PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Remote Learning Series 2020 – 2021

UNIT III - Module 6:

Communication for Various Purposes

Start It Right…
Read the Learning Outcomes of this Module.

At the end of the learning engagement, you should be able to:

1. enumerate the purposes of communication,
2. differentiate among various purposes of communication,
3. enhance skills in producing communications for information, persuasion and motivation,
5. participate in activities in discussing various purposes of communication, and
6. appreciate the significance of understanding various purposes of communication.

Hook up and Share…

A. Rack Your Brain. Try to figure out the message in each of these Rebus Puzzles.
Have fun! (From narragansettbeer.com)

1_____________ 2_____________ 3_____________ 4____________ 5_____________ 6______________

7_____________ 8_____________ 9_____________ 10___________ 11____________ 12______________

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 Watch and Buzz…
Use the Internet and view the video presentation titled ―Why Truly Sociable
People Hate Parties‖ at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQpQVOPokhk. Then
answer the questions about the content of the video presentation.

This video presentation from The School of Life claims or argues that truly sociable people tend
to hate parties a lot. Sounds ironical, right?
1. What reasons were given to support this argument?

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2. Did you think that these reasons warrant a connection to make the claim valid and convincing?
Explain.
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 Show and Tell…
A. Purpose of Communication. The following are communications that express
different purposes. Read them, then identify and explain the communication purpose
beneath these utterances. Is it one that informs, persuades, motivates, entertains, warns,
insults, gives order, instructs, demands, mocks, pleads, appreciates, etc.?

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B. Responding to Image. Study the photo of a print advertisement below. Then answer the questions
that follow.

Questions: What is the purpose of this communication? How effective is it in achieving its purpose?
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Is the communication complete that you get what you need to know and do? Explain.
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C. Reacting to the Text. We are constantly beset with challenges or issues that we want to get rid of.
Here is a song about facing life’s challenges and issues simply ―with a smile‖. Read it (or sing it), and
then write a reaction of 50 – 75 words based on the question asked in this task.

With A Smile
By: Eraseheads

Lift your head, baby, don't be scared

Of the things that could go wrong along the way
You'll get by with a smile
You can't win at everything but you can try

Baby, you don't have to worry

'Coz there ain't no need to hurry
No one ever said that there's an easy way
When they're closing all their doors
And they don't want you anymore
This sounds funny but I'll say it anyway

Girl I'll stay through the bad times

Even if I have to fetch you everyday
We'll get by with a smile
You can never be too happy in this life

In a world where everybody

Hates a happy ending story
It's a wonder love can make the world go round
But don't let it bring you down
And turn your face into a frown
You'll get along with a little prayer and a song

Lift your head, baby, don't be scared

Of the things that could go wrong along the way
You'll get by with a smile
Now it's time to kiss away those tears goodbye

