History

Ancient History izkphu Hkkjr
By Abhishek Suman Sir

Prehistoric Period izkxsfrgkfld dky
Stone Age ik"kk.k ;qx
ILL
2. Paleolithic Period iqjkik"kk.k dky & (5 Lakh B.C to – 8000 B.C)
• blh dky esa euq"; us vkx dk vfo"dkj fd;kA

• blus iRFkjks ls gh dqN vkStkj cuk;s tSls dh & Hand axes, eleners, scrappers.
• bl dky esa euq"; f'kdkjh gqvk djrk FkkA
vo'ks"k %&
W
•
Belan River Valley.

Sohan Rivers Valley.
Narmada River Valley
ER
vkSj blds vykok bl dky dh gesa dqN xqQk fp=dkjh Hkh izkIr gqbZ tks fd Hkksiky ds HkhecsVdk ls
feyh gSA
2. Mesolethic Period eè; ik"kk.k dky (800 B.C – 400 B.C)
• bl dky esa gfFk;kjksa dk vkdkj NksVk gqvkA tks fd microliths dgk x;k gSA
RE
• bl dky esa euq"; us Ik'kqikyu dh 'kq:vkr dhA

• 1st Evidence of Domestication – Adamgarh – M.P
– Bagru – Rajasthan
• ekuo dadky ds Hkh vo'ks"k feys gSA tks fd Sarai Nahar – Pratapgarh – U.P
CA
3. Nealethic Period – uo ik"kk.k dky & (400 B.C – 2500 B.C)
• bl dky esa euq"; us Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA

• 1st Evidence of Agriculture – Balochistan (mehrgarh) – Pak ¼tkS] xsg¡w] dikl½
• pkoy dh [ksrh ds Hkh dqN vo'ks"k feys gS tks& Koldihwa, Allahabad, U.P
• tEew d'ehj ds cqtZgkse uked LFkku ls& ekuo dadky ds lkFk dqÙks dh gfM~M;ksa ds lk{; feys gSaA
• cqtZ gkse ls gh & dqN feV~Vh ds crZu Hkh feys gSA
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Protohistoric Period vk| ,frgkfld dky
Indus-Valley Civilisation – 2500 BC – 1700 BC

fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk
1856 %& Alexzender khingham (father of Indian Archaeology) us fossils dks bdV~Bk fd;k
vkSj mu ij [kkst dhA
ILL
– India Museum – Biggest museum in India – Calcutta.
(1899 – 1905) – Land curzon – (Archaeologist)
1905 – Archaeological Sarvey of India.
HQ: Indian museum – Calcutta.
W
ER
RE
CA
• ;g lH;rk ,d 'kgjh lH;rk FkhA bldk vkdkj f=Hkqth; FkkA

• bl lH;rk dh lcls izeq[k fo'ks"krk bldk uxj fu;kstu vkSj ty fudklh FkkA
• blh lH;rk ds yksxksa us rkacsa esa Vhu feykdj dk¡ls dk fuekZ.k fd;kA
• blfy, bls Bronze Age Civilization Hkh dgrs gSA
ILL
W
ER
RE
CA
Place Year River Inventor
1. Harappa (Pakistan Mantgomai) 1921 Ravi Daya Ram

Sahni
ILL
2. Mohenjodaro (Larkana, Pak) 1922 Sindhu R.D. Benerjee
3. Sutkagandor (Balochistan Pak) 1927 Dashka R.L. Styme
4. Chandhudaro (Sindh Pak) 1931 Indus M.G.

Mazumdar
5. Rangpur (Ahmedabad, Gujarat) 1953 Sabermati M.S vatsya
W
6. Ropad (Punjab) 1953 Satlaj Y.D. Sharma
7. Lothal (Gujarat) 1955 Bhogwa S.R. Rao

ER
8. Kalibanga (Rajasthan) 1953 Ghaghar A. Ghosh
9. Alamgirpur (Meerut U.P) 1958 Hindan V.D. Sharma
10. Banawali (Haryana) 1973 Saraswati R.S Bisht
11. Dhoulavira (Gujarat) 1990 Bhogwa R.S. Bisht

RE
12. Rakhigarhi (Haryana) 1990 Saraswati Ratiq Maghal
• Indus Valley Civilization ds lokZf/kd LFky xqtjkr esa gSA
Harappa – gM+Iik
CA
• gM+Iik ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d 12 d{kks dk vUukxkj FkkA

• bl lH;rk dh izeq[k Qly xsgw¡ ,oa tkS FkhA
• ,d dfczLrku ¼R-37 ;k lekf/k&37½ feyk gSA
• 'koksa dks dsoy nQukus dh izFkk gM+Iik esa gh FkhA
• moZjrk dh nsoh dh ewfrZ feyh gSA
• 'ka[k dk cuk gqvk cSy Hkh feyk gSA
• cVu ds vkdkj dh eksgjsA
Mohanjodaro
• Mohanjodaro ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d fo'kky vUukxkj FkkA ysfdu lcls izfl)
bekjr ,d fo'kky Lukukxkj FkkA
• uV~Vjkt dh ewfrZ & ¼f'ko dh½
ILL
• Hkkjr dk lcls iqjkuk u`R; dyk & f'ko rkaMo FkhA
• Ik'kqifr dh ewfrZ & ¼f'ko dh½
• ,d LokfLrd fpUg Hkh feyk gSA
• u`R; djrh gqbZ ckfydk dh ewfrZ & dkals dh cuh gqbZ
W
• izR;sd edku esa ,d dq,¡ dk lk{; feykA
• egkfo|ky; Hkou dk lk{; feyk gSA
• ,d Ük`axkj Box Hkh feyk gSA
Chandhudaro pangqnM+ks
ER
• bl lH;rk dk ;g ,dek= xzkeh.k {ks= FkkA
• ;gk¡ ls gesa xksy bZVsa feyh gSA
• csyukdkj eksgjs feyh gSA
• fcYyh dk fiNk djrs gq, ,d dqÙks dk fp=A
RE
• pwfM+;ksa ,oa fyfifLVd ds lk{; Hkh feys gSaA

• ,d gkFkh dk nk¡r Hkh feyk gSA
Lothal yksFky
• ;g bl lH;rk dk canjxkg Fkk vkSj bl lH;rk dh okf.kfT;d jkt/kkuh Hkh FkkA

CA
• Qkjl dh eqnzk Hkh feyh gSA

• ?kksM+s dh vfLFk;k¡
• pkoy ds nkuksa ds lk{;
• ,d eEeh dk lk{; Hkh feyk gSA
• fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dh nks iz'kklfud jkt/kkfu;ka Hkh ftUgsa tqM+ok¡ jkt/kkfu;k¡ dgk tkrk FkkA gM+Iik o
eksgutksnM+ks
• bl lH;rk dh fyih esa 64 ewy fpUg FksA ftls Hkkofp=kRed fyih dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g fyih igys Right to Left fQj Left to Right fy[kk tkrk FkkA
• yxHkx 1750 bZ- iw- esa bl lH;rk dk vUr ck<+ tkus ds dkj.k gqvkA
oSfnd lH;rk
ILL
Vedik Civilization 1500 B.C – 600 B.C
• 1500 B.C esa vk;Zu dk vkxeu gqvkA ;g eè; ,f'k;k ls vk;s FksA
W
• cky xaxk/kj fryd ds vuqlkj ;g mÙkjh /kqzo ls vk;s FksA
• n;kuUn ljLorh ds vuqlkj ;g frCcr ls vk;s FksA
ER
RE
• lEiw.kZ mÙkj vkSj mÙkjh&if'peh esa vk;ks± us ,d xzkeh.k lH;rk 'kq: fd ftls oSfnd lH;rk dgk
tkrk gSA
• bl lH;rk ds yksxksa dk eq[; dk;Z Ñf"k ,oa Ik'kqikyu FkkA
• bl lH;rk ds ifjokj fi= la[;kRed gqvk djrs FksA
CA
_Xosn Rigveda (1500 – B.C – 1000 B.C)

• ;g lHkh osnksa esa lcls izkphu gSA blesa 10 e.My gSA
• lHkh e.Myksa dk ladyu osn O;kl ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
• lcls iqjkuk e.My & 2 to 7
• uohure e.My & 10
• _Xosn dk 3 & e.My & dh jpuk & fo'okfe= us Hkh blh e.My esa xk;=h ea= dh jpuk dh FkhA
• 10oka & e.My & egklwErh; & o.kZ O;oLFkk dk o.kZu
• czkã.k
• {kf=;
• oS';
'kwnz
ILL
•
• _Xosn esa oSfnd dky dh lcls ifo= unh ljLorh dks crk;k x;k gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ unh fla/kq FkhA
• xaxk & ¼xkSjk½ & 1 ckj
;equk ¼dkfyanh½ & 3 ckj
• :nz 'kCn dk mi;ksx Hkh _Xosn esa gSA
W
:nz & Rudra & 3 ckj & ¼f'ko dk vorkj½
• lcls T;knk ckj ¼1½ firk 'kCn ¼335½ dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
¼2½ tu & 275
¼3½ banz & 250
ER
¼4½ ekrk & 234
• og O;fDr tks _Xosn ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djrk gS mls gks= dgrs gSA
2. Samved - lkeosn
lkeosn dks gh Hkkjrh; laxhr dk tud dgk tkrk gSA laxhr ds lkr lqjks dk mYys[k lkeosn ls gh
RE
•
izkIr gqvk gSA
• blesa lw;Znso dh Lrwfr ls lacaf/kr ea=ksa dk ladyu gSA
• tks O;fDr tks lkeosn ds ea=ksa dk xk;u djrk gS og mnxknk dgykrk gSA
Yajurveda - ;tqoZsn
CA
3.
• bl osn ds lHkh ea= ;Kks esa fu;eksa ls lacaf/kr ,oa vU; /kkfeZd fØ;kdykiksa lacaf/kr ea=ksa dk ladyu
fd;k x;k gSA
• ;g ,dek= osn gS ftlesa x| ,oa i| nksuksa gSA
• ;tqosZn ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djus okys O;fDr dks v?kR;qZ dgykrk gSA
4. Atharveda vFkoZon
s
• blds lHkh ea=ksa dkyk tknw vkSj o'khdj.k ds mipkj] izsr vkRekvks ls fuokj.k ,oa vU; vk;qosZfnd
mipkjksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA
• ;g osn lHkh osnksa esa lcls uohu gSA
• bl osnks ds ea=ksa dk mPpkj.k djus okyk czkãk dgykrk gSA
Historic Period (600 B.C – 712 AD)
ILL
600 B.C ds 16 egktuin
ckS) xzaFk & vaxksÙkj fudk;
tSu /keZ & Hkxorh lw=
egktuin jkt/kkuh
W
1- vax & pEik@pEikuxjh
2- dk'kh & okjk.klh
3- xkaU/kkj & r{kf'kyk
4- dq: & bUnzizLFk
ER
5- dEcksp & gkVd@jktkiqj
6- lw;Zlsu & eFkqjk
7- dksly & JkoLrh@v;ksè;k
8- ex/k & jktxzg@ikVfyiq=@oS'kkyh
RE
9- psanh & lErherh

10- ikapky & vfgN=
11- oTth & fefFkyk@fonsg
12- eRL; & fojkVuxj
CA
13- oRl; & dkS'kkEch

14- vLed & dksVu
;s nf{k.k Hkkjr dk ,dek= egktuin FkkA
15- vourh & mTtSu ¼mÙkjh½@ekfg"erh nf{k.kh
16- ey & dq'khuxj
600 B.C dk /kkfeZd vkanksyu
ckS) /keZ
Founder – xkSre cq)
Known as – Light of Asia

• tUe ls {kf=; ¼'kkE; dqy½ FksA cpiu dk uke fl)kFkZ FkkA
• budk tUe 563 bZ- iw- esa dfiyoLrq ¼usiky½ ds yqEcuh uked LFkku ij gqvk FkkA
ILL
• firk dk uke 'kq)ks/ku tks 'kkE; dqy ds FksA
ekrk dk uke egkHkkxk ¼dkSfy;k oa'k½ dh FkhA tUe ds 7 fnu ckn ekrk dh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA
egkHkkxk & Sister of Prajapat Gautmi
• wife – Yashodhara
W
Son – Rahul
lkjFkh & Channa (Chaan)
Honse – konthok
• 29 o"kZ dh vk;q esa x`g R;kx ¼bls egkfHkfu"Øe.k dgrs gS½ fn;kA
ER
• vuksek unh ds rV ij bUgksaus lU;klh :Ik /kkj.k fd;k vkSj egkKku dh izkfIr ds fy, fudy iM+As
RE
• x;k igq¡psA 6 o"kks± dh riL;k ds ckn fugkFkZ dks x;k esa fujatuk unh ds rV ij egkKku ¼fuokZ.k½ dh
izkfIr gqbZA
• egkKku dh izkfIr ds ckn ;g cq) ds uke ls tkus x;sA
• cq) us viuk izFke mins'k ¼/keZpØ ifjorZu½ lkjukFk ¼okjk.klh½ esa fn;k FkkA
CA
• blds ckn bUgksaus ckS) la?k dh LFkkiuk lkjukFk esa dhA

Follow - ¼cq)] la?k o /kEe½
Minimum age to join – 15 years

• ckS) la?k dh x.kiwfrZ 20 lnL; dh FkhA
1 f'k"; & 2 'kwnz ¼riLlw o eYyqd ;k dfYyd½
1 efgyk f'k"; & Gautmi buddha
izfl) f'k"; & vkuUn o mikyh
• cq) us vius lokZf/kd mins'k JkoLrh esa ikyh Hkk"kk esa fn;k vius thou ds vafre le; esa dq'khuxj
igq¡ps vkSj viuk mins'k lqHkPN dks fn;kA
• 483 – B.C dq'khuxj ¼fgj.;korh unh ds fdukjs½ esa vfrlkj ls budh e`R;q ¼egkifjfuokZ.k½ gks xbZA
izFke ckS) egk laxhfr & 483
ILL
Place – Raj Grih (Satparni Cave)
Ruka – Ajatsatru (Haryanka Dynesty)
Chairman – Mahakasyam
W
ER
f}rh; ckS) egklaxhfr & 383 B.C
Place – Vaishali
Ruler – Kalashoke ¼f'k'kqukx oa'k½
RE
Chairmen – Sabakmir/ Sanvakamini

Work – follower – Divide in two parts
1. LFkkohj
2. egklaf?kd
CA
rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr & 251 B.C

Place – Pattiputra
Ruler – Ashoka (Maurya Dynesty)
Chairman – eksXxkfyiqÙkfrLe
Work – ckS) /keZ esa rhljk fiVd tksM+k x;kA

& vfHk/kEe fiVd
v'kksd ds ledkyhu ckS) fHk{kqvksa dh
pkSFkh egklaxhrh & 78 : A.D/ 81 A.D
Place – Kudaluan (Kashmir)
Ruler – Kaniska (Kushan Dynesty)
Chairman – Vashumitra
ILL
Vice Chairman – Ashwa ghose
ckS) /keZ 2 lektksa esa foHkkftr gqvk
1- ghu;ku
2- egk;ku
W
ghu;ku egk;ku
• ;s ewfrZiwtk esa fo'okl ugha djrs ;s djrs gSA
• ghu;ku Gautam Buddha dks egk;ku Gautam Buddha dks
dsoy euq"; ekurs FksA Hkxoku ekurs FksA
ER
• budk dksbZ rhFkZLFkku ugha gksrkA buds 4 rhFkZ LFkku gksrs gSA
• ;s Jhyadk] baMksusf'k;k vkSj E;kaekj ckdh LFkkuks ij
esa vf/kd ik;s tkrs gSA
tSu /keZ Jainism
RE
24 rhFkZdj%
1st & _"kHknso iq= &
1- Hkjr
2- xksHkVs'oj ¼buds gkFkksa esa 200 gkfFk;ksa dk cy Fkk½
CA
23rd & ik'oZukFk &
budh e`R;q laons ioZr ij gqbZ FkhA 100 o"kZ dh mez esa 4 egkozr
1- lR;
2- vfgalk
3- vLrsi ¼pksjh u djuk½
4- vifjxzg
24th & egkohj Lokeh & ¼vafre½
Birth – 540 B.C dq.Mxzke oS'kkyh
cpiu dk uke o)Zeku

firk & Sidhhartha ¼KkUrd dqy½
ekrk &
ILL
Trishla
iRuh & Yashoda
iq=h & Priyadarshra/Anojja
nkekn & Jamali
• 30 o"kZ dh vk;q esa o)Zeku us viuk xzg R;kx fn;kA
W
budh lcls igyh eqykdkr e[kyh xks'kky  ¼vkthod laiznk;½  HkkX;oknh /keZ uke O;fDr ls
gqbZA
• 12 o"kZ dh riL;k ds ckn o)Zeku dks tqfEcdk xzke esa fjtqikf=dk unh ds rV ij egkKku 
ER
dSoY;  dsofyu & ftu] fuxzaFk
izFke f'k"; & tekyh ¼nkekn½
efgyk & pUnuk
• izkphu dky esa tSu /keZ dk izeq[k dsUnz eFkqjk FkkA
RE
• ex/k esa tSu /keZ dk izpkj djus ds fy, bUgksaus vius 11 f'k";ksa dks fu;qDr fd;kA
11 & x.k/kj & ex/k
• vk;Z lq/kjlZu & egkohj Lokeh ds e`R;q ds ckn thfor jgus okyk bdykSrk x.k/kj
Arya Sudherman – 1st Chairman of join Union
CA
• 468 B.C esa egkohj Lokeh dh e`R;q ikokiqnh esa gqbZA
300 B.C ex/k] LFkwyHknz] LosrkEcj] Hknzckgw] fnxEcj
1st tSu egklaxhfr
Place – Patliputra
Ruler – Chandra Gupta Maurya
Chairman – Sthulbhadra
Work – Jainism divide in two communities.
1- LosrkEcj
2- ihrkEcj
LosrkEcj nhxEcj
• ;s egkohj dh f'k{kkvksa dks ekurs gSA nhxkEcj Hknzckgw dh f'k{kk dks ekurs gSA
ILL
• Losr oL= /kkj.k djrs gSA ;s oL= /kkj.k ugha djrs gSA
• ;s egkohj dks fookfgr ekurs gSA ;s vfookfgr ekurs gSA
• LosrkEcjks ds vuqlkj 19osa rhFk±dj eYyhukFk ysfdu buds vuqlkj oks ,d iz#"k FksA
,d lrh FksA
W
2nd tSu egklaxhfr – 513 A.D
Place – oYyHkh xqtjkr
Chairman – nso/khZ {kek{ke.k
blh egklaxhfr ds nkSjku tSu /keZ dh f'k{kkvksa dks fyfi cg fd;k x;kA
ER
xzaFk & vkxe
ex/k dk mRd"kZ
g;Zd oa'k & 544 B.C
budh igyh jkt/kkuh jktxzg FkhA
RE
• bldh LFkkiuk fcfEclkj us dh FkhA ;g xkSre cq) ds ledkyhu FkkA

• blus vax jkT; ij vkØe.k djds ex/k esa feyk;kA
• blus dks'kynsoh ls fookg fd;k tks dks'ky ds egkjkt iz lsukthr dh cgu Fkh vkSj mlh ls bls
ngst esa dk'kh izkIr gqvkA
CA
• bldh nwljh ifRu dk uke psYyuk Fkk tks fyPNoh oa'k dh jktdqekjh FkhA
• budk ,d jktoS/k ;k ftldk uke thod FkhA
blus thod dks vofUr ds jktk iz|ksr dk bykt djus Hkstk tks ihfy;k ls xzflr FkkA
• fcfEclkj dh gR;k blds iq= vtkr'k=q ds }kjk dh xbZ tks ex/k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
vtkr'k=q & 492 B.C – 460 B.C
• egkohj Lokeh ¼468½ rFkk xkSre cq) ¼483½ nksuksa dh e`R;q blh ds 'kkludky esa gqbZA
• blus ofTt la?k vkSj eYy la?k ij vkØe.k djds ex/k esa feyk;kA
• 483 B.C esa blus izFke ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;k FkkA
• vtkr'k=q us gh nks u;s gfFk;kjksa dk bLrseky djus dh 'kq:vkr dhA

