Worksheet

Chapter 2

Class X (by satnam sir)

Q1 How are activities in the economy classifed on the basis of economic activities ?

Ans. On the basis of employment conditionsthe economic activities are classifedas,

(i) Primary Sectors : When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources it is an

activity of primary sector. Agriculture, dairy, fshing, forestry. mining are some industries
which are included inthis activity.
(ii) Secondary Sectors : The activity where natural products are changed into other form
through the ways of manufacturing then its called as secondary sector. For eg: Sugar
industry, cotton textile, paper, industry are some such industries which perform such
activity.
(iii) Tertiary Sector : The activity that helps in the development of primary and secondary
sector are activities included in Tertiary sector. Banking, communication storage,
transport etc are the services which are included in this sector.

Q2 Do you think the classifcation of economic activitiesinto primary secondaryand tertiary is

useful? Explain how?

Ans. Yes the classifcation of economic activities is useful. This is because.

(i) It gives us a clear picture about the share of each sector in the Gross Domestic Product of
the country. (ii) It gives us an idea about the employment opportuniites created by each
sector and number of people are engaged in different sectors. (iii) It also helps to
understand how the different sectors are interdependent on each other. (iv) It also helps us
to know the level of development of a country.

Q3 How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

Ans. (i) These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. (ii)
These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the
production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would
need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops. At times, it
may be necessary to store these in godowns. He also may need to talk to others over Sectors of The
Indian Economy (Solved) telephone or send letters (communication) or borrow money from banks
(banking) to help production and trade. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are
some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the
tertiary sector is also called the service sector.
Q4 Make a long list of all kinds of work that youfind adults around you doing or a living. In what
way you can classify them? Explain your choice.

Ans. The list of work that the adults do for the living is given below.

They are classifed into three sections :

PRIMARY : Dairy Tailor Priest 2. Agriculture

SECONDARY: Workers in a match factory

TERTIARY:

Q5 What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the
urban and rural areas.

Ans. (i) When more people are engaged in an activity which actually can be done by few then such a
situation is called as disguised unemployment. (ii) Disguised unemployment is more common in
rural areas then urban. (iii) In rural areas it is more common amongst the labour working in
agriculture. The labour working in agriculture are mainly disguised unemployed. This is because the
farmers of India are poor and they cannot afford to buy machines. As a result the work that can be
done by few labours and is done by more labour leading to disguised unemployment. (iv) In urban
areas disguised unemployment is observed in the government sector. Even if the government
company is making losses it will never remove people who are unproductive leading to disguised
unemployment.

Q6 Distinguish between Open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Ans. (a) Open Unemployment: India is a large country with a very large population. It has got a very
large working force. This working forces are able bodied persons and are willing to work but the
present system is unable to absorb them. The main reason behind this is lack of development in
agriculture and industrial sector. We lack resources to bring an improvement in agriculture and
industries. So employment is not provided to the working force. This causes unemployment which is
called as structural or open unemployment.

(a) Disguised Unemployment: Farmers in India use old methods of production in agriculture
because they are poor. As a result of which they have to employ large number of labourers
to perform an activity. If the farmers use modern methods of cultivation then with the help
of the machine same activity can be done by less number of labourers Sectors of The Indian
Economy 206 SolvedQuestionsbut because the farmers are poor they cannot purchase
machinery. As a result of which an activity which can be done by less number of labourers is
done by large number of labourers. These are the factors that causes disguised
unemployment. 6. Service Sector in India employs two different kinds of people.

Q7 “Tertiary Sector is not playing any signifcant role in the development of Indian Economy.”
Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answers.

Ans. The above statement is not 100% correct statement. No doubt that the contribution of
tertiary sector was not satisfactory upto the year 2000 but after 2000 the tertiary sector has
 contributed towards employment on a large scale. This sector plays a signi�cant role in the
development of India. This is because of following reasons. (i) The government takes
responsibility of developing hospital, educational institutions, post office etc. which has too led
development of tertiary sector. (ii) Due to the development in agriculture and industries the
demand for services like trade and transport has increased considerably. (iii) As the level of
income rise people demand services like shopping, hotels, tourism, eating out, private hospitals,
private schools, professional training etc. (iv) New services such as information technology and
communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these
services has been rising rapidly.

Q8 Service Sector in India employs two different kinds of people who are these?

Ans. (i) The service sector in India mainly employs two different kinds of people namely : (a) One
who directly helps in production of goods. (b) One who may not directly help in the production of
goods. (ii) The set of people who directly help in the production of goods are linked with the primary
and secondary sector. For eg : People who are engaged in transport, storage, communication,
Banking and trade. (iii) The service sector employs such people who may not directly help in the
production of goods. For eg : Teachers, Doctors, Lawyers, Washerman, Barber, Cobblers and people
who do administrative and accounting works. Even if these people don’t help in the production of
goods but they render personal services which are equally important in the development of country.

Q9 “Labourers are exploited in the unorganized sector”. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of
answer.

Ans. (i) Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave,
holidays, leave due to sickness etc. (ii) Employment is subject to high degree of insecurity. People
can be asked to leave without any reason. (iii) When there is less work, such as during some seasons,
some people may be asked to leave. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. (iv) Here a
large number of people are employed on their doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing
repair work.

Q10 Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.

Ans. (i) In organised sector the terms of employment are regular and they are registered by the
goverenment and have to follow its rules and regulations. So it is in the interest of the employee. But
in unorganised sector it is not followed. (ii) Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of
employment but workers in the unorganised sector dont have any security of employment. (iii)
Workers in organised sector are expected to work only for a fxed umber of hours and they are also
paid overtime for extra work. In unorganised sector there is no fixed number of working hours.3 (iv)
In organised sector the workers get paid leave, payment during holidays provident fund, gratuity etc,
but workers of unorganised sector are deprived of these benefts. (v) Workers in organised sector are
paid pensions after retirement but the workers of the unorganised sector are not paid any pension.3

Q11 The workers in unorganised sector need protection an following issues : wages, safety and
health. Explain with example .

OR
Workers are exploited in the unorganised Do you agree with this view? Give reason in support of
your answer.

Ans. The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside
the control of government. In rural areas, agricultural labourer, carpenter, washerman, gold smith,
black smith etc are included in the unorganised sector. In urban areas small mill workers, truck
drivers. venders etc are included in the unorganised sector. Most of the workers in rural as well as
urban areas are exploited because the government has very little control over this sector.

The exploitation of these workers is done in following ways. (i) Jobs here are low paid and often not
regular. (ii) There is no provision for over time, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. (iii)
Employment is not secured people can be asked to leave without any reason. Sectors of The Indian
Economy 207 SolvedQuestions (iv) When there is less work such as during off season. Some people
may be asked to leave. (v) A lot also depends on the wimps of the employer. (vi) This sector included
a large number of people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the
street or doing repair work. Similarly farmers who work on their own and their labourers as and
when they require. (vii) As a result the workers of this sector needs protection.