Questions: What is the communication purpose of this song? What thoughts in the song may have
encouraged or motivated you to do things to avoid the frustration or pain that you are feeling?
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D. Persuasive Speech Analysis. Read aloud the proceeding speech about activism from Best Speech
Topics and ConceptSell™ LLC. Then analyze it by answering the questions that follow.
Become an Activist
My fellow young people, ladies, and gentlemen.
Firstly, I should like to sincerely thank you for considering becoming activists, with the goal of making this world a
better place for all of us.
Being a young person growing up in a rural part of the developing world, I have never liked to be called a "leader of
tomorrow." Many of our politicians have adopted this phrase, always calling the youths "leaders of tomorrow." Are
you one of the leaders of tomorrow? As for me, I strongly deny that I am a leader of TODAY and tomorrow.
To me, leadership is not a process, but a natural choice based on how well one is able to lead and influence.
If we are to go back to records of most of the well documented past events, we had prominent figures like Nelson
Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jnr - to mention just a few - who still stand as examples of what
an activist must be. They are the people who, on our behalf, took a stand to decide on how the future of our world
should look.
Ladies and gentlemen, the actions of these people I have mentioned turned some stones and put in place some
precedents we still enjoy today. They were true activists, with no corrupt minds at all.
There are many issues facing us today, which really need our collective attention. We talk of global warming, and
climate change, human trafficking, terrorism, high rates of unemployment, poverty, and hunger in the developing
world. All of these issues need our attention as leaders of today.
It is not too late for us to become activists and stand together in a common battle of making this world a conducive
living place for all of us. We can all do something to change this world, to be what we want to see out of it.
Ladies and gentlemen, changing the world is not a matter of carrying on our shoulders weapons of mass
destruction. It is not an issue of holding terrorizing demonstrations in our streets. It is not about looting public
places, but it is about coming up with good initiatives and constructive actions. Yes! Constructive actions.
We are today living in a world which others created for us. We, too, can partner to combat all these universal
problems if we are to forget ourselves. We should stop thinking as individuals; we should always think globally and
act locally. Yes! We can.
The issue of global warming is real, and we have already seen its devastating effects. It is not too late to hold our
hands and together create a better world for ourselves and the other generations to come.
If we are to move forward with our fight, our activism must be based on sharing information, knowledge, skills,
time, and resources.
We need to pull up our sleeves and get geared for real action. The knowledge and skills we have acquired
naturally, academically, and through experiences, should help us shape this world into something we want to see
as our own product.
My fellow young people, the robe we need to wear is heavy. Challenges will be there, but we must embrace pain
and burn it as fuel for our journey.
If you look at what our forefathers did to attain the same freedom we are enjoying today, you will agree with me
that they fell down many times. But, their courage to get up each time they were down was the only passport to the
land of freedom they got at last.

Ladies and gentlemen, let us fight with courage, hope, objectivity, and with unity. Fall seven times, stand up eight;
this should be our motto!
Ladies and gentlemen, let us take these universal adversities as our opportunities to show the world our best. As
Nelson Mandela said: "The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." Let
darkness in this fight, at last, show us the stars.
In conclusion, I believe that we are all geared to do something to positively change this world into what we want to
see. Let us be the change we want to see, and that change will come for us.
Thank you very much for your attention.

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Questions: (Selected from Six Minutes Speaking and Presentation Skills, 2019)
1. What is the speaker’s goal?
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2. What is the primary message delivered in the speech?
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3. What kind of audience is this speech intended for?
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4. Introduction: Did the speech open with a story, a joke, a startling statistic, a controversial statement, or
a powerful visual? Did the speech opening clearly establish the intent of the presentation? Was the
opening memorable? Explain.
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5. Body: Was the presentation focused? Did all arguments, stories, anecdotes relate back to the primary
objective? Were examples or statistics provided to support the arguments? Was the speech organized
logically? Was it easy to follow? Explain.
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6. Conclusion: Was the conclusion concise? Was the conclusion memorable? If appropriate, was there a
call-to-action? Explain.
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7. How did the speech make you feel? Were you convinced? Would you want to listen to this speech
again? Explain.
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 Plug in and Chat…
Interactive Lecture. Participate in the discussion of the key concepts about
multimedia and web-based presentations.

COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

COMMUNICATION FOR INFORMATION

Informative communication can be short or long, formal or casual in tone, internal or external in focus,
and direct or indirect in structure, depending on the situation. Like all forms of communication, the
purpose of informative messages is to promote understanding, encourage action, stimulate thinking, or
promote ideas. Informative messages can take on almost any form of electronic communication: IMs,
chats, emails, presentations, memos, blogs, podcasts, press releases, and reports. The situation at hand
will dictate how the message is crafted and how it is sent (Danielson, n.d.).

As discussed in Communication in the Real World by University of Minnesota, the goal of spoken, written
and visual informative communication is to teach an audience something using objective factual
information. It can emerge from a range of categories, which include objects, people, events, processes,
concepts, and issues.

