A LOW POWER IOT NETWORK FOR SMART

AGRICULTURE

ABSTRACT:
An agricultural environment monitoring system provides monitoring services and facility
controlling services. This system maintains the crop growth rate in an optimal status. This system
also reduces the manpower, time consumption and improves the convenience. The existing
monitoring systems are used in an indoor only which is not used in outdoor environment because
lagging of IT technology. In addition, when users want to check the monitored information in
existing monitoring systems, the user must manually check the status through installed sensors or
other terminals. In order to solve these issues, the agricultural monitoring system must be
designed such a way that can monitor environmental information and soil information closely
and reports the status to remote location. The proposed system monitors the environmental status
and the status is sent to agricultural monitoring server then the server sends the data to user. The
user analyse the data and if the received data is below the specified value then necessary action
will be taken. The whole environment is implemented using IoT.

EXISTING SYSTEM:
Agricultural Technology is a specialized area or ground for the growth and farming of
plants and vegetables with mechanized and smart equipment. The purpose is to provide suitable
conditions and maintain desired parameter values according to the flora requirement. In the
present nurseries, numerous parameter estimations are required to screen and control for the
great quality and profitability of plants. In any case, to get the coveted outcomes there are some
imperative variables which become an integral factor like Temperature, Humidity, Light and
Water, which are vital for a superior plant development. Remembering these parameters this
mechanism is manufactured which is called Automated Agricultural Monitoring & Controlling
System using HC-05 Bluetooth Module utilizing Arduino Uno with Atmega 328P
microcontroller. This framework is extremely effective for developing great quality plants. It
helps the user in getting the real time values of the parameters (Soil moisture and Temperature)
and also helps in controlling fans and water pump with just a click on an Android app called
“Bluetooth Terminal”. The other most important key feature of this working mechanism is that it
can work without the requirement of any internet facility which is not the case with other
automated systems.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
As new technologies have been introduced and utilized in modern world, there is a need
to bring advancement in the field of agriculture also. In order to improve the crop productivity
efficiently, it is necessary to monitor the environmental conditions in and around the field. The
parameters that has to be properly monitored to enhance the yield are soil characteristics,
weather conditions, moisture, temperature, etc., Internet of Things (IoT) is being used in several
real time applications. The introduction of IoT along with the sensor network in agriculture
refurbish the traditional way of farming. Online crop monitoring using IoT helps the farmers to
stay connected to his field from anywhere and anytime. Various sensors are used to monitor and
collect information about the field conditions. Collectively the about the farm condition is sent to
the farmer through IOT technology. System effectively, sensor is deployed in the field which
senses the water requirement of the soil and provides irrigation automatically. The farmer will be
able to view the information of his field through IOT technology. The development of
Intelligent Smart Farming IoT based devices is day by day turning the face of agriculture
production by not only enhancing it but also making it cost effective and reducing wastage.
The aim / objective of this project is to assisting farmers in getting Live Data
(Temperature, Soil Moisture, pH and etc..,) for efficient environment monitoring which will
enable them to do smart farming and increase their overall yield and quality of products. The
product being proposed is tested on Live Agriculture Fields giving accuracy in data feeds.

LITERATURE SURVEY:
Experts have analysed collected data for finding correlation between environment work
and yield for standard work. They are concentrated on crop monitoring, information of
temperature and rainfall is collected as initial spatial data and analysed to reduce the crop losses
and to improve the crop production. An IOT Based Crop-field monitoring an irrigation
automation system explains to monitor a crop field. A system is developed by using sensors and
according to the decision from a server based on sensed data, the irrigation system automated.
By using wireless transmission the sensed data forwarded towards to web server database. If the
irrigation is automated then that means if the moisture and temperature fields fall below the
potential range. The user can monitor and control the system remotely with the help of
application which provides a web interface to user. [1] Prof. K.A.Patil and Prof. N.R.Kale
propose a wise agricultural model in irrigation with ICT (Information Communication
Technology).The complete real-time and historical environment is expected to help to achieve
efficient management and utilization of resources. [2] IOT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring
System develops various features like GPS based remote controlled monitoring, moisture and
temperature sensing, intruders scaring, security, leaf wetness and proper irrigation facilities.[3]
Mahammad shareef Mekala, Dr.P.Viswanathan demonstrated some typical application of
Agriculture IOT Sensor Monitoring Network Technologies using Cloud computing as the
backbone. [4] Prathibha S.R., Anupama Hongal Jyothi M.P. Created monitoring temperature and
Humidity in agriculture field through sensor using CC3200 Single chip. Camera is interfaced
with CC3200 to capture images and send that pictures through MMS to farmers mobile using
Wi-Fi [5].
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

