COMSATS UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD AND ABBOTTABAD CAMPUS

Name: Javeria Nazeer

Registration no: CIIT/SP22-BES-005/ATD

Submitted to: Dr. Abdul Nazeer

Topic: Savannas and grassland

Assignment:2

Savannas and grassland

Introduction

The word savannas comes from the 16th-century word sabana,which means

“treeless plain.”A grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.

Grassland

Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses.Grasslands are

found where there is not enough regular rainfall to support the growth of a forest,

but not so little that a desert forms.

Global perspective

Savanna covers approximately 20% of the Earth’s land area.savannahs are mostly

located in areas having warm to hot climates, such as those in Africa, Australia,

Thailand, South America and India.

Grassland and Shrubland Biome of Pakistan

1
The grassland and shrubland biome of Pakistan includes Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub

and meadows.

Location

Location of Grassland and Shrubland Biome of Pakistan: This biome is present in lower Chitral,

Waziristan, Kashmir, and Gilgit.

Climate of Grassland in Pakistan

This biome is present at 3,300 and 3,600 altitudes. The recorded rainfall is up to 250mm. The

region receives rainfall from the monsoon season. The climate of the grassland and shrubland

biome of Pakistan is characterized as dry temperate with subtropic and sub-humid weather

conditions. The temperature ranges from 5 °C to 15 °C.

Soil conditions

There is low precipitation (raining) in grass lands, So the soil moisture is limited due to high

evaporation. Upper soil layer is normally moist.

Animal life:

Dominant species are herbivores Invertebrates including Insects are very numerous.. The

predators are reptiles, amphibians and mammals, such as lizards, toads and turtles.

Threats

Agriculture practice

Poor agricultural practices can ruin soil and strip grasslands of life. If crops are not rotated

properly, the soil can become infertile and nothing can be grown for several years .. The main

threat in this matter is the overgrazing of other animals.

Climate change

2
Due to small amounts of greens, this biome gets exposed to too much heat and drought. With

climate change, such periods grow worse over time. Savannas also suffer from desertification

due to climate change. It’s an effect caused by other factors as well.

Human activity

Humans are the main threat to Savannas, these activities that affect the biome. Land converting

for agriculture. Overgrazing of livestock, Irrigation method and water usage, wildlife hunting .

Global warming

Continued global warming could turn current marginal grasslands into deserts as rainfall patterns

change .

Urban area

Development of urban areas is increasingly cutting into grassland habitat

Habitat loss

Grasslands are threatened by habitat loss, which can be caused by human actions, such as

unsustainable agricultural practices, overgrazing, and crop clearing.

Toxic pesticides used in agricultural croplands can be deadly for wild flora and fauna.

Prevention

Continue education efforts

Protect and restore the wetland

Rotate agriculture crop.

Controlled burning of grassland to avoid wildfires.

Plant trees as wind break

3
Reference

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna

https://www.envpk.com/grassland-and-shrubland-ecosystem-of-pakistan-climatic-biome/

https://biologyboom.com/terrestrial-ecosystems/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/grassland-threats

https://safarinerd.com/threats-to-savanna/

https://grasslandsbiomeproject.weebly.com/problems-and-solution.html