Jawapan

Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Jawapan
BAB (c) Domain ialah −4  x  2

Fungsi Domain is
1 Functions Kodomain ialah 9  f(x)  25
Codomain is
Julat ialah 9  f(x)  25
1. (a) Fungsi kerana setiap objek mempunyai satu Range is
imej.
A function because each object has one image. 5. (a) (i) h(–3) = (–3)2 + 3(–3) + 2
=2
(b) Bukan kerana setiap objek mempunyai dua
h = 1 + 3 1 + 2
1 2

imej.
Not a function because each object has two images. 2    
2 2  
= 15
(c) Fungsi kerana setiap objek mempunyai satu 4
imej.
A function because each object has one image.
(ii) x2 + 3x + 2 = 30
x2 + 3x – 28 = 0
(x – 4)(x + 7) = 0
2. (a) y
x = 4, –7
(b) (i) p(2) = 7
0
x 2k + c = 7......................a
p(4) = –1
4k + c = –1....................b
Fungsi / A function a – b –2k = 8

k = –4
(b) y
2(–4) + c = 7
c = 15
x (ii) p(x) = –4x + 15
0
p(3) = –4(3) + 15
=3
6. (i) x y = f(x) = |3x + 1|
Bukan fungsi / Not a function
–3 8
3. (a) f : x → x2 + 5 atau/or – 1 0
3
f(x) = x2 + 5
0 1
(b) f : x → (x + 3)2 atau/or 2 7
f(x) = (x + 3)2
f(x)
8
4. (a) Domain = {–1, 0, 1, 2}
7
Domain
Kodomain = {–2, 0, 10}
Codomain
Julat = {–2, 0} 1
Range
x
–3 0
–1 2
(b) Domain = {–2, –1, 1, 2, 4} 3
Domain
Kodomain = {1, 3, 4, 6}
Codomain
(ii) f(–4) = |3(–4) + 1|
= |–11|
Julat = {1, 3, 4, 6}
Range = 11
1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(iii) f(x)  4 9. (a) gf(x) = x – 7

3x + 1  –4 , 3x + 1  4 f(x) + 9 = x – 7
3x  –5 3x  3 f(x) = x – 16
x  – 5 x  1 (b) Katakan / Let fg(x) = 2x + 1

3 y+5
y = g(x) f(y) = 2
2 
(iv) f(x)  5 +1
y = 2x – 5
|3x + 1|  5 y+5 = y + 6
–5  3x + 1  5 x =
2 f(x) = x + 6
–6  3x  4
–2 x 4 10. (a) fg(x) = f(ax + b)
3
= 7 – 2(ax + b)
= 7 – 2ax – 2b
Kuasai SPM 1 Secara perbandingan / By comparison
7 – 2b – 2ax = 1 – 4x
(a) x = 1, 1 = 1
1 – 2b = 1 ,
7 –2a = –4
x = 4, 1 = 0.25 b = 3 a = 2
4
(b) (i) f 2(x) = f [f(x)]
x = 10, 1 = 0.1 x
10
x
1
f(x) = , x ≠ 0
x = x 1 +
+1
x+1
f(p) = 0.04
(b)
1 = 0.04 = x
2x + 1
p
p = 25 f 3(x) = f [f 2(x)]
x
(c) Tidak, imej bagi 0 adalah tidak tertakrif.
No, image of 0 is not defined. = x +1 2x
+1
2x + 1
7. (a) (i) fg(x) (iii) gg(x) = x
= f(x2 + 5) = g(x2 + 5) 3x + 1
= 2(x2 + 5) – 1 = (x2 + 5)2 + 5
f 4(x) = f [f 3(x)]
= 2x2 + 10 – 1 = x4 + 10x2 + 25 + 5
x
= 2x2 + 9 = x4 + 10x2 + 30
gf(x)
(ii) = 3xx + 1
+1
= g(2x – 1) 3x + 1
= (2x – 1)2 + 5 = x
= 4x2 – 4x + 1 + 5 4x + 1
= 4x2 – 4x + 6
(ii) Pengangka sentiasa x dan penyebut ialah
2x + 1, 3x + 1 dan 4x + 1, maka penyebut
x–1 (ii) ff(x) = f  x – 1 
8. (a) (i) gf(x) = g
2 
seterusnya ialah 5x + 1 .
2 The numerator is always x and the denominators are
1 x–1 –1
= x–1 2x + 1, 3x + 1 and 4x + 1, thus the next denominator
= 2 is 5x + 1.
2 2 x
∴ f 5(x) =
= 2 = x – 1 –2
5x + 1
x–1 4
∴ gf(–1) = 2 = x – 3
–1 – 1 4
= –1 ff(x) = 1
2
= 1x – 3
4 2
x = 5
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(c) fg(x) = f(x – 4 000) 13. (a) (i) Domain f −1 ialah −1  x  4
= 0.08(x – 4 000) Domain of f –1 is
= 0.08x – 320 Julat f −1 ialah −6  x  4
Range of f –1 is
gf(x) = g(0.08x)
= 0.08x – 4 000 (ii) y
Katakan jumlah jualan, x = RM7 000 (4, 4)

Let the total sales, x = RM7 000
y = f(x)
Jumlah komisen / Total commission x
0
fg(7 000) = 0.08(7 000) – 320 = RM240 (–6, –1) y = f (x)
–1
gf(7 000) = 0.08(7 000) – 4 000 = –RM3 440

y=x
Maka, fungsi jumlah komisen ialah fg(x). (–1, –6)
Thus, the function of the total commission is fg(x).
Kuasai SPM 2 14. (a) Katakan / Let y = 7 – 5x

pq(x) = p(x – 20) 5x = 7 – y
= 0.5(x – 20) 7–y
x =
5
pq(200) = 0.5(200 – 20) f −1
(y) = x
= 90 7–y
qp(x) = q(0.5x) =
5
= 0.5x – 20 Gantikan y dengan x /Replace y with x
qp(200) = 0.5(200) – 20 f −1
(x) = 7 – x
= 80 5
f −1
(4) = – 4 = 3
7
Maka, fungsi qp(x) menawarkan harga yang lebih 5 5
murah bagi barang itu.
Thus, the function qp(x) offers a cheaper price for the item. (b) Katakan / Let y = 7 – x
5
11. (a) (i) f –1(15) = 5 5y = 7 – x
(ii) f –1(9) = 3 x = 7 – 5y
(iii) f –1(18) = 6 f −1
(y) = x
= 7 – 5y
12. (a) y
y = f(x) Gantikan y dengan x
Replace y with x
x
0 f
−1
(x) = 7 – 5x
–2
f
−1
(3) = 7 – 5(3) = –8
Fungsi f ialah fungsi satu dengan satu kerana
(c) Katakan / Let y = 2x + 5
ujian garis mengufuk x
memotong graf pada satu titik. Maka, fungsi f xy = 2x + 5
mempunyai fungsi songsang. xy – 2x = 5
Function f is one-to-one function because the horizontal line x(y – 2) = 5
x = 5
test cuts the graph at one point. Thus, function f has inverse
function.

y–2
(b) y
f −1
(y) = x
y = f(x) = 5
y–2
0
x Gantikan y dengan x / Replace y with x
f −1
(x) = 5
x–2
Fungsi f bukan fungsi satu dengan satu
f −1
(–8) = 5 = – 1
kerana ujian garis mengufuk memotong graf –8 – 2 2
lebih daripada satu titik. Maka, fungsi f tidak
mempunyai fungsi songsang.
Function f is not one-to-one function because the horizontal
line test cuts the graph more than one point. Thus, function f
has no inverse function.

(d) Katakan / Let y = x + 2 MODUL SPM

4x – 2
4xy – 2y = x + 2 Kertas 1
4xy – x = 2 + 2y
x(4y – 1) = 2 + 2y 1. nm(x) = h – k(3x)
2 + 2y = h – 3kx
x =
4y – 1 nm(1) = 4
f −1
(y) = x h – 3k(1) = 4
2 + 2y
= h – 3k = 4
4y – 1
h = 4 + 3k
Gantikan y dengan x
Replace y with x 2. fg(x) = p(3x – 5) + 1
= 3px – 5p + 1
f
−1
(x) = 2 + 2x
4x – 1 3px – 5p + 1 = 3px + q
2+2 3   –5p + 1 = q
3 4 =7
f
−1
4
=  
4 3 –1 4
1 – q = 5p
4   p =
1–q
5
(e) Katakan / Let y = 2x
4–x 3. (a) fg(4) = 6(4) + 7
4y – xy = 2x = 31
2x + xy = 4y
x(2 + y) = 4y (b) fg(x) = 6x + 7
4y 3g(x) + 4 = 6x + 7
x =
2+y 3g(x) = 6x + 3
f −1
(y) = x g(x) = 2x + 1
4y
=
2+y 4. (a) f(q) = p dan / and g(q) = r
Gantikan y dengan x f –1
(p) = q
Replace y with x gf –1
(p) = g(q)
=r
f
−1
(x) = 4x
2+x (b) f(q) = p
3q – 5 = p
f
−1
(–3) = 4(–3) = 12
2–3 q
3q – 5 = pq
Kuasai SPM 3 3q – pq = 5
(a) Katakan / Let y = 2x – 1 q(3 – p) = 5
2x = y + 1 q = 5
y+1 3–p
x =
2
f –1(y) = x
y+1 Kertas 2
=
2
Gantikan y dengan x / Replace y with x 1. (a) f(10) = 6
x+1 10 – b = 6
f –1(x) = a
2
(b) y 10 = 6 + b
a
6
(3, 5) y=x 10 = 6a + ab .................a
4 f(–12) = –4
f 12
– – b = –4
2
f –1 a
0
x – 12 = b – 4
–4 –2 2 4 6 a
–2 –12 = ab – 4a .................b
(–1, –3)
–4

a – b: 22 = 10a FOKUS KBAT

a = 11
5 1. (a) Jumlah jualan melebihi RM10 000.
The total sales exceeding RM10 000.
10 = 6 11 + 11 b
  f(20 000) = 20 000 – 10 000
5 5
16 = 10 000
b = – Jumlah bonus / Amount of bonus
11
g(x) = 0.065(10 000)
= RM650
(b) (i) P(h) = 20 + 15(h – 1)
(b) gf(x) = 0.065(x – 10 000)
(ii) P(4) = 20 + 15(3) = 65
Jumlah sewa gelanggang futsal bagi 2. hg(x) = 4x + 8
4 jam ialah RM65. Wang yang dikumpul 4
oleh Badrul dan rakan-rakannya adalah 4(x + 2)
mencukupi. =
4
The total rental charge of the futsal court is RM65. = x + 2
The money collected by Badrul and his friends is
enough. Katakan / Let y = x + 2
x = y – 2
2. (a) f(3) = 1
3a + b = 1 .................a (hg)–1(x) = x – 2
f(–1) = –5
–a + b = –5 .................b Katakan / Let y = 4x + 8
y–8
a – b: 4a = 6 x =
4
a = 3 x – 8
2 g–1(x) =
4
3
– + b = –5
2 Katakan / Let y = x
4
b = – 7 x = 4y
2
(b) f(x) = 7 h–1(x) = 4x
3 x – 7 = 7 g–1h–1(x) = 4x – 8
2 2 4
3x – 7 = 14 = 4(x – 2)
x = 7 4
= x – 2
(c) y = 3 x – 7 Maka / Thus,
2 2
2y = 3x – 7 (hg)–1(x) = (h–1g–1)(x)
2y + 7 = 3x
2y + 7
x =
3
f (y) = x
–1
2y + 7
=
3
2x +7
∴ f –1(x) =
3
ff(x) = f 3 x – 7
 
2 2
= x – 7 – 7
3 3
 
2 2 2 2
= x – 9 35
4 4
f (x) = f (x)
–1 2
+ 7 = 9x – 35
2x
3 3 4 4
x = 7

x2 – 2 x = 3
BAB
(f )
Fungsi Kuadratik 3
2 Quadratic Functions 2 1 2
1 2
2
3    
x – x + –
3
– – = 3
3
x – 1 = 3 + 1
2
1. (a) x2 + 6x + 6 – 6 – 2 = 0
2 2
   