LCD

TEMPERATURE RELAY PUMP

SENSOR

RELAY LAMP
MOISTURE
SENSOR

MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY FAN
LDR SENSOR

CO2 SENSOR

IOT

pH SENSOR

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
 LCD
 ESP8266 WIFI MODULE
 TEMPERTURE SENSOR
 MOISTURE SENSOR
 LDR SENSOR
  CO2 SENSOR
 RELAY
 PUMP
 LAMP
 DC FAN

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 EMBEDDED C
 ARDUINO SOFTWARE

ADVANTAGES:
 It allows farmers to maximize yields using minimum resources such as water, fertilizers,
seeds etc.
 Solar powered and mobile operated pumps save cost of electricity. Smart agriculture use
drones and robots which helps in many ways. These improves data collection process and
helps in wireless monitoring and control.
 It is cost effective method.
 It delivers high quality crop production.

DISADVANTAGES:
 The smart agriculture needs availability of internet continuously. Rural part of most of
the developing countries do not fulfil this requirement. Moreover internet connection is
slower.
 The smart farming based equipments require farmers to understand and learn the use of
technology. This is major challange in adopting smart agriculture farming at large scale
across the countries.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE:

CONCLUSION:

The proposed model explores the use of IoT (Internet of things) in the agriculture sector.
This model aims at increasing the crop yield by helping in predicting better crop sequence for a
particular soil. Thingspeak helps in real time sampling of the soil and hence the data acquired
can be further used for analysing the crop. We have also taken many readings of the soil
moisture, temperature and humidity of the environment for various days at different times of the
day. Data on the cloud also helps the agriculturists in improving the yield, evaluating the
manures, illness in the fields. This system is cost effective and feasible. It also focuses on
optimizing the use of water resources which combats issues like water scarcity and ensures
sustainability. This model focuses on the utilization of IoT in agriculture and the solutions
proposed in this paper will improve farming methods, increase productivity and lead to effective
use of limited resources.

REFERENCES:

[1] A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari and M. Ayyash, “Internet of

Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications," in IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2347-2376, Fourthquarter 2015.
[2] D. Pimentel, B. Berger, D. Filiberto, M. Newton, B. Wolfe, E. Karabinakis, S. Clark, E.
Poon, E. Abbett, and S. Nandagopal, “Water resources: agricultural and environmental issues,"
BioScience, 54.10, 909-918, 2004.
[3] Kim, Yunseop, Robert G. Evans, and William M. Iversen, “Remote sensing and control of an
irrigation system using a distributed wireless sensor network," IEEE transactions on
instrumentation and measurement, 57.7 (2008): 1379-1387.
[4] J. Gutiérrez, J. F. Villa-Medina, A. Nieto-Garibay and M. Á. Porta- Gándara, “Automated
Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module," in IEEE Transactions
on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 166-176, Jan. 2014.
[5] Ji-chun Zhao, Jun-feng Zhang, Yu Feng and Jian-xin Guo, “The study and application of the
IOT technology in agriculture," 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and
Information Technology, Chengdu,pp. 462-465, 2010.
[6] Y. Liu, C. Zhang and P. Zhu, “The temperature humidity monitoring system of soil based on
wireless sensor networks," 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control
Engineering, Wuhan, pp. 1850-1853, 2011.
[7] S. Ivanov, K. Bhargava and W. Donnelly, “Precision Farming: Sensor Analytics," in IEEE
Intelligent Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 76-80, July- Aug. 2015.
[8] M. Ammad-udin, A. Mansour, D. Le Jeune, E. H. M. Aggoune and M. Ayaz, “UAV routing
protocol for crop health management," 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference
(EUSIPCO), Budapest, pp. 1818-1822, 2016.
[9] P. Lottes, R. Khanna, J. Pfeifer, R. Siegwart and C. Stachniss, “UAVbased crop and weed
classification for smart farming," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and
Automation (ICRA), pp. 3024- 3031, 2017.
[10] I. F. Akyildiz, T. Melodia and K. R. Chowdury, “Wireless multimedia
sensor networks: A survey," in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 14,
no. 6, pp. 32-39, December 2007.

