IX –CHEMISTRY

L-1 MATTER AROUND US - SUPPORT

MATERIAL)
WATCH ALL THESE VIDEOS BY CLICKING THE
LINKS GIVEN BELOW & THEN READ ALL THE
ACTIVITIES FROM 1.1 TO 1.14 GIVEN IN THE
TEXTBOOK
1. https://youtu.be/bxaPf7HRjZo-------- sublimation video

2. https://youtu.be/XDkmavL4qzU heating ------heating curve video

3. https://youtu.be/OjElFVfHdWs : Matter
around us

4.https://youtu.be/hSLZJ-P3VBU ------ Evaporation

5. https://youtu.be/5BQPisawrwE ---------- boiling

and melting point videos
6. Now try this quiz by clicking this link given below:
https://youtu.be/kqKs1MakLIA

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IX –CHEMISTRY
L-1 MATTER AROUND US (NOTES)

NCERT SOLUTIONS:
I GIVE REASONS:
1. Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any
solid.
Naphthalene balls under goes sublimation process by absorbing
heat energy from the surrounding that is why they disappear without
leaving any solid. (The conversion of solid to gas and vice-versa is
called sublimation.)
https://youtu.be/bxaPf7HRjZo-------- sublimation video

2. We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.

The molecules of perfume diffuses in all directions in between the
air molecules as perfume is a volatile liquid therefore we can get the
smell of perfume sitting several metres away.

3. Ice at 273K (0oC) is more effective in cooling than water at same

temperature.
It is because, ice at 273K will take heat energy to convert itself into
water. (latent heat of fusion). Therefore, water has more heat
energy than ice. Thus, ice is more effective in cooling than water

4. Steam produces severe burns.

It is because steam at 100oC contains more heat energy than
boiling water at the same temperature (latent heat of vaporization).
It is this extra heat energy in steam which causes severe burns.

5. Water kept in an earthern pot (matka) become cool during

summer.

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 Molecules of water escape through the pores of the earthern
pot and come out. These water molecules absorb heat from
the pot and from the water molecules present inside the pot
and evaporates. This causes lowering of temperature and more
cooling of water.

6. Our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol

or perfume on it.
Acetone, petrol and perfume are all volatile liquids. These
liquids evaporate quickly at room temperature by absorbing
heat energy from our palm. Thus the temperature of our palm
falls and gives us a cool feeling.

7. We are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer

rather than a cup?
Because of the wider surface area of the saucer, the hot tea
evaporates faster.
This results in decrease in temperature and cooling of the
tea. That is why we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a
saucer rather than a cup.

8. A desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day than on a

humid day.
On a hot dry day, the humidity in the atmosphere is very
low. As a result the water present in the desert cooler
evaporates faster, taking the heat from the room. This causes
decrease in temperature and we feel cool.
On a humid day, the atmosphere is full of moisture.
Therefore it is unable to take in any more water vapour, so
water does not vaporize easily and cooling does not happen.

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9. Wearing cotton clothes is more comfortable in summer?
Cotton clothes have a large number of small pores and it is
a good absorber of sweat.
So it exposes the sweat to the atmosphere for easy
evaporation. During evaporation water particles take heat
energy from our body thus lowering the temperature and
causes cooling. Therefore wearing cotton clothes is more
comfortable in summer.

10.A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept

The particles in gases are very loosely packed
The kinetic energy is maximum .
The force of attraction between the particles is minimum.

11.A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.

Gas particles move randomly at high speed. As a result they
hit each other and also the walls of the container.
The pressure exerted by the gas is because of this force
exerted by gas per unit area on the walls of the container.

12.The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several

metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have
to go close.
Ans) When the food is hot the kinetic energy will be more
and diffusion of particles will be more.
That is the reason why the smell of hot sizzling food reaches
us several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food we
have to go close.

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 13.A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming
pool. Which property of matter does this observation
show?
This observation shows that the intermolecular space is
high in liquid and force of attraction between particles is
very less. So the diver can easily pass through it.

14. A wooden table should be called a solid./ An iron

almirah is a solid at room temperature.
(i) Intermolecular forces are very strong.
(ii) Intermolecular spaces, as well as,

(iii) kinetic energy are very small.(any three valid

reasons)
Thus, the molecules are held very very tightly, with the
result, the wooden table/iron almirah has a definite shape
and definite volume, and hence, is a solid.

15. We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same
through a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.
Ans) Particles of air have large spaces between them.
On the other hand, wood has little space between its particles.
Also, it is rigid. For this reason, we can easily move our hands in
air, but to do the same through a solid block of wood, we need a
karate expert.

16. Liquids generally have lower density as compared to

solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water.
Find out why.
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 ANS) Ice which is a solid has vacant spaces between
water molecules, thus making ice lighter than water. Thus,
the density of ice becomes less than water and so it floats
on water. [For further details watch the video anomalous
behavior of water]

17. For any substance, the temperature remains constant

during the change of state.