  3 9
2 2
(x + 3)2 – 9 – 2 = 0
(x + 3)2 = 11

3 
x – 1 = ± 28
9
x + 3 = ±11 x = 2.097, –1.431
x = 0.317, –6.317
2. (a) x = –3 ±
9 – 4(1)(–5)
2(1)
(b) x2 + 4x – 3 = 0
= –3 ±29
x2 + 4x + 4 – 4 – 3 = 0
2 2
2    
2
2
= 1.193, –4.193
(x + 2)2 – 4 – 3 = 0
(x + 2)2 = 7
x + 2 = ±7 (b) x = 7 ±49 – 4(4)(–2)
x = 0.646, –4.646 2(4)
= 7 ± 81
8
(c) x2 – 5 x – 1 = 0 = 2, –0.25
2
5 5 2
5 2
x – x + –
2
2 4   
– – – 1 = 0
4 (c) x = 1 ±
1 – 4(–2)(5)
2(–2)
x – 5 = 41
2
  4 16
= 1 ±41
–4
x – = ± 41
5
4 
16 = –1.851, 1.351
x = 2.851, –0.351
(d) x = –4 ±
16 – 4(2)(–3)
2(2)
(d) x2 + 4x – 5 = 0
2 = –4 ±40
x2 + 4x + 22 – 22 – 5 = 0 4
2 = 0.581, –2.581
(x + 2)2 = 13
2
(e) x = 7 ±49 – 4(2)(4)

x + 2 = ± 13
2
2(2)
x = 0.550, –4.550 = 7 ± 17
4
= 2.781, 0.719
(e) x2 – 5 x = 7
3 3
5 5 2
– – = 7
5 2
x – x + –
2
3 6    6 3
x – = 7 + 25
5 2
  6 3 36
x – 5 = ± 109
6 36
x = 2.573, –0.907

3. (a) (2x – 1)(x + 3) = 20 (e) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots

2x2 + 5x – 23 = 0
= 1 +2= 9
x2 + 5 x – 23 = 0 4 4
2 2
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
5 5 2
5 2
23
x + x+
2
2 4    
–
4
– = 0
2 = 1 (2) = 1
 
4 2
x + = 209
5 2
 4 16
∴ x2 – 9 x + 1 = 0
x + 5 = ± 209

4 16  4 2
4x – 9x + 2 = 0
2
x = 2.364, –4.864
Maka, / Thus, x = 2.364 5. (a) (i) a = 6, b = 2, c = –1
(b) 1 (2x)(2x + 1) = 20 α + β = – b = – 2 = – 1
2 a 6 3
2x2 + x – 20 = 0 c 1
αβ = = –
a 6
x = –1 ±1 – 4(2)(–20)
Hasil tambah punca:
2(2) Sum of roots:
= –1 ± 161 1+1
4 α β
= 2.922, –3.422 = α+β
αβ
Maka, / Thus, x = 2.922
–1
4. (a) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots = 3
= 4 + (–6) = –2 –1
6
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots =2
= (4)(–6) = –24
Hasil darab punca:
∴ x2 + 2x – 24 = 0 Product of roots:
(b) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots 1 × 1 = 1 = –6
= (–3) + (–5) = –8 α β αβ
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots ∴ x2 – 2x – 6 = 0

= (–3)(–5) = 15
(ii) Hasil tambah punca:
∴ x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 Sum of roots:
(c) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots (2α + 1) + (2β + 1)
= 2(α + β) + 2
= –2 + 1 = – 5
3 3 = 2 – 1 + 2
 3
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots 4
=
= (–2) 1 = – 2
  3
3 3
Hasil darab punca:
∴ x2 + 5 x – 2 = 0 Product of roots:
3 3 (2α + 1)(2β + 1)
3x + 5x – 2 = 0
2 = 4αβ + 2(α + β) + 1
(d) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots = 4 – 1 + 2 – 1 + 1
   
6 3
=1+2= 9 = – 1
2 5 10 3
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
∴ x2 – 4 x – 1 = 0
= 1 2 = 1
   3 3
2 5 5 3x – 4x – 1 = 0
2
∴ x2 – 9 x + 1 = 0
10 5
10x – 9x + 2 = 0
2

(iii) Hasil tambah punca: (d) 3x2 – 7x – 5 + 2x + 3  0 y

Sum of roots: 3x2 – 5x – 2  0
= 2α2 + 2β2 (3x + 1)(x – 2)  0 + +
x
= 2(α2 + β2) –1 0
Apabila / When 3
2
= 2[(α + β)2 – 2αβ] –2
(3x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
= 2 – 1 – 2 – 1
2
 
3  
6 x = – 1 , x = 2
3
= 8
9 Tip Penting
Tip Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah x  – 1 atau
α + β = (α + β) − 2αβ
2 2 2
x  2. 3
Hasil darab punca: 1

Thus, the range of values of x is x  – or x  2.
Product of roots: 3
= 2α2(2β2)
= 4(αβ)2 Kuasai SPM 1
= 4 – 1
2
 6
Hasil tambah punca
Sum of roots
Hasil darab punca
Product of roots
= 1 α + β = –(m – 3) = –m2
9 α + (–α) = 3 – m = –32
∴ x2 – 8 x + 1 = 0 0 = 3 – m = –9
9 9 m = 3
9x2 – 8x + 1 = 0
7. (a) x2 = 2x – 10
x2 – 2x + 10 = 0
6. (a) (2x – 3)(x + 1)  3 y
Apabila / When b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(1)(10)

+ +
(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0 –1 0 3
x = –36  0
2
x = 3 , x = –1 –3
Tidak mempunyai punca nyata.
2 Has no real roots.
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah x  −1 atau
(b) 5x2 – 4x – 5 = 0
x  3.
2 b2 – 4ac = (–4)2 – 4(5)(–5)
3
Thus, the range of values of x is x  −1 or x  . = 116  0
2
Mempunyai dua punca nyata dan berbeza.
(b) 4x2 – x  0 y Has two real and different roots.
x(4x – 1)  0
Apabila / When x (c) –3x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
0 1
x(4x – 1) = 0, –
4 b2 – 4ac = (–7)2 – 4(–3)(6)
x = 0, x = 1 = 121  0
4
Mempunyai dua punca nyata dan berbeza.
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah 0  x  1 . Has two real and different roots.
4
1
Thus, the range of values of x is 0  x  .
4
(d) b2 – 4ac = (–12)2 – 4(9)(4)
=0
(c) 2x2 – 5x + 3  3 y
2x2 – 5x  0 Mempunyai dua punca nyata dan sama.
x(2x – 5)  0 Has two equal real roots.
x
0
Apabila / When – 5
2 (e) 3x2 = 7x – 35
x(2x – 5) = 0
3x – 7x + 35 = 0
2
x = 0, x = 5
2 b2 – 4ac = (–7)2 – 4(3)(35)
= –371  0
Maka, julat bagi nilai x ialah 0  x  5 .
2 Tidak mempunyai punca nyata.
5
Thus, the range of values of x is 0  x  . Has no real roots.
2

8. (a) 4x2 + px = –p (b) b2 – 4ac  0

4x2 + px + p = 0 + – +
22 – 4q2  0
p 4q2  4
b – 4ac  0
2
0 16
q2  1
p2 – 4(4)(p)  0
p2 – 16p  0 q  –1 atau / or q  1
p(p – 16)  0
∴ 0  p  16
12. Paksi
(b) x + x = px – 4
2 Pintasan-x Pintasan-y Verteks simetri
x2 + x – px + 4 = 0 x-intercept y-intercept Vertex Axis of
+ – + symmetry
x2 + (1 – p)x + 4 = 0 p
–3 5
b – 4ac  0
2 (a) 4, 6 24 (5, –1) x=5
(1 – p)2 – 4(1)(4)  0
(b) – 3 , 1 3 – 14 , 258  x = – 1
p2 –2p – 15  0 2 4
(p + 3)(p – 5)  0
(c) –3, 1 6 (–1, 8) x = –1
∴ p  –3 atau / or p  5
(c) b2 – 4ac = 0 (d) –4, 5 –20  12 , – 814  x= 1
2
(1 + 2m)2 – 4(m)(m – 1) = 0
1 + 4m + 4m2 – 4m2 + 4m = 0 (e) –1, 3 –3 (1, –4) x=1
8m = –1
(f ) –1, –7 –7 (–4, 9) x = –4
m = – 1
8
Kuasai SPM 2 13. (a) f(x) = –(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4

= –x2 – 2x + 3 → Bentuk am / General form
b2 – 4ac = 0 m2 = 4
2
= –(x2 + 2x – 3)
(–2n)2 – 4(m)(9m) = 0 n 36
= –(x – 1)(x + 3) → Bentuk pintasan
4n2 – 36m2 = 0
36m2 = 4n2
m
= 4
n 36
Intercept form
1
=
3 
(b) f(x) = 2 x2 – 3 x + 9 – 49
2 16 8

Maka / Thus,
= 2x2 – 3x + – 9 49
m:n=1:3
8 8
= 2x2 – 3x – 5 → Bentuk am / General form
10. (a) b2 – 4ac = (2x – 5)(x + 1)
= (–4)2 – 4(1)(4)
x
 2

= 2 x – 5 (x + 1) → Bentuk pintasan
Intercept form
=0
Dua punca nyata dan sama
Two real and equal roots 
(c) f(x) = 3 x2 – x + 1 – 27
4 4

(b) b2 – 4ac 3 27
= (–3)2 – 4(–4)(8) x = 3x2 – 3x + –
4 4
= 137  0 = 3x2 – 3x – 6 → Bentuk am / General form
Dua punca nyata dan berbeza = 3(x + 1)(x – 2) → Bentuk pintasan
Two real and different roots Intercept form
11. (a) x2 + (p – 2)x + 9 = 0

b2 – 4ac = 0 14. (a) f(x) = x2 + 2x + 8x + 16
(p – 2)2 – 4(1)(9) = 0 = x2 + 10x + 16
p2 – 4p + 4 – 36 = 0 = x2 + 10x + 52 – 52 + 16
p2 – 4p – 32 = 0 = (x + 5)2 – 9
(p – 8)(p + 4) = 0 Verteks / Vertex : (–5, –9)
p = –4 atau / or p = 8 Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = –5

(b) f(x) = –(x2 + 8x – 6) (b) (i) f(x)

= –(x2 + 8x + 42 – 42 – 6) f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
= –(x + 4)2 + 22 8
Verteks / Vertex : (–4, 22)

Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = –4 (–2, 4)
x
0
(c) f(x) = 3 x – 6x + 4
 2

3
= 3 x – 6x + (–3)2 – (–3)2 + 4

2

3 (ii) f(x)
= 3(x – 3)2 – 23 f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
Verteks / Vertex : (3, –23) 8

Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = 3
(–2, 4) (1, 4)
(d) f(x) = x2 + 4x + 4 – 8x – 2
= x2 – 4x + 2 0
x
= x2 – 4x + (–2)2 – (–2)2 + 2
= (x – 2)2 – 2
Verteks / Vertex : (2, –2) (iii) f(x)
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = 2 f(x) = (x + 2)2 + 4
8
(e) f(x) = –2 x2 + 5 x – 3
 
2 2
2 2 (–2, 4)

= –2 x2 + 5 x + 5 – 5 – 3
2 4 4 2      (–2, 2)
0
x
2
5 49
= –2 x + 
4
+
8 
Verteks / Vertex : – , 49
5
  (c) (i) f(x)
4 8
Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: x = – 5 (2, 5)
4
x
5. (a) (i)
1 f(x)
0 0.7 3.3
(–1, 8) –7
6 f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5

f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8
x
–3 0 1
(ii) f(x)
(–3, 5) (2, 5)
(ii) f(x)
x
0 0.7 3.3
(–3, 8) (–1, 8)
6 f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8 –7

f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5
x
–3 0 1
(iii) f(x)
(iii) f(x) (2, 5)

(–1, 10)
x
(–1, 8) 0 0.7 3.3
6
f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8 2, –2
–7
x f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5
–3 0 1

16. (a) a = 2  0, titik minimum / minimum point (c) a = –1  0,

b – 4ac = 8 – 4(2)(11)
2 2 titik maksimum / maximum point (–1, 3)
= –24  0 f(x) = –x2 – 2x + 2
Tiada pintasan-x / No x-intercept b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(–1)(2)
= 12  0
f(x) = 2 x2 + 4x + 11
 
2 Pintasan-x pada dua titik berbeza
= 2 x2 + 4x + 22 – 22 + 11
  x-intercepts at two different points
2
= 2(x + 2)2 + 3 x = –(–2) ± 
12
2(–1)
Titik minimum: (–2, 3) = −2.73 atau / or 0.73
Minimum point
f(0) = 3 –(0 + 1)2
f(0) = 2(0) + 8(0) + 11
2
= 2
= 11
f(x)
f(x) (–1, 3)
f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 11
2
11
x
–2.73 0 0.73
f(x) = 3 – (x + 1)2
(–2, 3)
x
0
(b) a = –1  0, titik maksimum / maximum point 17. (a) (i) Apabila / When t = 0
f(x) = –x2 – 2x + 8 g(0) = −16(0)2 + 64(0) + 80
b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(–1)(8) = 80
= 36  0 Maka, tinggi bukit itu ialah 80 m.
Thus, the height of the hill is 80 m.
Pintasan-x pada dua titik berbeza
x-intercepts at two different points
(ii) g(t) = −16t2 + 64t + 80
f(x) = –(x2 + 2x – 8)
= −16(t2 − 4t − 5)
= –(x2 + 2x + 12 – 12 – 8)
= −16[t2 − 4t + (−2)2 − (−2)2 − 5]
= –(x + 1)2 + 9
= −16[(t − 2)2 − 9]
Titik maksimum / Maximum point : (–1, 9) = −16(t − 2)2 + 144
f(x) = 0 Titik maksimum = (2, 144)
–(x – 2)(x + 4) = 0 Maximum point
x = 2, x = –4
Maka, roket itu meletup pada tinggi 144
f(0) = –(0 – 2)(0 + 4) m selepas 2 saat dilancarkan.
=8 Thus, the rocket explodes at the height of 144 m after
f(x) 2 seconds launched.
(–1, 9)
(iii) Apabila / When g(t) = 0,
8 −16t2 + 64t + 80 = 0
−16(t2 − 4t − 5) = 0
−16(t + 1)(t − 5) = 0
x t = −1, t = 5
–4 0 2
f(x) = –(x – 2)(x + 4)
Maka, roket itu sampai di permukaan laut
selepas 5 saat.
Thus, the rocket reach the sea surface after 5 seconds.

