigation and Agriculture Monitoring System

Background for getting the idea

Agriculture plays a major role in economics and survival of people. Developing countries such
as India regards agriculture as the backbone. It plays a vital role in the growth of the Nation's
economy. Despite the fact that the world is moving into new technology, agriculture must also
be allowed to drift away. One such innovation is the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of
Things (IoT) is defined as interconnecting different devices like sensors via the Internet. IOT
serves as a powerful, reliable and cost-effective technology to implement the idea of “Smart
Village” that aims to empowerment of villages with advance connectivity through web service.
The proposed systems help in increasing the agricultural production and reduce the time and
money of the farmer.

Concept and Objective of the project

The objective of this project is to implement the idea of "Smart Village" that aims in the
empowerment of villages by introducing an IoT based system for soil monitoring and
atmospheric monitoring to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and get the
information. Monitoring environmental factors is the major factor to improve the yield of the
efficient crops. The objective of this entire study is a complete review to design a complete
application that can help agriculture to start out a dependable quality product in market place.
The system is proposed to help the farmers to increase the agricultural production and thereby
boost the economy of the country.

The purpose of this project is to provide a system to farmer for monitoring soil and irrigation
system and data will be transmitted on server by using IOT methodology to reduce manual work.
This project will comprise the senor for soil testing as well as atmospheric parameter. Soil is
tested using various sensors such as pH sensor, NPK sensor, soil moisture sensor whereas the
atmospheric condition is sensed by temperature, and humidity sensor, air quality gas sensor and
air pressure sensor. This data is sent on a server from where agriculture scientist analyzes the
data. Based on these results and with the help of agriculture scientist, the farmer can cultivate the
appropriate crop as well as maintain the soil parameter for particular crop.

The results of the moisture, temperature and threshold level can be calculated through the
sensors used in the project. The need of water supply of the soil can be calculated and hence
appropriate irrigation is done through smart techniques.
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module-based automatic irrigation system and environment monitoring
systems are implemented in this project. A smart irrigation system is implemented using soil
moisture sensor which senses the moisture present in soil and actuates motor accordingly. For
healthy growth of plants, it needs fresh and clean air; hence, it is monitored by MQ135 sensor
called air quality sensor. The DHT22 sensor also known as temperature and humidity sensor is
used for low-cost and more efficient monitoring of temperature and humidity. Soil is tested
using various sensors such as pH sensor, NPK sensor, soil moisture sensor.

Motivation

Farming in India is done by using the mundane ways. A large portion of farming and
agriculture activities are based on predictions, which at times fails. India is an agrarian
country with around 70% of its people depending directly or indirectly upon agriculture.
Farmers have to bear huge losses and at times they did not pay their loan amount that
they have taken from the bank. So, our motivation is to reduce the situation that is
generated due to insufficient minerals in soil as well as uncertain rain or bad weather
conditions. We therefore, have come up with an idea with a system to monitor soil and
atmospheric parameters. This system is based on IOT technology.

Industry state of the art and needs

Industrialization of agriculture then was seen as a necessary measure to address massive global
hunger that has gripped the war-torn world. Over the years, the industrialization of agriculture
has been seen as the immediate remedy to address the growing global population, which is
expected to reach 9 billion by 2050. Industrialized agriculture is heavily dependent on the use of
machines and chemicals like pesticides, antibiotics, and others to maximize the yield per acre.
Over the decades, industrialized agriculture has proven successful in generating higher yields of
crops required to feed the growing population of the globe, however, it doesn’t come free of cost.
That’s because industrialized agriculture has been recognized as highly unsustainable and
dangerous to the environment, as opposed to traditional sustainable agriculture which is based on
the protection of the environment and more dependence on natural crop yield.