Categories Explanation
Conveys information about any nonhuman material things. Mechanical objects, animals,
plants, and fictional objects are all suitable topics of investigation. Given that this is such
Objects a broad category, strive to pick an object that your audience may not be familiar with or
highlight novel relevant and interesting facts about a familiar object.
Focuses on real or fictional individuals who are living or dead. It requires in-depth
biographical research; an encyclopedia entry is not sufficient. Introduce a new person to
People the audience or share little-known or surprising information about a person we already
know. Although we may already be familiar with the accomplishments of historical figures
and leaders, audiences often enjoy learning the ―personal side‖ of their lives.
Is less concrete than about objects or people, as they focus on ideas or notions that may
be abstract or multifaceted. A concept can be familiar to us, like equality, or could literally
Concepts be a foreign concept like qi (or chi), which is the Chinese conception of the energy that
flows through our bodies.
Focuses on past occasions or ongoing occurrences. A particular day in history, an
annual observation, or a seldom occurring event can each serve as interesting
Events informative topics. As with informative communication about people, it’s important to
provide a backstory for the event, but avoid rehashing commonly known information.
Provides a step-by-step account of a procedure or natural occurrence. It may walk an
audience through, or demonstrate, a series of actions that take place to complete a
Processes procedure, such as making homemade cheese. It can also present information about
naturally occurring processes like cell division or fermentation.
Provides objective and balanced information about a disputed subject or a matter of
concern for society. It is important that speakers and writers view themselves as
Issues objective reporters rather than commentators to avoid tipping the balance of the speech
from informative to persuasive. Rather than advocating for a particular position, the
speaker or writer should seek to teach or raise the awareness of the audience.

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A Primer on Communication Studies identifies the four primary methods of informing.

 Through definition entails defining concepts clearly and concisely using synonyms and antonyms,
use or function, example, or etymology.
 Through description entails creating detailed verbal pictures for your audience.
 Through demonstration entails sharing verbal directions about how to do something while also
physically demonstrating the steps.
 Through explanation entails sharing how something works, how something came to be, or why
something happened.

Example of Informative Communication (Essay)

From yourdictionary.com

How to Travel Solo Successfully

By Marie Kittelstad September 27, 2019

James Baldwin said it best. "I met a lot of people in Europe. I even encountered myself" (Baldwin, 2014). Solo travel
will not only reveal colorful new heights, it will also introduce you to yourself - your resiliency, your sense of
adventure, your independence. Learning how to travel solo is as intrinsic as tying your shoes, and it is something
that can be learned today.

The first, most obvious, way to travel solo successfully is to research your area. The number one indicator of a
tourist is someone stopped in the middle of the sidewalk scanning the GPS on their phone. According to World
Travel News Report, four in fifteen tourists will be pickpocketed if they stand still on a busy street (Parker, 2019).
Arrive well-informed on the area. Understand the public transportation system to the point where you can blend in
as a local.

Also in line with safety, you may want to splurge on accommodations. You can stay alone in a hostel, but read the
reviews carefully. Make sure it is in a safe area and security is a priority for them. You might even want to consider a
private room, some of which include a private bath.

In terms of fun, pack for your lack of companionship. Bring a blank journal to record your adventures. Pack a
paperback to enjoy while you wait out a rainstorm in a coffee shop. World traveler Samantha Byrnes says, "I never
travel with friends. When I'm exploring a new continent, my journal is my only sidekick" (Byrnes, 2018).

This allows her to absorb her new surroundings, make new acquaintances, and focus on the act of encountering
herself. Byrnes continues, "We lost sight of ourselves in the day-to-day. We focus on work, family, to-do lists,
chores. Solo travel allows us to return to ourselves so that, when we resume our day-to-day activities, we can give
our all" (Byrnes, 2018).