(b) (i) r = (t + 10)2 − 2(t + 4)2 Nilai x maksimum ialah 6.

= t2 + 20t + 100 − 2(t2 + 8t + 16) The maximum value of x is 6.
= t2 + 20t + 100 − 2t2 – 16t − 32 y = 5 − 5 (6) = 2.5
= −t2 + 4t + 68 12
Maka, x = 6 dan y = 2.5.
Apabila / When r = 40, Thus, x = 6 and y = 2.5.
−t2 + 4t + 68 = 40
t2 – 4t − 28 = 0
(ii) b2 − 4ac Kuasai SPM 3
= 42 − 4(−1)(68)
y = –3(x + h)2 + k
= 288  0
Titik maksimum / Maximum point
Fungsi model ini mempunyai dua punca (–h, k) = (2, 8)
nyata dan berbeza. h = –2, k = 8
The function of the model has two real and different
roots. y = k –3(x + h)2
(iii) r(t) = −t2 + 4t + 68 = k – 3(x2 + 2hx + h2)
= −(t2 − 4t − 68) = k – 3x2 – 6hx – 3h2
= −(t2 − 4t + (–2)2 − (–2)2 − 68) = –3x2 – 6hx – 3h2 + k
= −(t − 2)2 + 72 p = −3h2 + k
Titik maksimum / Maximum point: (2, 72) = −3(−2)2 + 8
= −4
r(t) = 0
–t + 4t + 68 = 0
2
Maka, / Thus,
t = 4 –  288 h = −2 , k = 8, p = −4
2

2(–1)
t = –6.5, 10.5
r(t)
MODUL SPM
(2, 72) Kertas 1
68
1. 3 – 8(x – 1) = 2x(x + 1)
3 − 8x + 8 = 2x2 + 2x
0 10.5
t 2x2 + 10x − 11 = 0

x = −10 ± 
10 − 4(2)(−11)
2
(c) (i) PS = 5 − y, UQ = 12 − x
2(2)
Luas PST + luas STUR + luas TQU = luas PQR
Area of PST + area of STUR + area of TQU = area of x = −10 ± 
188
4
PQR
x = 0.9278 , −5.928
2 1 (5 − y)(x) + xy + 1 (y)(12 − x) = 1 (5)(12)
 
2 2 2
5x − xy + 2xy + 12y − xy = 60 2. (a) Katakan puncanya ialah α dan α2.
5x + 12y = 60 Let the roots are α and α2.
12y = 60 − 5x Hasil darab punca / Product of roots:
y = 5 − 5 x α(α2) = –27
12 α3 = –27
(ii) Katakan A(x) ialah luas segi empat tepat. α = –3
Let A(x) is the area of the rectangle.
Maka, punca-puncanya ialah –3 dan 9.
A(x) = xy Thus, the roots are –3 and 9.
= x 5 – 5 x  
12 (b) p = Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots
= 5x – x25
= –3 + 9
12
= 6
5
= − (x2 − 12x)
12
= − 5 [x2 − 12x + (−6)2 − (−6)2]
12
= − 5 (x − 6)2 + 15
12

3. 2x(x − 5) − 12  9(1 − x) (c) f(x)  8

2x2 − 10x − 12  9 − 9x 2x2 + 4x + 8  8
2x2 − x − 21  0 2x2 + 4x  0
(2x − 7)(x + 3)  0 2x(x + 2)  0
x  −3, x  7 x  −2, x  0
2
3. (a) 1 + 2x + 3 x(x – 1) = 50 000
4. (a) y = ℎ + kx − x 2 2
2 + 4x + 3x(x − 1) = 100 000
= −(x2 − kx) + ℎ 2 + 4x + 3x2 − 3x = 100 000
2

= – x – k – k + ℎ 
2
2 
4
3x2 + x − 99 998 = 0
2
k k
x = –1 ± 
2
1 – 4(3)(–99 998)
 
2
= – x – + + ℎ
2 4 2(3)
x = −182.74, 182.41
p = – k
2
q = k2
+h (b) 1 + 2x + 3 x(x – 1)  50 000
4 2
3x2 + x − 99 998  0
(b) Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry x
−182.74  x  182.41
x = k –182.74 182.41
2
x = 5 (c) Bilangan maksimum pengguna = 182
2 Maximum number of users
Kertas 2 FOKUS KBAT

1. (a) f(x) = 5 − x − 2x2 1. m2x2 – mx = 2x – 1
m x – mx – 2x + 1 = 0
2 2
= −2 x2 + x + 5
 
2 m2x2 – (m + 2)x + 1 = 0
= −2 x + 1 – 1 + 5
2
 4 16   Punca-punca yang nyata / Real roots
1 2
41 b2 − 4ac  0
= −2 x +  4
+
8  (m + 2)2 − 4(m2)(1)  0
Titik maksimum / Maximum point m2 + 4m + 4 − 4m2  0
−3m2 + 4m + 4  0 m
= – 1 , 41
  3m2 − 4m – 4  0 –2
3
2
4 8
(3m + 2)(m − 2)  0
(b) p − x + 3x2 = 0
Tidak mempunyai punca / Has no roots ∴ − 2  m  2
3
b2 − 4ac  0
(−1)2 − 4(3)(p)  0
2. (a) f(x) = x2 − 4kx + 5k2 + 1
−12p  −1
= (x − 2k)2 + k2 + 1
p  1
12 k2 + 1 = r2 + 2k

r2 = k2 − 2k + 1
2. (a) (i) f(x) = 2x2 + 4x + k = (k − 1)(k − 1)
= 2(x2 + 2x) + k r2 =(k − 1)2
= 2(x + 1)2 – 2 + k r = k − 1
–2 + k = 6
(b) r2 − 1 = 2k Apabila / When k = 0,
k = 8
(k − 1)2 − 1 = 2k r = 0 − 1
(ii) m = –1 k2 − 2k + 1 − 1 = 2k = −1
f(x) = 2x2 + 4x + 8
(b) k2 − 2k − 2k = 0
Apabila / When k = 4,
f(0) = 2(0)2 + 4(0) + 8 k2 − 4k = 0
r = 4 − 1
=8 k(k − 4) = 0
=3
∴ Q(0, 8) k = 0, k = 4

BAB Gantikan x = 5 dan z = 9 ke dalam d

Sistem Persamaan Substitute x = 5 and z = 9 into d
3 Systems of Equations y = 29 − 2(5) − 9
= 10
1. (a) Katakan / Let ∴ x = 5, y = 10, z = 9
x = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik
pertama (b) 4x − 4y = 12 .........................
the number of hours of the first technician −9x + 9y − 4z = 5 ...............b
y = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik 9x − 6y − z = −13 ...............c
kedua
the number of hours of the second technician Daripada c / From c, z = 9x − 6y + 13 .........d
z = bilangan jam bekerja bagi juruteknik Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b
ketiga −9x + 9y − 4(9x − 6y + 13) = 5
the number of hours of the third technician −9x + 9y − 36x + 24y − 52 = 5
x + y + z = 200 −45x + 33y = 57
x−y=8 −15x + 11y = 19
y − z = 15 y = 15x + 19 ........e
11
(b) Katakan / Let Gantikan e ke dalam a / Substitute e into a
x = harga sebatang pensel
the price of a pencil 4x − 4 15x + 19 = 12
 
y = harga sebatang pen 11
the price of a pen
44x − 60x − 76 = 132
z = harga sebiji pemadam −16x = 208
the price of an eraser x = −13
Gantikan x = –13 ke dalam e
x + 3y + z = 7.2
Substitute x = –13 into e
4x + 2y + z = 6.3
2x + y + 3z = 6.9 y = 15(−13) + 19
11
= −16
2. (a) 2x + y + z = 29 ................ Gantikan x = –13 dan y = –16 ke dalam d
3y + 2z = 48 .....................b Substitute x = –13 and y = –16 into d
4x − 2y + 3z = 27 ............c z = 9(−13) − 6(−16) + 13
= −8
Daripada  / From , y = 29 − 2x − z ...........d
∴ x = –13, y = –16, z = –8
Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b
3(29 − 2x − z) + 2z = 48
(c) 2x + 5y + 8z = −27 .........................
87 − 6x − 3z + 2z = 48
−2x + 6y + 4z = −1 ........................b
87 − 6x − z = 48
4x + y − z = 12 ................................c
z = 39 − 6x ................e
Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c Daripada a / From a, 2x = −5y − 8z − 27......d
Substitute d and e into c Gantikan d ke dalam b / Substitute d into b
4x − 2[29 − 2x − (39 − 6x)] + 3(39 − 6x) = 27 −(−5y − 8z − 27) + 6y + 4z = −1
4x − 58 + 4x + 78 − 12x + 117 − 18x = 27 11y + 12z = −28
−22x = −110 y = −12z − 28 ......e
x = 5 11
Gantikan x = 5 ke dalam e
Substitute x = 5 into e
z = 39 − 6(5)
=9

Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c Gantikan x = 15 ke dalam g