Uniqueness of the Project:

Our idea tries to digitize farming techniques in the new system. It aims at autonomous
monitoring of irrigation system in both large- and small-scale plantation estates with a view to
eradicating the manual system which involves personal liability concerns and the ignorance of
the field workers. Here we are providing the system to the farmers for monitoring soil and
atmospheric parameter after a specific time period. Even sometimes the experienced people
cannot assure how much fertilizers or water must be used for the maximum yield. Hence, our
system will monitor the temperature, humidity, moisture content of the soil and other physical
factors like presence of major pollutants in air like PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx. With the help of
this information, the rate of releasing water from pumps is decided and fed to a microcontroller
system which supervises and controls the whole irrigation system. This data is sent on a server
from where agriculture scientist analyses the data. This system is new because in this system
we monitor soil and atmospheric parameters both whereas the existing system monitors either
soil parameter or atmospheric parameter.

Potential Areas of application in industry/market

Smart irrigation systems use sensors for real-time or historical data to inform watering routines
and modify watering schedules to improve efficiency. The increased efforts of government and
market players to encourage the use of smart irrigation system. Increasing acceptance of
automated irrigation systems and equipment laced with mechanized component technology by
farmers is adding impetus to the market.

Key factor driving the market

Rising demand for crop production by utilizing limited water resources is driving the growth of
the market.

Literature Survey

IoT Based Farming with Live Monitoring of Temperature, Soil Moisture, Weather
Conditions through Image Processing Techniques [ISSN (ONLINE): 2455-1457]

In this Paper, Smart Farming Enabled: IoT Based Farming for Live Monitoring of Temperature,
Soil Moisture, climate status and motor status has been proposed using Raspberry Pi and
database technology. The sensors have high efficiency and accuracy in fetching the live data of
Humidity, temperature and soil moisture.

This paper presents, smart farming system which is capable to send and receive the data from the
sensors and also get the updated and precious data from the database. The role of image
monitoring systems to evaluate plant growth and plant disease were reviewed. Various image
analysis systems were used to assess the plant growth and health in literature with various
degrees of success. Some feature variables like size, shape and color were used to detect the
object in the plant image and to assess the growth and health by image processing. Image
processing methods will have an increasingly important role in growth and health of plants
assessment in the future. This system reduces the wastage of water and reduces the time
consuming.
Smart Agriculture Monitoring System Using IOT (IJARCCE Vol. 8, Issue 4, April 2019)

This paper describes automated irrigation system using IOT. Internet on things and cloud
computing collectively makes a system that control agriculture sector effectively. This system
will sense all the environmental parameters and send the data to the user via cloud. User will take
controlling action according to that this will be done by using actuator. This asset allows the
farmer to improve the cultivation in a way the plant need. It leads to higher crop yield, prolonged
production period, better quality and less use of protective chemicals.

IoT based Smart Soil Monitoring System for Agricultural Production(TIAR 2017)

The Embedded technology helps in obtaining nature of the soil by extracting the behavioural
content of the soil using different sensors. This system reduces the farmer difficulty in finding
the right crop for their field. It provides the suggestions for the farmer to cultivate suitable crop
for the land by analyzing the sensor values. The field manager optimize the sensors values using
defined threshold values. The crop images are also taken and monitored in order to protect crop
from insects, so the farmer can increase the yield and monitor the crop from anywhere at anytime
using the application. The proposed system helps in increasing the agricultural production and
reduces the time and money of the farmer.

IoT Based Farming Recommendation System Using Soil Nutrient and Environmental
Condition Detection(IJITEE)ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-11, September 2019

This paper exhibits how exorbitant laboratory soil test can be brought to reasonable and cost
effective soil test using the kit. Considering all possibilities of error occurrence the kit has been
built and the system has been coded and tested with great attention to detail. The proposed
system has taken the soil sample as the input and performed the chemical reactions using
reagents. The corresponding changes in the color of the sample have been sensed by the color
sensors and decoded by colorimetry technique. Soil moisture sensor and temperature sensor have
also been used to check the moisture level and temperature. A GPS has been used to get the
location of the field so that the weather forecast can be fetched from the nearest weather station.
Arduino Mega 2560 interfaced with Wi-Fi microchip ESP8266 has been used to get the data
from the sensors and to send those data to cloud. An android application has been built to show
the test report and ecommendations. The study has suggested that rather than relying on time
consuming laboratory soil reports, the user can have alternative means of checking the soil
reports using portable IoT - cloud based soil kit. Furthermore, chemicals and sensors have been
used in the system instead of electrochemical sensors to make it affordable for the end users.
Also the special designing of the proposed kit has increased the sustainability of the system.