1- jFk ewly
2- egkf'kyk daVd
ILL
• bldh gR;k Hkh blds iq= }kjk nh xbZ tks ex/k dk vyx 'kkld cukA
mnkf;u~&
• blus xaxk vkSj lksu unh ds laxe ij ,d 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dh ftudks ikfVyhiq= ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA
W
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks jktxzg ls ikVfyiq= LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
& vfu:)
& ukxn'kd & ¼egkekR;½ f'k'kqukx us bldh gR;k dj nhA
f'k'kqukx oa'k
ER
• f'k'kqukx oa'k dk laLFkkid f'k'kqukx FkkA
• blus vofUr ij vkØe.k djds iz|ksr oa'k dk var fd;k vkSj vofUr dks ex/k lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh ikVfyiq= ls oS'kkyh LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dkyk'kksd gqvkA
RE
• 383 B.C esa blus 2nd ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;kA
• vkSj jkt/kkuh dks iqu% oS'kkyh ls ikVfyiq= ys x;kA

• bl oa'k dk vfUre 'kkld uafno/kZu & ¼bldh gR;k blds lfpo ds }kjk dh xbZ½ gqvkA
uanoa'k & 344 B.C – 323 B.C
CA
• bldk laLFkkid egkin~e uan FkkA

• bl oa'k dk vfUre ,ao egku 'kkld bldk 8oka iq= FkkA ftldk uke ?kukuan FkkA
• 326 B.C esa fldUnj dk vkØe.kA
• ?kukuan dh gR;k pk.kD; dh enn ls panzxqIr ekS;Z us dh FkhA ftlus ex/k ds lcls cM+s jktoa'k dh
LFkkiuk dhA
Hkkjr esa fons'kh vkØe.k
• ijfl;k@bZjkuh vkØe.k &
• v'okefu oa'k & laLFkkid lkbjl FkkA
Lkbjl & India Sub Continent esa igyk FkkA
Msfj;l & lcls igyk lQy vkØe.k fd;k Fkk ;k nkjk izFke & 518 B.C esa nks LrEHkksa ls ;g
tkudkjh feyh gS&
ILL
1- osfgLrwu vfHkys[k] 2- jLds:Lre vfHkys[k
Qk;ns%&
1- bl vkØe.k ds ckn Hkkjr esa vkSj bZjku ds chp O;kikj dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
2- Hkkjr esa ?kjksV fyfi dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
W
3- vkjes[k fyfi
• Msfj;l izFke ls izHkkfor gksdj gh v'kksd us vfHkys[k fy[kokus dh 'kq:vkr dhA
bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld nkjk r`rh; FkkA
nwljk fons'kh vkØe.k
ER
;wukuh vkØe.k
• ednwfu;k dk 'kkld fQfyi FkkA
• fldUnj fQfyi dk gh iq= FkkA 29 o"kZ dh vk;q esa iwjs fo'o dks thrk vkSj fo'o fotsrk dgyk;kA
• Hkkjr esa izos'k djus ds fy, blus rhljh 'krkCnh B.C esa blus lEiw.kZ bZjku dk fouk'k fd;k vkSj
RE
nkjk r`rh; dks gjkdj v'okefu oa'k dk var fd;kA

• r{kf'kyk esa vkEch uked 'kkld us fldUnj ds lkeus vkReleiZu fd;kA
• 326 B.C esa forLrk ;k gkbMsLiht dk ;q) yx x;kA
& fldUnj o iksjl ds eè;
CA
& fldUnj us iksjl dks ijkftr fd;kA

• fldUnj us Hkkjr esa nks 'kgjksa dh LFkkiuk dhA
1- fot;uxj ¼fudbZ;k½
2- cqdkfQyk
• 325 B.C esa rcf;r [kjkc gksus ls ;g Hkkjr ls ykSV x;kA cschyksu esa gh 323 B.C esa 33 o"kZ dh
mez esa bldh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA
ekS;Z oa'k
iqjkrkfRod L=ksr
1. v'kksd ds vfHkys[k & ;g Hkkjr ds lcls iqjkus vfHkys[k gS ftUgsa [kjks"Bh ,oa czãh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk
x;k FkkA
• 1837 bZ- esa James Prinsep us lcls igys i<+k FkkA
ILL
v'kksd ds pkSng f'kykys[k
igyk f'kykys[k & lEiw.kZ iztk esjh larku ds leku gSA Ik'kqcfy ij izfrca/k o oU; tho
laj{k.k
nwljk f'kykys[k & tUrk ds fy, dY;kdkjjh dk;ZØe ekuo ,oa Ik'kq fpfdRlk dk mYys[k
W
rhljk f'kykys[k & czã.kksa dks lek;ku ,oa egkekR;ks dh fu;qfDr
ikapok f'kykys[k & /kekZRFkks dh fu;qfDr
lkarok f'kykys[k & ;s v'kksd dk lcls yEck f'kykys[k FkkA efLr"d ,oa vkRek ij fu;a=.k
X;kjgoka f'kykys[k & v'kksd ds /keZ fot;ks dk o.kZu
ER
Rksjoka f'kykys[k & dfyax ;q) dk o.kZu
pkSngoka f'kykys[k & /kkfeZd thou thus dh izsj.kk
v'kksd ds 7 LrEHk ys[k
1- Vksijk LrEHk & ;s vEckyk ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa fQjkst'kkg fnYyh esa gSA
RE
2- esjB LrEHk & ;g esjB ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa fnYyh esa gSA
3- bykgkckn LrEHk & ;s dkS'kkach ls izkIr gqvk vkSj orZeku esa bykgkckn ;s rhu 'kkldksa ls lacaf/kr gS&
1- v'kksd] 2- leqnzxqIr] 3- tgkaxhj
4- lk¡ph Lrwi & ;g vc u"V gks pqdk gSA
CA
5- lkjukFk Lrwi & blh LrEHk ls gekjk jk"Vªh; fpUg fy;k x;k gSA
6- ykSfj;kuanx<+ LrEHk & ;s fcgkj ds pEikj.k ls izkIr gqvkA
7- jkeiqjok¡ LrEHk & ;g Hkh pEikj.k ls izkIr gqvk orZeku esa jk"Vªifr Hkou esa j[kk x;k gSA
pUnzxqIr ekS;Z (323 B.C – 298 B.C)
• ekS;Z oa'k dk igyk 'kkld FkkA
• ;qukuh 'kkld us bls & lsUMªkd
s ksVl
~ dgk gSA
• pk.kD; dh enn ls ?kukuUn dh gR;k djds 25 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ex/k dk 'kkld cukA
• ;g Hkkjr dk izFke pØofrZ; lezkV FkkA
ILL
• exj Hkkjr dk igyk lezkV & ?kukuan FkkA
• pUnzxqIr ekS;Z us lqn'kZu >hy vkSj fxlkj ioZr (Gujarat ds lkSjk"Vª es)a dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• 305 B.C & lsY;wdl fudsVj dk vkØe.k
pUnzxqIr ekS;Z vkSj lsY;wdl fudsVj ds chp laf/k
W
laf/k& (i) dkcqy] dkU/kkj] gsjkV] tSMksfl;k
(ii) gsysuk ls 'kknh & ¼lsY;wdl ds csVh½
(iii) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z ds njckj esa lsY;wdl fudsVj ds jktnwr esxkLFkfut dks Hkstk x;kA
(iv) pUnzxqIr ekS;Z us lsY;wdl fudsVj dks 500 gkFkh migkj esa fn,A
ER
• 300 AD esa blus ikVyhiq= esa tSu egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu djok;kA ftlesa tSu LosrkEcj vkSj
fnxEcj esa foHkkftr gqvkA
• 300 AD esa gh ;g Hknzckgq ds lkFk Jo.kcsyk pyk x;kA
• 298 AD esa lYys[kuk vkSj lapkjk ds dkj.k pUnzxqIr ekS;Z dh e`R;q gqbZA
RE
Fcanqlkj & 298 B.C – 272 B.C

• bls fla/klsu vkSj vfHkr?kkr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
• bldh 16 ifRu;k¡ FkhA ftlesa lcls fiz; /kekZ@lqHkanzkxh (Son Ashok) FkhA
• blds 101 iq= FksA
CA
cM+k csVk & lqlhe

• v'kksd us 99 Hkkb;ksa dh gR;k dj nh FkhA
Dsoy frLl dks NksM+dj ¼Jhyadk dk Governor cuk ds Hkstk½
• lqlhe & r{kf'kyk dk
v'kksd & mTtSu dk jkT;iky FkkA
• r{kf'kyk esa dhpd dk fonzkgs
fcanqlkj us igyh ckj lqlhe dks Hkstk
nwljh ckj v'kksd dks Hkstk FkkA
• fcanqlkj ds njckj esa nks fons'kh jktnwr vk;s&
1- Mk;esdl & lhfj;k ls
2- Mk;ksfull & feJ ls vk;k FkkA
ILL
• 272 B.C esa fcanqlkj dh e`R;q gks xbZA
• v'kksd dks jk/kkeqDr dh enn ls vius 99 Hkkb;ks dh gR;k djds ex/k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
v'kksd 269 B.C – 232 B.C
eLdh vfHkys[k & v'kksd o/kZu
W
xqtZjk vfHkys[k & nsoukefiz; v'kksd jktk ¼nsoukefiz; nLlh½
• viuk izFke fookg egknsoh ¼mTtSu dh jktdqekjh½ ds lkFk fd;kA ftuls bUgsa nks lUrkusa gqbZ &
Mahendra (son) & Sanghmitra daughter.
• blus bUgsa ckS) /keZ dk izpkj djus ds fy, Jhyadk Hkstk FkkA
ER
• v'kksd us nwljk fookg dfyax dh jktdqekjh yk:okdh ls fd;kA
• yk:okdh ls nwljk iq= gqvk ftls dq"kky ds uke ls tkurs gSA
• dq"kky dk iq= rFkk v'kksd dk ikS= n'kjFk FkkA
• 261 B.C esa dfyax dk ;q)
RE
• dfyax ;q) ds le; dfyax dh jkt/kkuh rks'kkyh ¼rkslfy½ FkhA

• bl ;q) dk dkj.k gkFkh izkfIr FkkA
• ml le; dfyax dk 'kkld & uanjkt FkkA
Bl ckr dh tkudkjh gesa gkFkhxqQk vfHkys[k ls izkIr gqbZA
CA
& bls [kkjosy us fy[kok;k FkkA

& ;s psnh oa'k dk lcls egku jktk FkkA
• dfyax ;q) ds ckn v'kksd us ckS) /keZ viuk;kA
• ckS) /keZ dh f'k{kk & eksXxfyiqÙkfrLe ;k mixqIr us nh FkhA
• vius 'kkludky ds 10osa o"kZ v'kksd us cks/kx;k dh ;k=k dh vkSj 'kkludky ds 20osa o"kZ ;g yqfEcuh
x;k vkSj yqfEcfu dks dj eqDr dj fn;kA
• ftldk mYys[k :eunsbZ vfHkys[k ls feyrk gSA
• v'kksd us forLrk ;k >sye unh ds fdukjs Jhuxj uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
• blus vius 'kkludky esa Ik'kqcfy dks fu"ks/k fd;k FkkA
• vkSj Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; m|kuksa dk fuekZ.k djkus okyk ;g izFke 'kkld FkkA
vius 'kkludky esa v'kksd esa lk¡ph Lrwi (M.P India's biggest World's biggest –
ILL
•
Barobudur Stupa, Java (Indore) rFkk /kkfeZd Lrwi (Sarnath)
• 251 B.C esa v'kksd us rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr dk vk;kstu ikVfyiq= esa djok;k FkkA ftlesa blus
ckS) /keZ esa rhljk ihVd & ¼vfHk/kEe ihVd½ tksM+k FkkA
• vius thou ds vafre le; esa v'kksd us cjkcj dh xqQk,¡ vkthodksa dks nku esa nh FkhA
W
'kSo /keZ & ckS) /keZ & vkthod] lkEiznk;
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dq"kky vkSj fQj ikS= n'kjFk gq,A
• ekS;Z oa'k dk vafre c`gnzFk ¼lsukifr & iq";fe= 'kqax½ FkkA
ekS;ksZÙkj dky
ER
Shung Dynesty & 'kqax oa'k & 185 B.C – 72 B.C
• bls Hkkjr dk izFke czã.k oa'k ekuk tkrk gSA

Founder – iq";fe= 'kqax
• bls Hkkjr esa ckS) /keZ dk fouk'kd dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d

RE
• blus v'kksd }kjk fufeZr 84000 Lrwiks dks /koLr ¼u"V½ djok;k FkkA
• laLÑr Hkk"kk dk lokZf/kd fodkl blh ds 'kkludky esa gqvk FkkA
• blus nks v'oes?k ;Kks dk vk;kstu djok;k tks iratfy & ¼egkHkk"; dh jpuk o laLÑr O;kdj.k &
;ksx dh 'kq:vkr dh FkhA½ ds }kjk fd;s x;sA
CA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh fofn'kk (M.P) dks cuk;k FkkA

• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vfXufe= 'kqax gqvkA
bldh tkudkjh gesa Novel – Malavikagnimitram – (Writen by Kalidas – Written in
Gupta's period) ls feyrh gSA
• blus ckS) /keZ dks Hkh laj{k.k fn;kA blh us lk¡ph ds Lrwi dh ejEej djokbZA
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld nsoHkwfr gqvkA
d.o oa'k – 72 B.C – 28 B.C
Founder – oklqnso & iq= & lq'kekZ
vkU/kz lkrokgu oa'k 28 B.C – 3rd Century

Capital – Pratisthan ¼izfr"Bku½ egkjk"Vª
Founder – Simuk ¼fleqd½
ILL
• 1st great ruler of this dynesty – Satkerni I ¼lkrd.khZ izFke½
• 2nd great ruler of this dynesty – Haal ¼gky½ Bock Gathasuptshathi
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku jktk 23osa jktk xkSreh iq= lkrd.khZ FkkA tks ¼106 $ 130½ rd 'kklu
fd;kA
W
• blh us Hkkjr esa f'k'ks ds flDdksa dk pyokus okyk ;g izFke 'kkld FkkA
• blds czkã.kksa dks Hkwfe;k nku esa nsus dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• blh us uke ls igys ekrk dk uke fy[kkus dh izFkk pykbZ FkhA
;s Hkkjr dk rhljk pØorhZ; jktk FkkA
ER
•
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= tks bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld Fkk ftls Vashithiputra
Pulamavi ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bls izFke vka/kz lezkV dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d blus nf{k.k esa vkØe.k djds vka/kz {ks= ij vf/kdkj
fd;kA
RE
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld Pulamavi III gqvkA

ekS;ksZÙkj dky ds fons'kh vkØe.k
• Indo – Greeks
Origin – Greek & ;wuku
CA
Founder – Demetrius 1 ¼MsesfVªe'k izFke½
Capital – Sakal (Sindh)

Greatest Ruler – Menander & ¼fefyUn½
• ;s bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlus Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDdksa dk izpyu djok;kA
• blus Hkkjr esa ckS) /keZ viuk;kA
• blus ckS) /keZ dh f'k{kk,¡ ckS) fHk{kq & ukxlsu ls izkIr dh
Book  Milindapanha
Source 
Saka – 'kad oa'k
Origin – Central Asia

• Hkkjr esa budh 5 'kk[kk,¡ FkhA
ILL
1- d'ehj] 2- r{kf'kyk] 3- eFkqjk] 4- mTtSu] 5- nDdu
• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld :nznkeu (Ujjain) FkkA
& twukx<+ dk vfHkys[k blh us fy[kok;k FkkA laLÑr Hkk"kk dk lcls uHk vfHkys[k FkkA
• Last Ruler – Rudrasena III
bldh gR;k pUnzxqIr II ds }kjk fd x;h ftlus Hkkjr ls 'kad oa'k dk var fd;kA
W
Kushan dq"kk.k
Origin – Western China.

• bl oa'k dk lcls egku jktk dfu"d gqvkA blus 'kd oa'k dk var d'ehj ls fd;k vkSj 78 A.D esa
ER
'kdlaor~ pyok;k FkkA
• vius 'kkludky ds rhljs o"kZ blus d'ehj esa pkSFkh ckS) egklaxhfr dj vk;kstu djok;k FkkA
ftlesa ckS) /keZ ghu;ku vkSj egk;ku esa foHkkftr gqvkA
• ;s bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlesa 'kq) lksus ds flDdksa dk izpyu djok;k FkkA
vkSj blus flDdksa ij frfFk;k¡ ,oa 'kkldksa ds uke Niokus dh izFkk 'kq: dh FkhA
RE
Gupta Period 319 A.D – 540 A.D

• xqIr dky dks bfrgkl dk izFke Lo.kZ dky dgk tkrk gSA
iqjkrkfRod L=ksr
1- esgjkSyh fiyj ys[k & pUnzxqIr & II
CA
2- iwuk rkez ys[k & izHkkorh (Daughter pUnzxqIr & II)

3- twukx<+ vfHkys[k & LdUnxqIr
4- bykgkckn fiyj vfHkys[k & leqUnzxqIr
5- ,sj.k vfHkys[k & HkkuqxqIr
6- fcylM+ vfHkys[k & dqekj xqIr
7- Hkhrjh xqQk vfHkys[k & LdUnxqIr
• Hkkjr dk izFke eafnj & n'kkorkj eafnj & nsox<+ >k¡lh esa gS
• vtUrk vkSj ,syksjk dh xqQk,¡ & (Aurangabad M.H)
Cave No. 16, 17, 19 ¼;s xqIrk Period esa cuh gS½
lkfgfR;d L=ksr
1- dkfynkl &
ILL
• vfHkKku 'kkdqUrye~
• esonwre~
• j?kqoa'ke~
• foØeoa'kh;
W
• ekyfodk vfXu fe=e~
• dqekj laHkoe~
• rUrqlagkje~
2- fo'kk[knÙk & eqnzkjk{kl] nsohpUnzxqIre~
ER
3- ojkfefgj & o`grlaghrk] iap fl)kfUrdk
4- ck.kHkV~V & g"kZpfjr] dknEcnh
5- g"kZo/kZu & ukxkuan] jRukoyh] fiz;nf'kZdk
6- dkeUnd & uhfr'kkL=
RE
7- vk;ZHkV~V & lw;Z fl)kUr] vk;ZHkV~fV;e~

8- vej flag & vejdks"k
9- okRLFkkiu & dkelw=
10- fo".kq 'kekZ & iapra=
CA
11- oRlHkV~fV & jko.ko/k