Substitute d and e into c Substitute x = 15 into g
2 −5 −12z − 28 − 8z − 27 + −12z − 28 − z = 12
      2(15) − 4y = −6
11 11 30 − 4y = −6
120z + 280 − 176z − 594 − 12z − 28 − 11z = 132 y = 9
−79z = 474
Gantikan x = 15 dan y = 9 ke dalam c
z = −6 Substitute x = 15 and y = 9 into c
Gantikan z = –6 ke dalam e / Substitute z = –6 into e 2(15) − 3(9) + z = 15
y = −12(−6) − 28 3 + z = 15
11 z = 12
=4
∴ x = 15, y = 9, z = 12
Gantikan y = 4 dan z = –6 ke dalam d
Substitute y = 4 and z = –6 into d (c) 3x − 2y + 5z = −3 ...............
2x = −5(4) − 8(−6) − 27 5x + 4y − 2z = 8 ..................b
= 1 7x − 6y + 3z = −41 .............c
x = 1  × 2: 6x − 4y + 10z = −6............d
2
d + b: 11x + 8z = 2 .....................e
∴ x = 1 , y = 4, z = –6  × 3: 9x − 6y + 15z = −9............f
2
f − c: 2x + 12z = 32 ...................g
3. (a) 4x − 4y + 7z = −1 .............. a e × 2: 22x + 16z = 4 .....................h
−5x + 2y − z = −10 ........... b g × 11: 22x + 132z = 352 ...........i
−9x + 4y − 5z = −10 ......... c i − h: 116z = 348
z = 3
b × 2: −10x + 4y − 2z = −20 ...... d Gantikan z = 3 ke dalam g
a + d: −6x + 5z = −21 ............... e Substitute z = 3 into g
a + c: −5x + 2z = −11 ............... f 2x + 12(3) = 32
x = −2
e × 5: −30x + 25z = −105 .......... g
f × 6: −30x + 12z = −66 ............ h Gantikan x = –2 dan z = 3 ke dalam b
Substitute x = –2 and z = 3 into b
g − h: 13z = −39
(−2) + 4y − 2(3) = 8
5
z = −3
4y − 16 = 8
Gantikan z = –3 ke dalam e y = 6
Substitute z = –3 into e
∴ x = −2, y = 6, z = 3
−6x + 5(−3) = −21
−6x − 15 = −21 4. (a) x + 2y + 3z = 16 ......................
x = 1 2x + 3y + 2z = 78 ....................b
4x + 7y + 8z = 202 .................c
Gantikan x = 1 dan z = –3 ke dalam a
Substitute x = 1 and z = –3 into a  × 2: 2x + 4y + 6z = 32 .................d
(1) − 4y + 7(−3) = −1
4 d − b: y + 4z = −46 ..........................e
−4y − 17 = −1 b × 2: 4x + 6y + 4z = 156 .................f
y = −4 c − f: y + 4z = 46 .............................g
∴ x = 1, y = −4, z = −3 e − g: 0 = −92
(b) 7x + 8y − 4z = 129............. Maka, sistem persamaan linear ini tidak
8x − 11y + 5z = 81.............b mempunyai penyelesaian.
Thus, this system of linear equations has no solution.
2x − 3y + z = 15 .................c
(b) −2x + y + 3z = 5 ......................
c × −4: −8x + 12y − 4z = −60.......d 2x + y + z = 2 ...........................b
 − d: 15x − 4y = 189....................e 2x + 3y + 5z = 9 ......................c
c × 5: 10x − 15y + 5z = 75.............f a + b: 2y + 4z = 7 ......................d
f − b: 2x − 4y = −6........................g c − b: 2y + 4z = 7 ......................e
d − e: 0 = 0
e − g: 13x = 195
x = 15 Maka, sistem persamaan linear ini mempunyai
penyelesaian tak terhingga.
Thus, this system of linear equations has infinite solutions.

5. (a) Katakan / Let Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam (4)

p = bilangan kek P / the number of cake P Substitute y = 3 000 into d
q = bilangan kek Q / the number of cake Q z = 14 000 − 3(3 000)
r = bilangan kek R / the number of cake R = 5 000
0.2p + 0.4q + 0.3r = 30 ................. Jumlah wang yang disimpan dalam bank X ialah
0.3p + 0.4q + 0.4r = 40 .................b RM6 000, bank Y ialah RM3 000 dan bank Z ialah
0.5p + 0.2q + 0.3r = 35 .................c RM5 000.
The amount of money saved in bank X is RM6 000, in bank Y is
b − a: 0.1p + 0.1r = 10 RM3 000 and in bank Z is RM5 000.
p + r = 100 ....................d
c × 2: p + 0.4q + 0.6r = 70 ..................e Kuasai SPM 1
e − b: 0.7p + 0.2r = 30
Katakan / Let
7p + 2r = 300 ...............f
x = harga sepasang kasut jenama X
d × 2: 2p + 2r = 200 .............................g the price of a pair of shoes of brand X
f − g: 5p = 100 y = harga sepasang kasut jenama Y
the price of a pair of shoes of brand Y
p = 20
z = harga sepasang kasut jenama Z
Gantikan p = 20 ke dalam d the price of a pair of shoes of brand Z
Substitute p = 20 into d
8x + 5y + 4z = 18 400 ........ a
20 + r = 100
2x + 6y + 9z = 22 300 ........ b
r = 80
4x + 6y + 8z = 22 400 ........ c
Gantikan p = 20 dan r = 80 ke dalam 
Substitute p = 20 and r = 80 into  b × 4: 8x + 24y + 36z = 89 200 ........ d
0.2(20) + 0.4q + 0.3(80) = 30 d − a: 19y + 32z = 70 800 ............... e
q = 5 b × 2: 4x + 12y + 18z = 44 600 ........ f
Bilangan kek yang boleh dibuat ialah 20 biji f − c: 6y + 10z = 22 200 .................. g
kek P, 5 biji kek Q dan 80 biji kek R.
The number of cakes that can be made of cake P is 20, cake g × 3.2: 19.2y + 32z = 71 040 ................ h
Q is 5 and cake R is 80. h − (5): 0.2y = 240
y = 1 200
(b) Katakan / Let
x = jumlah simpanan dalam bank X Gantikan y = 1 200 ke dalam g / Substitute y = 1 200 into g
savings amount in bank X 6(1 200) + 10z = 22 200
y = jumlah simpanan dalam bank Y z = 1 500
savings amount in bank Y
z = jumlah simpanan dalam bank Z Gantikan y = 1 200 dan z = 1 500 ke dalam a
Substitute y = 1 200 and z = 1 500 into a
savings amount in bank Z
8x + 5(1 200) + 4(1 500) = 18 400
x = 2y ............................................................ x = 800
x + y + z = 14 000 .....................................b
0.03x + 0.05y + 0.045z = 555 ...............c Harga sepasang kasut jenama X ialah RM800, jenama Y
ialah RM1 200 dan jenama Z ialah RM1 500.
Gantikan  ke dalam b / Substitute  into b The price of a pair of shoes of brand X is RM800, brand Y is RM1 200
2y + y + z = 14 000 and brand Z is RM1 500.
3y + z = 14 000
z = 14 000 − 3y ...............d 6. (a) 2x + y = 7 .............................
4y − 3x − xy = 0 .................b
Gantikan  dan d ke dalam c
Substitute  and d into c
Dari  / From : y = 7 − 2x .................c
0.03(2y) + 0.05y + 0.045(14 000 − 3y) = 555
0.06y + 0.05y + 630 − 0.135y = 555 Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b
−0.025y = −75 4(7 − 2x) − 3x − x(7 − 2x) = 0
y = 3 000 28 − 8x − 3x − 7x + 2x2 = 0
2x2 − 18x + 28 = 0
Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam 
Substitute y = 3 000 into 
x2 − 9x + 14 = 0
x = 2(3 000) (x − 7)(x − 2) = 0
= 6 000 x = 7, x = 2

Gantikan x = 7 ke dalam c y
Substitute x = 7 into c
y = 7 − 2(7) 10
= −7 (1, 8)
Gantikan x = 2 ke dalam c 5
Substitute x = 2 into c y – 2x = 6 xy = 8
y = 7 − 2(2) x
–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15
=3 (–4, –2)
Maka, x = 7, y = –7 dan x = 2, y = 3. –5
Thus, x = 7, y = –7 and x = 2, y = 3.
–10
(b) 2x − y = 1 ..............................
9x2 − 2y2 + 9 = 0 .................b
Dari  / From : y = 2x − 1 .................c Maka, penyelesaiannya ialah (−4, −2) dan (1, 8).
Thus, the solutions are (−4, −2) and (1, 8).
Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b
9x2 − 2(2x − 1)2 + 9 = 0 8. (a) 2p + q = 6 ..........a
9x2 − 2(4x2 − 4x + 1) + 9 = 0 pq = 4 ..................b
9x2 − 8x2 + 8x − 2 + 9 = 0 4
Dari b / From b: q = ...........c
x2 + 8x + 7 = 0 p
(x + 1)(x + 7) = 0 Gantikan c ke dalam a / Substitute c into a
x = −1, x = −7 4
2p + = 6
p
Gantikan x = −1 ke dalam c
Substitute x = −1 into c
2p2 + 4 = 6p
y = 2(−1) − 1 2p2 − 6p + 4 = 0
= −3 p2 − 3p + 2 = 0
(p − 2)(p − 1) = 0
Gantikan x = −7 ke dalam c p = 2, p = 1
Substitute x = −7 into c
y = 2(−7) − 1 Gantikan p = 2 dan p = 1 ke dalam c
Substitute p = 2 and p = 1 into c
= −15 4 4
q = , q =
Maka, x = −1, y = −3 dan x = −7, y = −15. 2 1
Thus, x = −1, y = −3 and x = −7, y = −15. = 2 = 4
Oleh kerana hiasan Kolam berbentuk segi
7. (a) empat tepat, maka p = 1 dan q = 4.
Since the Kolam design is in rectangular shape, then
Bagi / For y − 2x = 6 p = 1 and q = 4.
y = 2x + 6 (b) (i) Persamaan garis MN
x Equation of line MN
0 –2
y=2
y 6 2 Bagi semibulatan terowong kiri:
For the left-hand semicircular tunnel:
Bagi / For xy = 8
8 (x + 4)2 + 22 = 9
y = x2 + 8x + 16 + 4 − 9 = 0

x
x2 + 8x + 11 = 0
x –16 –8 –2 –1 1 2 8 16 −8 ± 
82 − 4(11)
y x =
–0.5 –1 –4 –8 8 4 1 0.5 2
= −1.76 atau / or −6.24
Maka, koordinat titik M(–1.76, 2) dan
N(1.76, 2).
Thus, the coordinates of point M(–1.76, 2) and
N(1.76, 2).
(ii) Panjang sisi dinding MN
The length of side wall MN
= 1.76 + 1.76
= 3.52 unit

Kuasai SPM 2 2. (m + 3)2 − 16x + 8 = −10x + 4

(m + 3) − 16x + 10x + 8 − 4 = 0
2
x2 − 6x + y2 + 4y = 67 ............a (m + 3)2 − 6x + 4 = 0
4y − 3x = 23 .............................b b2 − 4ac  0
Dari b / From b: y = 3x + 23 ............c (−6) − 4(m + 3)(4)  0
2
4 36 − 16m − 48  0
Gantikan c ke dalam a / Substitute c into a −16m  12
x2 − 6x + 3x + 23 + 4 3x + 23 = 67
2
m  − 3

4 4   4
3x + 23 2
x − 3x + 2
4  – 44 = 0 
16x2 − 48x + (3x + 23)2 − 704 = 0
16x2 − 48x + 9x2 + 138x + 529 − 704 = 0
Kertas 2
25x2 + 90x − 175 = 0
5x2 + 18x − 35 = 0 1. −3x + 4y + z = 24 .................a
(5x − 7)(x + 5) = 0 5x − 2y − 3z = −34 ...............b
x = 7 , x = −5 4x − 4y − 5z = −50 ...............c
5
7 b × 2: 10x − 4y − 6z = −68 ...............d
Apabila / When x = a + d = 7x − 5z = −44 .....................e
5
7
3  
5
+ 23 a + c: x − 4z = −26 ..........................f
y = = 34 f × 7: 7x − 28z = −182 .....................g
4 5 e − g: 23z = 138
Apabila / When x = −5 z = 6
y = 3(−5) + 23 = 2 Gantikan z = 6 ke dalam f
4 Substitute z = 6 into f
Maka, x = 7 , y = 34 dan x = −5, y = 2. x − 4(6) = −26

5 5 x = −2
7 34
Thus, x = ,y= and x = −5, y = 2.
5 5 Gantikan x = –2 dan z = 6 ke dalam a
Substitute x = –2 and z = 6 into a
−3(−2) + 4y + 6 = 24
MODUL SPM 4y + 12 = 24
Kertas 1 y = 3
∴ x = −2, y = 3, z = 6
1. Kecerunan garis lurus / Gradient of the straight line
5–0 2. h + 2k = 5 ...................a
= = –1
1–6 k2 − 3h = 7 .................b
Menggunakan y = mx + c dan (6, 0)
Using y = mx + c and (6, 0) Dari (1) / From a: h = 5 – 2k .................c
0 = −6 + c Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b
c=6 k2 – 3(5 – 2k) = 7

Persamaan garis lurus / Equation of the straight line k2 + 6k – 22 = 0
y = −x + 6 −6 ± 
62 – 4(1)(–22)
k =
x2 − 3x − y = 18 2(1)
x − 3x − (−x + 6) = 18
2 = 2.568 , –8.568
x2 − 3x + x − 6 − 18 = 0
ℎ = 5 − 2(2.568) , ℎ = 5 − 2(−8.568)
x2 − 2x − 24 = 0 = –0.136 = 22.136
(x − 6)(x + 4) = 0
x = 6, x = −4 ∴ ℎ = −0.136, k = 2.568 dan / and
ℎ = 22.136, k = −8.568
Apabila x = –4 / When x = –4
y = −(−4) + 6
= 10
Maka, titik Q(–4, 10).
Thus, point Q(–4, 10).