Plenty of research work has been done to improve the performance of agriculture field. In [1] the
system uses arduino technology to control watering and roofing of the green house. It uses
statistical data acquired from sensors (like temperature, humidity, moisture and light intensity
sensors) compared with the weather forecast for decision making. Kalman filter is used to
 eliminate noise from the sensors. Agriculture System (AgriSys) [2] uses temperature, pH,
humidity sensors and the fuzzy inference to input the data from sensors. The system monitors the
sensors information on LCD and PC. In [3] Wireless sensing Network with ZigBee technology
helps to control air humidity, soil moisture and temperature. System is implemented with
components as soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, ZigBee, 18F458 PIC
Microcontroller, water pump, fan, relay and buzzer. In paper [4], wireless sensor network is
integrated with ZigBee to transmit soil moisture level and temperature values. The data is
transmitted to a web server using GPRS through cellular network. The data monitoring can be
achieved via internet using graphical application. In [5] the paper explains wireless sensor
network for sensing soil moisture level, temperature and relative humidity values. Network
lifetime of the node is increased by using sleep - wake up plan. The paper [6] defines automation
for remote agriculture having sensors and actuators connected to IoT gateway running OPC UA
server. Cloud services (installing or configuring process controller) are used to change the
control rules without updating firmware of remote sensors/actuators.

All the systems described above are similar in the context of wireless sensor node. The
difference lies regarding the communication technologies and the storage of data collected from
the nodes. Generally systems use one or more servers to store the collected data. When the
quantity of nodes is increased, servers will need more space for storage, resulting in increased
cost. This paper proposes irrigation system which describes the combination of the wireless
sensor network, IoT communication technology and cloud server to accomplish performance of
system and data storage. The proposed system provides remote monitoring and controlling of
irrigation with real time sensing of atmospheric and soil conditions like air temperature, humidity
and soil moisture. IoT based irrigation improves farm production without any human
interference.

Components Required

i) Arduino Uno (Microcontroller ATmega328T)

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on

the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. It is similar to the Arduino Nano and
Leonardo. It is the most popular board in the Arduino board family. Also, it is the best board to
get started with electronics and coding.
 Fig. 1 Pin Diagram of Arduino Uno
Technical Specifications
Table 1 Technical Specifications of Arduino

Power USB
Arduino board can be powered by using the USB cable from your computer. All you
need to do is connect the USB cable to the USB connection (1).

Power (Barrel Jack)

Arduino boards can be powered directly from the AC mains power supply by
connecting it to the Barrel Jack (2).

Voltage Regulator
The function of the voltage regulator is to control the voltage given to the Arduino
board and stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.

Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator helps Arduino in dealing with time issues. How does Arduino
calculate time? The answer is, by using the crystal oscillator. The number printed on
top of the Arduino crystal is 16.000H9H. It tells us that the frequency is 16,000,000
Hertz or 16 MHz.

Arduino Reset
You can reset your Arduino board, i.e., start your program from the beginning. You
can reset the UNO board in two ways. First, by using the reset button (17) on the
board. Second, you can connect an external reset button to the Arduino pin labeled
RESET (5).

Pins (3.3, 5, GND, Vin)

 3.3V (6) − Supply 3.3 output volt
 5V (7) − Supply 5 output volt
 Most of the components used with the Arduino board works fine with 3.3 volts and 5
volts.
 GND (8)(Ground) − There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be
used to ground your circuit.
 Vin (9) − This pin also can be used to power the Arduino board from an external
power source, like an AC mains power supply.

Analog pins
The Arduino UNO board has six analog input pins A0 through A5. These pins can
read the signal from an analog sensor like the humidity sensor or temperature sensor
and convert it into a digital value that can be read by the microprocessor.
Main microcontroller
Each Arduino board has its microcontroller (11). You can assume it as the brain of
your board. The main IC (integrated circuit) on the Arduino is slightly different from
board to board. The microcontrollers are usually of the ATMEL Company. You must
know what IC your board has before loading up a new program from the Arduino
IDE. This information is available on the top of the IC. For more details about the IC
construction and functions, you can refer to the datasheet.