Learning how to travel solo successfully is an achievable feat. You can stay safe if you remain knowledgeable on
the area and choose your accommodations wisely. Beyond that, you can experience true transformation through the
simple act of carrying a tattered old journal. What do you say? Will you explore solo travel? Choose wisely, for it just
might change your life forever.

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COMMUNICATION FOR PERSUASION

Persuasive Communication is a mode of communication concerned with inducing or urging the

adoption of certain beliefs, theories, or lines of action by others (definitions.net). It can be written, spoken
or visual form.

Persuasive communication seeks to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors of audience
members. In order to persuade, a speaker has to construct arguments that appeal to audience members.

Arguments form around three components: (1) claim is the statement that will be supported by evidence.
Your thesis statement is the overarching claim for your communication, but you will make other claims
within it to support the larger thesis; (2) evidence, also called grounds, supports the claim; the main
points of your persuasive communication and the supporting material you include serve as evidence; and
(3) warrant is the underlying justification that connects the claim and the evidence (A Primer on
Communication Studies).

Example:

Component Description Wording

Claim What you want your audience to
(the assertion one believe Boxing has always been a brutal sport.
wishes to prove)
Evidence What you will use to support your The ancient Greeks used gloves studded
(the support or claim; your ―proof‖ with metal spikes, which slashed the face
reason for the claim) and body and split skulls.
Although gloves are no longer spiked,
Warrant boxers today sustain injuries ranging
(the underlying A general principle that explains from cuts and bruises to broken bones. It
connection between why you think your evidence is is not uncommon to see a boxer leave
the claim and relevant to your claim the ring with a cut on his face, an eye
evidence) swollen shut, and a nose enlarged and
bloody.
(From: www.google.com)

Component Description Wording

Claim What are you trying to Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball
(the assertion one demonstrate? player who ever lived.
wishes to prove)
He holds the NBA record for highest
Evidence What proof do you have? career regular-season scoring average
(the support or (30.12 points per game) and highest
reason for the claim) career playoff scoring average (33.4
points per game).
Since regular-season scoring averages
Warrant and playoff scoring averages are the best
(the underlying Why do you think that your proof is indicators we have of a player's
connection between
relevant to your claim? greatness and no one beats Jordan in
the claim and
evidence) these statistics, he must be the greatest
player of all time.
(From: jjhonorsprogram.commons.gc.cuny.edu)

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Modes of Persuasion
By Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL) 2020

The modes of persuasion go back thousands of years to Aristotle, a Greek rhetorician. In his teachings,
we learn about three basic modes of persuasion—or ways to persuade people. These modes appeal to
human nature and continue to be used today in writing of all kinds, politics, and advertisements.

Ethos, Pathos and Logos

Appealing to ethos is all about using credibility, either

your own as a writer or of your sources, in order to be
persuasive. Essentially, ethos is about believability. Will
your audience find you believable? What can you do to
ensure that they do?

You can establish ethos—or credibility—in two basic

ways: you can use or build your own credibility on a topic,
or you can use credible sources, which, in turn, builds
your credibility as a writer.

Appealing to pathos is about appealing to your audience’s emotions. Because people can be easily
moved by their emotions, pathos is a powerful mode of persuasion. When you think about appealing to
pathos, you should consider all of the potential emotions people experience. While we often see or hear
arguments that appeal to sympathy or anger, appealing to pathos is not limited to these specific
emotions. You can also use emotions such as humor, joy or even frustration, to note a few, in order to
convince your audience.

You have probably seen many arguments based on an appeal to pathos. In fact, a large number of the
commercials you see on television or the internet actually focus primarily on pathos. For example, many
car commercials tap into our desire to feel special or important. They suggest that, if you drive a nice car,
you will automatically be respected.

Logos is about appealing to your audience’s logical

side. You have to think about what makes sense to
your audience and use that as you build your
argument. We appeal to logos by presenting a line of
reasoning in our arguments that is logical and clear.
We use evidence, such as statistics and factual
information, when we appeal to logos.