3. x(7y + x) = 16 − 34y2 FOKUS KBAT

7xy + x2 + 34y2 = 16 .......................a
1. Katakan garis lurus y = mx − 9 adalah tangen
2x − 14y = 4
kepada lengkung itu.
2x = 14y + 4 Let straight line y = mx − 9 is the tangent to the curve.
x = 7y + 2 ............................b x2 + 4x + 7 = mx − 9
Gantikan b ke dalam a x + 4x − mx + 7 + 9 = 0
2
Substitute b into a x2 + (4 − m)x + 16 = 0

7y(7y + 2) + (7y + 2)2 + 34y2 = 16
b2 − 4ac = 0
49y + 14y + 49y2 + 28y + 4 + 34y2 − 16 = 0
2
(4 − m) − 4(16) = 0
2
132y2 + 42y − 12 = 0
(4 − m)2 − 64 = 0
22y2 + 7y − 2 = 0
(4 − m)2 − 82 = 0
(11y − 2)(2y + 1) = 0
(4 − m − 8)(4 − m + 8) = 0
y = 2 , y = − 1 (−4 − m)(12 − m) = 0
11 2
2 m = −4, m = 12
Apabila / When y =
11
Maka, dua persmaan garis lurus ialah y = −4x − 9
x = 7 2 + 2 
11 dan y = 12x − 9.
36 Thus, the equations of the two straight lines are y = −4x − 9 and
= y = 12x − 9.
11
1
Apabila / When y = − 2.
x + y + y − 3 = 36
2
1 x = 39 − 2y ............a

2  
x = 7 − + 2
y2 = x2 + (y − 3)2 .........................b
= − 3
2 Gantikan a ke dalam b / Substitute a into b
y2 = (39 − 2y)2 + (y − 3)2
3 1
∴ x = 36 , y = 2 dan / and x = − , y = − y2 = 1 521 − 156y + 4y2 + y2 − 6x + 9
11 11 2 2 4y2 − 162y + 1 530 = 0
2y2 − 81y + 765 = 0
4. 2x + 2y = 16
(2y − 51)(y − 15) = 0
x + y = 8 ............................................a
7 y = 51, y = 15
 
2(y − 1) 3x − − xy = 29 ................b
2
2
Dari a / From a: y = 8 − x ................c Apabila / When y = 51

2
Gantikan c ke dalam b
Substitute c into b
x = 39 − 2 51  
2
7
2(8 − x − 1) 3x −
2 
− x(8 − x) = 29  = −12 (tidak diterima/not accepted)
49 − 3x2 7 x Apabila / When y = 15,

2 21x −2
+
2 
− 8x + x2 − 29 = 0 x = 39 − 2(15)
= 9
2 –3x2 + 49 x – 49 − 8x + x2 − 29 = 0
 
2 2 Maka, panjang sisi-sisi segi tiga itu ialah 9 cm,
−5x2 + 41x − 78 = 0 12 cm dan 15 cm.
−41 ± 412 − 4(−5)(−78) Thus, the length of the sides of the triangle are 9 cm, 12 cm and
x= 15 cm.
2 (−5)
x = 3 atau / or x = 5.2
Apabila / When x = 3
y = 8 − 3
= 5
Apabila / When x = 5.2
y = 8 − 5.2
= 2.8
Maka, / Thus, x = 3, y = 5
Luas kolam ikan ABCD / Area of the fish pond ABCD
=3×5
= 15 m2

2
BAB 1 (b) 61−k = 1
2. (a) 4y =
Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma 8
4 Indices, Surds and Logarithms
2 = 2
2y −3
2
61−k = 60
1 − k2 = 0
2y = −3 k2 = 1
3n + 2 + 9 (b) 4 – 16
n+2
1. (a) y = − 3 k = ±1
3 4 2
= (3 )(3 ) + 3 = (4 )(4 ) – 4
n 2 2 n 2 2
3 4 (c) 22z × 3z = 1 (d) 22x × 9x = 1

144 6
= 3 (3
2 n
+ 1) = 4 (4
2 n
– 1)
3 4 (22)z × 3z = 144−1 ( 22)x × 9x = 6−1
= 3(3n + 1) = 4(4n – 1) 12z = 12−2 36x = 6−1
z = −2 62x = 6−1
2x = −1
(c) 25 ×2 5n (d) 9 × 3n
2n 1–n n 2n + 2
(5 ) 27 x = − 1
5 4n
× 51 – n 3 2n
× 32n + 2 2
= =
52n 33n (e) 2t + 4 − 2t = 120
=5 4n + 1 – n – 2n
=3 2n + 2n + 2 – 3n
= 5n + 1 = 3n + 2 2t × 24 − 2t = 120
2t(24 − 1) = 120
25n +1 × 51 – 2n 4x2(y–1)–2 2t(15) = 120
(e) (f )
52 – n × 52n + 1 (–2x2)3(y–2)2 2t = 120
52n + 2 × 51 – 2n 4x2 × y–1 × –2 15
= 2 – n 2n + 1 = 2t = 8
5 ×5 –8x6 × y–4
52n + 2 + 1 – 2n x2y2 2t = 23
= 2 – n + 2n + 1 = – 6 –4 t = 3
5 2x y
53 x2 – 6 y2 – (–4) (f ) 4x + 1 = 2 − 7(2x)
= n + 3 = –
5 2
= 53 – n – 3 y6 4(4x) + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
= – 4
1 2x 4(22)x + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
= n
5 4(2x)2 + 7(2x) − 2 = 0
Katakan / Let y = 2x
1

a3
 xxyy 
4
8 –4 1 (h) 4y2 + 7y − 2 = 0
(g) × 
3
a × 4
a3
–2 xy (4y − 1)(y + 2) = 0
 18 
3
y = 1 , y = −2
x ×y
4 –4(4)
= a2 4
= 1 3 1
x4 + 1 × y–2(4) + 1 a3 × a4 2 =
x
1 4
3 1 3
– +  2x = 2−2
x 2 y –16 = a 2 3 4
= 5 –7 x = −2
xy 5
1
= a 12
= x 2
–5
× y –16 – (–7) 3. (a) 23x × 4x + 1 = 64
9
–
= x 2 y–9 23x × 22x + 2 = 26
23x + 2x + 2 = 26
1
= 9 25x + 2 = 26
x 2 y9 5x + 2 = 6
x = 4
5

(b) 8x × 16x + 1 = 1 (c) 3x + 1 × 92 − x = 1 4. (a) Katakan / Let

27 P = 0.345345345 … ......................a
23x × 24x + 4 = 20 1000P = 345.345345345 … .......b
23x + 4x + 4 = 20 3x + 1 × 34 − 2x = 3−3
3x + 1 + 4 − 2x = 3−3 b − a: 999P = 345
27x + 4 = 20
7x + 4 = 0 35 − x = 3−3 P = 115
333
x = − 4 5 − x = −3
7 x = 8 0.345345345 … = 115
333
(d) 25x + 2 = 5
x–1
(e) 
3 ÷ 27x + 1 = 92x + 1 (b) Katakan / Let
125 1 P = 0.0566666 …
3 ÷ 33x + 3 = 34x + 2
2
52x + 4 = 5 3
x–1
1 100P = 5.66666 … .................a
5 3 2
– 3x – 3
= 34x + 2 1000P = 56.66666 … ...........b
52x + 4 = 5x – 1 – 3 5
52x + 4 = 5x – 4 3
– – 3x
= 34x + 22 b − a: 900P = 51
2x + 4 = x − 4 5 − 3x = 4x + 2
− P = 17
2 300
x = −8
x = − 9 0.0566666 … = 17
14 300
(f ) (i) S(0) = 15 × 30.1(0) (c) 5.121212 = 5 + 0.121212 …
= 15 × 30
Katakan / Let
= 15 ekor siput / snails
P = 0.121212 … .......................a
(ii) S(10) = 15 × 30.1(10) 100P = 12.121212 … .............b
= 45 b − a: 99P = 12
S(20) = 15 × 30.1(20) P = 4
= 135 33
..
Beza / Difference 5.12 = 5 + 4 = 5 4
33 33
= 135 − 45
= 90 ekor siput / snails (d) 8.0752752 … = 8 + 0.0752752 …
(iii) S(t) = 1 215 Katakan / Let
15 × 30.1t = 1 215 P = 0.0752752 …
30.1t = 81 10P = 0.752752 … .........................a
30.1t = 34 10000P = 752.752752 … .............b
0.1t = 4 b − a: 9990P = 752
t = 40 hari / days
P = 376
4 995
...
Kuasai SPM 1 8.0752 = 8 + 376 = 8 376
4 995 4 995
2x × 4y = 1 b × 2: 4x − 2y = 8 ......c
8 a + c: 5x = 5 5. (a) 5
25 = 1.903653939
2x × 22y = 2−3 x = 1 5

25 adalah surd kerana nilainya ialah
2x + 2y = 2−3
1 + 2y = −3 perpuluhan tidak berulang.
x + 2y = −3 ......a

5
25 is a surd because it is a non-recurring decimal.
2y = −4
y = −2
9x = 27 (b) 3
216 = 6

3y + 1 3

216 bukan surd kerana nilainya ialah integer.
32x = 33 
3
216 is not a surd because the value is an integer.
3y + 1
3 2x – y – 1
= 33 (c) 4
64 = 2.828427125
2x − y − 1 = 3 4

64 adalah surd kerana nilainya ialah
2x − y = 4 ......b perpuluhan tidak berulang.

4
64 is a surd because it is a non-recurring decimal.

6. (a) 
11 × 
3 (b) 
5 × 
4 (i) 
80 (j) 
108
= 
11 × 3 = 
5×4 = 16 × 5 = 36 × 3
= 
33 = 
20 = 16 × 5 = 36 × 3
5
= 4 3
= 6
(c) 
6 × 
3 
12
(d) (k) 
125

2
= 
6×3 = 25 × 5
= 
18 = 12
2  = 25 × 5
5
= 5
= 
6
8. (a) 9
6 – 12
6

50 
20
(e) (f )

5 
5 × 
2 = –3
6
2 3 – 
(b)  2 
= 50
5  = 20
5×2
2 – 
2 
2
= 3
= 
10 = 
2
= 3
2 – 2

6 × 
10 (c) 5 + 
2 4 + 
2 
(g)

12
2 + 
2 
2
= 20 + 5
2 + 4
= 
6 × 10
12
= 22 + 9
2
= 
5 10 3 + 2
(d)  10 
10 + 2
10 
2
= 3
7. (a) 
8 (b) 
24 = 3
10 + 20
= 4×2 = 4×6 (e) 7 + 2

3 4 + 
3 
= 4 × 
2 = 4 × 
6
3 + 2
3 
2
= 28 + 7
3 + 8
2
= 2 6
= 2
= 34 + 15
3
(c) 
32 (d) 
27
6 
(f ) 2 6 – 7
= 16 × 2 = 9×3
= 2
6  – 14
2
6
= 16 × 2 = 9 × 
3
= 12 – 146
2
= 4 3
= 3
(g) 
8 – 62
8 – 3
(e) 
45 (f ) 
48
= 2
8  – 3
2
8 – 12
8 + 18
= 9×5 = 16 × 3
= 34 – 158
= 9 × 
5 = 16 × 3
= 34 – 302
5
= 3 3
= 4
(h) 2
5 – 71 – 4
5 
(g) 
54 (h) 
50
5 – 8
5  – 7 + 28
2
= 2 5
= 9×6 = 2 × 25
5 – 47
= 30
= 9 × 
6 = 2 × 
25
6
= 3 2
= 5 (i) 4 + 2
3 4 – 2
3 
3 – 4
3 
2
= 16 – 8
3 + 8
=4

3 1 + 
2
9. (a) (e)
4
5 1 – 
2
3 4
5 1 + 
2 1 + 
2
= × = ×
4
5 4
5 1 – 
2 1 + 
2
2 + 
2 
2
12
5 1 + 2
= =
16 × 
5 
2
1 – 
2 
2
125 3 + 2
2
= =
80 –1
35 2
= –3 – 2
=
20

10 – 7
(f )

2 
10 + 4
(b)
5 – 
2 2

10 – 7 
10 – 4
= ×

2 5 + 
2 2 
10 + 4 
10 – 4
= ×
5 – 
2 2 5 + 
2 2 
10  – 4
2
10 – 710 + 28
=
2
2 × 5  + 
2 
2
= 
10  – 4
2 2
2
5  – 
2
2 
2
38 – 11 10
=
= 2
10 + 1 –6
18 1110 – 38