ICSP pin
Mostly, ICSP (12) is an AVR, a tiny programming header for the Arduino consisting
of MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. It is often referred to as an SPI
(Serial Peripheral Interface), which could be considered as an "expansion" of the
output. You are slaving the output device to the master of the SPI bus.

Power LED indicator

This LED should light up when you plug your Arduino into a power source to
indicate that your board is powered up correctly. If this light does not turn on, then
there is something wrong with the connection.

TX and RX LEDs
On your board, you will find two labels: TX (transmit) and RX (receive). They appear
in two places on the Arduino UNO board. First, at the digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate
the pins responsible for serial communication. Second, the TX and RX led (13). The
TX led flashes with different speeds while sending the serial data. The speed of
flashing depends on the baud rate used by the board. RX flashes during the receiving
process.

Digital I/O
The Arduino UNO board has 14 digital I/O pins (15) (of which 6 provide PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) output. These pins can be configured to work as input
digital pins to read logic values (0 or 1) or as digital output pins to drive different
modules like LEDs, relays, etc. The pins labeled “~” can be used to generate PWM.
AREF
AREF stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes, used to set an external reference
voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.
ii) ESP8266 WIFI Module

ESP8266 is Wi-Fi enabled system on chip (SoC) module developed by Espress if system. It is
mostly used for development of IoT (Internet of Things) embedded applications.

Fig 2 ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi Module

ESP8266 comes with capabilities of:-

 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n, supporting WPA/WPA2),

 general-purpose input/output (16 GPIO),
 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) serial communication protocol,
 analog-to-digital conversion (10-bit ADC)
 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) serial communication protocol,
 I²S (Inter-IC Sound) interfaces with DMA(Direct Memory Access) (sharing pins with GPIO),
 UART (on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2), and
 pulse-width modulation (PWM).

ESP8266 module is low cost standalone wireless transceiver that can be used for end-point IoT
developments. To communicate with the ESP8266 module, microcontroller needs to use set of
AT commands. Microcontroller communicates with ESP8266-01 module using UART having
specified Baud rate.
 ESP8266-01 Module Pin Description

Fig 3 ESP8266-01 Module Pins

3V3: - 3.3 V Power Pin.
GND: - Ground Pin.
RST: - Active Low Reset Pin.
EN: - Active High Enable Pin.
 TX: - Serial Transmit Pin of UART.
RX: - Serial Receive Pin of UART.
GPIO0 & GPIO2: - General Purpose I/O Pins. These pins decide what mode (boot or normal)
the module starts up in. It also decides whether the TX/RX pins are used for Programming the
module or for serial I/O purpose. To program the module using UART, Connect GPIO0 to
ground and GPIO2 to VCC or leave it open. To use UART for normal Serial I/O leave both the
pins open (neither VCC nor Ground).

iii) Sensors

a) DHT-22 (Temperature and Humidity Module)

A. Description

The DHT-22 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. They consist of a
humidity sensing component, an NTC temperature sensor (or thermistor) and an IC on the back
side of the sensor. Thermistor to measure temperature. Thermistors are made so that the
resistance changes drastically with temperature so that it can be 100 ohms or more of change per
degree! The term “NTC” means “Negative Temperature Coefficient”, which means that the
resistance decreases with increase of the temperature.

Humidity sensing component is used, of course to measure humidity, which has two electrodes
with moisture holding substrate (usually a salt or conductive plastic polymer) sandwiched
between them. The ions are released by the substrate as water vapor is absorbed by it, which in
turn increases the conductivity between the electrodes. The change in resistance between the two
electrodes is proportional to the relative humidity. Higher relative humidity decreases the
resistance between the electrodes, while lower relative humidity increases the resistance between
the electrodes.