In order to develop strong appeals to logos, we have

to avoid faulty logic. Faulty logic can be anything from
assuming one event caused another to making
blanket statements based on little evidence. Logical
fallacies should always be avoided.

Appeals to logos are an important part of academic writing, but you will see them in commercials as well.
Although they more commonly use pathos and ethos, advertisers will sometimes use logos to sell
products. For example, commercials based on saving consumers money, such as car commercials that
focus on miles-per-gallon, are appealing to the consumers’ sense of logos.
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Examples of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos
From EssayHub.net August 6, 2020
Examples of ethos can be shown in your speech or writing by sounding fair and demonstrating your
expertise or pedigree:
 "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best
results."
 "My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the people of this
community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with the opposition, make me
the ideal candidate for your mayor."
 "Our expertise in roofing contracting is evidenced not only by our 50 years in the business and our
staff of qualified technicians, but in the decades of satisfied customers who have come to expect
nothing but the best."
Using logos as an appeal means reasoning with your audience, providing them with facts and statistics,
or making historical and literal analogies:
 "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear
motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery… We also have video of the suspect
breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut."
 "More than one hundred peer-reviewed studies have been conducted over the past decade, and
none of them suggests that this is an effective treatment for hair loss."
 "Research compiled by analysts from NASA, as well as organizations from five other nations with
space programs, suggests that a moon colony is viable with international support."
Examples of pathos can be seen in language that draws out feelings such as pity or anger in an
audience:
 "If we don't move soon, we're all going to die! Can't you see how dangerous it would be to stay?"
 "I'm not just invested in this community - I love every building, every business, every hard-working
member of this town."
 "There's no price that can be placed on peace of mind. Our advanced security systems will protect
the well-being of your family so that you can sleep soundly at night."
 "They've worked against everything we've worked so hard to build, and they don't care who gets hurt
in the process. Make no mistake, they're the enemy, and they won't stop until we're all destroyed."
 "You'll make the right decision because you have something that not many people do: you have
heart."
 "Better men than us have fought and died to preserve this great nation. Now is our turn to return the
favor. For God and country, gentlemen!"

For a quick discussion on ethos, pathos and logos, watch this video by Communication Coach
Alex Lyon at https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=2ey232I5nUk

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Example of Persuasive Communication (Speech)
This example represents an informal argument. The speaker argues with reasoning (logos) and passion
(pathos) without citation to research and empirical evidence. That is fine in some circumstances where
students or speakers are presenting personal views in an appropriate setting. Ethos or credibility is
clearly shown as the speaker is obviously a student in a public school.
The Case for School Uniforms
From Best Speech Topics™ 2020

Should students be required to wear a uniform to school? That is the question that has been raised for
discussion here today.
Private schools have long been known for having school uniform policies. Now some public schools such
as ours are deciding whether or not they want their students to wear a school uniform.
Some people argue that requiring students to dress a certain way takes away their sense of creativity
and individuality. However, there are several strong arguments in favor of schools requiring school
uniforms.
Wearing a school uniform can encourage some students to take their responsibilities more seriously.
If they wear the same clothes to school that they wear when they go to the mall with their friends, they
may have the same laid back attitude in both places.
Wearing "work clothes" to school can change the students' frame of mind and inspire a more serious
attitude that is focused on study.
School uniforms can also lessen the negative effects of class status. In some schools you are only
popular if you wear the latest fashions and trends.
Students are sometimes left out or even teased if they are unable or unwilling to pay to dress the way the
popular students are dressing. Requiring students to wear a school uniform levels the playing field, by
reducing the implied class status that is created when only certain students can buy the most expensive
clothes.
Not only is teasing decreased, but violence can also be prevented at schools that have a required
uniform.
Gang violence is becoming more prevalent at schools around the country. Sometimes fights can start
over someone wearing the "wrong color" or gang symbol. There have even been instances of gang
members sneaking into schools to recruit or harass students.
Required school uniforms can reduce fighting among students and prevent outsiders from being able to
get into the school undetected.
Some opponents of school uniforms worry about the cost, but uniforms can actually cost less than other
school clothes.
With regular clothes you usually buy a different outfit for each day of the week. You may even buy more
than that. With a school uniform you can just purchase a few items, as you don't have to worry about
wearing something different each day. You can also pass school uniforms down to family members, or
find them on sale from other families.
There is a lot of controversy over whether or not school uniforms should be required. However, when you
look at the facts you will see that there are many benefits to students all wearing the same thing to
school.
Students may take school more seriously, teasing and violence can be decreased, and you may even
save some money. Please keep these benefits in mind when you vote today!