LITERATURE SURVEY:
An automated irrigation sensor uses a Smartphone to capture and process digital images of the
soil nearby the root zone of the crop and estimates the water content. An android app was
developed in the Smartphone to operate the direct computing and connectivity components such
as digital camera and WIFI network. This device characters include high performance at low
power consumption, has vast memory, running frequencies of over 1GHZ and contains high
resolution touch screen with graphics capability. Irrigation sensor is a low power consumption
standalone device. This method is used to reduce waste of water and maximize the crop yield. To
acquire heterogeneous environment and control the function of irrigation system, WSAN
technology is used. Satellite observations are used to estimate surface parameters for irrigated
agricultural system and evaluate land surface attributes. It is conclude Urbanization increases
land surface temperature but irrigation decreases land surface temperatures. The temperature
coefficients of both saline solution and sensor circuit are picked up to produce accurate
temperature. An irrigation machine was converted to be electronically controlled by a
programmed logic controller that updates the location of sprinklers. Communication signals from
sensor and irrigation controller were interfaced using low cost a Bluetooth wireless radio
communication. The two most important input parameters for agriculture are water and
electricity. Agriculture is very water and electricity intensive. CoT based automated irrigation
system provides more effective energy uses for pumps, lighting, boosters, remotely control the
status ,working conditions and performance of equipments. Cot provides number of advantages.
Also it generates performance reports and statistics to provide the farmer with real-time
information on the activity and to enable the farmer to make well informed and timely decisions.
DISADVANTAGES:
 It can lose connection in certain conditions.
 It has low bandwidth as compared to Wi-Fi.
 It allows only short range communication between devices.

LITERATURE SURVEY:

Experimental Investigation of Remote Control via Android smart phone of Arduino-Based

Automated Irrigation System using Moisture Sensor. Author: A.N. Aravindan, Keerthika.D Year
of Publish: 2016 Conference: IEEE [1] In this paper, the Android smart phone used as a remote
control to make Arduino-based automated irrigation system easy-to-use and an economical. The
system design includes a soil moisture sensor that provides a voltage signal proportional to the
moisture content in the soil which is compared with a predefined threshold value. On basis of
this comparison result the appropriate data are fed to the Arduino Uno processor, which is linked
by HC-05 module to an Android phone. Android smart phone allows the user easy remote
control for irrigationsystem to switched on, o the drive motor. System has a potential to be used
in the real time precision agriculture
application. A Low Cost Smart Irrigation Control System. Author: Chandan Kumar Sahu,
Pramitee Behra Year of Publish: 20115 Conference: IEEE [2] In this paper author present a
prototype for fully automation accessing of irrigation motor where Prototype includes number of
sensor node placed in different directions of farm yield. Each Sensors are integrated with a
wireless networking de-vice and the data received by the \ATMEGA-328" microcontroller which
is on a \ARDUINO-UNO" development board. The RASPBERRY-Pi is use for send messages
through internet correspondence to the microcontroller process. The objectives of this paper were
to control the water motor automatically and select the direction of the ow of water in pipe with
the help of soil moisture sensor. Finally send the information (operation of the motor and
direction of water) of the farm yield to the mobile message and g-mail account of the user.
WSN based Temperature Monitoring for High Performance Computing Cluster. Author: D.
Baghyalakshmi, Jenimah Ebenezer, S.A.V. Satyamurty Year of Publish: 2011 Conference: IEEE
[3] In this paper an author has presented the implementation details of WSN based temperature
monitoring application. The main feature of authors proposed network is to continuously monitor
the temperature in the 128 node High Performance Computing Cluster for its smooth
functioning. The wireless sensor node senses and transmits the current value of temperature to
the base station. This paper explains about the various steps involved in the experimental
implementation and maintenance of the temperature monitoring network for High Performance
Computing cluster at Computer centre, IGCAR. The performance analysis of the network is also
discussed. Open source hardware based Automated gardening system Using Low-cost Soil
Moisture sensor. Author: A.K. Tripathy, A. Vichare, R.R. Pereira, V.D. Pereira, J.A. Rodrigues
Year of Publish: 2015 Conference: IEEE [4] In this paper authors proposed systems main aim is
to implement a cost effective automated gardening system. This system helps in solving the
above problem by being efficient and using fewer resources. The system uses low cost-efficient
soil moisture, light and temperature sensors to decide when and how much water will be
provided to the potted plants. Programming languages like embedded C and python is used to
conjure the microcontroller. The data would be displayed through a GUI created using
processing. The user will also be able to control the entire system remotely as well as monitor the
sensor readings. Mobile Application for Tracking Data from Humidity and Temperature
Wearable Sensors. Author: Aileni Raluca Maria Year of Publish: 2015[5] This paper presents a
mobile application for healthcare which process data from humidity and temperature sensors.
The mobile app is based on cloud computing -SaaS (software as a service) cloud computing
model. The cloud computing infrastructure based on sensors is used in this paper for deploying
application which provides patients monitoring (moisture, temperature or blood pressure). The
data is sent and stored in dedicated server for being analysed later by doctors or caregivers. The
advantages of sensorcloud come also from using of PaaS (platform as a service) and IaaS
(infrastructure as a service) models.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. The solar energy is available only in the morning so, the kit must also have an alternative
battery for operation.
2. The farmer must have a phone.
3. The software code is programmed; hence it must be changed for every crop with requirement.
4. This system mostly applicable for only large size farms.