B. Specifications
 Power supply: 3.3V – 6V DC
 Temperature range: -40°C to 125°C resolution. 1-degree Celsius error < ± 0.2°C.
 Humidity range: 0-100% Relative Humidity (RH) resolution 0.1% Relative Humidity (RH)
error.
 Output signal: single-bus
 Sensing period: ~2s.
C. Pin Description
 Pin 1: Power positive (5V max. wrt. GND).
 Pin 2: Digital I/O interface connected to microcontroller.
 Pin 3: Analog I/O interface connected to microcontroller.
 Pin 4: Power ground or Power negative.
 Fig 4 DHT 22 Sensor with bus

b) BMP 180 (Barometric Pressure Sensor)

A. Description
BMP180 is a high precision sensor designed for consumer applications. Barometric Pressure is
nothing but weight of air applied on everything. BMP180 sensor senses that pressure and
provides that information in digital output. Also, the temperature affects the pressure and so we
need temperature compensated pressure reading. To compensate, the BM180 also has good
temperature sensor.

The BMP180 consists of a piezo-resistive sensor, an analog to digital converter and a control unit
with E2PROM and a serial I2C interface. The BMP180 delivers the uncompensated value of
pressure and temperature. The microcontroller sends a start sequence to start a pressure or
temperature measurement.
B. Specifications
 Pressure range: 300 to 1100hPa with High relative accuracy of ±0.12hPa.
 Supply voltage of BMP180: 1.3V – 3.6V.
 3.4 Mhz I2C interface.
 Pressure conversion time: 5 msec.
 Operating temperature: -40ºC to +80ºC.
 Low power consumption 5µA at 1 sample / sec. in standard mode.
C. Pin Description
 Pin 1: VCC Connected to +5V
 Pin 2: GND Connected to ground.
 Pin 3: SDA Serial Data pin (I2C interface).
 Pin 4: SCL Serial Clock pin (I2C interface).
 Pin 5: 3.3V If +5V is not present. Can power module by connecting +3.3V to this pin.
 Fig 5 BMP 180 Sensor Module

c) MQ 135 (Air Quality Measuring Sensor)

A. Description
Air quality sensor for detecting a wide range of gases, including NH 3, NOx, alcohol, benzene,
smoke and CO2. Ideal for use in office or factory. MQ135 gas sensor has high sensitivity to
Ammonia, Sulfide and Benze steam, also sensitive to smoke and other harmful gases.

The MQ-135 alcohol sensor consists of a tin dioxide (SnO2), a perspective layer inside aluminum
oxide microtubes (measuring electrodes), and a heating element inside a tubular casing. The end
face of the sensor is enclosed by a stainless-steel net and the backside holds the
connection terminals. Ethyl alcohol present in the breath is oxidized into acetic acid passing
through the heating element. With the ethyl alcohol cascade on the tin dioxide sensing layer, the
resistance decreases. By using the external load resistance, the resistance variation is converted
into a suitable voltage variation.

B. Specifications
 Using Temperature: -10°C to 50°C.
 Oxygen concentration: 21% (standard condition) Oxygen concentration can affect sensitivity.
 Wide Detecting scope.
 Fast response and high sensitivity.
 Stable and long life.
 Circuit voltage: 5V±0.1.

C. Pin Description
 Pin 1: VCC used to provide power, generally the operating voltage is +5V.
 Pin 2: GND Used to connect the module to system ground.
 Pin 3: Digital Output.
 Pin 4: Analog Output.

H-pins: Out of the two H pins, one pin is connected to supply and the other to ground.
 A-pins:The A pins and B pins are interchangeable. These pins will be tied to the Supply voltage.

B-pins:A pins and B pins are interchangeable. One pin will act as output while the other will be
pulled to ground.

Fig 6. MQ 135 Gas sensor module Fig 7. Pin locations shown for MQ 135

d) FC28 Soil Moisture Sensor

A. Description
The FC28 Soil Moisture Sensor is a simple breakout for measuring the moisture in soil and
similar materials. This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge the water content of the soil
(dielectric permittivity). The Module also contains a potentiometer which will set the threshold
value and then this threshold value will be compared by the LM393 comparator. The working of
this sensor can be done by inserting this sensor into the earth and the status of the water content
in the soil can be reported in the form of a percent. This sensor makes it perfect to execute
experiments within science courses like environmental science, agricultural science, biology, soil
science, botany, and horticulture.