12- /kuoa=h & v.kq fl)kar
13- lksenso & dFkklfjrlkxj
14- ikf.kuh & v'oè;k;h
15- dYg.k & jktrjaxhuh
• bu L=ksrks ds vuqlkj JhxqIrk dks xqIr oa'k dk laLFkkid ekuk tkrk gSA blus egkjktk dh mikf/k
/kkj.k dh FkhA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= ?krks"dPN gqvk vkSj Hkh egkjktk dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• ysfdu xqIr oa'k dk okLrfod laLFkkid paUnzxqIr&I gqvkA
Chandragupta I – 319 – 540
ILL
• 319 esa blus xqIr laor~ pyok;k FkkA
• blus egkjktkf/kjkt dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• blus fyPNfo dh jktdqekjh dqekjnsoh ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
• ;s xqIr dky dk izFke 'kkld Fkk tks Silver pk¡nh ds flDds pyok;kA
W
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= leqnzxqIr gqvkA
leqnzxqIr & ¼335 & 375½
• bls Hkkjr dk usiksfy;u bfrgkldkj V.A Smith us dgk FkkA
• blus 12 'kkldks dks nf{k.kiFk esa rFkk 9 'kkldks dks mÙkjkiFk esa ijkftr fd;kA
ER
• vkSj ;g Hkh ,d pØorhZ; lezkV cuk vkSj blus foØekad dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• blus ,d v'oes?k ;K djok;kA
• blus gfj"ks.k dks viuh fot;ks dk o.kZu djus ds fy, bykgkckn LrEHk ys[k ds fy, fu;qDr fd;kA
• leqnzxqIr ,d dfo Fkk vkSj blus dfojkt dh Hkh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
RE
• ;g ,d oh.kkoknd Hkh Fkk vkSj blh ds flDdks ij bls oh.kk oknu djrs gq, fpf=r feyk gSA
• blus ckS) /keZ dks Hkh laj{k.k fn;k D;ksfa d blds njckj esa o'kqca/kq uked ckS) fHkPNqd jgk djrk FkkA
jkexqir ¼375 & 380½
1- L=ksr & ,sj.k vfHkys[k
CA
2- L=ksr & nsohpUnzxqIr

pUnzxqIr – II (380 – 413)
• ;s bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld gqvkA
• ;s Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk izFke 'kkld Fkk ftlus vius njckj esa uojRu j[ks FksA
pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds uojRu
1- vejflag & ;s laLÑr Hkk"kk ,d egku dks"kxkj FkkA
2- /kUoarjhZ & ;s ,d egku dfo FkkA
3- gfj"ks.k & ;s ,d egku dfo FkkA
4- dkfynkl & ;s Hkh ,d egku dfo rFkk ukVddkj FksA
5- {ki.kd & ;s ,d egku T;ksfr"k'kkL=h FkkA
6- 'kadq & ;s ,d egku LFkkiR;dkj FkkA
ILL
7- csrky HkV~V & ;s ,d egku tknwxj FkkA
8- ojkgfefgj & ,d egku [kxksy'kkL=h FkkA
9- oj:fp & ;s ,d laLÑr dk egku fo)ku FkkA
• pUnzxqIr II us :nzlsu III dh gR;k dhA
W
• blds ckn blus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• 399 AD esa ,d phuh ;k=h Qká;ku Hkkjr vk;k Fkk vkSj og Hkkjr esa 15 o"kZ rd jgkA
• pUnzxqIr f}rh; ds 'kkludky esa gh fgUnq /keZ dk lokZf/kd fodkl gqvkA blesa ije~ Hkkxor~ dh Hkh
mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
ER
dqekjxqIr ¼413 & 454½
• 413 A.D blus ukyank fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA tks fd orZeku Hkkjr dk lcls izkphu
fo'ofo|ky; dgk tkrk gSA
;g ckS) f'k{kk ds fy, izfl) Fkk vkSj ;g egku cks/k dk vkdklQksMZ Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
RE
• dqekjxqIr us egsUnzkfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh Fkh vkSj xqIrdky ds lokZf/kd vfHkys[k dqekjxqIr ds gh
FksA
• nwljk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= LdUnxqIr ¼454 & 467½ gqvkA bls bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld
dgk tkrk gSA
CA
• blus fxjukj ioZr ij lqnZ'ku >hy dh nqckjk ejEer djokbZ vkSj blds fy, blus pØikfyr –
Son of – (Govr. Of Gurjrat Parnadatta) dks fu;qDr fd;k FkkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa gq.kks dk izFke & Torman (Torman dks LdUnxqIr us ijkftr fd;k) –
,gksy vfHkys[k ls ;g tkudkjh feyh gSA
,gksy vfHkys[k & Ruler of that time who written the – Pulkasin II (Chalukya
dynasty who written the)
Last Ruler – Vishnugupta – ¼dqekjxqIr – II½
Harshavardhan g"kZo/kZu & (606 – 647)
• bls Hkkjr dk vafre fgUnq 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA

• ;g iq";Hkwfr ¼o/kZu oa'k½ oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld FkkA
bl oa'k dh jkt/kkuh Fkk.ks'oj ¼gfj;k.kk½ Fkh vkSj budh nwljh jkt/kkuh dUukSt FkhA
ILL
•
• blds firk dk uke izHkkdj o/kZu vkSj ekrk ;'kkserh FkhA

• blds cM+s HkkbZ dk uke jkto/kZu vkSj cgu jkT;Jh FkhA
• 606 A.D g"kZ laor~ pyok;kA
• 629 A.D esa izfl) phuh ;k=h g~ou

s lkax Hkkjr vk;k vkSj ;g 16 o"kZ rd Hkkjr esa jgkA
W
• blus ukya;k ls ckS) f'k{kk izkIr dhA
• blus izfl) iqLrd Si yu ki fy[khA
• Hkkjr esa viuh ;k=k ds nkSjku blus xqtjkr ds y[kir vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr ds dk¡phiqje~ dh Hkh
;k=k dhA
ER
• g"kZo/kZu dk njckjh dfo & ck.kHkV~V & Books & g"kZpfj=] dknEcjh
• g"kZo/kZu us uknkuan] jRukoyh] fiz;nf'kZdk fy[kh FkhA
• 647 A.D esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA
iwoZ eè;dkfyu Hkkjr
RE
xqtZj&izfrgkj oa'k
• bl oa'k dk lcls igyk mYys[k iqYdsf'ku&II ds ,sgksy vfHkys[k ls feyk gSA
• bl oa'k dk laLFkkid gfjpUnz FkkA
ysfdu bldk okLrfod laLFkkid ukxHkV~V&I gqvkA
CA
• blus gq.kksa dk vUr Hkkjr ls fd;kA

• Xokfy;j vfHkys[k ¼laLÑr½ esa bldh rqyuk :nz ls dh xbZ gSA
• bl oa'k dk igyk egku 'kkld oRljkt gqvkA
• blus caxky ds iky oa'k ds 'kkld /keZiky dks ijkftr fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= ukxHkV~V gqvkA
• exj bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld fefgj Hkkst ¼836 & 885½ FkkA
• blus vkfnojgk vkSj izHkkl dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• ;g oS".ko /keZ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld efgiky gqvkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa cxnkn dk izfl) ;k=h vyelwnh Hkkjr vk;kA
;g Ñ".kk&III ls ijkftr gqvk tks fd jk"VªdwV oa'k dk 'kkld FkkA
ILL
•
• bl oa'k dk vafre ;'kiky FkkA

• 1836 bZ- esa bl oa'k x<+oky 'kkldks us fd;kA
Xk<+oky oa'k
• bldh jkt/kkuh dUukSt FkhA
W
• bldk laLFkkid pUnznso uked 'kkld us dhA
• blds 'kkludky esa blus rksej 'kkldks dks ijkftr fd;k ftUgksua s blds lkeus vkReleZi.k fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= enuiky FkkA
bl oa'k dk igyk egku'kkld xksfoUn pUnz gqvk vkSj blus foHkk fopkj ok;Lifr dh mikf/k /kkj.k
ER
•
dhA
• bl oa'k dk vafre ,oa lcls yksdfiz; 'kkld t;pUnz gqvkA
• 1194 esa ;g eksgEen xkSjh ls pUnkoj ds ;q) esa ijkftr gqvk vkSj xkSjh us bldh gR;k dj nhA
pkSgku oa'k
RE
• Capital – Shakambari (Near Ajmer)

Founder – oklqnso
• mÙkjkf/kdkjh & flgajkt & Title – egkjkuk f/kjkt

• bl oa'k dk izFke egku 'kkld i`Fohjkt u gqvkA
CA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vt;jkt ¼blus Shakambari ds fudV vtesj uked 'kgj dh
LFkkiuk dhA½ gqvkA
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld i`Fohjkt ¼1178 & 1192½ gqvkA
• 1191 esa blus rjkbZu ds izFke ;q) esa eksgEen xkSjh dks ijkftr fd;kA exj vxys gh o"kZ rjkbZu ds
f}rh; ;q) 1192 esa eksgEen xkSjh us bls ijkftr dj bldh gR;k dhA
pany oa'k
Capital – Khajuraho
Founder – uquqd
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ;'kksoeZu gqvkA

• ;'kksoeZu us [ktqjkgks ds izfl) fo".kq eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld /kax gqvkA
ILL
•
• blus t;iky & is'kkoj dh enn egewn xtuoh ds lkFk ;q) esa dhA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus ftUuukFk eafnj] fo'oukFk eafnj o cStukFk eafnj dk [ktqjkgks esa fuekZ.k
djok;kA
• bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld ijey gqvkA tks fd dqrqcqíhu ,scd ls ijkftr gqvkA ftlus pUnsy oa'k
W
dk vUr fd;kA
ijekj oa'k
Capital – ekyok
Founder – lhed@Jhg"kZ
ER
• bldh igyh jkt/kkuh mTtSu FkhA mlds ckn blus /kkjk dks viuh nwljh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
• bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld Hkkst gqvkA ;s laLÑr dk egku fo)ku ,oa dfo FkkA
• blus dfojkt dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh FkhA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus Hkkstiqj uxj uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj ogh ij blus Hkkst'kkyk
RE
fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA

• 1305 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var vykmíhu f[kyth ds }kjk fd;k x;kA
pkyqD; oa'k
Capital – vfUgyokM+ ¼xqtjkr½
CA
Founder – ewyjkt& I ;k Hkhe & I
• blds 'kkludky esa egewn xtuoh us xqtjkr ds lkseukFk eafnj ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• blus lkseukFk eafnj dk iRFkjks ls iqu% fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld ewyjkt&II ;k Hkhe&II FkkA
• 1178 A.D esa blus ekmaV vkcw esa eksgEen xkSjh dks ijkftr dj mls dSn fd;kA
• 1195 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var dqrqcíhu ,scd ds }kjk fd;k x;kA
Caxky dk iky oa'k
• 8oha 'krkCnh esa bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk xksiky uked 'kkld ds }kjk dh xbZA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= /keZiky gqvkA
blus foØef'kyk fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA
bl oa'k dk vafre egku 'kkld efgiky gqvkA
ILL
•
• ;g nf{k.k Hkkjrh; 'kkld jktsUnz pksy ls ijkftr gqvkA

• Last Ruler – Rampal
• bl oa'k dk vUr cf[r;kj f[kyth us fd;kA
Ckaxky dk lsu oa'k
W
Founder – lkear lsu
1st Great Ruler – fot;lsu
• vius 'kkludky esa blus nks 'kgj clk;sA

1- fot;iqj] 2- foØeiqj
ER
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= HkYyky lsu FkkA
• Greatest Ruler – Laxman Sen
• blus y{e.korh uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
Title – ije~Hkkxor~
RE
• 1202 A.D esa bl oa'k dk var Hkh eksgEen fcu cf[r;kj f[kyth us fd;kA
fgUnq 'kkgh oa'k
Founder – t;iky
Capital – is'kkoj
CA
• 1001 A.D esa ;g egewn xtuoh ls ijkftr gqvk vkSj blus vkRegR;k dj yhA
• vkSj ;g Hkh egewn xtuoh ls nks ckj ijkftr gqvkA

South India
jk"VªdwV oa'k
• ;g oa'k izfrgkj oa'k o iky oa'k ds ledkyhu FkkA
• 8oha 'krkCnh esa bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk narhoeZu ;k narhnqxkZ uked 'kkld us dh FkhA
• blus [kqn dks nf{k.k ds pkyqD;ksa ls Lora= fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh Ñ".k-I gqvkA
• blus pkyqD; oa'k ¼nf{k.k½ dk var fd;kA
blus ,yksjk dh xqQkvksa esa izfl) dSyk'k eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
ILL
•
• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld Ñ".k&II gqvkA

• blus dkaph vksj ratkSj ij vkØe.k djds jk"VªdwV oa'k esa feyk;kA
• blus jkes'oj ij vkØe.k djds dhfrZ LrEHk dh LFkkiuk dhA
• Last Ruler – ddZ&II
W
okdkVd oa'k
Founder – foaè;'kfDr
1st Great Ruler – izcy lsu&I

ER
Title – Samrat & Praveer
• blus 4 v'oes?k ;Kksa dk vk;kstu djok;kA
Greatest Ruler – Rudrasen – II
• blus pUnzxqIr&II dh iq=h izHkkorh ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
ftldk mYys[k iwuk rkez vfHkys[k esa feyrk gSA
RE
•
Cknkeh dk pkyqD; oa'k
Founder – Rulkesin-I
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= dhfrZoeZu&I gqvkA
The greatest Ruler – Pulkesin – II
CA
Title – ijes'oj
• blus g"kZo/kZu dks ueZnk unh ds fdukjs ijkftr fd;kA

• ftldk mYys[k ,gksy vfHkys[k esa feyk gSA
• Pulkesin-II dks ujflag oeZu–I }kjk ijkftr fd;k tks iYyo oa'k dk 'kkld FkkA
Last Ruler – oeZu fo".kq
iYyo oa'k
Founder – Singh Vishnu
• blus ekeEYyiqje~ ds ojkg eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh egsunz oeZu&I gqvkA ftls bl oa'k dk lcls egku 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ujflag oeZu&I gqvkA blh us vius 'kkludky esa egkcfyiqje~ fufUnjks
(Fomous – Rath Temple) dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
ILL
• izfl) phuh ;k=h ásu lkax us blh ds 'kkludky esa dkaph dh ;k=k dhA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ujflag oeZu&II gqvkA
• blus dkaph esa dSyk'kukFk eafnj vkSj egkcfyiqje~ ds lkjs eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
Last Great Ruler – Nandi Verman-II
W
• blus dkaph ds Hkqous'oj eafnj vkSj cSdq.M is:ey eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
Last Ruler – ijes'oj oeZu
pksy oa'k
• 9oha 'krkCnh esa pksy oa'k dh LFkkiuk fot;ky; }kjk dhA
ER
• blus ratkSj ij vkØe.k djds pksy oa'k esa feyk;kA
Title – uj ds'kjh
• igys ;s iYyoks ds njckj esa lkear ¼ea=h½ gqvk djrk FkkA

• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh vkfnR;& I gqvkA
RE
• blus [kqn dks iYyoksa ls Lora= ?kksf"kr fd;kA

Title – dksn.Mjke
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jkt&jkt&I gqvkA

• blds 'kkludky esa blus Jhyadk ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj egsUnzk&5 dks ijkftr fd;kA
CA
• vkSj blds ckn Jhyadk esa ,d f'ko eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA

• blus ratkSj esa jkt jkts'oj eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jktsUnz&I gqvkA
• vius 'kkludky ds 5osa o"kZ blus Jhyadk ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj efgUnk&(v) dks dSn fd;kA
• vkSj 12 o"kks± ds ckn efgUnk&V dks e`R;q naM ns fn;k x;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh jktkf/kjkt&I gqvkA
Last great Ruler – foØepksy gqvkA
Last Ruler – jktsUnz&III
fot;uxj lkezkT; (Vijaynagar Empire)

• fot;uxj lkezkT; dh 'kq:vkr rqxyd oa'k ds lqYrku eksgEen fcu rqxyd ds ledkyhu gqbZA
bl lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk nks Hkkb;ksa us ftuds uke gfjgj ,oa cqDdk FksA ¼1336 esa½
ILL
•
• fot;uxj lkezkT; dh pkj jkt/kkfu;k¡ gqbZA

1- vusxks.Mh] 2- fot;uxj ¼gEih½] 3- csuqxks.Mk] 4- pUnzfxfj
laxe oa'k & ¼1336 & 1485½
Founder – Hariher-I
W
Capital – vusxks.Mh
• 1346 esa blus gks;ly ij vkØe.k dj mls fot;uxj lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1352 esa blus enqjbZ dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk NksVk HkkbZ cqDdk&I gqvkA
ER
•
• 1374 esa bls vius jktnwrks dks phu HkstkA

• blus cgeuh lkezkT; ds 'kkld eksgEen 'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;kA ftlesa bldh ijkt; gqbZA
• blds 'kkludky esa Ñ".kk unh dks fot;uxj vkSj cgeuh lkezkT; dh lhek ekuk tkrk gSA
bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= gfjgj&II gqvkA blus egkjktkf/kjkt dh mikf/k xzg.k dhA
RE
• blus eSlwj] f=pukiYyh vkSj dkaph dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA blus Jhyadk ij Hkh vkØe.k fd;k
vkSj ogk¡ ls jktLo olwykA
• blus cgeuh lkezkT; ds 'kkld fQjkst'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;k ftlesa bls mlls ijkt; feyhA
• blus csyxk¡o o xksok dks Hkh vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
CA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= nsojk;& I gqvkA

• ;g Hkh cgeuh lkezkT; ds fQjkst'kkg ls ijkftr gqvkA
• vkSj fQjkst'kkg us bldh iq=h ds lkFk fookg fd;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= nsojk;& II gqvkA
Title – Immadi Devrai ¼bEekfn nsojk;½
• bldh rqyuk :nznso ls dh xbZ gSA
• blus xtcsVdj dh Hkh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA
• blds 'kkludky esa gh izfl) Qkjlh ;k=h vCnqj jTtkd Hkkjr vk;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= efYydk vtqZu gqvkA
• blds 'kkludky esa izfl) phuh ;k=h egqvku Hkkjr vk;kA
Last Ruler – fo:i{k&II
ILL
Saluva Dynesty lkyqo oa'k
• fo:ik{k&II ds gh lkeUr ujflag lkyqo us bldh gR;k djds fot;uxj lkezkT; esa lkyqo oa'k dh
LFkkiuk dhA
• blus viuk iz/kkuea=h ujlk uked dks fu;qDr fd;kA
W
• ujlkuk;d us ujflag lkyqo dh gR;k djds fot;uxj lkezkT; dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Last Ruler – Immadi Narsingh
• ;g vius gh iz/kkuea=h ohj ujflag ds }kjk ekjk x;kA
• ftlus fot;uxj lkezkT; esa ,d u;s lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dhA
ER
rqyqo oa'k
Founder – Veer Narsingh
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk NksVk HkkbZ Ñ".knso jk; gqvkA
blh dks fot;uxj lkezkT; dk lcls egku 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
RE
Ñ".knso jk; ¼1509 & 1529½

• 1513 A.D esa blus mn;fxfj ij vkØe.k djds mls fot;uxj lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1520 A.D esa blus ohtkiqj dks vius lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• 1510 A.D esa iqrZxkyh xouZj vYQklksa&Mh&vYcqdZd us Saint Louis dks njckj esa HkstkA
CA
• Ñ".knso jk; ds njckj esa 8 egku dfo gqvk djrs Fks vkSj muds lewg dks fot;uxj lkezkT; dk
v"B fnXxt dgk tkrk gSA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks fot;uxj ls ukaXyk Qj LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• ;g eqxy ckn'kkg ckcj ds ledkyhu Fkk vkSj ckcj us bls viuh vkRedFkk esa Hkkjr dk lcls
'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld crk;k gSA
• blus gtkjk eafnj vkSj fo.My nso eafnj dk fuekZ.k fot;uxj lkezkT; esa djok;k FkkA
• ;s oS".ko /keZ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= vPpq;r nsojk; gqvkA bls bl oa'k dk vafre egku'kkld dgk tkrk
gSA
Title – egke.Mys'oj
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh lnkf'o uke dk 'kkld gqvkA tks bl oa'k dk vafre 'kkld FkkA
ILL
• blds 'kkludky esa 1565 A.D esa rkyhdksVk dk izfl) ;q) fot;uxj lkezkT; vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr ds
fofHkUu eqfLye 'kkldksa ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eqfLye 'kkldks us fot;uxj lkezkT; dks u"V fd;kA
vkjohMq oa'k
W
Founder – fr:eky
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks osuqxks.Mk LFkkukarfjr fd;kA

• bl oa'k dk egku 'kkld osdsaV&II gqvkA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks pUnzfxfj LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
ER
• Last Ruler of this dynasty and also of Vijaynagar Empire was – Sri Rang-III
RE
CA
Medieval & Modern History By Abhishek Suman Sir
ILL
W
Prohistoric
1. Indus Valley Civilisation
2. Vedic Civilisation
Islam
ER
Founder – Hazrat Mohammad Sahab
Birth – 570 A.D in Macca
Enlightment – 610 – Enlightment in Heera cave (7th century)
– 622 – AD He shifted Macca to Madhina
RE
622 – Hizri Samvat
4- mÙkjkf/kdkjh
CA
1 2 3 4
Abu Baker Umar Usman Ali
Suni ¼lqUuh½ Shiya ¼f'k;k½
Son – Hussain
Moharram
¼gqlSu dh e`R;q ij½