10 + 1 =
= 6
9
10. (a) 2x + 7  = 1 + 
 2
x + 3
2

3
(c) 2x + 7 = 1 + 2 x+3+x+3

7 + 2
2
x + 3 = 2 x+3
(x + 3)2 = 2 x + 3
2

3 
7 – 2
2
= × x2 + 6x + 9 = 4(x + 3)

7 + 2
2 
7 – 2
2
x2 + 6x + 9 = 4x + 12

3 × 7 – 2
3×2 x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
=

7  – 2
2
2 
2
(x − 1)(x + 3) = 0

21 – 2
6 x = 1, x = −3
=
–1 (b) x + 1 = 5 + 2x + 3
6 – 
= 2 21 
x + 1 = 5 + 
2
2x + 3 
2
x + 1 = 25 + 10 2x + 3 + 2x + 3
1 −x − 27 = 10 2x + 3
(d)
(−x − 27) = 10 2x + 3 
2
3
6 2
x + 54x + 729 = 100(2x + 3)

2
1 3
6 x2 − 146x + 429 = 0
= ×
3
6 3
6 (x − 143)(x − 3) = 0
3
6 x = 143, x = 3
=
9 × 
6 
2
(c) 
16 – 2x  = 2 + 
2
36 + 6x 
2
36 16 − 2x = 4 + 4 36 + 6x + 36 + 6x
=
54 −24 − 8x = 4 36 + 6x
(−24 − 8x)2 = 4 36 + 6x 
2
6
=
18 576 + 384x + 64x2 = 16(36 + 6x)
64x2 + 288x = 0
32x(2x + 9) = 0
x = 0, x = − 9
2

(d) z2 + 102 = 152 (c) 2 + log6 18 − log6 3

z2 = 225 − 100 = log6 62 + log6 18 − log6 3
z2 = 125 = log6 (36 × 18 ÷ 3)
z =  125 = log6 216
= log6 63 2 + log6 18 – log6 3
=  25 × 5 18
=3 = 2 + log6
= 5 5 3
= 2 + log6 6
=2+1=3
x = y = 15
15 10 z
(d) 2 log4 5 − 2 log4 0.15 + 4 log4 0.6
Oleh kerana / Since 3
= log4 5 − log4 0.152 + log4 0.64
2
15 = 15
z 5 5 3 
= log4 5 ÷ 0.152 × 0.64
2
=
3 
×
5  
3 
5 5 = log4 16
35 = log4 42
=
5 =2
3
5 y 3
x = =
5
15 5 10 5 15. (a) 3 loga 2 + loga 8
= loga 23 + loga 8
3
5 3
5
x = × 15 y = × 10 = loga (8 × 8)
5 5
= loga 64
5
= 9 5
= 6
(b) 1 log3 25 + log3 4
11. (a) log4 256 = 4 (d) 2 = 256
8 2
= log3  25 + log3 4
(b) log20 400 = 2 (e) 92 = 81 = log3 (5 × 4)
(c) log7 343 = 3 (f ) 54 = 625 = log3 20
12. (a) 3x = 81 (c) 3 − logq 10

(b) 4x = 1 = logq q3 − logq 10
3x = 34 64
= logq q
3
x = 4 4x = 4−3
x = −3 10
(c) 55 = x (d) 37 = x (d) 1 − 3 log5 x + log5 x2

x = 3 125 x = 2 187 = log5 5 − log5 x3 + log5 x2
= log5 (5 ÷ x3 × x2)
13. (a) log10 2.5 (b) log10 4 = log5 55
5 x
= 0.3979
= −0.0969
(e) logm 3 − 1 logm 9 − logm 4
(c) antilog 0.0969 (d) antilog (−0.6021) 2
= 1.25 = 0.25 = logm 3 − logm 9 − logm 4
= logm (3 ÷ 3 ÷ 4)
14. (a) log3 81 + log3 729
= log3 34 + log3 36 = logm 1
4
= log3(34 × 36)
= log3 310
= 10 log3 3 16. (a) loga 0.12
= 10 = loga 3
25
(b) log3 24 − log3 8 = loga 3 − loga 25
= log3 24 = loga 3 − loga 52
8 = 1.585 − 2(2.322)
= log3 3 = −3.059
=1


125 (b) 5 log2 x − log4 x = 3
(b) loga log2 x
9 log2 x5 − = 3
= loga 
125 − loga 9 log2 4
3 log2 x
= loga 5 2 − loga 32 log2 x5 − = 3
2
= 3 (2.322) − 2(1.585) 2 log2 x5 − log2 x = 6
2 log2 x10 − log2 x = 6
= 0.313 log2 x = 6
10
x
17. (a) loga (ay) log2 x9 = log2 26
2
= 2(loga a + loga y) x9 = 26
2 9
= 2(1 + k) = 2 3 
x = 1.5874
y

(b) loga (c) 4 log3 x = log9 x + 2
a2
1
4 log3 x − log9 x = 2
= loga y − loga a2
2
log3 x
4 log3 x − = 2
= 1 k – 2 log3 9
2 log3 x
4 log3 x − = 2
18. (a) log7 21 (b) log0.8 2 2
8 log3 x − log3 x = 4
log10 21 log10 2
= = x8
log10 7 log10 0.8 log3 = 4
x
= 1.5646 = −3.1063 log3 x7 = log3 34
(c) log15 4.5 x7 = 34
4 7
log10 4.5 = 3 7 
= x = 1.8734
log10 15
= 0.5554 (d) log3 x = log9(x + 6)
log3(x + 6)
19. (a) log2 5 (b) log 1 6 log3 x =
log3 9
5
In 5 In 6 log3(x + 6)
= log3 x =
= 2
In 2 In 1 2 log3 x = log3(x + 6)
= 2.3219 5
log3 x2 = log3(x + 6)
= −1.1133
x2 = x + 6
(c) log1.4 0.36 x − x – 6 = 0
2
(x – 3)(x + 2) = 0
In 0.36 x = 3, x = −2
=
In 1.4
= −3.0364 (e) log3 x = 9 logx 3

log3 3
20. (a) log3 x + 2 log9 x = 4 log3 x = 9 log3 x
log3 x 2 9
log3 x + = 4 log3 x =
log3 9 log3 x
log3 x 2 Katakan / Let y = log3 x
log3 x + = 4
2 9
2 log3 x + log3 x = 8
2 y =
y
log3(x2 × x2) = 8
y2 = 9
log3 x4 = log3 38
y = ±3
x4 = 38
= (32)4 log3 x = 3 , log3 x = –3
x = 9 x = 33 x = 3(–3)
= 27 = 1
27

21. (a) (2x + 3) ln e = ln 6 Kuasai SPM 2

2x + 3 = ln 6
x = In 6 – 3 (a) logp 1 = logp 1 − logp B
2 B
=0−y
= −0.6041
= −y
(b) ex + 1 = 7
2 logp B 3
p
(b) logp3 B 3
p =
(x + 1) ln e = ln 7 logp p3
1
2 logp B + logp p 3
x + 1 = ln 7 =
logp p3
2
x = 0.2528 y+ 1
3
(c) e4x + 3 = 8 =
3
(4x + 3) ln e = ln 8 3y + 1
4x + 3 = ln 8 =
9
x = In 8 – 3
23. (a) MV = P 1 + r 
nt
4
= –0.2301 n
1
Nilai matang / Matured value = RM8 000
2 500 1 + 0.08 = 8 000
t
(d) ln(x − 2) 3 = ln e
1 
1 
(x − 2) = e 3
1.08t = 3.2
x − 2 = e3 t ln 1.08 = ln 3.2
x = e3 + 2
t = In 3.2
= 22.0855 In 1.08
(e) (ex − 5)(ex − 4) = 0 = 15.1 tahun / years
ex = 5 , ex = 4 (b) Katakan / Let A0 = 100%
t
1 15 = 1 − 0.25
x = ln 5
= 1.6094 = 1.3863
x = ln 4
 
2
t
22. (a) (2x − 5) log5 5 = log5 150 0.5 15 = 0.75

log10 0.75
2x − 5 =
log10 150 t =
log10 5 15 log10 0.5
2x − 5 = 4.1133 t = 6.2 tahun / years
x = 4.0566 (c) (i) Harga seunit apabila permintaan
(b) (4x + 2) log3 3 = (2 − x) log3 3
3 4 10 000 unit
Price per unit when the demand is 10 000 units
3(4x + 2) = 4(2 − x)
ℎ = 300 − 0.5e0.00035(10 000)
12x + 6 = 8 − 4x
= 300 − 0.5e3.5 = RM283.44
16x = 2
x = 1 Harga seunit apabila permintaan
8 15 000 unit
(c) 2 × 2 − 4 × 2 × 2 + 3 = 0
2x 2 x Price per unit when the demand is 15 000 units
4(22x ) − 8(2x) + 3 = 0 ℎ = 300 − 0.5e0.00035(15 000)
= 300 − 0.5e5.25 = RM204.72
(ii) ℎ = 260
4y2 − 8y + 3 = 0
300 − 0.5e0.00035n
= 260
(2y − 1)(2y − 3) = 0
0.5e0.00035n = 40
y = 1 , y = 3 e0.00035n = 80
2 2
ln e0.00035n = ln 80
2x = 1 , 2x = 3 0.00035n = ln 80
2 2
n = 12 520
log10 2 = log10 3
= 2 −1 x
x = −1 2 (iii) ℎ = 300 − 0.5e0.00035(8 000)

log10 3 = 300 − 0.5e2.8
2 = RM291.78
x =
log10 2
U = 8 000 × RM291.78
= 0.5850 = RM2 3334 240

MODUL SPM (b) log3 mn = 3 + 2 log3 m − log3 n

log3 mn = log3 33 + log3 m2 − log3 n
Kertas 1 log3 mn = log3 27m
2
n
1 1 2 – 
5 mn = 27m 2
1. (a) = × n
2 + 
5 2 + 
5 2 – 
5 n 2
m =
2 – 
5 27
=
4 – 
5 
2
log3  81m 
n
= 
5 – 2 5. log9 81m =
 
27 log3 9
1 + 
5 1 + 
5 2 + 
5 log3 81 + log3 m – log3 n
(b) = × =
2 – 
5 2 – 
5 2 + 
5 2 log3 3
5 + 
5  = 1 (log3 34 + log3 m – log3 n)
2
2 + 
5 + 2
= 2
4 – 
5 
2
= 1 (4 + v – w)
= –7 – 3
5 2
2. (a) 3(53x + 1) = 36
53x + 1 = 12 Kertas 2
log5 53x + 1 = log5 12
log10 12
3x + 1 = 1. 2 log2 (x − y) = 4 + log2 y + log2 x
log105
= 1.5440 log2(x − y)2 = 4 log2 2 + log2 xy
x = 0.1813 log2(x − y)2 = log2 24 + log2 xy
log2(x − y)2 = log2 16xy
(x − y)2 = 16xy
(b) logp 49p = logp 72 + logp p − logp 33
  x2 − 2xy + y2 = 16xy
27 = 2 log 7 + 1 − 3 log 3
p p x2 + y2 = 18xy
= 2s + 1 − 3r
3. (a) log3 x − log3(4x + 1) = −2

2. (a) log3(2x + 1) − 5 log9 x2 + 4 log3 x
log3 x − log3(4x + 1) + 2 = 0 log3 x2
log3 x − log3(4x + 1) + 2 log3 3 = 0 = log3(2x + 1) − 5 + 4 log3 x
log3 32
9x
log3 = log3 1 5
4x + 1 = log3(2x + 1) − log3 x2 + 4 log3 x
9x = 1 2
5
4x + 1 = log3(2x + 1) − log3( x2) 2 + log3 x4
9x = 4x + 1 (2x + 1)x4
= log3
1 x5
x =
5 2x + 1
= log3
81 x
(b) log5 8.1 = log5
10
= log5 81 − log5 10 (b) log3(2x + 1) − 5 log9 x2 + 4 log3 x = 3
= log5 92 − log5 (2 × 5) 2x + 1
log3 = log3 33
= 2 log5 9 − log5 2 − log5 5 x
= 2p − q − 1 2x + 1
= 27
x
4. (a) 3m − 3 × 9 m + 1 = 3 m − 3 × 33(m + 1)
2m − 1 2−m 2m − 1 2(2 − m)
2x + 1 = 27x
3 × 27 3 ×3
25x = 1
= 3 m − 3 + 3m + 3
2m − 1 + 4 − 2m
1
3 x =
25
= 34m
3