B. Specifications
 Operating voltage: 3.3V~5V.
 Output Voltage: 0-4.2V.
 Input Current: 35mA.
 Output signal: Both analog and digital.
 Cable Length: Approx.21cm.
 The moisture is measured at every six inches to 48 inches depth or sometimes just at 12, 24, and
36 inches.

C. Pin Description
 Pin 1: VCC for power
 Pin 2: Analog Output
 Pin 3: Digital Output
 Pin 4: Ground
 Fig 8. Pin-out diagram for FC28 Soil Moisture Sensor

e) Liquid PHO-14 Value Sensor

A. Description
It has an LED which works as the Power Indicator, a BNC connector and PH2.0 sensor interface.
To use it, just connect the pH sensor with BNC connector, and plug the PH2.0 interface into the
analog input port of any Arduino controller. PH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution;
the pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. The pH indicates the concentration of hydrogen [H]+ ions
present in certain solutions. It can accurately be quantified by a sensor that measures the
potential difference between two electrodes: a reference electrode (silver / Silver Chloride) a
glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ion. This is what form the probe.

B. Specification
 Supply voltage: 5V.
 Current: 5-10mA.
 Consumption: less than 0.5W.
 Working temperature: 10-50°C.

C. Pin Description
 To: Temperature
 Do: Limit pH signal.
 Po: Analog pH values.
 G: Analog ground.
 G: Supply ground.
 V+: Supply 5V.

Fig 9. pH sensor module with BNC cable attached electrode

f) Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium transmitter

The soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor is suitable for the detection of the content of
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the fertility of the soil is judged by the
detection of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, thus facilitating the
evaluation of the soil situation by the customer system. Sensors are suitable for all kinds of soil,
can be long-term embedded in the soil, long-term resistance to electrolysis, corrosion resistance,
vacuum irrigation, completely waterproof
Market survey of existing projects/solutions in the market

Table 2: Market Survey

Existing product Technology Used Major How your

Component/ proposed project
Sensors Used is different from
Existing product

Real-time & low Send data from soil-moisture We use Co2 gas
cost IOT based sensor to Raspberry- sensor ,water level sensor, ph sensor,
farming using Pi and then use sensor, humidity & pressure sensor
Raspberry-Pi MQTT protocol temperature sensor and NODE MCU
(server)and then instead of
converted into Raspberry-Pi
respective
dashboard

Smart farm Raspberry-Pi can fire sensor, We use Co2 gas

management using establish a wi-fi humidity & sensor, ph sensor,
Raspberry-Pi network & collect temperature sensor, pressure sensor and
data framework to moisture sensor NODE MCU
Raspberry-Pi and to instead of
the server Raspberry-Pi

IOT based NODE MCU which temperature & We use Co2 gas
agriculture system includes firmware humidity sensor, sensor, ph sensor,
using NODE MCU which runs on the moisture sensor pressure sensor
ESP8266

IOT based smart Arduino controller temperature sensor We use Co2 gas
monitoring system communicate with water level sensor , sensor, ph sensor,
project using the GSM modem soil moisture sensor pressure sensor
arduino and wi-
fimodule,gathers
data from the
sensors and activate
the output device
Methodology (Project Implementation Details)
Block Diagram with explanation

Gas Sensor
(MQ 135)

Soil Moisture
Sensor (FC28)
Node MCU
Digital Temperature
& Humidity sensor
Pressure Sensor (BMP PH Sensor
(DHT (PHO-14)
22)
180)

Ethernet

Web Application on
Computer

This project will comprise of sensors uses for soil testing as well as atmospheric parameters. Soil
is tested using various sensors such as PH sensor, and water level sensor (for measurement of
soil moisture) whereas atmospheric condition is sensed by temperature, and humidity sensor, air
quality gas sensor and air pressure sensor. Based on these results the farmer can cultivate the
appropriate crop as well as maintain soil parameter for particular crop. In this project, IOT serves
as a powerful, reliable and cost-effective technology to implement idea of “Smart Village” that
aims to empowerment of village with advance connectivity through web services.

