Sankalp Hackathon 2019-20

Team name
Team Members: Kundan Singh
Vaswati Kundu
Rouble Goswami
Archisha Roy
Guide : Prof. Amartya Mukherjee
(College, Place) : Institute of Engineering & Management, Saltlake

IoT Based Solutions for Indian Eco-System for Energy/Resource Conservation | Pollution Control | Agriculture
Guidelines
● This template should be used for abstract submission
● This has all the basic slides required to evaluate your idea/proposal.
● Any extra information (like simulation results, survey database etc.) can be
added as appropriate.
● Do not remove any slides from template but you can add multiple slides.
● Teams submitting their ideas in the given template only will be considered for
evaluation.
 Project Title

SMART FARM : IOT Based Solutions for

Agriculture
 Problem Statements
In today's world population is increasing and it is supposed to be around 9.5 billion by the year 2050 and to fade those
billion of peoples we need to improve the productivity of the crops. on one hand the population is increasing and on the
other hand the agricultural land is decreasing due to various reasons like residential buildings are being made on those
agricultural lands, industrialisation, commercial markets.Ultimately to feed billion peoples we need to increase out
production and this can only be done by implementing IOT in the the field of farming.In the present scenario the farming is
not enjoyed by the farmers due to various reasons like insect attacks plant disease not having proper knowledge of
essential supplements for the crops and there are also other videos of cycles in order to get rid of this obstacles and make
forming more profitable iot is implemented in the field of farming so that it becomes smart and friendly for the farmers. Smart
farming is also known as precision farming. Traditional farming and precision forming are very different from each other
traditional farming uses the old and traditional methods of agriculture using those old devices for what and growing seasonal
crops without any pre assessment of demand in market rates and weather reports of the weather department excetra where
as smart forming uses new technology like smart connected device iot sensors internet former chatting community time-to-
time assessment how much nutrients needed to the soil soil quality water quantity.Our proposed project will going to be the
solution to all the above mentioned problem.
 Existing Solutions
● 1: USING GSM MODULE AND CLOUD COMPUTING
● Various sensors are deployed in the field like temperature sensor, moisture sensor and PIR sensor. The data collected from
these sensors are connected to the microcontroller through RS232. In control section, the received data is verified with the
threshold values.
● If the data exceeds the threshold value the buzzer is switched ON and the LED starts to blink A message to the farmer and
automatically the power is switched OFF after sensing. The values are generated in the web page and the farmer gets the
detailed description of the values. In manual mode, the user has to switch ON and OFF the microcontroller by pressing the
button in the Android Application developed. This is done with the help of GSM Module.
● HARDWARE USED : PIC microcontroller 16F877A ; EEPROM
● LINK USED : : https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/278f/384d0db82009073cde01d3588ac77e45986a.pdf
●
● 2:
● A remote sensing and control irrigation system using distributed wireless sensor network aiming for variable rate irrigation, real
time in field sensing, controlling of a site specific precision linear move irrigation system to maximize the productivity with
minimal use of water was developed by Y. Kim . The system described details about the design and instrumentation of variable
rate irrigation, wireless sensor network and real time in field sensing and control by using appropriate software. The whole
system was developed using five in field sensor stations which collects the data and send it to the base station using global
positioning system (GPS) where necessary action was taken for controlling irrigation according to the database available
with the system.
Sensors were placed below the soil which communicates with relay nodes by the use of effective communication protocol
providing very low duty cycle and hence increasing the life time of soil monitoring system.