Medieval India ¼eè;dkyhu Hkkjr½
Hkkjr esa vjcks dk vkØe.k
1- eksgEen fcu dkfle ¼712 & 714½
• Hkkjr ij vkØe.k djus okyk igyk eqfLye FkkA blus fla/kq ij vkØe.k djds nkfgj ¼fgUnq 'kkld½
uked 'kkld dks gjk;k FkkA
• Hkkjr esa tft;k dj yxkus okyk igyk eqfLye fkkA
1 2
¼dqy vk; dk ls Hkkx rd½
2 3
fodykax] fo/kok o czkã.kksa dks ugha nsuk gksrk FkkA
• blus Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDds pyk;s ftUgs fnjge (UAE) dh flDds dgrs gSA
Books
rqdZ vkØe.k
1. Mohmood Gajnavi egewn xtuoh (1000 – 1027)
Central Asia 
 Ghazni  Founder Alaptgin 
 Ghazni Dynesty  Slave Subuktigin
(Present Afganis tan) 

Mehmood Ghaznavi 998
• ¼1000 &1027½ rd esa blus Hkkjr ij 17 ckj vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1st – igyk vkØe.k 1000 esa is'kkoj ds 'kkld t;iky ij fd;kA
– 1001 A.D esa t;iky dks gjk;kA
– 1006 A.D esa fgekpy izns'k ds Nagarkot Temple ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1008 A.D esa vkuUn iky t;iky ds csVs dks gjk;kA
• 1011-12 esa blus eFkqjk vkSj mTtSu ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1014 Sthaneshwas (Chakrna Swami (Lord Krishna dh ewfrZ dks [kafMr djok;k )
Mahadev eafnj ¼gfj;k.kk½ ij vkØe.k fd;kA

• blus 16ok¡ vkØe.k lkseukFk eafnj ¼xqtjkr½ ij fd;kA (1025 AD es)a ml le; xqtjkr dk 'kkld
Hkhe&izFke Fkk tks pkyqD; oa'k dk FkkA
• 1027 blus viuk vkf[kjh vkØe.k tkVks ij fd;k FkkA
• 1030 esa bldh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA
• lkseukFk eafnj dks igyh ckj iRFkjks ls Hkhe izFke us cuok;k FkkA
• og lqYrku vkSj xkth dh mikf/k /kkj.k djus okyk igyk 'kkld FkkA
Writer–
1. Al Baruni – 1014 esa Hkkjr vk;k FkkA
Book – Kitab-Ul-Hindi/ Tehqiq-E-Hind
2. Book  Shahnama
Firdausi 
3. Book
Utabi   Chachnama (Persion language)
4. Book
Vehaqi    Tariq  E  Subukdin
2. Mohammad Ghori ¼eksgEen xkSjh½ & 1175-1206
• 1st vkØe.k eqYrku ds djek;h tkfr ds eqlyekuksa ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1178 blus xqtjkr ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1178& esa Moolrong-II us Mohammad Ghari dks Mount Abu ¼fnyokM+k dk tSu eafnj½ esa
ijkftr fd;kA
• 1179& esa blus Sindh vkSj Kashmir ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1191 –1st Battle of Tarain

• 1192 – 2nd Battle of Tarain
• 1193 – esa Mohammad Ghari us Delhi dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA

• 1192 – khwaja Moinuddin Chisti vtesj esa viuh dqfV;k cukbZA
• 1194 – Battle of Chandawar b/w Mohammad Ghori & Jaichand Mohammad
Ghori defeated and killed Jaichand.
Slave1 SoninLaw Qutubuddin Aibak (1)
Mohammad Ghori  & 
Slave 2
  Yaldauj (2)
Slave 3
 Kubacha (3)
Slave 4
  Bakhtiyar Khilji (4)

1204-04 esa ukyank fo'ofo|ky; dks
u"V djukA bldh Lfkkiuk xqIr oa'k ds
'kkld dqekj xqIr us 413 bZ- esa dh FkhA
(Oldest University) of present
India
• 1194 esa dqOor&my&bLyke efLtn fnYyh esa
• v<+kbZ fnu dk ¼efLtn½ >ksiM+k vtesj esa ;s nksuksa efLtn Muhammad bin aibak us cuok;k
FkkA
• dqrqcqnhu ,scd ds xq: & Qutubbdin Baktiyar Alkaki bUgha ds uke ij 1199 esa dqrqcehukj
dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k rFkk bldks iw.kZ djkus okyk 1229 esa bYrqrfe'k FkkA
• 1206 esa eksgEen xksjh dh e`R;q ds ckn ,scd dks Hkkjr dk 'kklu feykA rFkk
Yalduj dks – Ghazni dk 'kklu
Kubacha dks – dkcqy vkSj dangkj
Delhi Sultanate – fnYyh lYrur ¼1206 & 1526½
1. Slave Dynasty & xqyke oa'k & 1206&1290
• Qutubbudin Aibak (1206 – 10)
• bldh igyh jkt/kkuh ykgkSj FkhA
• 'kkld cuus ds ckn blus viuh turk esa yk[kks :i;s dk nku fd;kA blfy, ykgkSj dh turk us
bls yk[kEc'k dh mikf/k nhA
• ,scd dk eryc pUnzek dk nsork gksrk gSA
• ;g bfrgkl dk bdykSrk 'kkld Fkk ftlus dHkh Hkh flagklu dk bLrseky ugha fd;kA
• blus vius xqyke bYrqrfe'k dks cnk;q¡ dk jkT;iky fu;qDr fd;kA
• 1210 bZ- esa pkSxku (Polo) [ksyrs le; ?kksM+s ls fxjdj bldh e`R;q gqbZA
• bldk edcjk ykgkSj esa gSA
• 1210& bZ esa bldk csVk vkjke'kkg xn~nh ij cSBkA

• 1211 esa bYrqrfey'k us vkjk'kkg dh e`R;q dh vkSj xqykeoa'k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
2. Illutamish bYrqrfe'k (1211 – 1236)
• ;g Hkkjr dk igyk lqYrku FkkA D;ksafd bls lqYrku dh mikf/k [kyhtk ls izkIr gqbZ FkhA vkf[kjh
lqYrku bczkfge yksnh FkkA
• 1205 esa Yaldaug us Iltutamish ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj rjkbZu dk rhljk ;q) yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa Iltutamish us Yaldauj dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 1221 esa paxst [kk¡ ¼rSefw pu & eaxksfy;k½ dk vkØe.k gqvkA
• blus pk¡nh ,oa rkacs ds flDds pyok;k ftlesa pk¡nh ds flDds dks Vdk rFkk rkacs dks ftry dgk¡
tkrk FkkA (Regular currency)
• bYrqrfe'k esa Turkan-E-Chahalgani/Dal-Chalisa pyok;kA
• blus bDrk izFkk & ¼;q) esa thrs x;s tehuksa dks lSfudksa esa ckaV fn;k tkrk FkkA½ dh Hkh 'kq:vkr dh
FkhA 
izkIr & bLrsnkj dgykrs Fks] rFkk dj olwyus dks bErsnkjh dgk¡ tkrk FkkA
• 1229 esa bYrqrfe'k us dqrqcehukj dk fuekZ.k iwjk djok;k rFkk blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks ykgkSj ls
fnYyh Lfkkukarfjr fd;kA
• bYrqrfe'k us viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh viuh csVh jft;k dks ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• 1236 esa bYrqrfe'k dh e`R;q gks xbZA
• bldk edcjk fnYyh ds dqrqcehukj ifjlj esa gSA
• 1236 esa bYrqrfe'k dh ?kks"k.kk ds fo:) tkdj bldk cM+k csVk & Rukudin Ferozshah
flagklu ij cSBkA
3. Rajia Sultan (1236 – 40)
• ;g fnYyh dh izFke vkSj ,dek= efgyk 'kkld FkhA
• blus Aitgin ,rfxu dks  Badayun dk bErsnkj rFkk
Altuniya vYrqfu;k dks  Bhatinda dk bErsnkj cuk;kA
• Yakut khan  Amir-E-Aakhoor vkehj&,&vk[kwj ¼'kkgh vLrcy dk ea=h½

jft;k lqYrku dk izseh
• 1240 esa vYrqfu;k us jft;k lqYrku ds f[kykQ fonzksg fd;kA

• vYrqfu;k us ;kdwr [kku dh gR;k dh vkSj jft;k lqYrku dks dSn dj fy;kA
• bl fonzksg ds ckn 1240 esa ny pkyhlk ¼cgjke'kkg½ us jft;k lqYrku vkSj vYrqfu;k dh gR;k dSFky
esa dhA
• jft;k lqYrku dk edcjk gfj;k.kk ds dSFky esa gSA
4. Bahram Shah (1240 – 42)

5. Nasiruddin Mahmood (1246 – 1265)
• blus cyoar dks othj fu;qDr fd;kA
• vkSj cyoar dks mywe [kk¡ dh mikf/k fn;kA
6. Gyasuddin Balban (1265 – 1287)
• lqYrku cuus ds ckn cycu us Þny pkyhlkß dk var fd;kA
• cycu us fnYyh esa ÞykSg ,oa jDrß dh uhfr pyokbZA
Note – Germany esa ykSg ,oa jDr dh uhfr Bismark us pykbZ FkhA
• blh us flTnk ikbusl izFkk pykbZ FkhA vkSjaxtsc us bls [kRe fd;kA
• cycu us uojkSt R;ksgkj dks eukus dh 'kq:vkr dhA Qkjlh & ¼bZjku½ uo o"kZ dks gh uojkst dgrs
gSaA
• bl ykSgkj dks vkSjaxtsc }kjk [kRe fd;k x;k FkkA
• 1287 esa eaxksyksa dk rhljh ckj vkØe.k gqvk vkSj bl vkØe.k esa cycu dk csVk 'kgtknk eksgEen
ekjk x;kA
• 1827 esa cycu vius iq= dh e`R;q ls nq[kh gksdj bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
7. Quiqubad (1287 – 1290)
• Malik Firoj us dSdqckn dk fo'okl thr dj Punjab dk bDrsnkj cu x;kA
• Malik Firoj us 1290 esa dSdckn dh gR;k djkdj dSlqlZ dks xn~nh ij cSBk;kA
• 1290 esa dSlqlZ dks Malik Firoz }kjk xn~nh ls gVk;k x;kA
• Malik Firoz us f[kyth oa'k dh Lfkkiuk dhA ;g rqdZ dk FkkA
Khilji Dynesty – f[kyth oa'k (1290 – 1320)
1. Jalaluddin Firoj Khilji – 1290 – 96
• bldk okLrfod uke efyd fQjkst FkkA
• 1293 esa blus Devgiri ds 'kkld jkepUnz nso ij vkØe.k fd;kA ;g nf{k.k esa eqlyekuksa dk igyk
vkØe.k FkkA
• Jalaluddin Firoj Khilji dk Hkrhtk Alaluddin Khilji ¼vyh xqj'kkL;½ Kara
(Kaushambl-UP) dk bDrsnkj FkkA
• 1296 esa eaxksyksa dk pkSFkh ckj vkØe.k gqvkA
• vkSj bl vfHk;ku ij tykyqíhu us vykmíhu dks HkstkA
• vykÅíhu us bl vkØe.k esa eaxksys dks ijkftr fd;kA
• eaxksy ds 2000 lSfud fnYyh esa gh :d x;s vkSj tykyqíhu us bldk /keZ eqfLye esa cnyok fn;kA
vkSj fnYyh esa buds jgus ds fy, ,d 'kgj eqxyiqj clk;kA ;gh uohu eqfLye dgyk,¡A
• ;g 2000 lSfud ckS) /keZ ds vuq;k;h FksA
• 1296 esa vykmíhu us tykyqíhu f[kyth dh gR;k djkbZ vkSj fnYyh dk vxyk lqYrku cukA
Albuddin Khilji 1296 & 1316

• laLÑr ds tks/kiqj vfHkys[k esa bldh rqyuk nsork ls dh x;h gSA
• ;g fnYyh lYru esa LFkkbZ lsuk j[kus okyk izFke lqYrku Fkk vkSj blh us lsuk dks udn osru nsus
dh 'kq:vkr dh FkhA
• vkehj [kqljksa & (Birth – Patiali, Kashgang, U.P) blds njckj dks izfl) dfo FksA
& rksrk&,&fgUn
& Sitar vkSj Tabla cuk;k
& [kM+h cksyh
& dOokyh x;dh
& bUgksua s Kashmir dks /kjrh dk LoxZ dgk (Paradise of Earth)
Note:-
1- Khajjair dks Hkkjr dk Switzerland dgk tkrk gSA
2- Mahatma Gandhi ds fy, Hkkjr dk Switzerland Kaushoni (U.K) gSA
• vehj [kqljks us [kelk&,&[kqljks uked Book fy[khA
• bUgksaus cycu ds 'kkludky ls gh vius dfo thou dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• ;g cycu ls ysdj eksgEen fcu rqxyd rd ds 'kkludky esa FksA
• bUgksaus vykíhu f[kyth dks lqYrku&,&tgku dh mikf/k nhA
• ;g futkmíhu vkSfy;k ds f'k"; FksA
• 1298 esa vykmíhu f[kyth xqtjkr vfHk;ku ij x;kA
• ;g xqtjkr ls efyd dkQwj ¼fdUuj½ dks [kjhn dj yk;kA
• bldks 1000 esa [kjhnk x;k blfy, bls 1000 fnukjh dgrs gSA
• eyhd dkQwj bldk lsukifr FkkA
• 1303 esa Allauddin Khilji Chittor Mission ij x;kA
• inekor~ miU;kl esa bldk o.kZu ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
• inekor~ miU;kl & Malik Mohammad Jaysi (1540 – 1545) esa fy[kh FkhA
• 'ksj'kkg lwjh ds 'kkludky esa fy[kk FkkA
• 1306 esa Allauddin Khilji us viuk South India Mission dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• bl vfHk;ku ij blls Malik Kataar dks HkstkA
• 1308 esa Malik Katar us Telangana ds 'kkld Pratap Rudra dev (Kakatiya dynesty)
ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• Malik Katar us Pratap Rudra Dev ls Kohinoor heera (diamond) izkIr fd;kA
• ;g ghjk lcls igys vykmíhu f[kyth dks feyk FkkA
• ;g ghjk xksydqat ¼gSnjkckn½ ls fudkyk x;k FkkA
• nf{k.k Hkkjr rd lkezkT; dk foLrkj djus ds ckn Allauddin Khilji us Sikander-E-Sani
(Alxender-2) dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA

• blds ckn blus turk ij tft;k (Non-Muslim) vkSj tdkr (Muslim nsrs Fks) yxk;kA
• blds vykok Hkh blus fuEu dj yxk;s&
1. House Tax – /kjbZ
2. Agriculture Tax – Ñf"k dj
3. Eargation Tax – flapkbZ dj
4. Animals feeding Tax – pjbZ dj
• blus ,d dj foHkkx cuk;kA ftls Diwan-E-Moosat Kharaj' dgk tkrk FkkA
• blus Masahat System dh 'kq:vkr dhA Hkwfe ukius dh izFkk dks Masahat System dgrs FksA
• cktkjksa esa oLrqvksa dk ewY; fu/kkZfjr djus okyk ;g izFke lqYrku FkkA
• blus gh Huliya-Dog-System dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• bl izFkk dks 'ksj'kkg lwjh us Hkh viuk;k FkkA
• blus fnYyh esa fuEu Lekjd cuok;s&
1- vykbZ feukj
2- vykbZ njoktk
3- f'kjh dk feyk
4- gkSt&[kkl
• 1316 esa Allauddin Khilji dh e`R;q gqbZ FkhA bldk edcjk fnYyh esa gSA
Mubarak Shah Khilji 1316 – 1320
• efgykvksa ds diM+s ;k fcuk diM+s xgus gh njckj esa vk tk;k djrk FkkA
• ;g [kqn dks [kyhQk ?kksf"kr djus okyk fnYyh dk ,dek= 'kkld FkkA
• 1320 esa xkth efyd us bls flagklu ls gVkdj rqxyd oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Tughlaq Dynesty – (1320 – 1414)
1. Giyassuddin Tughlaq (1320 – 1325)
• blh us Delhi esa rqyxydkckn uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
• flapkbZ ds fy, ugjksa dk fuekZ.k djokus okyk igyk 'kkld FkkA
• blus 1323 esa vius csVs Jauna Khan dks Telengana Mission ij Hkstk vkSj blus
Telangana dks Tughlaq jkT; esa feyk;k vkSj rsyaxkuk dk uke cnydj Sultapur j[kkA
• gtjr&fetkeqíhu & (Mehboob-E-Ilani) vkSfy;k uked lwQh lar blds njckj esa FksA
• 1325 esa cqxkjk [kku ¼caxky dk bLrsnkj½ us fnYyh ds lYrur ds f[kykQ fonzksg dj fn;kA
• 1325 esa ydM+h ds egy esa X;klqíhu rqxyd dh gR;k dj nh x;hA bldk edcjk fnYyh ds
rqxydkckn esa gSA
• bldh e`R;q ds ckn bldk csFk tkSu [kku vxyk 'kkld cukA
2. Mohammad Bin Tughlaq (1325 – 1351)
• okLrfod uke & tkSuk [kku

• bls ikxy lqYrku dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g vjch vkSj Qkjlh Hkk"kk dk egku fo}ku FkkA
• blds 'kkludky esa 1330 bZ- esa nf{k.k vÝhdk ;k=h ¼eksjDdks dk½ bCcucrwrk blds njckj esa vk;k
FkkA
• blus bCucrwrk dks viuk Qkjlh fu;qDr fd;kA
• vkSj bCucrwrk us jgsyk uked iqLrd fy[khA
• jsgyk ds vuqlkj d'ehj] CywfpLrku o jktiwrkuk dks NksM+dj lEiw.kZ fgUnqLrku ij Mohammad
bin Tughlaq dk 'kklu FkkA
• fnYyh lYrur esa lcls cM+h osru izkIr lsuk blh dh FkhA
• bl iqLrd esa Hkkjr vkSj eksjDdks ds chp O;kikj dk o.kZu gSA
• jsgyk esa nqfu;k dk lcls izfl) o le`) 'kgj fnYyh dks crk;k gSA
• lrh izFkk ij izfrca/k yxkus dk iz;kl djus okyk ;g izFke lqYrku FkkA
Note:- Hkkjr esa lrh izFkk dh 'kq:vkr xqIr dky esa ¼319 & 540½ gqbZ FkhA
Note:- lrh izFkk ij Ban yxkus okys 'kkld

I – Ferozshah Rughlaq
II – Akbar
III – Aurangzeb
• 1829 esa Hkkjr esa lrh izFkk dk iw.kZr;k mDr Lord William Bantik
• M.B.T ds gh 'kkludky esa lokZf/kd fonzksg gq,A
• Mangolo dk 5th ckj vkØe.k gqvk FkkA

Failure Decision
1- blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks fnYyh ls nkSyrkckn LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
2- Khurasan vfHk;ku dh foQyrk
3- nksvkc {ks= esa dj o`f) (Agriculture Dep – Diwan – E – koni)