3
= 33 − 4m

3. (a) V = 4 000(1.05)5 2. 3 × 52x + 1 − 4 × 5x + 1 + 5 = 0

= RM5 105.13 3 × 52x × 5 − 4 × 5x × 5 + 5 = 0
15(52x) − 20(5x) + 5 = 0
(b) V  7 000
4 000(1.05)t  7 000
15y2 − 20y + 5 = 0
(1.05)t  1.75
3y2 − 4y + 1 = 0
t log10 1.05  log10 1.75
(3y − 1)(y − 1) = 0
log10 1.75
t 
log10 1.05 y = 1 , y = 1
3
t  11.5 1
5x =
∴ t = 12 3
log10 5 = log10 1
x
3
FOKUS KBAT log10 1
3
x =
1. Katakan t = tinggi segi tiga PQR log10 5
Let t = height of triangle PQR = −0.6826
1 × 
2 – 1 × t = 3 − 
2 5x = 1
2
log10 5x = log10 1
t = 23 – 2 
x = 0

2 – 1
6 – 22  2 + 1
t = ×

2 – 1 2 + 1
2
t = 62 + 6 – 2
2  – 2
2
2
2  – 1
= 2 + 4
2  cm

(e) a = − 1
BAB
Janjang 2
5 Progressions
d = − 3 − − 1
4   2
1
1. (a) d1 = T2 – T1 = 3 – 1 = 1 = −
4 4 2 4
d2 = T3 – T2 = 5 – 3 = 1 T10 = − 1 + (10 − 1) − 1
 
4 4 2 2 4
Janjang aritmetik kerana d1 = d2 = 1 . = −2 3
2 4
1
An arithmetic progression because d1 = d2 = .
2
(b) d1 = T2 – T1 = 23 − 13 = 7 3. (a) T6 = 26
d2 = T3 – T2 = 33 − 23 = 19 a + (6 − 1)d = 26
a + 5d = 26 ............a
Bukan janjang aritmetik kerana d1 ≠ d2.
Not an arithmetic progression because d1 ≠ d2. T15 = 80
a + (15 − 1)d = 80
(c) d1 = T2 – T1 = x + 3 − x = 3 a + 14d = 80 ............b
d2 = T3 – T2 = x + 6 − (x + 3) = 3
d3 = T4 – T3 = x + 9 – (x + 6) = 3 b − a: 9d = 54
d = 6
Janjang aritmetik kerana d1 = d2 = d3 = 3.
An arithmetic progression because d1 = d2 = d3 = 3. a = 26 − 5(6)
= –4
2. (a) a = 5.8
T12 = –4 + (12 − 1)(6)
d = 6.4 − 5.8 = 0.6
= 62
T17 = 5.8 + (17 − 1)(0.6)
= 15.4 T4 = 84
(b) a + (4 − 1)d = 84
(b) a = p
a + 3d = 84 ............a
d=p+4−p=4
T21 = p + (21 − 1)(4) T8 = 20
= p + 80 a + (8 − 1)d = 20
a + 7d = 20 ............b
(c) a = 5
d = 53 − 5 b − a: 4d = –64
8 d = –16
= 3
8 a = 84 − 3(–16)
= 132
T50 = 5 + (50 − 1) 3  
8 T12 = 132 + (12 − 1)(–16)
= 23 3
= –44
8
(d) a = 
3
4. (a) d = 46 − 50 = −4
d = 23 − 
3
= 3 S50 = 50 [2(50) + (50 − 1)(−4)]
2
T8 = 
3 + (8 − 1)
3  = 25(−96)
= 83 = −2 400

(b) d = −18 − (−20) = 2 6. (a) (i) T7 = 5 000 + (7 − 1)(455)

= 7 730
Tn = −20 + (n − 1)(2)
50 = −20 + 2n − 2 (ii) Tn = 9 095
2n = 72 5 000 + (n − 1)(455) = 9 095
n = 36 455n − 455 = 4 095
n = 10
S36 = 36 [−20 + 50] = 540
2 Pada bulan Oktober dianggarkan beras
akan terjual sebanyak 9 095 kampit.
(c) d = 5.4 − 5 = 0.4 In October the rice is estimated 9 095 packs sold.
Tn = 5 + (n − 1)(0.4) (iii) S12 = 12 [2(5 000) + (12 − 1)(455)]
79 = 5 + 0.4n − 0.4 2
0.4n = 74.4 = 90 030 kampit / packs
n = 186
(b) (i) T30 = 150
S186 = 186 [5 + 79] = 7 812 5 + (30 − 1)(x) = 150
2 5 + 29x = 150
x = 5
5. (a) S9 = 117
(ii) S30 = 30 [2(5) + (30 − 1)(5)]
9 [2a + (9 − 1)d] = 117 2
2
9 [2a + 8d] = 117 = RM2 325

2 (iii) Sn  90n
a + 4d = 13 ...............a
n [2(5) + (n − 1)(5)]  90n
S13 = 117 + 91 = 208 2
n(10 + 5n − 5)  180n
13 [2a + (13 − 1)d] = 208 5n2 − 175n  0
2
13 [2a + 12d] = 208 5n(n − 35)  0
a 2 + 6d = 16 ............b n  35
b − a: 2d = 3 Bilangan hari minimum bekerja ialah

36 hari.
d = 3 The minimum number of days working is 36 days.
2
a = 13 − 4 3 = 7
  (c) (i) Sn  300
2 n [2(20) + (n − 1)(8)]  300
2
(b) Sn = 2n2 + 8n n[20 + (4n − 4)]  300
a = S1 4n2 + 16n − 300  0
= 2(1)2 + 8(1) n2 + 4n − 75  0
= 10 –10.9  n  6.9
∴ n = 6
S2 = 2(2)2 + 8(2)
= 24 T6 = 20 + (6 − 1)(8)
(ii)
= 60 cm
T2 = S2 − S1
= 24 − 10
= 14 Kuasai SPM 1
d = T2 − T1 (a) 3y − x − (y + 3) = y + 3 − 15
= 14 − 10 2y − x − 3 = y − 12
=4 y = x − 9
∴ a = 10, d = 4 (b) y = 27 − 9
= 18
T2 = 18 + 3 = 21
d = 21 – 15
= 6

1 (e) a = 0.3
– 1
7. (a) r1 = 1 = – 1 , r2 =2 = – 1 , r = 4 = – 1 r = 0.36 = 1.2
–2 2 1 2 3 – 1 2 0.3
2
T11 = 0.3(1.2)11 − 1
Janjang geometri kerana nisbah sepunya,
= 1.8575
r adalah sama.
A geometric progression because the common ratio, r is
the same. 9. (a) a = 5
r = 15 = 3
(b) r1 = 20 = 2, r2 = 60 = 3 5
10 20
Tn = 32 805
Bukan janjang geometri kerana nisbah 5(3)n − 1 = 32 805
sepunya, r adalah berbeza. (3)n − 1 = 6 561
Not a geometric progression because the common ratio,
r is different. (3)n − 1 = 38 3x = 6 561
n − 1 = 8 x log 3 = log 6 561
2 1
n = 9 x =
log 6 561
(c) r1 = 4 = 1 , r2 =x = 1 , r = x2 = 1
= 8
log 3
8x 2x 4 2x 3 2 2x
x 4
Janjang geometri kerana nisbah sepunya,
r adalah sama. (b) a = − , r = 3 = – 1
16
A geometric progression because the common ratio, r is
3 − 16 4
3
the same.
Tn = 1
192 4x = 1 024
1
8. (a) a = – log 1 024
− 16 – 1 = 1
n−1
2  3  
4
x =
192 = 5
log 4
3
r= = –6
– 1 = – 1
n−1
– 1  
4 1 024
2
– 1 = – 1
n−1 5
T5 = – 1 (–6)5 − 1
   
4  
4
2
= −648 n − 1 = 5
n = 6
(b) a = 3
r= 9 2
3
=3 0. (a) a = 1, r = 3 = 2
1
1 3
T7 = 3(3)7 − 1 6
11– 2
  
= 2 187 3 = 665
S6 =
1– 2 243
(c) a = 81
3
r = 54 = 2
81 3
(b) a = 4, r = 12 = 3
T6 = 81 2
6−1
 
3
4
S7 = 4(3 − 1) = 4 372
7
= 32
3 3−1
(d) a = 2 (c) a = 3, r = –6 = −2
3 3
1
S8 = 3[(–2) – 1] = −255
8
r = 6 = 1 –2 − 1
2 4
3
T5 = 2 1 = 1
5−1
3 4  384

11. (a) a = 80 Sn = 1662.5 (c) 0.1777… = 0.1 + [0.07 + 0.007 + 0.0007 + …]

r = 120 = 3
n a = 0.07
80 3 – 1
  
80 2 2 r = 0.007 = 0.1
= 1662.5
3 –1 0.07
2 0.1777 … = 0.1 + 0.07
3 n = 729 1 – 0.1
2   64 = 1 + 7
10 90
n log = log 729
3
2 64 = 8
n = 6 45
32
12. (a) a = 32 S∞ = 15. (a) (i) Janjang geometri:
1 – – 1
  Geometric progression:
r = –16 = – 1 2 a, ar, ar 2, ar 3, …
32 2 1
= 21 ar = 16 ..........................a
3
(ar 2)(ar 3) = a
5 ar 5 = 1 ................b
(b) a = 5 6
S∞ =
b ÷ a: ar = 1
5
6 1– 1 ar 16
5 3
1 r 4
= 1
18
r= =1 =1
4 16
5 3
6 r = 1 atau/or − 1
2 2
10 Sebutan positif, maka
13. (a) S∞ = Positive term, thus
3 16
5 10 r = 1 , a = = 32
= 2 1
1–r 3 2
r = − 1
2 32
(ii) S∞ =
T5 = 5 − 1 = 5 1– 1
5−1
2  16 2
= 64
(b) S∞ = 25
(b) Bagi janjang geometri P
a = 25 For geometric progression P
1– 3 x
5 = 6
a = 10 1–y
x = 6 − 6y ............................a
T4 = 10 3 =2 4
4−1
5  25 Bagi janjang geometri Q

For geometric progression Q
14. (a) 0.153153153… = 0.153 + 0.000153 + 2x
= 7
0.000000153 + … 1 − y2
a = 0.153 2x = 7 − 7y2 ..........................b
r = 0.000153 = 0.001 Gantikan a ke dalam b / Substitute a into b
0.153
2(6 − 6y) = 7 − 7y2
0.153153153 … = 0.153 = 17 12 − 12y = 7 − 7y2
1 – 0.001 111
7y − 12y + 5 = 0
2
(b) 2.252525… = 2 + [0.25 + 0.0025 + 0.000025
+ …] y = 1, y = 5
7
a = 0.25 5
y ≠ 1, maka / thus y = ,
r = 0.0025 = 0.01 7
0.25 5 12
2.252525 … = 2 + 0.25
x=6−6
7  
=
7
1 – 0.01
=2+ 25
99
=2 25
99

(c) (i) a = 4.5, r = 1 − 0.08 = 0.92 (b) a = 5 − 1 = 4

T2 = 2(5) + 2 = 12
Tn  1.5 12
4.5(0.92)  1.5
n−1 r= =3
4
(0.92)n − 1  1 4(35 − 1)
3 S5 =
3−1
log 1 = 484
n − 1  3
log 0.92 S2 = 4 + 12 = 16
n − 1  13.18
n  14.18 S5 − S2 = 484 − 16
= 468
Maka, mesin itu boleh berfungsi selama
14 jam. 2. log2 4x2 2 log2 2x
Thus, the machine can work for 14 hours. r= = =2
log2 2x log2 2x
4.5(1 − 0.9214) a = log2 2x
(ii) S14 =
1 − 0.92
T4 = 16
= 38.75
(log2 2x)(2)4 − 1 = 16
Maka, 39 liter air telah digunakan. log2 2x = 2
Thus, 39 litres of water has been used. log2 2x = log2 22
(d) (i) Ayunan pertama / First oscillate, θ = 60° x = 2
60° 22 88
×2× × 28 =
360° 7 3
88 MODUL SPM
a = , r = 0.96
3
Janjang geometri bagi panjang lengkok
Kertas 1
The geometric progression of the length of arc
88 88 88 1. (a) a + 4d = 13 ..............a
, (0.96), (0.96)2, … a + 8d = 29 ..............b
3 3 3
88 b – a: 4d = 16
, 28.16, 27.0336, …
3 d = 4
88 a = 13 – 4(4)
(1 − 0.9610) = –3
(ii) S10 = 3
1 − 0.96 (b) a = 15, r = 0.85
= 245.79 cm Tn = 7.83
88 15(0.85)n − 1 = 7.83
3 (0.85)n − 1 = 0.522
(iii) S∞ = log 0.522
1 − 0.96 n − 1 =
log 0.85
= 733.33 cm n = 5
a = 300, d = 290 − 300 = −10
Kuasai SPM 2
T5 = 300 + (5 − 1)(−10)
1. 2x + 2 7x + 1 = 260 K
(a) =
x−1 2x + 2
(2x + 2)2 = (7x + 1)(x − 1) 2. (a)
x + 4 − y = y − 5x
4x2 + 8x + 4 = 7x2 – 6x − 1 2y = 6x + 4
3x2 − 14x − 5 = 0 y = 3x + 2
1
x = 5 atau / or − (b) d = y − 5x
3
Oleh kerana sebutan adalah positif, = 3x + 2 − 5x
maka x = 5. = −2x + 2
Since the terms are positive, then x = 5. T8 = 5x + 7(−2x + 2)
= −9x + 14