HARDWARE USED :
microcontroller, universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) interface and sensors
LINK USED : http://www.kresttechnology.com/krest-academic-projects/krest-major-
projects/ECE/BTech%20%20Major%20ECE%20EMBEDDED%202016-
17/Btech%20ECE%20Embedded%20Major%20BP%202016-
17/3.%20Automated%20Irrigation%20System%20In%20Agriculture.pdf

3:
AGRICULTURE MONITORING USING JSON FORMAT :

In computing, JavaScript Object Notation or JSON is an open standard file format that uses human readable text to transmit
data objects consisting of attribute–value pairs and array data types (or any other serializable value). It is a very common
data format used for asynchronous browser/server communication, including as a replacement for XML in some AJAX-style
systems. JSON is a language independent data format.
The design implements IoT technology using an android device, a main controlling unit (MCU), sensors to measure various
parameters and a water pump, which will be used to supply water to the farm. A.PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES This
programming technique includes explanation about thingspeak web server and it uses JSON format to convert stored data
into human readable form.
LINK USED : https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c6af/7e7831da331cd88d90be81b9180735216665.pdf
 Proposed solution
Smart farming is a breakthrough application of science and technology in the
field of agriculture. Smart farm enable the use of iot, big data and
analytics.The system can moniter temperature ,humidity,moisture and
movement of small creature or animal which can destroy the crops in
fields.All the real time data can be monitered by the system .A notification
through sms or email or through mobile app or web application will be sent to
the user .The user is all ways kept notified about the status of the field
enviornment and status of the crops and when it is the right time to cultivate
the crop. To provide a suitable growth environment for the plant in a more
energy-efficient and cost-saving way, farmers could use the system for
remote monitoring and factory automation management.
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
 Description of Block Diagram
1. The data of parameters like that of soil moisture, humidity, rainfall, temperature, water tank level , unwated motion will
be fetched by the various sensors and then if required processing of data will be done .

2. This processed data will then be fed to the microcontroller .

3. Then from the microcontroller the required output will be send to the user’s smartphone or web based application.
 Feasibility Analysis
The automated system implemented is feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agriculture
production. This system allows cultivation in places with water scarcity thereby improving sustainability. It also helps the
farmer by making his work smarter. As the demand for water increases, along with the need to protect aquatic habitats,
water conservation practices for irrigation need to be effective and affordable. As multiple sensors are used water can
be provided only to the required area of land. This system reduces the water consumption to greater extent. It needs
minimal maintenance. The power consumption has been reduced very much. The crop productivity increases and the
wastage of crops are very much reduced. The extension work is to make user interface much simpler by just using SMS
messages for notifications and to operate the switches
The project is worth the investment and legally and technically feasible as well.
Not only This will it save time but also it will encourage the farmer to earn more money through any other means.
We use technology to help maximize the benefits of crop nutrients, crop protection and irrigation costs by using automatic
sensors.
In the recent years, IoTs have been applied in many studies, as surveyed in . The applications of technology in the field of
agriculture are used to improve crop yields or quality and to reduce costs. The application of WSN in precision agriculture
assists the farmers in a statistical manner, helping them make better and well informed decisions
 Innovation or Uniqueness of the
solution
 The status of the system has taken on 4G mobile system shown in the fig:14. The data obtain from sensors are
stored in the cloud and can be monitored by farmer through his smart phone.
 With the help of this approach the irrigation system completely automated also provides real-time information about
the lands and crops that will help farmers make right decisions. Here two sensors are used to control the irrigation
system so the troubleshooting easily done whenever it necessary. Here proposed correlated data based algorithm
reduce the hardware complexity compare to the other proposed systems [13]. The threshold voltages are chosen for
calibration of the sensors by considering past months of temperature and soil moisture values.
 By introducing the machine learning algorithm to be used to process the data we can make farmar aware of the
condition of the crops when it is the write time to cultivate the crop and reduce the complexity of the hardware.