Circuit Diagram

Circuit Diagram of Project

Project Cost:

S.No. Component Total Cost (Rs.)

1 ESP8266 1000
2 DHT 22 sensor 3200
3 NPK Sensor 60000
4 BMP 180 sensor 2100
5 MQ 135 sensor 2100
6 FC 28 sensor 5000
7 Pipes 40000

8 Webpage Desigining 50000

9 Solar Panel 150,000
10 Webpage Purchase 1000000
11 PH0-14 sensor 18600
12 Step Down Transformer 4500
13 Solid State Relays 25000
14 Batteries 40000
15 PCB Board 2000
16 Switches 12000
17 Connecting Wires 1000
18 Packing 40000
19 Report Writing 10000
20 Contingencies 50000
Total 1516500

Total approximation investment needed is approximate Rs 15,16,500/-

 Time Frame

A:Activity Bar Chart

Date of starting: (a) Scheduled: (b) Actual:

Date of completion: (a) Scheduled: (b) Actual:

Time in weeks
S.
Stage – I (VII Sem)
No Activity
. 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13
2 4
Identify the Real
1 life Problem and ∆
Need of Industry

Preparation of
2
Logbook ∆

Market survey of
3 existing solution ∆
and Gap

Problem
4 Identification of ∆
existing solution

Market Survey for

5 availability of ∆
component

End Product
6 Specification ∆
(Team Work)

Literature Survey of
7 PH Sensor ∆

Literature Survey of
8 Temperature and ∆
Humidity Sensor

Literature Survey of
8 pressure Sensor ∆

Literature Survey of
9 Soil Moisture ∆
Sensor
 Literature Survey of
.10 Atmospheric gas ∆
Sensor

Literature Survey of
11 ESP8266 WiFi ∆
module

Literature Survey
12 and Selection of ∆
Microcontroller

Microcontroller
coding for
13 interfacing with ∆
Temperature and
Humidity Sensor

Microcontroller
coding for
14 interfacing with
∆
pressure Sensor

Microcontroller
coding for
15 interfacing with PH
∆
Sensor
Microcontroller
coding for
16 interfacing with Soil ∆
Moisture Sensor
Microcontroller
coding for
17 interfacing with ∆
Atmospheric gas
Sensor
Microcontroller
coding for
18 interfacing with ∆
ESP8266 WiFi
module
Review of
19 Complete Circuit ∆
Diagram

Circuit designing
20 on Proteus ∆
Software

21 Troubleshooting of ∆
 circuit on software
(if Required)

Understanding of
IoT platform and
22 transmission the ∆
sensor data on
webpage

Understanding of
Layout design Rule
and PCB Layout
23 Design for ∆
transmitting
Section

Understanding of
Layout design Rule
24 and PCB Layout ∆
Design for
Receiving Section

25
Purchasing of ∆
Component

Testing of
26 component of ∆
Breadboard

27
PCB Fabrication ∆

PCB Track Testing

28 for open and short ∆
connection

Drilling of PCB,
Component
29 Mounting and
∆
Soldering

Desinging of
30 Package
∆

Review project
31 work ∆

Mounting all sensor 

32 as a end product ∆

33 Interface end 
 product with ∆
webpage

Integration of all

34 the system and
Testing ∆

Troubleshooting of
35 the end product ∆

Packaging and
36 Validation of end ∆
product

Final Testing of
37
end Product
∆

User Manual for


38 testing and
troubleshooting ∆

Review of the end 

39 Product ∆
User Manual for

40 specification and
Manufacturability ∆

Report Writing and 

41 Oral Presentation ∆

Symbols to be used for marking beginning and completion of activities

 Scheduled beginning of the activity ∆ Scheduled completion of the activity

 Re-scheduled beginning of the activity □ Re-scheduled completion of the activity
▼or ■ Actual beginning of the activity ▲or ■ Actual completion of the activity
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