It’s because the heat supplied is utilized in changing

the state by overcoming the forces of attraction
between the particles. Therefore, this heat does not
contribute in increasing or decreasing the temperature
of the substance. Such heat is called latent heat.
https://youtu.be/XDkmavL4qzU heating ------heating curve video

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 18.Water at room temperature is a liquid.
(i) Takes the shape of the container
(ii) Water can flow.
iii) Intermolecular spaces and kinetic energy is
more.
iii) Intermolecular force of attraction is less. (any
three valid reasons)

19.Solid carbondioxide is called as dry ice.

Ans) Solid carbondioxide is stored under high pressure.
(i)If the pressure is decreased to 1 atmosphere (normal
atmospheric pressure) or (ii) if the temperature is increased it
changes into gas without coming into liquid state. So this solid
CO2 it is called as dry ice.

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20. We can see water droplets on the surface of a glass
tumbler containing ice cold water.
Ans) The water vapour present in the atmosphere, on coming
with contact with the cold glass of water condenses to form
liquid water.

21. After a hot sunny day,people sprinkle water on the roof

or open ground.
Ans) It is because of the large latent heat of vaporization of
water which helps to cool the hot surface.( evaporation of
water causes cooling effect.)
II Define the following:

1. Latent heat of vaporization: Latent heat of vaporisation is the quantity of

heat energy required to change 1kg of liquid to gas at boiling point.

2.Latent heat of fusion: Latent heat of fusion is the quantity of heat energy
required to change 1kg of solid to liquid at melting point.

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 3. Matter:Anything that occupies space and has mass.

III) TABULATE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

NO. CHARACTERISTICS SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES

1. RIGIDITY Highly rigid Very less rigid Not rigid

2. MASS Definite Definite Definite

3. VOLUME Definite Definite No fixed volume

4. SHAPE Definite Takes the shape No fixed shape

of the container

COMPRESSIBILITY Negligible Low Highly

5. compressible

6. FLUIDITY Does not flow Flows from Flows in any

higher level to direction.
lower level

7. KINETIC ENERGY (K.E) Least K.E Medium Maximum K.E

8. DENSITY Maximum Medium Least

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 Almost nil Diffuse
9. DIFFUSION Diffuse slowly very fast

10. FORCE OF ATTRACTION Very strong Medium Very weak

/BOND

11. INTER MOLECULAR DISTANCE Least Medium Highest

12. STORAGE Can be stored Open /closed Only closed
without container container is container
needed
13. ARRANGEMENT OF Closely packed Not closely Very loosely
MOLECULES packed. packed.
14. MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES Very little Can move Quick and random
movemement in easily movement
the form of
vibrations.

Now try this quiz by clicking this link given below:

https://youtu.be/kqKs1MakLIA

IV. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. What are the four characteristics of particles of matter?

Ans) Particles of matter :
i) are very very small
ii) have spaces between them.
iii) are continuously moving.
iv) attract each other.

https://youtu.be/OjElFVfHdWs : MATTER
AROUND US

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2. Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almond, thought, cold, lemon water, smell
of perfume.

Ans; Chair and almond - solid state of matter

Lemon water - liquid state of matter.
Air -gaseous states of matter .
Love, smell, hate, thought, cold and smell of perfume are not matter, as they are feelings
that do not have mass and don’t occupy space.

3 .The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density =

mass/ volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density - air,
exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron.
ANS) Air, exhaust from chimney, cotton, water, honey, chalk, and iron.

4.Suggest two ways to liquefy gases.

Ans) i) by decreasing the temperature(cooling) and

iii)by increasing pressure (compressing).

5.Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction

between particles - water, sugar, and oxygen.

Ans : Oxygen, water, sugar.

6.What is the physical state of water at :
(a) 25°C
(b) 0°C

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 (c) 100°C
(d) 250oC
Ans :
(a) At 25°C------ Liquid state
(b) At 0°C------- water can exists as both solid and liquid.
(c) At 100°C------ water can exist as both liquid and gas.
(d) At 250oC------gaseous state

7 . Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change

in its state.

Ans : A-FUSION/MELTING
B-VAPORISATION
C-CONDENSATION
D-SOLIDIFICATION/FREEZING
E- SUBLIMATION
F-DEPOSITION/SUBLIMATION

8. Write the differences between Evaporation and Boiling:

Evaporation Boiling
https://youtu.be/hSLZJ-P3VBU

1. It is a surface phenomenon. 1. It is a bulk phenomenon.

2. It can take place at any temperature
below the boiling point.
3. Causes cooling as particles escape
taking away the heat energy.
4. Slow process
2. It can take place only at the fixed
temperature (boiling point) .
3. Does not cause cooling as it happens
at constant temperature.
4. Fast process.

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9. Draw neat labelled diagrams given below after watching this video :

https://youtu.be/5BQPisawrwE ---------- boiling and

melting point videos
i) Melting point of ice

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ii) Boiling point of water

iii) Sublimation of ammonium chloride fig.1.7 page no. 8

NCERT

ALL THE BEST

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