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ARTS
Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the
19th century among a group of Paris-based artists. The duration of the
impressionist movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to
the mid-1880s. But it had a tremendous impact and influence on the painting
styles that followed, such as neo-impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism,
and cubism—and even the artistic styles and movements of today. The name
impressionism was coined from the title of a work by French painter Claude
Monet, Impression, soleil levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise).
CLAUDE MONET
Claude Monet (1840-1926) was one of the founders of the impressionist
movement along with his
friends Auguste Renoir,
Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric
Bazille. He was the most
prominent of the group; and is
considered the most
influential figure in the
movement. Monet is best
known for his landscape
paintings, particularly those
depicting his beloved flower
gardens and water lily ponds at
his home in Giverny.

IMPRESSION SUNRISE
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Post-Impressionism:
After the brief yet highly influential period of impressionism, an outgrowth movement
known as post-impressionism emerged. The European artists who were at the forefront of this
movement continued using the basic qualities of the impressionists before them—the vivid
colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-to-life subjects. However, they expanded and
experimented with these in bold new ways, like using a geometric approach, fragmenting
objects and distorting people’s faces and body parts, and applying colors that were not
necessarily realistic or natural.

VINCENT VAN GOGH

Vincent van Gogh
(1853-1890) was a post-
impressionist painter from
The Netherlands. His works
were remarkable for their
strong, heavy brush
strokes, intense emotions,
and colors that appeared
to almost pulsate with
energy. Van Gogh’s striking
style was to have a far-
reaching influence on 20th
century art, with his works
becoming among the most
recognized in the world.

STARRY NIGHT

Expressionism: A Bold New Movement

In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a movement that came to be
known as expressionism. Expressionist artists created works with more emotional
force, rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve this, they distorted outlines,
applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms. They worked more with their imagination
and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world.
Among the various styles that arose within the expressionist art movements were:
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• neoprimitivism
• fauvism
• dadaism
• surrealism
• social realism

Neoprimitivism
Neoprimitivism was an art style that incorporated
elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and
the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenly became
popular at that time. Among the Western artists who adapted
these elements was Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval
faces and elongated shapes of African art in both his sculptures
and paintings.

Fauvism
Fauvism was a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions. Its name
was derived from les fauves (“wild beasts”), referring to
the group of French expressionist painters who painted in
this style. Perhaps the most known among them was Henri
Matisse.

Blue window
Henri Matisse,1911

Dadaism
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Dadaism was a style characterized by
dream fantasies, memory images, and
visual tricks and surprises—as in the
paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de
Chirico below. Although the works
appeared playful, the movement arose
from the pain that a group of European
artists felt after the suffering brought by
World War I. Wishing to protest against the
civilization that had brought on such
horrors, these artists rebelled against
established norms and authorities, and
against the traditional styles in art. They
chose the child’s term for hobbyhorse,
dada, to refer to their new “non-style.”
Melancholy and Mystery of a Street
Giorgio de Chirico,1914

Surrealism

Surrealism was a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world

beyond the logical, conscious,
physical one. Its name came
from the term “super realism,”
with its artworks clearly
expressing a departure from
reality—as though the artists
were dreaming, seeing illusions,
or experiencing an altered
mental state.

Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali, 1931

P.E
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A. Health-related components of Physical Fitness.

There are five components ofphysical fitness:

(1) body composition,
(2) flexibility,
(3) muscular strength,
(4) muscular endurance, and
(5) cardiorespiratory endurance.
A well-balanced exercise program should include activities that address all of the health-related
components of fitness. Aerobic activities develop cardiorespiratory endurance and burn calories to
aid in achieving a healthy body composition. Muscle-strengthening activities develop muscular strength
and endurance and assist with the development of a healthy body composition. Activities such as
stretching and yoga help improve flexibility. Physical activity guidelines for adults are presented below.

B. Aerobic Activities.
1. According to the Centers for Disease Control, adults should perform 2 hours and 30 minutes (150
minutes) per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity OR 1 hour and 15 minutes (75 minutes) per
week of vigorous-intensity OR an equivalent mix of both.
2. Aerobic activity should be performed for at least 10 minutes at a time and spread throughout the
week.
3. For greater health benefits, 5 hours (300 minutes) per week at a moderate intensity level or 2 hours
and 30 minutes (150 minutes) at a vigorous-intensity level or an equivalent mix of both is
recommended.
4. The American College of Sports Medicine states that moderate-intensity physical activity between
150-250 minutes per week is effective in preventing weight gain, but will provide only modest weight
loss. Physical activity greater than 250 minutes per week is recommended for weight loss and the
prevention of weight
gain.
a. Examples of moderate-intensity physical activities.
(1) Walking briskly (about 3 miles per hour or faster but not race walking).
(2) Water aerobics.
(3) Bicycling, riding less than 10 mph.
(4) Tennis (doubles).
(5) Ballroom dancing.
(6) General gardening.
b. Examples of vigorous-intensity physical activities.
(1) Race walking, jogging, and running.
(2) Bicycling 10 mph or faster.
(3) Swimming laps.
(4) Aerobic dancing.
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(5) Jumping rope.

Skill Related Fitness

Speed
Most sports and activities require some form of speed. Even long-distance
running often requires a burst of speed to finish the race ahead of your
competitors. Speed is defined as the ability to move a body part quickly.
Speed is not always about how quickly you can move your whole body from A
to B. It also relates to body parts. For example, when playing golf, the speed of
your arms and upper body in creating the swing are vital in driving the ball
over a long distance.

Reaction Time
Reaction time is how quickly your brain can respond to a stimulus and initiate
a response. This is important in most sports. The most obvious being
responding to the gun at the start of a race, but also a goalkeeper saving a
penalty, or a badminton player reacting to a smash shot. The examples in
sport are endless!

Agility
Being agile is all about being able to change your direction and the speed at
which you are travelling, quickly and efficiently. This is common in sports such
as football and rugby where the player with the ball dodges a defender, or in
badminton or tennis, moving around the court quickly to reach the
shuttlecock/ball in time.

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Balance
Balance is the ability to maintain equilibrium whilst stationary or moving.
Balance whilst moving is often called dynamic balance. Balance is important in
all kinds of sporting situations, most notably in gymnastics and ballet but also
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contact sports where having good balance may prevent you from being
tackled to the floor! Balance is linked to agility, as in order to quickly and
efficiently change direction you must be balanced.

Coordination
Coordination is the ability to use the body parts and senses together to
produce smooth efficient movements. We have all seen someone who is
uncoordinated, their movement looks awkward and shaky. Being co-ordinated
is vital in all sports, for example, hand-eye coordination in racket sports and
the coordination to use the opposite arm and leg when sprinting.

Power
Power is the product of strength and speed. When we perform a task as
quickly and as forcefully as we can, the result is powerful. For example, a sprint
start, a shot-put or javelin throw or long-jump.

HEALTH
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