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COMMUNICATION FOR MOTIVATION
The Key Components of a Motivational Speech
By Laura Woods
A motivational speech inspires audience members to make a change. If you’re very passionate on a
particular subject, audience members will be able to feel your energy. It’s important to plan your
speech out in advance, to ensure your message is both clear and appropriate for the audience you’re
addressing and to ensure it creates a deep impact.
Clear Purpose
If you’re trying to motivate people to do something, it’s important to make the intended behavior clear.
The level of explanation required may vary according to the topic of the speech. Provide enough
information to give audience members a complete understanding of what you would like them to do
and how they can get started. For example, if you’re giving a motivational speech to inspire the
audience to quit smoking, clearly say you believe smoking is harmful to one’s health and offer tips to
break the habit.
Personal Story
Include at least one personal story in your speech to which audience members can relate. Hearing
your story will help inspire listeners and allow them to feel empowered to make a change. When you
share your own success story, it adds a personal touch that allows listeners to really understand the
impact making the change can have on their live. Your passion for the subject matter will really shine
through as it has had such a deep impact on your life.
Audience Fit
A motivational speech is most effective when it’s tailored to fit the audience. Different groups of people
may respond better to a variety of diverse delivery methods. Listeners who are already knowledgeable
on a particular subject matter may quickly become bored if too much background information is
provided, while others with little prior knowledge will be lost without it. Other is sues such as cultural
and geographical factors should also be taken into consideration when preparing the speech.
Ending Points
The concluding moments of your speech may be the part the audience remembers most vividly, so it’s
important to make them count. Draw the main points of your speech together, briefly reviewing key
themes. Inspire listeners with a call to action. For example, if you’re giving a motivational speech on
weight loss, end your speech by mentioning how much confidence you've gained by changing your diet
and reminding listeners that they have the power to improve their body image.

Example of Motivational Communication. Watch the music video titled ―I AM‖ by Fearless
Motivation at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqy_35Wwu-8.

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 Clinch It Well…
Accomplish the assessment activity that follows. Then submit your output to your
instructor for evaluation and grading.

Name: ___________________________________ Section: _______ Date: _______ Score: ________

A. Be a Motivational Speaker. Study the well-known poem that follows. Make a video recording of
yourself reciting this poem with the purpose of motivating your viewers to never give in to life’s
challenges and adversities.

Don't Quit
Poet: Edgar A. Guest

When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,

When the road you're trudging seems all uphill,
When the funds are low and the debts are high,
And you want to smile but you have to sigh,
When care is pressing you down a bit -
Rest if you must, but don't you quit.

Life is queer with its twists and turns.

As everyone of us sometimes learns.
And many a fellow turns about when he
Might have won had he stuck it out.
Don't give up though the pace seems slow -
You may succeed with another blow.

Often the goal is nearer than it seems

To a faint and faltering man;
Often the struggler has given up when he
Might have captured the victor's cup;
And he learned too late when the night came down,
How close he was to the golden crown.

Success is failure turned inside out -

The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,
And when you never can tell how close you are,
It may be near when it seems afar;
So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit -
It's when things seem worst,
You must not quit.