• djkfpy vfHk;ku dh foQyrkA
• 1351 bZ- esa fla/k esa fonzkgs ds nkSjku bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
3. Ferozshah Tughlaq (1351 – 1388)
• bls fnYyh lYrur dk vdcj dgk tkrk gSA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus 6 'kgj clk;sA
1. Hisar – (Feroza)
2. Fatehabad – (Son-Fateh Khan) ds uke ij
3. Ferozpur
4. Ferozshah Kotla
5. Ferozabad – (Glass city of India)
6. Jaunpur Shiraj-E-Hind dgrs gSA (Jauna Khan (M.B.T cM+k HkkbZ ds uke ij½
• flapkbZ ds fy, lcls T;knk ugjs cuokus okyk 'kkld FkkA
• blus fljlk esa ,d ugj dk fuekZ.k djok;k vkSj blus ogk¡ 1200 ckx cuck;sA
• blds v'kksd ds Topra LraHk vkSj Meerut LrEHk dks fnYyh LFkkukarfjd fd;kA
• blus txUukFk eafnj dks u"V djok;k vkSj Tokykeq[kh eafnj dks ywVk FkkA
• blds ckn blus czkã.kksa ij Hkh tft;k dj yxk;kA
• 1369 esa blus dqrqcehukj dh 4th vkSj 5th eafty dk iquZfuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• turk dks vkfFkZd enn nsus ds fy, blus ,d foHkkx cuok;k ftls Diwan-E-Khairat rFkk ,d
vLirky Dar-ul-Shifa dk fuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• lrh izFkk dks izfrcaf/kr djus okyk izFke lqYrku FkkA
• 1388 esa bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• rqxyd oa'k dk vafre 'kkld Narinuddin Mahmood – (1394 – 1414) FkkA
• 1398 esa fnYyh lYrur ij rSewj dk vkØe.k gqvkA

• Khijna Khan ds }kjk N. Mohmood dks flagklu ls gVk;k x;k ftlus Hkkjr ds izFke fl;k
oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Sayyad Dynesty – lS;n oa'k (1414 – 1451)
• bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk Khijra Khan us dh FkhA ftlus 1414 ls 1429 rd 'kklu fd;kA
• dqrqcqíhu ,scd ds ckn ;g fnYyh lYrur dk ,dek= 'kkld Fkk ftlus lqYrku dh mikf/k ugha yh
FkhA
Mubarak Shah 1421 – 1434
Wazir – Bahlol – Afgani
Title – Khan–E–Khana dh mikf/k cgyksy dks nhA
Mohammad Shah (1434 – 1445)
blus Bahlol dks viuk iq= ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• Allauddin Alam Shah (1445 – 1451)
• 1451 esa Allauddin Alamshah us viuk flagklu cgyksy dks lefiZr fd;kA
Cgyksy us Hkkjr esa izFke vQxkuh oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Lodhi Dynesty (1451 – 1526)
• yksnh oa'k dh LFkkiuk cgyksy yksnh us dh FkhA
Bahlol Lodhi (1451 – 1489)
lqYrku cuus ds ckn blus vius uke ds cgyksyh flDds pyok;sA
• blus tkSuiqj ij vkØe.k djds mls yksnh oa'k esa feyk;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= gqvk tks bl oa'k dk egku 'kklu gqvkA
Sikander Lodhi (1489 – 1517)
• 17-May-1498 Vasco De Gama dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu gqvkA
• 1504 esa Sikander Lodhi us vkxjk 'kgj dh LFkkiuk ;equk unh ds fdukjs dhA ftls fldUnjckn
ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA
• blus vkxjk esa ckcjx<+ dk fdyk cuok;kA
• 1506 esa blus jkt/kkuh fnYyh ls vkxjk LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• fldUnj yks/kh ,d dfo FkkA ;s xqy:[kh uke ls dfork,¡ fy[krk FkkA
• blus vk;qoZsn ij izfl) iqLrd Farhange Sikandri fy[khA

• blus ukius dh ,d ubZ bdkbZ pyk;hA ftls Ghaz-E-Sikandar FkkA Sikandari Ghaz dgrs
FksA
1 Sikandari Ghaz – 30 inches
• blus Hkh dqrqcehukj dh ejEer djokbZA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkj mldk iq= gqvk tks fnYyh lYrur dk vkf[kjh lqYrku gqvkA
Ibrahim lodhi (1517 – 1526)
•
blesa Ranga Sanga ;s Ibrahim Lodhi dks ijkftr fd;kA

• blds pkpk & Daulat Khan Lodhi – Punjab ds lwcns kj
– Aalam Khan Lodhi – fnYyh ds lwcn s kj
• 1519 esa Hkkjr ij ckcj dk vkØe.k Bajaur (Sindh) – Bhergah fort esa gqvk FkkA
• 1520 & 1521 rd 3 attacks fd;s Sindh vkSj Kashmir ijA
• 21 vizSy] 1526 esa ikuhir dk izFke ;q) yM+k x;kA ckcj vkSj bczkfge yksnh ds chpA
• ftls ckcj us bczkfge yksnh dh gR;k djds eqxy oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
• fnYyh lYrur dk ,dek= lqYrku tks ;q) esa yM+rs gq, ekjk x;k FkkA
• bldk edcjk ikuhir esa gSA
Mughal Dybesty (1526 – 1707 – 1857)
Babur – 1526 – 1530
• ckcj dk tUe 14 Qjojh] 1483 esa rqdZ ds Qjxuk esa gqvk FkkA blds firk dk uke Uman
Sheikh Mirza tks rSewj ds ifjokj ls rFkk bldh ekrk Qutlugh Nigar Begham tks paxt s
[kk¡ ds ifjokj lsA
• 1494 esa ek= 11 o"kZ dh vk;q vius firk dh e`R;q ds ckn ;g Qjxuk dk 'kkld cukA
• vkSj vxys 8 lky 1494&1502 rd rqdhZ ds Samarkand ij jkt fd;kA
• ckcj vkSj 'kSck;h [kku ds eè; lj&,&iqy dk ;q) yM+k x;k ftlesa ckcj dks ijkt; feyhA
• 1504 esa dkcqy vkSj da/kkj ij jkt fd;kA
• 1507 esa blus ckn'kkg dh mikf/k fy;kA
• 1526 esa ikuhir dk izFke ;q) yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa blus rqxykek i)fr ;q) iz.kkyh dk bLrseky fd;kA
• vkSj blus mLekuh fof/k ls vius rksiksa dks vkxs ltk;k FkkA

• blds rksi pkyd & Ustad Ali o Mustafa Khan FksA
• ckcj us bczkfge yksnh dh gR;k dj nhA
• Kabuli Bagh rFkk Kabuli mosque dk fuekZ.k ikuhir esa fd;kA
• Kabul – Sharukh Coins o Kandhar – Babari coins esa pk¡nh ds flDds pyok;s
• dkcqy dh turk us bls dyanj dh mikf/k nhA
• eqxy oa'k dh igyh jkt/kkuh vkxjk FkhA
• 1527 esa [kkuok¡ dk ;q)
• [kkuok¡ ds ;q) ds nkSjku blus ftgkn dk ftØ fd;k FkkA

• jk.kk lkaxk dks ijkftr dj blus xkth dh mikf/k yhA
• 1528 esa pansjh dk ;q) ckcj o esfnuh jk; ds chp yM+k x;k FkkA
• esfnuh jk; dh gR;k dj nhA
• pansjh ds ;q) ds nkSjku ckcj us tkSgj ns[kk FkkA
• 1527&28 esa v;ksè;k esa ckojh efLtn dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• ehj ckdh us ckcjh efLtn dk fuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• 1529 esa ?kk?kjk dk ;q) yM+k x;kA
Ckcj vkSj vQxkuksa ds eè; yM+k x;k FkkA
• 1530 esa ek= 47 lky dh mez esa bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• igys bldk edcjk vkxjk ds vkjkeckx esa nQuk;k x;k rFkk ckn esa bls dkcqy esa nQuk;k x;kA
•

• ckxokuh o <ksy uxjksa dk 'kkSfdu Fkk ckcjA
Humayun (1530 – 40, 1555 – 56)
• gqek;w¡ dk tUe 1508 bZ- esa dkcqy esa gqvk FkkA

Mehmod Lodhi – Bangal – Brother of Ibrahim Lodhi
Sher Khan – Bihar
Bahadur Shah – Gujrat
• blus igyk Attack dkfyatj ds fdys ij fd;kA ml le; ;gk¡ dk 'kkld Pratap Rudra Dev
FkkA
• bl ;q) esa nksgfj;k dk ;q) gqek;w¡ vkSj egewn yksnh ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa egewn yksnh dks ijkftr dj mldh gR;k dj nhA
• vc fcgkj vkSj caxky dk 'kkld 'ksj [kku cu x;kA tks pqukjx<+ ¼fcgkj esa½ ds fdys esa jgus yxk
FkkA
• 1532 esa gqek;w¡ us pqukjx<+ ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1533 esa gqek;w¡ esa cgknqj 'kkg dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 1538 esa gqek;w¡ us nqckjk pqukjx<+ ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1539 esa pkSlk dk ;q) gqek;w¡ vkSj 'ksj[kku ds eè; yx x;kA vkSj bl ;q) esa 'ksj[kku us gqek;w¡ dks
ijkftr fd;kA
• Nizam uked ukfod us gqek;w¡ dh tku cpk;hA
• pkSlk dk ;q) thrus ds ckn 'ksj[kku us 'ksj'kkg dh mikf/k yhA
• ,d fnu dk ckn'kkg & futke ¼ukfod½ dks cuk;k vkSj blh ds lEeku esa peM+s ds flDds pyok,¡A
• 1540 esa & fcyxzke ;k dUukSt dk ;q) yx x;k tks fd gqek;w¡ dks ijkftr dj lwjh oa'k dh LFkkiuk
dhA
• 1541 esa gqek;wa us gfenk ckuks csxe ds lkFk fookg fd;kA

• blds ckn gqek;wa jktLFkku ds vejdksV ds jktk fcjlky ds ikl x;kA
• 15 vDVwcj 1942 esa jktLFkku ds vejdksV ds jktk fcjlky ds egy esa vdcj dk tUe gqvk FkkA
• vdcj ds cpiu dk uke cn:íhu FkkA
• 1545 esa blus vius HkkbZ dkejku dh gR;k dj dkcqy vkSj da/kkj ij vf/kdkj fd;kA
• dkcqy esa cSje[kku bldk lsukifr cukA
• 1554 & esa is'kkoj
• 1555 & esa ykgkSj ij vf/kdj fd;kA
• 1555 esa & ePNhokM+k dk ;q) gqek;w¡ o ulhc[kku ds eè; yx x;kA vkSj ulhc[kku dks ijkftr
fd;kA
• 1555 & esa ljfgUn dk ;q) yM+k x;kA tks fd gqek;w¡ vkSj fldUnj lwjh ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• fldUnj lwjh dks gjkdj gqek;wa us nksckjk eqxy oa'k dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA
• 1556 & fnYyh esa iqLrdky; dh lhf<+;ksa ls fxjdj bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• fnYyh esa fnuiukg uked 'kgj clk;k FkkA
• gqek;wa dk edcjk fnYyh esa gSA
• blds edcjs dk fuekZ.k gkth csxe us djok;k FkkA
• bldh thouh dk uke gqek;w¡ukek gS ftldks xqycnu csxe ¼bldh cgu½ us fy[kkA
• vQhe dk vknh FkkA
Suri Dynasty lwjh oa'k 1540 & 1555
• bldk laLFkkid 'ksj'kkg lwjh FkkA
Shershah Suri (1540 – 1545)
• bldk tUe 1486 esa iatkc ds gksf'k;kjiqj esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke Qjhn FkkA
• blds firk glu [kk¡ tkS/kiqj ds tehankj FksA
• bldh izkjafHkd f'k{kk tkSuiqj ds tehankj FksA
• f'k{kk iw.kZ djus ds ckn Qjhn cgkj[kku yksgkuh & fcgkj dk 'kkld dk vaxj{kd cukA
• cgkj[kku yksgkuh us bls 'ksj[kku dh mikf/k nhA
• cgkj[kku yksgkuh dh e`R;q ds ckn blus bldh fo/kok ls fudkg dj fcgkj ij jkT; djuk 'kq:
fd;kA

• blh us Hkkjr dh lcls izfl) lM+d 'ksj'kkg lwjh ekxZ dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
& lksukj xk¡o ls & is'kkoj rd
& 1700 ljk; dk fuekZ.k cl lM+d ij djok;kA
& dkslehukj dk fuekZ.k djok;k ¼gj 2 ehy ij½
& orZeku esa ve`rlj ls dksydkrk rd gSA (GT Road)
• blds }kjk pyok;s x;s flDds dks :Ik;k dgk tkrk Fkk tks pk¡nh ds Fks vkSj rk¡cs ds flDds pyok;s
ftUgsa & nke dgk tkrk gSA
(India, Pakistan, Nepal, Srilanka, Maunitious, Indonesia, Maldvies, Schelles)
• blh us gh vius 'kkludky esa Mkd lsokvks dk izpyu djok;kA
¼Mkd foHkkx dh 'kq:vkr & MygkSth½
• blus gqfy;k nkx izFkk dks Hkh viuk;k FkkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa efyd ekSgEen tk;lh us inokor~ miU;kl fy[kkA
• 1545 esa & dkfyatj vfHk;ku ij mEek vLr ¼rksi dk xksyk½ pykus ds dkj.k bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• bldk edcjk fcgkj ds lklkjk; esa gS tks mlus [kqn cuok;kA
• blds rhu mÙkjkf/kdkjh gq,&
1- bLyke 'kkg lwjh
2- vkfny 'kkg lwjh
3- fldUnj lwjh
• vkfny'kkg lwjh dk iz/kkuea=h gsew FkkA
• fnYyh ds flagklu ij cSBus okyk vafre fganq 'kkld gsew FkkA
Akbar & vdcj & (1556 – 1605)
• bldk tUe 15 vDVwcj] 1542 dks jktLFkku ds vejdksV esa gqvkA
• gqek;w¡ dh e`R;q dh le; vdcj o cSjejoku nksuksa iatkc ds xqjnkl iqj ¼dkykukSj½ fe'ku ij FksA
• gqek;wa dh e`R;q ds Ik'pkr~ gsew us fnYyh ij vkØe.k djds eqxy flagklu ij vf/kdkj fd;kA
• blus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh vkSj fnYyh dk 'kkld gsepUnz foØekfnR; ds uke ls cukA
• cSje[kku us dkykukSj esa gh 13 o"kZ dh mez esa vdcj dk jkT;kfHk"ksd djok;kA
• vkSj ;g tykyqíhu eksgEen ds uke ls eqxy lkezkT; dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Note:– Vsew & 14ok¡ 'kkld Fkk ftlus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA

• 5 uoEcj] 1556 dks ikuhir dk f}rh; ;q) yM+k x;k tks vdcj & ¼cSje[kku lsuk dk lapkyu dj
jgk FkkA½ o gseq ds eè; yM+k x;k FkkA
• 1556 ls 1560 rd vdcj cSje[kku ds laj{k.k esa 'kklu fd;kA
• 1560 & 1562 & ekge vaxk

& bls ijnk 'kklu o isVhdksV ljdkj Hkh dgk x;kA
• 1561 esa vdcj us viuk igyk vkØe.k ekyok ds 'kkld ckt cgknqj ij fd;kA
• 1561 esa jktLFkku ds 'kkld Hkkjey dh csVh gjDdk ckbZ ls fookg fd;kA tks Mariyyam-Uz-
Zamani ds uke ls izfl) FkhA
• 1562 esa & blus nkl izFkk ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1563 esa & blus lrh izFkk ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1564 esa & blus tft;k vkSj rhFkZ;k=k dj lekIr fd;kA
• bu ckrksa ls [kq'k gksdj bldh turk us bls vdcj dh mikf/k nhA
• vdcj 'ks[k lyhe fp'rh & ¼lwQh lar Fks & Qrsgiqj fldjh esa jgrs Fks½ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• 1569 esa & vdcj ds iq= dk tUe gqvkA ftldk uke lyhe FkkA
• 1572 esa & vdcj vius xqtjkr vfHk;ku ij x;k vkSj xqtjkr dks eqxy lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• xqtjkr vfHk;ku ds nkSjku blus lcls igys leqnz ns[kk vkSj iqrZxkfy;ksa ls bldh igyh ckj eqykdkr
gqbZ FkhA
• 1573 & esa xqtjkr fot; ds miylk esa cqyna njoktk dk fuekZ.k djok;k ¼Qrsgiqj fldjh es½a

• blus viuh jkt/kkuh vkojk ls Qrsgiqj fldjh LFkkukarfjr dhA
• 1577 esa vdcj us 500 oh?kk tehu vius nksLr xq: jkenkl dks nhA vkSj mlh Hkwfe ij xq: jkenkl
us ve`rlj 'kgj clk;kA
• 1582 esa vdcj us nhu&,&bykgh uked /keZ dh LFkkiuk dhA
• bl /keZ dks viukus okyk ,dek= fganq chjcy Fkk ftldk okLrfod uke egs'k nkl FkkA
• 1583 esa & Ilahi Samvat
Ilahi Coins – Ram Sita type coins
1-Ilahi Ghaz – 31 Inches
iz;kx dk uke cnydj dj fn;kA
• Agra fort, Allahabad fort and Lahore fort dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• vdcj ds dky dks lkfgR; dk Lo.kZ dky dgk tkrk gSA
• Qkjlh Hkk"kk blh ds 'kkludky ls Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuhA
(1833 esa & English cuh)
(26-Jan-1965 & fgUnh geknh jkT;Hkk"kk cuh½
• 1598 esa vdcj ds iq= lyhe us mlds f[kykQ fonzksg fd;k vkSj vius vki dks bykgkckn dk Lora=
'kkld ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• lyhe us 1602 esa vcqy Qty dh gR;k dj nhA
• blls xqLls esa vkdj vdcj us lyhe ds csVs [kqljksa dks viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• 1599 esa igyk fczfV'k tkWu feYMsugky Hkkjr vk;kA vdcj ds Count esa igys Ralph Finch
vk;kA

31-Dec-1600– East India Company
British Crown – Queen Elizabeth Taylar I
• 1605 bZ- esa vdcj dh e`R;q vfrlkj jksx ds dkj.k gqbZ FkhA
• bldk edcjk vkxjk ds fldUnjckn esa gSA
• bldks nQuk;k Hkh rFkk tyk;k Hkh x;k gSA
• bldh thouh vdcj ukek ;k Ain-E-Akbari ftldks vcqy Qty us lkr lkyksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA
• njckj esa uojRu j[kus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk 'kkld panzxqIr f}rh; FkkA
vdcj ds uojRu
1- chjcy & egs'k nkl & eqY; lykgdkj
2- rkulsu & jkeruq ik.Ms & jkt xk;d
3- ekuflag & lsukifr
4- ;sMjey & foÙk ea=h & igys 'ksj'kkg lwjh dk FkkA
5- vcqy Qty
6- vCnqy jghe & [kkls&,&[kkuk
7- QSth
8- eqYyk&nks&[oktk
9- Qdhj vthmíhu
tgk¡xhj & ¼1605&1627½
• tgk¡xhj dk tUe 1569 esa Qrsgiqj fldjh esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke lyhe FkkA
• bldk lykgdkj & Abdul Rahim khan-e-khana FkkA
• 1585 esa lyhe us Hkxoku nkl dh iq=h eku ckjZ ls fookg fd;kA
• lyhe vkSj ekuckbZ dk iq= & [kqljks FkkA
• 1588 esa txr xkslkbZ & tks/kk ckbZ ls fookg gqvk vkSj 1592 esa iq= [kqjZe dk tUe gqvkA
• tuojh& 1611 esa tgk¡xhj us esg:fulk ls fookg fd;kA
husband
1611  Mehrunisha   Ali Quli Beg
• tgk¡xhj us esg:fulk dks Noorjahan (Light of World) dh mikf/k nhA
• Mehroonish – ;g eqxy lkezkT; dh lcls cM+h iz'kkfldk FkhA
Father Agra
Noorjahan 

Buit by – Noorjahan
Mother Asmat Begum
Noorjahan 
• Asmat Begum us gh xqykc dh ifÙk;ksa ls b= cukus dk vkfo"dkj fd;k FkkA

1606 esa [kqljks dk fonzksg
• bl fonzksg esa [kqljks dh enn xq: vktqZu nso ¼flD[ksa ds 5th xq:½ us dhA
• tgk¡xhj us vtqZu nso dh gR;k djok nh vkSj vius gh iq= [kqljks dks va/kk djok fn;kA
• xq: vtqZu nso us gh 1589 esa Lo.kZ eafnj ¼uhao& fe;k¡ ehj½ dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k FkkA