● (Refernce :- R. Nageswara Rao ; B. Sridhar

● IoT based smart crop-field monitoring and automation irrigation system
● Publisher: IEEE )
 Impact or Usefulness of the solution
● The goal of precision farming is to not only simply generate data via sensors, but to analyze that data to evaluate needed reactions. Smart farming
application areas include farm vehicle tracking, livestock monitoring, field observation and storage monitoring.
● Sensors also have the potential to be mounted on animals. Farmers can monitor the health and well-being of livestock, as well as the surrounding
environment. It could notify a farmer that an animal is sick, thereby preventing the spread of disease. Controllers can manage self-driving tractors remotely,
providing significant cost savings. Infrared camera can identify pest-infested crops and weeds, and therefore herbicides can only be applied where and
when they are actually needed.
● New methods of biologic pest control are more precise and cost effective. The immense effort of permanent caretaking is supported by new
technologies. Drones with multi network connectivity can detect water and nutrient deficits, and analyze soil conditions and the degree of ripeness of crops.
This data is transferred to the farmer’s software application immediately through a GSM network and enables a resource-saving, environmentally friendly
precision farming of the land.
● Simple an easy to install and configure.

● Saving energy and resources, so that it can be utilized in proper way and amount.
Farmers would be able to smear to right amount of water at the right time by automatic irrigation. Avoiding irrigation at the wrong time of day, reduce run
off from overwatering saturated soils which will improve crop performance.
● Automated irrigation system uses vales to turn motor ON and OFF. Motors can be automated easily by using controllers and no need of labour to turn motor
ON an OFF .It is precise method for irrigation and a valuable tool for accurate soil moisture control in highly specialized
It is time saving, the human error elimination in adjusting available soil moisture levels.
Other Impacts:
● Real-time monitoring of connected devices is fundamental for collecting data. It also includes monitoring on the farmers side, which
may help control measures like changing parameters for suitable precision farming, such as if too many or too few data has been
collected, or if a specific sub-area on the field must be covered better. Observations may also lead to the creation of new data
collection tasks for sensors.
● Farmers could follow a drone’s journey in real time since it has a tracker that can transmit its position via a mobile network to the
special software or even website every few second. Being on the field the whole day, it is essential for farmers to have a tracking
solution that would also work in remote areas and across borders. Hence, choosing a SIM card that could use every network is a
critical component of the whole project.
● SMS can play a role as an intermediate solution in large areas, helping with device distribution or middleware. However, a GSM
network always can be used, even if an internet option is not available. This makes cellular a reliable and persistent channel for loT
connectivity in agriculture. Consider the opportunity of direct control over all SIM cards as one of the most important features, where
a farmer can manage data in real time and check and adjust data usage, location and status of the devices in the precision farming
portal or via an API.
 Summary
IoTs was applied in agriculture to improve crop yields, improve quality, and reduce costs. For these reasons, we propose WSNs application to watering crops, in this
project. We shall design and implement a system to control environmental factors in the crop fields. The first part was designed and implemented in control box
form. This control box included hardware and electronic control system to connect to sensors and obtain data on crops. The control box was designed for real-life
testing. The implemented design connected to and received IoT information from any field in this study. The second part was the web-based application designed
and implemented to manipulate details of crop data and field information. In this step, large-scale data from IoT is stored and utilized in data analysis. As one key
contribution, this work applied datamining by association rules to discover useful information on effects of environment and climate. The results showed that suitable
temperature for high productivity of homegrown vegetables and lemons was between ° 29 C and ° 32 C. Moreover, suitable humidity for high productivity of lemons
was within 72–81%. The final part was to control the crop watering with a mobile application on a smartphone. This allowed for both automatic and manual functional
control to the user. The user can use the automatic function based on data from soil moisture sensors for watering. However, manual control was possible in the
functional control mode. The system sent notifications through LINE API of the LINE application. The moisture content in the soil was appropriately controlled for the
vegetables, reducing costs and increasing agricultural productivity. This case study shows high potential for digital technology applications in agriculture.In the future,
the agriculture industry can help accelerate IoT development. Data from each field will hold extremely valuable insights for smart precision farming. We are creating
new complex networks and interconnected devices right now that can share infinite amounts of information. This will be fast and uninhibited. It is not a science fiction
anymore; these innovations will be borne of loT and cover the globe, as cellular solutions can achieve an unbelievable level of observing any events on the field.