B. Be an Informative Product Endorser. Pretend that you are a celebrity endorser of an existing or
imagined product or service. Design an informative print advertisement about that product or service
which focuses on things that people need to know. Be sure to include your picture showing the
product or service that you are endorsing. Example: Fruit Juice: (1) name of the product, (2) functional
benefits, (3) whether it is from concentrate, not from concentrate or freshly squeezed, (4) flavors such as
orange, apple, pineapple, berries, etc., (5) ingredients such as cells or juicy bits and Vitamin C (ascorbic
acid), (6) valuable nutrients, including vitamins and minerals that contribute to a healthy diet, (7) price,
etc. Place/Paste up your output in the space provided.
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My Informative Print Advertisement

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C. Be a Persuasive Writer. Write a speech to convince the members of the Philippine Congress to
either: (1) reconsider the case of ABS-CBN and eventually grant approval for the media network’s
application for franchise renewal, or (2) sequester the media network’s property by the government for
relevant public service use. Your speech should do the following: (1) introduce the topic and state the
thesis in the introduction, (2) put the reasons and supporting material in the body, and (3) put a call to
action in the conclusion. Be sure your speech contains both logical and emotional appeal. Use relevant
sources to guide you in accomplishing this task. Also, give your speech an appropriate title. Write your
speech in the space provided.
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References:

A Primer on Communication Studies. (2012). Informative speeches. Retrieved from

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-communication-studies/s11-01-informative-
speeches.html
A Primer on Communication Studies. (2012). Persuasive speaking. Retrieved from
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-communication-studies/s11-02-persuasive-
speaking.html
Best Speech Topics and ConceptSell™ LLC. (2020). Become an activist. Retrieved from
https://www.best-speech-topics.com/sample-persuasive-speech.html.
Best Speech Topics and ConceptSell™ LLC. (2020). The case for school uniforms. Retrieved from
https://www.best-speech-topics.com/persuasive-speech.html
Buendia, Ely. (n.d.). With a smile. AZLyrics.com. Retrieved from
https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/eraserheads/withasmile.html
CUNY Academic Commons. (2018). Claim evidence warrant Pt.3. Retrieved from
https://jjhonorsprogram.commons.gc.cuny.edu/teaching-of-writing/introduction-to-claim-evidence-
warrant/claim_evidence_warrant_p3/

Danielson, Robert. (n.d.). Practice: Effective informative messages. Retrieved from

https://lumenlearning.h5p.com/content/1291002231162133618. License: CC BY: Attribution

EssayHub.net (2020, August 6) Examples of ethos, logos, and pathos. Retrieved from
https://www.essayhub.net/essays/examples-of-ethos-logos-and-pathos

Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL). (2020). Modes of persuasion. Retrieved from
https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/modes-of-persuasion/

Fearless Motivation. (2019, Ocotber 28). I am. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eqy_35Wwu-8

Guest, E. A. (1921, March). Don’ Quit. Retrieved from https://www.stresslesscountry.com/dontquit/

Lyon, Alex. (2017, August 28). Ethos Pathos Logos. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ey232I5nUk

Persuasive communication. (n.d.). Definitions.net. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from

https://www.definitions.net/definition/persuasive+communication.

Phelps, B. T. (2016). Team leadership skills for tens. Retrieved from

https://www.whitestag.org/basic_leadership_skills/getting_giving_information.htm

Six Minutes. (2019). How to study and critique a speech. Retrieved from
http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/speech-evaluation-1-how-to-study-critique-speech/
The School of Life. (2018, February 22). Why truly sociable people hate parties. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQpQVOPokhk
University of Minnesota. (n.d.). Informative speeches. Communication in the Real World. Retrieved from
https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/chapter/11-1-informative-speeches/
Woods, L. (2020). The key components of a motivational speech. Hearst Newspapers, LLC. Retrieved
from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/key-components-motivational-speech-74859.html
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