1- ¼vdky r[r dh LFkkiuk dh½
2- xq: xzke lkfgR; dh jpuk Hkh dhA
1608 & tgk¡xhj ds njckj esa vkus okyk igyk fczfV'k ukxfjd Captain William Howkins FkkA
& tgk¡xhj us bls Captain Khan dh mikf/k nh FkhA
1611 & igyh vLFkk;h dkj[kkuk Musalipattanam esa FkkA
1613 & igyh LFkk;h dkj[kkuk lwjr esAa
1615 & nwljk fczfV'k ukxfjd Sin Thomas Roe
• tgk¡xhj vius U;k; dh tathj ds fy, izfl) Fkk vkSj blus 12 ?kks"k.kk djokbZ FkhA ftUgsa Ain-e-
Jahangiri dgk tkrk FkkA
• rEckdw ij izfrca/k yxkus okyk igyk eqxy 'kkld FkkA
• 1617 esa tgk¡xhj us vius csVs lqjZe dks vgenuxj vfHk;ku ij Hkstk vkSj [kqjZe us vgenuxj dks
eqxy lkezkT; esa fey;k vkSj blh mYya?ku esa tgk¡xhj us [kqjZu dks 'kkgtgk¡ dh mikf/k nhA
• tgk¡xhj ds dky esa fp=dyk dk LoxZdky dgk tkrk gSA
• tgk¡xhj dk lcls izfl) fp=dkj Ustad Mohsoor Khan FkkA
• 1627 esa tgk¡xhj dh e`R;q ykgkSj esa gqbZ vkSj bldk edcjk ykgkSj ds 'kgnjk esa gSA
• blus viuh vkRedFkk Tujuk-e-Jahangiri fy[kh FkhA ¼rqdhZ es½a
• 1627 esa & Dewar Baksh [kqljks dk csVk eqxy flagklu ij cSBkA
• bfrgkl esa cfy dk cdjk Dewar Baksh dks dgk tkrk gSA
Shahjahan 1627 – 1658
• 'kkgtgk¡ dk tUe 1592 bZ- esa ykgkSj esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke [kqjZe FkkA
• 'kkgtgk¡ ds dky dks LFkkiR; dyk dk Lo.kZ dky dgk¡ tkrk gSA
• 1612 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us Arjumand Bano Begum (Mumtaz Mahal) ls fookg fd;kA
• 4 son of Shahjahan and 3 daughters
1. Dara Sikoh 1. Jahan Ara
2. Aurangzeb 2. Roshan Ara
3. Shahsuja 3. Gauhan Ara
4. Murad Baksh
• 1631 esa 14osa cPps (Murad Baksh) dks tUe nsrs le; eqerkt egy dh e`R;q gqbZ FkkA

• 1631 esa Taj Mahal dk fuekZ.k vkxjk ds ;equk unh ds fdukjs 'kq: fd;kA
• jktLFkku ds edjkuk ls lQsn laxejej eaxok,a FksA
• eq[; LFkkiR;dkj & Ustad Ahmad Lahori
• iz/kku feL=h & Ustad Isa
• rktegy dk fuekZ.k fi=k nqjk ¼ijf'k;u dyk½ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA
• lQsn laxejej dk bLrseky lcls igys gqek;w¡ dk edcjs esa fd;k x;k FkkA
• fi=k nqjk dyk dk bLrseky igys bReknqnkSyk ds edcjs esa fd;k x;k FkkA
• 1636 esa & 'kkgtgk¡ vius nDdu vfHk;ku ij x;k vkSj blh vfHk;ku ds nkSjku 'kkgtgk¡ us fej
tqeyk uked O;fDr ls bls dksfguwj ghjk izkIr gqvk FkkA
• 1638 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us viuh jkt/kkuh vkxjk ls fnYyh LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• 1638 esa fnYyh ds ;equk unh ds fdukjs 'kkgtgk¡ukckn ¼iqjkuh fnYyh½ uked 'kgj clk;kA
• 1638 esa fnYyh ds yky fdys dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k ftldh nks bekjrs &
Diwan-e-Aam cgqr gh izfl) FksA
¼njckj½ & Diwan-e-khas
• fnyyh dh tkek efLtn bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh djok;k FkkA
fnYyh xsV
d'ehjh xsV
vtesjh xsV
ykgkSj xsV
• fnYyh] vkxjk] dkcqy rFkk da/kkj dk lwcns kj nknk f'kdksg FkkA
• 1657 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh nkj f'kdksg dks ?kksf"kr fd;kA
mÙkjkf/kdkj ds ;q)
• 1st & 1658 esa okjk.klh ds ikl cgknqj dk ;q) 'kkgtgk¡ vkSj eqxy flag lsuk ds eè;
bl ;q) esa eqxy lsuk (Jaswant Singh, Suleman Shikeh) us 'kkgtgk¡ dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 2nd 1658 esa eè;izn's k ds /kjer dk ;q) yM+k x;kA vkSjaxtsc] eqjkn cD'k rFkk eqxy lsuk ds lkFk
yM+k x;kA (Jaswant Singh, Kasim Khan) eqxy lsuk ijkftr gqbZA
• 3rd 1658 esa lkewx<+ dk ;q) vkSjaxtsc] eqjkn cD'k o nkjkf'kdksgA
• 1658 esa vkxjk ds fdys ij vkØe.k ij 'kkgtgk¡ dks dsn dj fn;kA
• 1658 esa vkxjk esa gh viuk igyk jkT;fHk"ksd djok;kA
• 4th 1659 esa [katok dk ;q) ¼bykgkckn ds utnhd½ 'kkg'kqtk o vkSjaxtsc ds eè; 'kkg'kqtk dks
ijkftr dj mldh gR;k dj nhA
• 5th 1659 esa nsojkbZ dk ;q) vkSjaxtsc o nkjk f'kdksg dks gjkdj dSn dj fy;kA
• 1659 esa fnYyh ds yky fdys esa viuk nwljk jkT;kfHk"ksd djok;k FkkA
• 'kkgtgk¡ ds lkFk mlds vafre le; esa tgk¡vkjk mlds lkFk FkhA

• 1666 esa 'kkgtgk¡ dh e`R;q vkxj ds fdys esa gqbZ FkhA
• bldh thouh 'kkgtgkukek Fkh ftldks buk;r [kku ds }kjk fy[kk x;k FkkA
vkSjaxtsc vkyexhj ¼1658 & 1707½
• bldk tUe 1618 esa mTtSu ds nksgn uked txg ij gqvkA
• eqxy ckn'kkg cuus ds ckn vkSjaxtsc us flDdks ij dey Niokus ij izfrca/k yxok;kA
• blus rEckdw vkSj 'kjkc ds lsou ij vkSj tqvk [ksyus ij Hkh izfrca/k yxok;kA
• blus nkl izFkk vkSj lrh izFkk Hkh izfrcaf/kr dhA
• 1664 esa iqu% rhFkZ ;k=k dj yxk;kA ¼100 lky igys vdcj us can fd;k Fkk½
• 1665 esa vkSjaxtsc us t;flag dks f'kokth ij vkØe.k djus dks HkstkA
• 1665 esa iqjanj dh laf/k gqbZ t; flag o f'kokth ds eè;
• 1668 esa vkSjaxtsc us lHkh fganq R;kSgkj izfrcaf/kr fd;sA
• 1669 esa blus rhu izfl) fgUnq eafnj u"V djok;sA
1- lkseukFk eafnj xqtjkr
2- dk'kh fo'oukFk eafnj okjk.klh
3- ds'kojk; eafnj eFkqjk
• 1675 esa vkSjaxtsc us flD[kksa ds 9osa xq: rsxcgknqj dh gR;k djokbZA
Guru Tegh Bahadur __________ lflxat xq:}kjk
Tgk¡ vafre laLdkj gqvk _____________ jdkcaxt xq:}kjk
• 1979 esa vkSjaxtsc us iqu% tft;k dj yxk;kA ¼vdcj us can djok;k FkkA½
• 1681 esa vdcj dk fonzksg ¼vkSjaxtsc dk cM+k csVk vdcj FkkA½
vdcj dh enn f'kokth ds csVs 'kEHkkth us dh FkhA
;g 8 lky rd lEHkkth ds ikl jgkA
• 1682 esa vkSjaxtsc us viuk nf{k.k Hkkjr vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;kA
• bl vfHk;ku dks vkSjaxtsc dh dcz dgk tkrk gSA

• 1686 esa chtkiqj rFkk 1687 esa xksyqd.Mk dks eqxy lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• eqxy lkezkT; esa lwcks dh la[;k 19 ls c<+dj 21 gks xbZA
• 1689 esa vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth ij vkØe.k dj mudh gR;k dhA
• vkSj vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth dh iRuh ;slqckbZ vkSj mlds iq= 'kkgw dks vius dSn esa dj fy;kA
• vkSjaxtsc dh vuqifLFkr esa mldk othj [kku ¼yxHkx 31 lky rd othj ;k½ us fnYyh dk 'kklu
laHkkykA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa fganqvksa eaf=;ksa dh la[;k lokZf/kd FkhA
• 1707 bZ- esa vkSjaxtsc dh e`R;q egkjk"Vª ds vgenuxj esa gqbZA bldh dcz nkSyrkckn esa gSA
• bldh thouh dk uke vkyexhj ukek FkkA ftldks qazim Shiraji us fy[kk FkkA
Modern India
eqxyksa dk iru (1707 to 1857)
• 1707 esa ttkvks dk ;q)
bl ;q) esa Muazzam us Aazam vkSj Kambaksh dh gR;k djds Muazzam Hkkjr dk
vxyk eqxy ckn'kkg cukA
cgknqj 'kkg&I/ 'kkg vkye&I (1707-1712)
• ;g 65 o"kZ dh mez esa Hkkjr dk eqxy ckn'kkg cukA
• bls gh cw<+k ckn'kkg ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bls 'kkgs cs[kcj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA
• 1707 esa 'kkgw eqxyksa dh dSn ls vktkn gqvkA vkSj ;gh ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
• 1712 esa cank cgknqj ds f[kykQ ,d vfHk;ku ds nkSjku cgknqj 'kkg dh e`R;q gks xbZA
Tkgkanj'kkg ¼1712 & 1713½
• blus t;flag dks lokbZ vkSj fetkZ dh mikf/k nh FkhA
• blus vthr flag dks egkjktk dh mikf/k nhA
• tgkanj'kkg dks gh yEij ew[kZ 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
• lS¸;n ca/kq
1. Abdulla Khan, 2. Hussain Ali Khan
• 1713 esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa us tgkanj'kkg dh gR;k dh vkSj Farukhshiyan dks u;k eqxy ckn'kkg
?kksf"kr fd;kA
Farukhshiyan – 1713 – 1719
• Abdula Khan dks ________ Wazin
• 1713 esa caxky izkUr eqxyks ls vyx gks x;kA
• caxky izkUr dh gh lwcns kj vius vki dks caxky dk uokc ?kksf"kr fd;kA
1 Nawab – Murshid Quli Khan
• vo/k izkar dk lwcns kj vius vki dks vo/k dk uokc ?kksf"kr fd;kA

1 Nawab __________ Saadat Ali Khan
• 1716 esa Farukhshiyan us cank cgknqj dh gR;k djokbZA
• 1717 esa blus vaxzstksa dks Lof.kZe Qjeku fd;kA
¼dj eq¶r O;kikj caxky] fcgkj rFkk mM+hlk esa½
• Lof.kZe Qjeku dks gh vaxzstksa dk Magna Carta dgk tkrk gSA
• 1719 esa fnYyh dh laf/k
lS¸;n ca/kqvksa vkSj ejkBks ds izFke iszjrk ckykth fo'oukFk ds eè;
• 1719 esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa us ckykth fo'oukFk dh enn ls Farukhshiyar dh gR;k djok nhA
Rati-Ud-Danjat (Shahjahan-II)
• 2 eghus ds gh 'kkludky esa Vh-oh dh chekjh ls bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
Rati-Ud-Daula
• vkfoLrkj ls bldh e`R;q gks xbZA pkj ekg dk 'kkludky FkkA
Mohammad Shah (1719-1748)
• 1719 esa blus lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dh gR;k futke&my&eqYd dh enn ls djokbZA
• Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dks King maker ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• Nizam-Ul-Mulk dks gSnjkckn dk lwcn s kj cuk;kA
• gSnjkckn dk lcls igyk Nizam – Nizam-Ul-Mulk cukA
• Mohammad Shah dks Rangeela Badshah dgk tkrk gSA
• 1739 esa ukfnj'kkg dk vkØe.k ¼bls bZjku dk usiksfy;u dgk tkrk Fkk½ lsukifr & vgen 'kkg
vCnkyh
• 1739 esa djuky dk ;q)A bl ;q) esa ukfnj'kkg us eqxy lsuk dks ijkftr fd;kA
• ;g vkf[kjh eqxy 'kkld tks e;wj flgkalu ij cSBk FkkA
• tft;k dj Hkh lekIr gks x;kA
• Mohammad Shah dh e`R;q & 1748 esa gqbZA
Ahmad Shah (1748 – 1754)
• 1748 esa vCnkyh dk igyk vkØe.k gqvkA ¼bZjku dk 'kkld½
• 1748 esa vgen 'kkg&vgen 'kkg ;q) iatkc esa
& bl ;q) esa vgen 'kkg vCnkyh dh ijkt; gqbZA
• 1754 esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZA
Aalamgir-II ¼1754 & 1759½

• Robert Clive us Sirajudaula dks ijkftr fd;kA
11/2 hour esa ;g ;q) [kRe gks x;kA
Shahalam-I (1759 – 1806)
• 14 tuojh] 1761 esa ikuhir dk rhljk ;q) vgen 'kkg vCnkyh o ejkBks ds eè;
• bl ;q) esa vCnkyh dh fot; gqbZA
ejkBkvks dk is'oj & Balaji Baji Rao – (Nana Sahab)
ejkBkvks dk lsukifr & Sada Shiv Rao Bhau
• 1803 esa vaxzstks us fnYyh ij vf/kdkj fd;k vkSj mUgksua s eqxyksa dks is'kudkjh cuk;kA
Akbar-II (1806 to 1837)
• ;g vaxzstksa }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tkus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk eqxy ckn'kkg FkkA
• 1830 esa blus jktk jke eksgu jk; dks Þjktkß dh mikf/k nh FkhA
• 1837 esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZA
Bahadur Shah – II (Zafar) 1837 – 1857
• ;g Hkkjr dk vafre eqxy ckn'kkg FkkA
• ;g Hkkjr dk izfl) 'kk;j FkkA
• ;g tQj ds uke ls izfl) FkkA
• ;g 1857 dh Økafr dk usrk FkkA
• 1857 esa bldks vaxzstksa }kjk fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;k vkSj bls jaxwu ¼oekZ ds½ Hkst fn;k x;kA
• 1862 esa bldh e`R;q jaxwu esa gqbZ FkhA
1857 dk fonzkgs
• Hkkjr dk igyk lSfud fonzksg & 1806 ds rfeyukMq ds osYyksj esa gqvk FkkA
• 1857 ds fonzkgs dk Symbol – dey dk Qwy vkSj jksVh FkkA
• 1857 ds fonzkgs dh j.kuhfr

ml le; Britain dk P.M. – Pamsturn
Hkkjr dk Governor General – Lord Canning
British Crown – Queen Victoria
Mughal Empror – Bahadur Shah Zafar
British Army Chief _____ George Anison ______ Robert Campbell
Books – 1857 – Written by – S.N. Sen
2. The Indian war of Independence – V.D. Savarkar
3. The sepoy mutiniti & the Rebellion of 1857 R.C. Majumdar
4. Poverty & Unbritish Rule in India – Dada Bhai Nairoji
jktuSfrd dkj.k Lord Dalhausi (1848 – 1856)
• 1848 blus egkjktk nyhi flag ij vkØe.k djds iatkc ij vf/kdkj fd;kA vkSj blus nyhi flag
dks vaxzstks dk is'a kudkjh cuk;kA
• 1849 esa & nyhi flag ds gkFkks dksfguwj ghjs dks egkjkuh foDVksfj;k dks Gift esa fnyok;kA
• blds ckn Dalhausi us Hkkjr esa 'Doctrine of Lapse' gM+I dh uhfr pykbZ FkhA
S  Satara
S  Sambhapur
B  Baghat
U  Udaipur
J  Jhansi
N  Nagpur
A  Awadh
K  Karauli  igys gM+Iik x;k vkSj ckn esa NksM+ fn;kA
1856 & vo/k dk uokc Wajid Ali Shah FkkA
y[kuÅ ls fonzkgs Wajid Ali Shah dh Wife Begum Hazra Mahal us fd;k FkkA
Wajid Ali Shah ds csVs Binjis Qadir dks vo/k dk vkf[kjh uokc cuk;k x;kA
Lkekftd dkj.k

/kkfeZd dkj.k
1813 & Hkkjr esa bZlkbZ fef'kujh;ksa dk vkxeu gqvkA Ranoji Bapu vkSj Ajimullah Khan us
London esa j.kuhfr cukbZ ftlesa fonzksg dh 'kq:vkr 31 ebZ] 1857 djuh FkhA
fonzkgs dk rRdkyhd dkj.k
• bl fonzksg dh igyh ?kVuk & 29 ekpZ] 1857 dks caxky dh cSjdiqj Nkouh ds 34th Native
Ifentry dk lSfud eaxy ikaMs us dkjrwl ds bLrseky ls euk fd;kA eaxy ikaMs us Lt. Baugh dh
gR;k dj nhA
8 vizSy] 1857 & esa eaxy ikaMs dh Qk¡lh nh xbZA
esjB esa
24 vizSy] 1857 dks esjB dS.V ds 99 flikfg;ksa us bu dkjrwlks ds bLrseky djus ls euk dj fn;kA ;s
3rd- Native Infantry ds FksA
buesa ls 85 lSfud dks mezdSn dh ltk nh xbZA
10 ebZ] 1857 dh 'kke dks esjB ds lkjs lSfud bdV~Bs gq, ftudk usr`Ro dne flag dj jgk FkkA
11 ebZ] 1857 dks ;s lSfud fnYyh ds yky fdyk igq¡ps vkSj cgknqj 'kkg tQj dks Inform fd;kA
12 ebZ] 1857 dks cgknqj 'kkg tQj dks gqek;w¡ ds edcjs ls fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA
By – Lt. Nicolson
– Lt. Hudson
19 flrEcj] 1857 & dks bls oekZ ds jaxwu Hkst fn;kA
Place Revolt by Controlled by
1. esjB dne flag Campbell
2. fnYyh cgknqj 'kkg tQj Lt. Nicolson
cDl [kku Lt. Hudson
3. Ambala Rao Tulanam Lt. Nicolson
Lt. Hudson
4. Mathura Devi Singh Campbell
5. Kanpur Nana Sahab (Dhondhu point) Campbell
Tatya Tope (Ram Chandra
Pandunang)
6. Jhansi Rani Laxmi Bai Cap. Huroze
7. Lucknow Begum Hazarat Mahel Compbell

8. Allahabad Liyaquat Ali Col. Nel
9. Faizabad moulvi Abdulla Gen. Renard
10. Gorakhpur Gojodhar Singh Gen. Renard
11. Jagdishpur Kunwar Singh Campbell
12. Bareily Khan Bahadur Vincent Aayer
vafre ?kVuk
18 vizSy 1858 rkR;k Vksis dks Qk¡lh nh xbZA

