Social: Education, Rise Of

The Chinese Mestizo, Rise

of the Inquilino
Group 2
Balladares, Cor Uriel A.
Bancairen, Hadaza D.
Capilla, Keyna
Desoyo, Irish Mae A.
Dinglasa, Clyeo Pearl
Dumaloan, Cherymei B.
Torres, Glenneth
 Objectives
Discover the different reasons behind the rise of the Chinese mestizo
01. and the rise of the inquilino, leading to economic growth and
develpment

Identify the factors affecting the rise of the Chinese mestizo and
02. the rise of the inquilinos that contributed to our economic
development
 SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE
PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN:

HIGHEST CLASS MIDDLE CLASS LOWEST CLASS

- the people in this
- the people in this class - the people in this class
class are the
are the natives, mestizos, are the filipinos
Spaniards,
and the creoles
Peninsulares, and the
friars
 TIMELINE
Success of the
The colonial
educational work of
government in
Spain in the
1846 Manila issued a decree 1886 Philippines
on primary education

The aptitude to learn

The decree was not
of the Indio was 1863 1896
completely successful
remarkable

▪ The teachers are Spanish missionaries

▪ Education was religion-oriented
▪ Christian doctrine, prayers, and sacred songs
▪ 3R's - Reading, Writing and Religion
CRITICISMS IN THEIR EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
1. Overemphasis on religious matter
2. Poor classroom facilities
3. Absence of teaching materials
4. Shortage of teachers
5. Primary education was neglected
6. Prejudice against Filipinos in the
schools of higher learning
7. Friar control over the system
HISTORY
❑Why are Chinese mestizos not widely talked about? ❑Influential figures in the areas of
❑Four categories of population industry, commerce and business
❑Probable reason of the categorization ❑“the pacto de retro”
❑Rights during this time
❑Significant role
❑How are people categorized? 1741-1850
❑Rise of Chinese mestizos ❑Rizal is fifth generation
❑Creation of Binondo on 1594 Chinese mestizo

❑1810 statistics by Comyn

Before 1741 ❑Accounts on how great the economic position 1850 – 1898
of the Chinese position of the Chinese mestizo
- Lannoy(1840)
- Sinibaldo de Mas (1842)
- Zamora (1840)
 Reasons Behind The Rise Of
Chinese Mestizos
❑ Chinese' growing population.
❑ The evolution of a large Chinese colony performing
multiple services as traders, artisans, and domestic servants.
This made them indispensable to the needs of the capital.
❑ The Chinese mestizos were described as more active and
enterprising, more prudent and pioneering, and more
oriented to trade and commerce than the Indios.
❑ The Chinese mestizos in the Philippines possessed a unique
combination of cultural characteristics.
 THE INQUILINOS
a person who held a near-hereditary lease on agricultural land in the Spanish Philippines on the
late 19 Century.
is a labourer indebted to a landlord who allows him to form a farm in parts of his property (usually
in the marginal lands to keep away intruders) and who in exchange of works
Kasamahans/Kasamas- indigenous tenant farmers, or the
inquilinos genrally hired sharecroppers, the kasamahans or
kasamas, to work the land
Two Classes of Inquilinos
Big Inquilinos- employed overseers or katiwala - their children studied at the
best schools in Manila or abroad
Small Inquilinos-often in debt to big inquilinos
 Hierarchy in the Inquilinos System
❑ Farm land in the Philippines is mostly owned
by friars and secular Spanish
❑ The estate management was granted to an
administrator who is a Spanish Mestizo
❑ Inquilinos paid a fixed rent and the amount was
determined by the size and quality of the land
being worked on
❑ With the expansion of land owned by
missionary congregations the proportions of the
farmlands leased to inquilinos also increased
 REASONS BEHIND THE RISE OF THE
INQUILINOS
Converted to Catholicism
Dominates rice trading, supplying Manila
Acquired farm lands and leased from the religious estates
Desire for economic expansion
Acquire social status , facilitate assimilation and participation as part of the
non-Spanish elite Society
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RISE OF
INQUILINOS

The demand for cultivation.

Acquiring wealth through profits

gained from owned and rented
lands.

The role of the Filipino women

 That ends our report!
Thank you for listening!
 REFERENCES
● https://www.slideshare.net/YosefEricHipolito/19th-century-
philippines-as-rizals-context
● https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-21-
1983/buhler.pdf
● https://www.slideshare.net/MsKrabbs19/rizal-in-the-19th-
century-philippines
● https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/nueva-ecija-university-
of-science-and-technology/bsed-english/unit-2-19th-century-
rizals-context/20256849
● www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1986_num_32_1_2316,
10.3406/arch.1986.2316.
● https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5lmohl/A-Good-and-Middle-
Class-Family-The-Rizal-family-belonged-to-the-principalia-a/