;gh ls Hkkjr esa British Crown dk 'kklu 'kq: gqvkA
igyk ok;ljk; & ykMZ dSfuu
ejkBk vkSj is'kok
Shivaji 1627 – 1680
• ejkBk lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk f'kokth us dh FkhA
• f'kokth dk tUe 1627 esa iwuk ds f'kousj nqxZ esa gqvkA
• buds firk dk uke Shahji Bhosle rFkk ekrk dk uke Jija Bai FkkA
• buds vkè;kfRed xq: & jkenkl FksA
• bUgksaus viuh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vius nkl dkS.knso ls izkIr dhA
• 1657 esa bUgksua s eqxyksa ij viuk igyk vkØe.k fd;kA
• ml le; vkSjaxtsc vgenuxj dk lwcns kj FkkA
• bl vkØe.k esa vkSjaxtsc us f'kokth dks ijkftr fd;kA
• blds ckn f'kokth us eqxyksa ds 23 fdyks ij vkØe.k dj mu ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1664 esa f'kokth us lwjr dh igyh ywV dhA
• 1665 esa vkSjaxtsc dk lsukifr Jai Singh dks f'kokth ij vkØe.k djus HkstkA
iqjanj dh laf/k
• bl laf/k ds ckn Jai Singh us Shivaji vkSj muds csVs Shombha Ji dks Aurangzeb ds
njckj esa is'k fd;kA ysfdu Aurangzeb us Shivaji dks dSn dj Agra ds Jaipur Bhawan esa
j[kkA
• Shivaji, Aurangzeb dh dSn esa 2 lky rd FksA
• 1670 & esa & f'kokth us lwjr dh nwljh ywV dhA
• 1674 & esa f'kokth dk jkT;kfHk"ksd jk;x<+ ds fdys esa xaxk HkV~V uked iafMr ls djok;kA
• blus nks mikf/k;k¡ /kkj.k dh&
1- N=ifr egkjkt
2- fgUnq ckn'kkg

• 1678 esa & f'kokth us ,d ukS lsuk dh LFkkiuk dhA ftldk eq[;ky; dksykck (Mumbai) esa FkkA
blds ukSlsuk vè;{k dks & nfj;klkjax dgk tkrk FkkA
• 1680 esa & dukZVd ¼chtkiqj½ vfHk;ku ds nkSjku f'kokth dh e`R;q gqbZA
f'kokth ds v"B iz/kku
1. Peshwa is'kk – P.M.
2. Amatya – jktLo ea=h
3. Sumant – fons'k ea=h
4. San-E-Naubat – lsukifr
5. Vakianavis – lwpuk ea=h
6. Surunavis – i=kpkj ea=h
7. Pandit Rao – /kkfeZd dk;ks± dk ea=h
8. Nyayadhish – fof/k ea=h
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= 'kEHkkth gqvkA
Shambha Ji – (1680 – 1689)
• 1681 esa 'kEHkkth us vkSjaxtsc ds f[kykQ fonzksg esa vdcj dh enn dh FkhA
• 1689 esa vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth ij vkØe.k djds mldh gR;k dj nh vkSj mudh iRuh Yesubai vkSj
iq= Shahu th dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA
Raja Ram (1689 – 1700)
• vkSjaxtsc us Raja Ram dh gR;k djok nhA
• blds iq= Shivaji II ¼4 lky mez½ dks ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld fu;qDr fd;kA
• ysfdu 'kklu Raja Ram dh ifRu & rkjkckbZ us fd;kA
• 1707 esa eqxyksa dh dSn ls lkgw vktkn gqvkA
1707 esa [ksM+k dk ;q)
Shahu vkSj Tarabai ds eè;
• Shahu us bl ;q) esa Tarabai dks ijkftr dj ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Shahu (1707 – 1749)
• N=ifr 'kkgw th egkjkt ds uke lsA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh lokjk dks cuk;kA
• 1713 esa ejkBk lkezkT; esa is'okbZ izFkk dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• vkSj viuk igyk is'ok ckykth fo'oukFk dks fu;qDr fd;kA
• 1719 esa & fnYyh dh laf/k
Ckykth fo'oukFk us Farukhshiyar dks ejokus esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dh enn dhA
Baji Rao – I – (1720 – 1740)
• ;g ejkBkvks dk lcls egku is'ok FkkA

• 1729 esa iky[ksM+k dk ;q)
& ckthjko I o Nizam-Ul-Mlk (Hydrabad) ds eè; Baji Rao us Nizam-Ul-Mulk dks
ijkftr fd;kA
Balaji-Baji Rao (Nana Sahab Peshwa) 1740 – 1761
• blds 'kklu dky esa 'kkgw dh e`R;q gqbZA
• 14 tuojh] 1761 esa ikuhir dk rhljk ;q)
• Ahmad Shah Abdali o Marathas
• ftlesa Abdali us Marathas dks ijkftr dj yxHkx ejkBkvks dk var fd;kA
• ejkBkvks dk vafre is'ok & ckthjko II (1796 – 1818) gqvkA
Hkkjr esa ;wjksfi;ks dk vkxeu
Portugees – iqrZxkyh
17 ebZ] 1498 & Vasco-De Gama Hkkjr esa vkus okyk igyk iqrZxkyh FkkA (90 days)
dsjy ds dkyhdV canjxkg igqapkA
Ship Name – Sao Gobriel
Welcomed by – Jamarin
• 1498 – portugeese East India Company dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• 1499 & esa Hkkjr esa dkyh fepZ ys x;kA
;g 60 xquk nke esa ;wjksi esa cspkA
• 1502 & esa ;g nqckjk Hkkjr vk;kA
• 1503 & esa iqrZxkfy;ksa us viuh igyh QSDVªh dksfpu esa yxkbZ
– Empire Name in India – Estudo De India
• 1505 & 1509 rd igyk iqrZxkyh Governor ÝkaflLdks&Mh&vyehM+kA
• Almida us vjcksa ij vkØe.k djds muds O;kikj ij vf/kdkj fd;kA ftls vyehM+k dh Þuhyh ty
uhfr (Blue Water Policy) ß dgk x;kA
• 1509 & 1515 & nwljk Governor – Alfanso De Albukunk
• ;g Hkkjr esa iqrZxkyh dh lkezkT; dk okLrfod LFkkiuk dh FkhA
Note:-
Alfanso Mango – Ratmagiri Maharastra
• 1509 esa & Albukurk us dksfpu dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
• 1510 esa & blus chtkiqj ds vkfny 'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj mlh ls blus xksok izkIr fd;kA
• 1515 esa & Albukurk dh e`R;q Hkkjr esa gqbZA
• 1529 & 1538 rhljk Governor – Nino De Kunha
• 1530 esa & blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks dksfpu ls xksok LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• 1961 esa Goa, Daman & Diu dks iqrZxkfy;ks ls [kkth djok;kA

• 1987 esa & Hkkjr dk 25th jkT; cuk;k x;kA
• Art. – 371(I) ds rgr Goa Hkkjr dk fo'ks"k jkT; gSA
• Hkkjr esa vkyw ykus okys iqrZxkyh FksA
• Ñf"k dk okf.kfT;d Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• Hkkjr esa rEckdw dh [ksrh dh 'kq:vkr
• yky fepZ ykus okys iqrZxkyh FksA
• tgkt fuekZ.k dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• ppZ dk dSFkksfyd ykMy Hkh ;gh 'kq: fd, FksA
• Printing Press dh 'kq:vkr dhA
1st Printing Press – 1557 – Goa esa
Dutch Mp
• 1596 & igyk Dutch & Carnaleous Hautman Hkkjr vk;k FkkA
• 1602 bZ- esa & bUgksua s Dutch East India Company dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1605 bZ- esa igyh factory – Musalipattanam esa yxkbZA
• Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDds pyok;s & Pegeda Coins.
• Dutch ds Hkkjr esa nks m|ksx FksA
1- Cotton Taxtile Industry ¼lwrh oL= m|ksx½
2- Indigo Industry ¼uhy m|ksx½
• 1759 & csnjk dk ;q)
B/w Briteshers & Dutches
• bl ;q) esa Dutch dks ijkftr dj muds O;kij ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA
vkSj blds ckn Dutch, Netherlands okil ykSV x;sA
Britishers vaxzst
1599 & 1st – Britisher – John Moldenhal
Crown – Elizabeth I
Akbar's Court – Ralph Finch
Group – Merchant – Adventures
31 fnlEcj 1600 East India Company in London.
• 1608 & Cap Willian Hawking (Representative of E.I.C)
• 1611 & Musalipattam esa igyh factory
• 1613 & esa lwjr esa viuh LFkk;h factory dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• 1615 & Sir Thomas Roe – (Rapre of James 1 (King)
• 1662 & esa

Charles 
British Pr ince  Married
  Potugues Pr incess Catherine Brigenza
• iqrZxkfy;ksa us British dks Bombay ngst esa fn;kA
• Charles us Bambey, E.I.C dks 10 pounds per year ij fn;kA
• 1717 & esa vaxzstksa us eqxy ckn'kkg Q:Z[kf'k;j ls ,d Lof.kZe Qjeku izkIr fd;kA
Danish Msu
• 1616 & Danish East India Company dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• 1620 & esa igyh Factory – Taracobar (Kerala) esa LFkkfir dh FkhA
• 1676 & esa nwljh Factory – Serampur Bengal esa Hkkjr esa buds nks O;kikj FksA
1- pk; dk O;kikj
2- phu ds lkFk O;kij
• 1845 esa bUgksua s viuk O;kikj vaxzstks dks lkSai dj Denmark okil ykSV x;sA
French Ýkalhlh
• 1664 esa Hkkjr vkus okyk igyk Ýkalhlh Colbart Fkk
• ;g Ýkal ds 'kkld Louis XIV dk ea=h FkkA
• 1664 & French East India Company dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1668 & esa igyh Factory Surat esa LFkkfir dhA
• 1672 & esa French Governer Fransis Martin us 'ksj[kku yksnh ij vkØe.k dj iqnqpjs h xk¡o
izkIr fd;kA
• 1674 esa & Ýsap us iqnqspjh dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
caxky
Capital – Dhaka
1700 – Murshid Kuli Khan
• 1713 & esa blus [kqn dks caxky dk Lora= ?kksf"kr fd;kA ;g caxky dk igyk o uokc cuk
¼1713&1727½
Shifted his Capital – Murshidabad.
Shahjauddin – (1727 – 1739)

Sarfraj Khan – (1739 – 1740)
• 1740 & ?kksfj;k dk ;q)
vyh onhZ [kku & ljQjkt [kku
blesa vyh onhZ dh fot; gqbZA
vyh onhZ [kku & ¼1740 & 1756½

Sirajudaula (1756 – 1757)

• 20 twu] 1756 dydÙkk ds Ford William esa ?kfVr djuk
– Black Hole Tregedy shivalik1graphics@gmail.com
• 1757 – 1st Governor of Bengal – Robert clive

• 1757 – Iyklh dk ;q)
Robert clive o Sirajuddaula
Robert Clive us Sirajuddaula dks gjk;kA
Commander-in-chief of Sirajuddaula – Mir Jafer
Minister – Rai Durlabh
Mir Jafer dks caxky dk vxyk uokc cuk fn;kA
Mir Jafar (1757 – 1760)
Mir Kasim (1760 – 1763)
• cDlj dk ;q) & 1764
1765 esa & bykgkckn dh laf/k

• Robert Clive o Shah Alam II vkSj Sujauddaula ds eè;
• 1767 esa Robert Clive dks Britain cqykdj ml ij dq'kklu dk vjksi yxk;kA
bdykSrk Governor ftlus tgj [kkdj vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA
Warren Hastings 1772
• blus caxky ds }S/k 'kklu dk var fd;kA
• 1772 esa blus District Collector dk in cuk;kA
Constitutional Development of India
Hkkjr dk laoS/kkfud fodkl
1773 Regulating Act–

• East India Company dks 20 o"kZ dk O;kikfjd vf/kdkj feykA
• Governor of Bengal became Governor General of Bengal. k k k k k k k k

Last G  first  G G  warren Hastings .


Head of the Executive
• 1774 & dydÙkk esa SC dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
Chief Justice – Lord Eliza Impe
3 other Judges – Lord Hide, Lord Cham bus, Lamstus
1784 Pits India Act

• blh vf/kfu;e ds rgr E.I.C ls O;kikj vkSj iz'kklu dks vyx vyx dj fn;k x;kA
• 1785 Warren Hastings bdykSrk Governor ftl ij egkfHk;ksx yxk;k x;kA
1793 Charter Act
• E.I.C ds O;kikfjd vf/kdkj 20 o"kks± ds fy, c<+k;s x;sA
• 1793 ls fczfV'k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds osru Hkkjr ls gh fn;s tkus yxsA
• 21 vizSy] 1793 & Indian Civil Service dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA

This day is known as civil service day.
• 1793 esa gh & Revenue Bond
Revenue Police dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
1813 – Charter Act
• Hkkjr esa bZlkbZ fe'kufj;ksa dk vkxeu gqvkA
• 1813 esa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vkSj mldh laLÑfr ds fodkl ds fy, gj lky 1 yk[k :Ik;s feyus x;sA
• nks vf/kdkfj;ksa dks NksM+dj E.I.C ds O;kikfjd vf/kdkj lekIr fd;sA
1- pk; dk vf/kdkj
2- phu ds lkFk O;kikj
1833 Charter Act

• Governor General of Bengal became Governor General of India Lord William
Bentinck
• 1833 English Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuhA
• 1833 E.I.C ds lHkh O;kikfjd vf/kdkj lekIr dj fn;s x;sA
1853 Charter Act
• 6 BOD dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;k vkSj budh la[;k dks ?kVkdj 18 dj fn;k x;kA
• 1853 esa Civil Service ds fy, fyf[kr ifj{kk dh 'kq:vkr dh x;hA
1853 ls 1923 rd & yaMu esa gqbZ FkhA
igys Hkkjrh; & lqjsUnz ukFk cuthZ
igys ICS Officer – lR;sUnz ukFk VSxksj
• 1858 Government of India Act
• Declaration Letter of queen victoria
• 1858 esa E.I.C can dj nh x;hA
• lHkh BOD dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;kA
• Queen Victoria dks Hkkjr dh lkexzh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
Governor of India (Lord Canning) became – vice Roy of India
• Declaration Letter dks Lord Canning us 1 uoEcj] 1858 esa Minto Part – Allahabad esa
i<+k x;k FkkA
1861 Indian Council Act
• 1860 esa & 1st Indian Budget Present by James Wilson.
Father of Income tax – Lord Canning.
• 1861 & Viceroy dks vè;kns'k tkjh djus dh 'kfDr izkIr gqbZA
• 1861 ls gh Indian Pannel Court ykxw dh xbZA
• 1862 esa Portfolio vk;ksx ds rgr Lord canning us Hkkjr dk foHkkxhdj.k fd;kA
1892 – Indian Council Act

• Word – Election – First time use in India.
• Hkkjrh;ks dks Budget ij cgl djus dk vf/kdkj feyk exj Vote djus dk vf/kdkj ugha feykA
• Hkkjr esa izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlus lnuksa dh la[;k 60 FkhA
• 1905 & caxky dk foHkktu & Lord Curson.

– Congress nks Hkkxksa esa c¡V x;hA
& ujeiaFkh o xje iaFkh
• 1906 – Muslim Leegue – by – Aga khan

• 1907 & lwjr vf/kos'ku esa dkaxzsl dk foHkktu
ujeny & o & xje ny
1909 – Marley – Minto Reforms Act
• bl vf/kfu;e us gh Hkkjr dk loZuk'k dj fn;k ;g dFku xk¡/khth us dgk FkkA
1919 – Montegue – Chelmfond Reform Act
• 1919&1935 & izkarksa esa }S/k 'kklu yxk;k x;kA
• 1919 ls British Officer dh lSyjh nqckjk Britain ls gh vkus yxsA
1938 Simon Commission
• Member – 7
• bl vk;ksx dk ygkSj esa fojks/k fd;k x;kA
(Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru)
• blh fojks/k ds nkSjku Lala Lajpat Rai dh e`R;q gqbZA
• 1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar us Simmon Commission dk Lokxr fd;k FkkA
2. Unionist Pangt.
3. mohhoob Saifi group
• 1928 – Lord Birkenhead & jkT; lfpo
Congress President – Moti Lal-Nehru
• Moti Lal Nehru us Lojkt dh ek¡x dhA
• 1928 & Nehru Report, ¼bls Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk blue print dgk tkrk gSA½ Delhi esa is'k
dhA
M.L. Nehru us gh Hkkjr esa fyf[kr ekSfyd vf/kdkjks dh ek¡x dh FkhA

• Mohammad Ali Jinah us bl ij Sign ugha fd;k FkkA
• M.L Nehru us Dominion State dh ekax dhA
• Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru us iw.kZ Lojkt dh ek¡x dhA
• 1931 esa & dkaxzsl ds djkph vf/kos'ku esa ekSfyd vf/kdkjks dh ek¡x dks Lohdkj fd;k x;kA
& vè;{krk & cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy
• 1931 & esa xka/khth us nwljs xksy est lEesyu esa xka/khth us ekSfyd vf/kdkj dh ek¡x dhA
1935 – Government of India Act
• gekjk 80% lafo/kku blh vf/kfu;e ls fy;k x;kA
• izkarksa ds }S/k 'kklu dk var fd;k x;kA
• vkSj dsna z esa }S/k 'kklu dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
• 1 vizSy] 1935 dks Hkkjrh; fjotZ cSad dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• SC dks dydÙkk ls fnYyh Shift fd;k x;kA
• tksfd 1937 ls dk;Zjr gqvkA
• 1937 esa oekZ dks Hkkjr ls vyx fd;k x;kA
Constituent Assembly
• 1896 – Tilak th us ekSf[kd :i esa dh FkhA
• 1934 – M.N. Roy us fd;k FkkA
• 1940 & vxLr izLrko
& ftlesa lafo/kku lHkk dh LohÑfr FkhA
& Hkkjr us bls vLohdkj dj fn;kA
• 1940 & O;fDrxr lR;kxzg
1 – Vinoba Bhave
II – Pt. J. Lal. Nehru
• 1942 – Crips Mission
– Post Dated Sheet – Sald by Gandhi Ji
8 vxLr] 1942 Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu
24 vDVwcj] 1945 & U.N.O dk xBu fd;k x;kA
• 1945 – Cabinet Mission Plan

• 1 tqykbZ & 1946 1st Election for Const. Assembly.
Viceroy – Lord Wavell

2 flrEcj] 1946 dks Hkkjr dh igyh varfje ljdkj cuhA
Hkkjr esa varfje ljdkj dk eaf=e.My
P.M & foreign Minister _______ Pt. J.L. Nehru
Home Minister & Information & Broadcasting Mr. _______ Sardar Vallabh Bhai
Patel.
Education Minister _____ Sri Raj Gopala Chari
Food and Agriculture minister _____ Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Defence Minister ______ Baldev Singh
Labour Minister ________ Jag Jivan Ram
Health Minister _________ Gojnaffer Ali Khan
Finance Minister ______ Liyaqat Ali Khan
Law Minister ______ Jogendra Nath Mandal
Industry Minister __________ John Mathai
Railway Minister _______ Aruna Asaf Ali
Hkkjrh; Lora=rk dh ?kks"k.kk
20 Qjojh] 1947
P.M of Britain – Climent Eitley (30 June 1948) – June Plan
March 1947 – Lord mountbatten
4 July 1947 – 18 July, 1947
1947 Indian Independence Act.

Mountbatten Plan
Devide of India & Pakistan
14 Aug – 1947 ________ Pak
15 Aug – 1947 _________ India
lafo/ku lHkk dh vxyh cSBd 29 vxLr] 1947 ls gqbZA
29 vxLr] 1947 _______ izk:Ik lfefr
Chairman ______ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Other member–
D.P. Kaitan (Died) – T.T. Knishnamohaw
B.K. mitten (resign) – Madav Rao
K.M Manshi
Mohd. Sadullah
Gopal Swami Ayanger
Krishna Swami Ayyer.
• 2 year – 11 month – 8 days
• 166 days session
Rs. – 64 lakh
70 – Constitutions
26 Nov, 1949 – Constitution day (Law day)

26 Jan, 1940 – Republic day.
Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk fodkl
• Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk fodkl 1813 bZ- ls 1813 pkVZj ,DV ds rgr 'kq: gqvk ftlesa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vkSj
laLÑfr ds fy, lkykuk 1 yk[k :Ik;s vkoafVr fd;s x;sA
• 1778 esa Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj laLÑfr ds vè;;u ds fy, lj fofy;e tkWt us ,f'k;kfVd lkslkbVh
vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA
• Qkjlh vkSj vjch Hkk"kk ds fy, dydÙks esa ,d enjls dh LFkkiuk warren Hastings us djkbZ
FkhA
• 1800 bZ- esa ykWMZ osystyh us dydÙkk esa QksVZ fofy;e dkWyst dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1817 bZ- esa jktk jke eksgu jk; us dydÙkk esa fganq dkyst dh LFkkiuk dhA
• ysfdu ekfè;fed f'k{kk ds fodkl ds fy, lcls igys Lord William Bentic us ;ksxnku fn;kA
• 1833 ds pkVZj ,DV ds rgr baxfy'k dks Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuk;k x;kA
• 1833 esa William Bentic us yksd f'k{kk lfefr dh LFkkiuk Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, fd;kA
Chairman – Lord Macally
• 1835 esa Lord Macally us viuh fjiksVZ is'k dh ftls eSdkys feuV dgk tkrk gSA

• blh fjiksVZ ds rgr baxfy'k dks Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ds fy, vfuok;Z fd;k x;kA
Lord Dalhauise (1848 – 1556)
• 1853 ds pkVZj ,DV rgr ukxfjd lsok ds fy, fyf[kr ifj{kk dh 'kq:vkr dh x;hA
• 1854 esa MygkSth us f'k{kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k tks fd Charles wood
Dispatch ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bl Dispatch dks Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk Magna Carta dgk tkrk gSA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr 1857 esa dydÙkk] enzkl vkSj cacbZ fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884)
• 1882 esa Lord Ripon us Hunter vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr Hkkjrh; izkjafHkd f'k{kk esa lq/kkj fd;s x;sA
Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905)
• 1902 esa Lord Curzon us Raylay vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dhA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr 1904 bZ- esa Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; vf/kfu;e ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj Lord
Curzon us gh Public Service Commission dk xBu fd;kA ftlesa blus ICS dh U;wure
vk;q dks c<+kdj 18 ls 21 o"kZ fd;kA
• 1905 esa blus Hkkjrh; izkjafHkd losZ{k.k o Ñf"k foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dhA
1917 Sadler Commission (Lord Chelmsford)
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr Sant. Central board for Secondary vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
• vkSj gSnjkckn] eSlwj] iVuk] cukjl vkSj y[kuÅ esa fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
Development of News Papers in India
• 1556&1567 & xksok esa
1st Printing Press in India
• 1684 esa & First British Press were Founded in Bombay
• 1780 & First Indian news Paper was published by james August Hikki which is
know as 'Bengal Gazettc'.
• First English news paper published by an Indian was Bengal Gazettc.
Founder – Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
• First Hindi News Paper of India was Published in 1826
None – Udand Martond (Hindi) from – Kanpur
Founder – Jugal Kishor
• 1821 – Raja Ram Mohan Raj was Published two newspaper in Person
language.
1 – Samwad Kaumudi
2 – Mirat–Ul–Akhbar

• 1859 – Iswar Chand, Vidya Sagar Published a Bengali Newspaper named Son
Prakash.
Some Imp. and famous Newspaper of India
Newspaper Founder Place
1. The Times of India Robert knight Bombay
2. The state man Robert knight Calcutta
3. Madras mate Robert knigh Madrash
4. The Pioneer Robert Night Allahabad
5. Amrit Bazar Patrika Moti Lal Ghosh Calcutta.
6. Bungvasi Jogendra Nath Bosh Calcutta
7. The Hindu Veer Ragwachari Madrash
8. Kesri & Maratha Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bombay
9. Bengali Surendra Nath Benerjee Calcutta
10. Young India Mahatma Gandhi Ahemdabad
11. Nav Jevan Mahatma Gandhi Ahemdabad
12. Harijan Mahatma Gandhi Pune
13. Independence M.L. Nehru Allahabad
14. Hindustan Times K.M Panikkar Delhi
15. The Tribuen Sin Dayal Singh Chandigarh
16. Al-Hilal Mollana Abul Kalam
Al-Bilal Azad Calcutta
17. Hamdard Mohd. Ali Jinha Lahore
18. The Hindu Pathiot Harish Chandra Mukherjee Calcutta.
19. Gadar Gadar Party Sen fnansisco
America.
Important Religious & Social Reforms in India
Society Place Founder
1. vkReh; lHkk caxky jktkjke eksgu jk;
2. czã lekt caxky jktk jke eksgu jk;
3. vkfn czã lekt caxky ds'ko panz lsu
4. lk/kkj.k czã lekt caxky fo'oukFk 'kkL=h
5- nf{k.k Hkkjr dk czã lekt enzkl Jh /kjyw uk;Mw
6- rRocksf/kuh lHkk caxky nsoUs nz ukFk VSxksj
7- izkFkZuk lekt cEcbZ xksfoan jukMs
8- vk;Z lekt cEcbZ n;kuUn ljLorh
9- n;kuUn ,aXyks oSfnd dkWyst ykgkSj galjkt o yktir jk;
10- xq:dqy gfj}kj Lokeh n;kuan
11- jke Ñ".k eB dydÙkk Lokeh foosdkuUn

12- lsUnz.k fgUnq dkWyst okjk.klh ,uh cslsUV
13- eqfLye ,aXyks vksfj,.Vy vyhx<+ lj lS¸;n vgen [kku
dkWyst
14- nsoUs nz Ldwy lgkjuiqj eks- dkfle
15- Nam Dhari Aandolan Punjab Ramsingh
16- Radha Swami Satsang Agra Devendra Nath
Tagore
17- Scientific India Patriotic Aligarh Sayyed Ahmad
Society Khan
18- Deenbandhu Sarvjanik Bombay Jyotiba fule
Sabha
19- Vidhwa Ashram Pune D.K. Carve
20- Women Unit Pune D.K. Carve
21- Aatm Samman Aandolan Madrash Rama Swami
Ayyer.
Governers/ Governer Generals/ ViceRoy

1. Robert Clive 1757–1760, 1765–1767
• 1757 & Battle of Plassy
• 1765 & bykgkckn dh laf/k
• 1765 & caxky esa }S/k 'kklu
• blus ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ij migkj ysus ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• ;g ,dek= Governer ftlus vkRegR;k dhA
• 1767 & caxky esa Society for trade dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1764 – Battle of Buxer – Governer – Vencihart
2. Warren Hastings (1772 – 1785)
• Last Governer & First Governer General of Bengal.
• 1772 & }S/k 'kklu dk var
• 1772 & District Collector ds in dh LFkkiuk
• 1773 – Regulating Act of 1773
• 1774 – Foundation of SC in Calcutta
• 1780 – Foundation of General Post Office in Calcutta.
• 1784 – Foundation of General post office in Calcutta.
• 1784 – Pits India Act
• 1785 – Inpeachment ¼vgfHk;ksx½
3. Lord Carnvalis 1786 – 1793

• blus caxky esa 4–session count dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1. Calcutta, 2. Patna, 3. Murshidabad, 4. Dhaka
• blus Hkkjr esa LFkk;h cankscLr ;k tehankjh O;oLFkk dh 'kq:vkr@LFkkiuk dhA
• bls Hkkjrh; ukxfjd lsok (ICS) dk tud dgk tkrk gSA
• 1805 & bldh e`R;q Hkkjr esa gqbZA
bldh dcz m-iz- ds xkthiqj esa gSA
4. Sir Johnsore 1793 – 1798
• Charter Act of 1793
• 1796 – Battle of Khurda
B/w Britishers & Nizams
5. Lord Welleselly 1798 – 1805
• blus Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1800 – Foundation of fort William college – Calcutta
• 1803 – vaxzstksa us fnYyh ij vf/kdkj djds eqxyksa dks viuk isa'kudkjh cuk;kA
6. Sir George Barlo 1805 – 1807
• 1806 – First Army Revolt of India in Vellore Tamilnadu.
7. Lord Minto I 1807 – 1813
• 1809 – Treaty of Amritsar
B/w Minto I & Ranjit Singh.
8. Lord Hastings 1813 – 1823
• Charter Act of 1813.
• He prohibited Indian Press to Press against British Emperor.
• In his period Sanyasi Revolt were happened in Bengal.
9. Lord William Bantick 1828 – 1835
• blus Hkkjr ls rhu izFkk,¡ lekIr dh
& 1829 & lrh izFkk
& 1830 & Bxh izFkk
& 1833 & uj cyh izFkk
• blus Divisional commissioner ¼esMy vk;qDr½ dk in cuk;kA
• blus vkxjk izslhMsl
a h esa SC dh [k.MihB LFkkfir dhA
• 1833 – Charter – Act.
• caxky dk vafre ,oa Hkkjr dk izFke Governer General
10. Lord Charles Metcoff 1835 – 1836
• bls Press dk eqfDr nkrk dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d blus Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa ls izfrca/k gVk;kA

11. Lord Dalhausie 1848 – 1857
• Hkkjr esa Doctrine of Lapse ¼gM+Ik dh uhfr½ pykbZA
• 1850 – First train of India started in Rurkiee which was basically a Goods
train.
• 1852 – blus Public Work Departments ¼yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dhA½
& blus India Post Departments dh LFkkiuk dhA
& blus Telegram Service dh 'kq:vkrA
& blus Posting Tickets ¼Mkd fVdVks½ dh 'kq:vkr
• 16 vizSy] 1853 & He started first passenger train Bombay to Thane on a track of
34 km.
• He made Shimla the Summer capital of the Britishers.
• 1856 & blus Widow Ramarriage Bill is'k fd;kA
12. Lord Canning (1856 – 1862)
• Last G.G. and 1st Vice Roy of India
• 1856 & widow Remarriage Act
• The Revolt of 1857.
• 1858 – Government of India Act.
• 1860 – First Indian Budget was Presented by James Wilson.
• 1861 – India High Court Act. As per this Act in 1862 3 High Court were
established in Calcutta, Madras, Bombay.
• He is known as the father of classification of Indian departments
13. Sir John Lawrence 1863 – 1869
• He started the development of Indian Railways.
• blus Hkkjr esa flapkbZ ds fy, ugjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• In 1869 – He founded Videsh Sanchan Nigam Limited.
14. Lord Mayo 1869 – 1872
• In 1870 – He founded Mayo college in Ajmer.
• In 1872 – He conducted first Census of India.
• 1872 – He was killed in part Blair by Sher Ali Afridi.
15. Lord Ripon 1880 – 1884
• He is known as the father of Indian Census.
• 1881 & fu;fer tux.ku dh 'kq:vkr djokbZA
• 1882 – He started Local Governence in India ¼LFkkuh; Lo'kklu½
• 1881 – First Factory Act and as per this act he prohibited child labour.
16. Lord Dufferin 1884 – 1888

• 1885 format of congress by A.O. Hume.
17. Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905)
• ;g Hkkjr dk lcls vfiz; ok;ljk; FkkA
• ;g ,d iqjkrkfRod Hkh FkhA
• 1904 – Foundation of Public Service Commission.
• 1904 – Foundation of Natural Disaster Commission.
• 1905 – Foundation of Arcelogical servey of India.
• 1905 – Pantition of Bengal.
18. Lord Minto – II (1905 – 1910)
• 1906 – Foundation of Muslim leage by Aaga khan.
• 1907 – Split of Congress in Surat session.
President of that session – Ras Bihari Ghosh.
• 1909 – Marley – Minto Refarms Act.
19. Lord Harding – II (1910-1916)
• 1911 – British King – George V – Arrived in India.
Getway of India.
• jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us ^tu&x.k&eu* fy[kkA
• dkaxzsl ds dydÙkk vf/kos'ku esa lcls igys xk;k x;k FkkA
vè;{krk & Bishan Narayan Dar.
• fnYyh njckj yxk;k x;kA
• 1912 esa gqvk & gkfM±x ce dkaM

• Lord Handing II ij ce Qsdk x;kA
jktfcgkjh cksl us Qsdk FkkA
• 1913 esa jfoUnzukFk VSxksj dks & Knighthood lEeku fn;k x;kA
• 1913 esa jfounz ukFk VSxksj dh jpuk xhrkatfy ds fy, bUgsa ukscy iqjLdkj feyk FkkA
• 9 tuojh] 1915 xk¡/kh th South Africa ls okil ykSVsA
20 Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
• 1916 & esa enueksgu ekyoh; us cukjl fgUnq fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1916 & egkRek xk¡/kh us lkcjerh vkJe dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1917 & Hkkjr esa xk¡/kh th dk izFke vkanksyu
pEikj.k lR;kxzg ¼fdlku vkanksyu½ fcgkj

• blh vkanksyu ds nkSjku jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us xk¡/kh th dks egkRek dh mikf/k nhA
• 1918& [ksM+k lR;kxzg
• egkRek xk¡/kh o ljnkj HkkbZ iVsy us usr`Ro fd;kA
• 10 vizSy] 1919 xk¡/kh th dks igyh ckj iyoy LVs'ku ls fxj¶rkj fd;kA
• 13 vizSy] 1919 tfy;k¡okyk ckx dkaM
• jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us knighthood dh mikf/k rFkk xk¡/kh th us dSlj&,&fgUn dh mikf/k
okil ykSVk nh FkhA
• 1919 – Montegue – chelmsfood Refarm University.
• 1 vxLr] 1920 xk¡/kh th us vlg;ksx vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA
21. Lord Reading (1921-1926)
• 1921 & Prime of wales arrived in India.
• 15 Qjojh & 1922 pkSjh&pkSjk dkaM
11 Qjojh & 1922 & xk¡/kh th us viuk vlg;ksx vkanksyu okil fy;kA
• 1923 & Lord Reading us ICS esa fyf[kr ifjrk dh 'kq:vkr djokbZA
• 1925 & eksrh yky usg: us Lojkt ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1925 & dkdksjh dkaM
22. Lord Irwin 1926-1931
• 1927 – Foundation of Delhi & Nagpur Universities.
• 1928 & Hkkjr esa lkbeu vk;ksx dk vkxeu gqvkA
blh ds fojks/k esa ykyk yktir jk; dh e`R;q ykgkSj esa gqbZA
• 1928 esa M.L Nehru us Delhi esa viuh Nehru Report is'k dhA
• 1929 & Hkxr flag] jktxq: vkSj lq[knso ds }kjk lkUMlZ dh gR;kA
• 1928 & ckjnksyh lR;kxzg
& ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy usr`Ro dj jgs FksA
• 1929 & Hkxr flag ds }kjk National Assembly esa ce Qsadk x;kA
& vkSj budykc ftUnkckn dk ukjk fn;kA
& eksgEen bdcky us fn;k FkkA
& blesa cVqds'koj nÙk us Hkxr flag dh enn dh FkhA
• 12 ekpZ] 1930 MkaMh ekpZ
• uoEcj] 1930 & yaMu esa izFke xksy est lEesyu
• 5 ekpZ 1931 & xk¡/kh&bjfou le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj gq,A
• 23 ekpZ] 1991 & dks Hkxrflag jktxq: vkSj lq[knso dks ykgkSj lsUVªy tsy esa Qk¡lh nh x;hA
23. Lord Willington (1931 – 1936)

• 1933 & pkS/kjh jger vyh us ikfdLrku 'kCn fn;kA
• 1935 & Government of India Act.
24. Lord Lin Lithgo (1936 – 1944)
• 1936 & Hkkjr esa izFke ckj pquko gq,A tks izkarh; fo/kkulHkk ds pquko FksA
• 1939 & lqHkk"k pUnz cksl & us QkjoMZ Cykd ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1940 & vxLr izLrko Hkkjr vk;kA
• 1940 & esa ikfdLrku dh ek¡x eqfLye yhx ds }kjk djkph vf/kos'ku esa dh xbZA
• 1942 & Crips Mission
• 1943 & lqHkk"k pUnz cksl us xk¡/khth dks jk"Vªfirk dgkA
25. Lord Wavell (1944-1947)
• 24 vDVwcj] 1945 & UNO dk xBu
• 1946 & Cabinet Mission Plan
• 1946 & lafo/kku lHkk dh izFke fuokZpu
• 1946 & eqfLye yhx us ukjk fn;k&
ÞfoHkktu djks vkSj tkvksß
26. Lord Mountbatten (1947–1948)
• ;g Hkkjr dk vafre ,oa Lora= Hkkjr dk igyk xouZj tujy FkkA
• 1947 – Indian Independence Act.
Chakravati Rajgopalachari (1948–1950)
• ;g izFke Hkkjrh; G.G. FksA
• bUgsa jktkth ,oa vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk pk.kD;k dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g varfje ljdkj esa f'k{kk ea=h FksA
• 24 tuojh] 1950 & President – (U.S.A ls)
24 tuojh] 1950 & Dr. Rajendra Prasad President
• bUgsa jktuhfr ds fy, 1954 esa Hkkjr jRu lEeku fn;k x;kA
Bharat Ratna
• Art, Politics, Education, Social Work
• Only 3 person in a year.
1st Bharat Ratna – S. Radhakrishnan
2nd Bharat Ratna – C. Rajgopalachari
3rd Bharat Ratna – C.V. Raman


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Ancient History izkphu Hkkjr

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Stone Age ik"kk.k ;qx

• blh dky esa euq"; us vkx dk vfo"dkj fd;kA

Belan River Valley.

• bl dky esa euq"; us Ik'kqikyu dh 'kq:vkr dhA

3. Nealethic Period – uo ik"kk.k dky & (400 B.C – 2500 B.C)

• bl dky esa euq"; us Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Indus-Valley Civilisation – 2500 BC – 1700 BC

• ;g lH;rk ,d 'kgjh lH;rk FkhA bldk vkdkj f=Hkqth; FkkA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

By Abhishek Suman Sir

1. Harappa (Pakistan Mantgomai) 1921 Ravi Daya Ram

3. Sutkagandor (Balochistan Pak) 1927 Dashka R.L. Styme

4. Chandhudaro (Sindh Pak) 1931 Indus M.G.

5. Rangpur (Ahmedabad, Gujarat) 1953 Sabermati M.S vatsya

7. Lothal (Gujarat) 1955 Bhogwa S.R. Rao

9. Alamgirpur (Meerut U.P) 1958 Hindan V.D. Sharma

10. Banawali (Haryana) 1973 Saraswati R.S Bisht

11. Dhoulavira (Gujarat) 1990 Bhogwa R.S. Bisht

12. Rakhigarhi (Haryana) 1990 Saraswati Ratiq Maghal

• Indus Valley Civilization ds lokZf/kd LFky xqtjkr esa gSA

• gM+Iik ls feyus okyh lcls cM+h bekjr ,d 12 d{kks dk vUukxkj FkkA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

• pwfM+;ksa ,oa fyfifLVd ds lk{; Hkh feys gSaA

• ;g bl lH;rk dk canjxkg Fkk vkSj bl lH;rk dh okf.kfT;d jkt/kkuh Hkh FkkA

• Qkjl dh eqnzk Hkh feyh gSA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

_Xosn Rigveda (1500 – B.C – 1000 B.C)

By Abhishek Suman Sir

By Abhishek Suman Sir

9- psanh & lErherh

13- oRl; & dkS'kkEch

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Known as – Light of Asia

• blds ckn bUgksaus ckS) la?k dh LFkkiuk lkjukFk esa dhA

Minimum age to join – 15 years

By Abhishek Suman Sir

izFke ckS) egk laxhfr & 483

Chairmen – Sabakmir/ Sanvakamini

rhljh ckS) egklaxhfr & 251 B.C

Work – ckS) /keZ esa rhljk fiVd tksM+k x;kA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

23rd & ik'oZukFk &

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Birth – 540 B.C dq.Mxzke oS'kkyh

cpiu dk uke o)Zeku

iRuh & Yashoda

iq=h & Priyadarshra/Anojja

nkekn & Jamali

• 30 o"kZ dh vk;q esa o)Zeku us viuk xzg R;kx fn;kA

• 468 B.C esa egkohj Lokeh dh e`R;q ikokiqnh esa gqbZA

300 B.C ex/k] LFkwyHknz] LosrkEcj] Hknzckgw] fnxEcj

1st tSu egklaxhfr

By Abhishek Suman Sir

Place – oYyHkh xqtjkr

Chairman – nso/khZ {kek{ke.k

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By Abhishek Suman Sir

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