3. (a) a = 12
a 4 = 9
 
T5 = 18 3
12 + 4d = 18 a = 6.75
3
T5 = 6.75 4 = 21.33 g
4
d =
2
3  
15
S15 = 2(12) + (15 − 1) 3
   (b) Sn  200
2 2 4 n
= 337.5 6.75
3  
– 1 
 200
(b) a = 12, ar 4 = 18 4 –1
ar 4 18 3
=
4 n  10.88
a
3
12
3  
r 4 = log 10.88
2 n 
log 4
r = 4 
3
2 n  8.3
3
 32 
13 – 1
T13 = (12) 4 Bilangan eksperimen yang dapat dijalankan
ialah 8.
= 40.5 The number of experiments can be carried out is 8.
4. (a) a + ar2 = 25 .................a

ar + ar3 = 50 ................b FOKUS KBAT
ar + ar3 50 1. (a) (i) a = 180
b ÷ a: =
a + ar 2
25 r = 106% = 1.06
ar(1 + r2) T6 = (180)(1.06)6 − 1
= 2
a(1 + r2) = RM240.88
r = 2
a + a(2) = 25
2 (ii) Tn  2(180)
a = 5 180(1.06)  360
n−1
5(22 − 1) (1.06)n − 1  2
(b) S2 = log 2
2−1 n − 1 
log 1.06
= 15
n  12.9
5(26 − 1) n = 13
S6 =
2−1
= 315 Maka, pada tahun 2033.
Thus, in year 2033.
S6 − S2 = 315 − 15
= 300 180[(1.06)10 − 1]
(b) S10 =
1.06 − 1
Kertas 2 = RM2 372.54
Jumlah wang yang diperlukan
1. (a) a = 1, d = 2 Total amount of money needed
T12 = 1 + (12 − 1)(2) = 23 = RM2 372.54 × 3 g
Baris terpanjang / The longest row = RM7 117.62
= 23 × 2 cm = 46 cm
12 2. (a) –3, 9, –27
(b) S12 = [2(1) + (12 − 1)(2)] = 144
2 (b) a = –3
Jumlah luas / Total area 9
= 144 × 2 cm × 2 cm = 576 cm2 r= = –3
–3
2. (a) T2 : ar = 9 Apabila |r|  1 dan nilai n semakin bertambah
T4 : ar 3 = 16 dan menghampiri ketakterhinggaan, nilai r n
ar 3 16 a(r n − 1)
= dalam rumus Sn = akan menjadi
ar 9 r–1
besar dan nilai Sn akan menjadi ∞.
16 When |r|  1 and the value of n increases and closer to
r 2 = a(r n − 1)
9 infinity, the value of r n in the formula Sn = will be
4 r–1
r = large and the value of Sn will be ∞.
3
BAB
(c) Graf y melawan x
Hukum Linear
6
Graph of y against x
y
Linear Law
1. (a) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan 40

satu garis lurus.
A graph of non-linear relation because the graph is not a
30
straight line.
(b) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan 20
satu garis lurus.
straight line. 10
(c) Graf hubungan linear kerana graf adalah

x
garis lurus. 0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
A graph of linear relation because the graph is a straight
line.
(d) Graf hubungan tak linear kerana graf bukan 4. (a) (i) Graf y melawan x
satu garis lurus. y
straight line.
0.8
2. (a) Graf y melawan x

y 0.6
0.4
2.0
0.2
1.5
0 x
1.0 1 2 3 4
(ii) Daripada graf, pintasan-y = 0.16

0.5 From the graph, y-intercept = 0.16
Kecerunan / Gradient
0
10 20 30 40 50
x = 0.84 − 0.36
3.4 − 1
= 0.2
(b) Graf y melawan x
y (iii) Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
Equation of the line of best fit
y = 0.2x + 0.16
40
30
20
10
0 x
10 20 30 40 50

(b) (i) Graf y melawan x (iii) Kecerunan / Gradient

= 7.5 − 2.5
y
5–1
= 1.25
30 Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 1.2
Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
20 Equation of the line of best fit
log10 y = 1.25x + 1.2
10 (b) (i)
y
Graf x melawan x 2
x y
0 y Graph of x against x 2
1 2 3 4
x
–10 50
(ii) Daripada graf, pintasan-y = –4 40

From the graph, y-intercept = –4
30
= 30 − 13
4−2
20
= 8.5
(iii) Persamaan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik
10
Equation of the line of best fit
y = 8.5x – 4
0 x2
13 23.5
5 10 15 20 25
5. (a) (i)
Graf log10 y melawan x

Graph of log10 y against x
log10 y
(ii) (a) Kecerunan / Gradient
10 = 38 – 24.5
25 – 16
= 1.5
8
y
(b) Apabila / When = 36
x
6 x2 = 23.5
5.6
4 (c) Apabila / When x = 2.5, x2 = 6.25

y
= 10
x
2 y = 10(2.5)
= 25
0 x
1 1.9
2 3 4 5 5.4 6 y
(d) Apabila / When = 20,
x
(ii) (a) Apabila / When x = 3.5, x2 = 13
log10 y = 5.6 x =  13
= 3.606
(b) Apabila / When x = 0.6,
log10 y = 2 (iii) Persamaan garis lurus
y = 102 Equation of the straight line
= 100 y
= 1.5x2 + 0.5
x
(c) Apabila / When log10 y = 8, y = 1.5x3 + 0.5x
x = 5.4
(d) Apabila / When y = 4 000,
log10 4 000 = 3.6,
x = 1.9

Persamaan linear Y X m c
Linear equation
6. (a) 1
yx = x – px
xy 
x –p 1
x
xy = 1 – p
xy = –px +1
(b) q
y = x 2 + nx x2
x2y = q + nx3 x2y x3 n q
x2y = nx3 + q
(c) [5y = 3x2 − 9x] 1

5x y 3
y 3 9 x −9
x = x − x 5 5
5 5
(d) log10 ay = log10 bx
log10 y + log10 a = x log10 b log10 y x log10 b −log10 a
log10 y = (log10 b)x − log10 a
(e) 1 1
y = (a + b) y a+b 0
x x
(f ) 2n m
= –1
y x
2n m
 y = – 1 1 1 1 m
–
1
x 2n y x 2n 2n
1 m 1 1
=
y  
2n x 2n
–
7. (a) (i) x2 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.7 4.2 4.8 yx

(ii) (a) = px3 + qx
y 
x
= x(px2 + q)
2.2 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 y
x
 = px2 + q

x
p = 3 – 1.5
y
Graf melawan x 2
x
y 3–0
y Graph of
x
against x 2
= 1
x
2
q = 3
4
2
(b) Apabila / When x = 1.6, 1.62 = 2.6

3 y
2.8 = 2.8

x
2 y = 2.8 ×  1.6
= 3.542
1
0 x2
1 2 3 4 5


(b) (i) log10 x 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

log10 y 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.50
Graf log10 y melawan log10 x
Graph of log10 y against log10 x
log10 y
0.5
0.46
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 log10 x
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

(ii) (a) y = qxr

log10 y = log10 q + log10 x r
log10 y = rlog10 x + log10 q
r = 0.4 – 0.36
0.3 – 0.15
= 4
15
log10 q = 0.32
q = 100.32
= 2.089
(b) Apabila / When x = 3.3,
log10 3.3 = 0.52
log10 y = 0.46
y = 100.46
= 2.884
Kuasai SPM 1
(a) Pintasan-x / y-intercept = 2 (b) log10 y – log10 x = 2 (c) 1 = log10 x + 2
Pintasan-y / y-intercept y log10 x = –1
m = – log10 x = log10 102
Pintasan-x / x-intercept x = 10–1
2 y
= – x = 100 = 0.1
(–2)
y = 100x
= 1
Persamaan garis penyuaian terbaik
The equation of the line of best fit
log10 y = log10 x + 2

8. (a) (i) log10 E 0.7 1 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.5

log10 P 0.4 1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.95
Graf log10 P melawan log10 E
Graph of log10 P against log10 E
log10 P 2 cm
2 cm
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
log10 E
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
–0.5
–1.0
P = E
n
(ii)
R
En
log10 P = log10
R  
log10 P = log10 En – log10 R
log10 P = n log10 E – log10 R
n = 1 – (–1)
1–0
= 2
–log10 R = –1
R = 10

(b) (i) t 0.5 1.05 1.6 2.1 2.55 3.0

In N 3 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.45 6.9
Graf In N melawan t
Graph of In N against t
2 cm
In N
2 cm
7.5
7.35
6.0
4.5
3.0
1.5
0 t
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
b+t
(ii) N = e a
b+t
ln N = ln e a
ln N = b + t
a
ln N = t + b
1
a a
1 = 6.9 − 2.4
a 3−0
= 3
2
a = 2
3
b = 2.4
a
b = 2.4 × 2
3
= 1.6
(iii) Apabila / When t = 3.3,

ln N = 7.35
N = 1 556

Kuasai SPM 2
(a)
log10 
V – 2 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78
log10 T 0.18 0.32 0.46 0.62
Graf log10 T melawan log10 V – 2

Graph of log10 T against log10 V – 2
log10 T
0.6
0.54
0.4
0.2
log10 V – 2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6

q
(b) (i) pT = V – 2 − log10 p = pintasan-y / y-intercept
log10 p + log10 T = q log10 
V – 2 = −0.68
log10 T = q log10 
V – 2 − log10 p p = 4.786
q = kecerunan / gradient (ii) Apabila / When V = 54.3,
log10  54.3 − 2 = 0.73
= 0.62 − 0.32
0.78 − 0.6 log10 T = 0.54
= 5 T = 3.47
3
MODUL SPM (b) log5 p = – 2

(–1)
Kertas 1 log5 p = 2
p = 25
y = x
3p
1.
q 3. y = kx2 + 4x
log10 y = log10 x
3p
y
q x = kx + 4
log10 y = (3p)log10 x – log10 q
Pintasan-y / y-intercept = (0, 4)
3p = 3 – (–9)
6–0 k = Kecerunan / Gradient = 4 –1 = – 1
0–6 2
2
p =
3 h – 1 = – 1
2–6 2
–log10 q = –9 h = 3
q = 109
2
2. (a) y = 25px
2
log5 y = log5 52 + log5 px
= 2 log5 5 + x2 log5 p
log5 y = (log5 p)x2 + 2

(ii) Apabila / When t = 9,

Kertas 2 log10 m = 1.16
m = 14.45
1. (a) x 1 6 13 22 28 (iii) log10 m0 = 1.64
(x + y)2 4 9 16 25 31 m0 = 43.65
2 cm
(x + y) 2
2 cm
FOKUS KBAT
35
q
(a) y = px2 +
30 x
yx = px3 + q
25
dengan / where Y = yx, X = x3
20
18 (b) Bagi / For Y1,
15
m = 18 – 6 = 1 , c = 6
24 – 0 2
10
∴ yx = 1 x3 + 6
5 2
x
Bagi / For Y2,
0
m = – 20 = – 4 , c = 20
5 10 15 20 25 30

(b) (i) x2 + 2xy − kx + y2 = ℎ 15 3
4
∴ yx = – x + 20
3
x2 + 2xy + y2 = kx + h
3
(x + y)2 = kx + h
k = Kecerunan / Gradient (c) Y = 1 X + 6 ......a
2
= 9 − 4
6−1 Y = – 4 X + 20 ......b
= 1 3
ℎ = Pintasan-y / y-intercept a – b: 0 = 11 X – 14
ℎ = 3 6
11 X = 14
(ii) Apabila / When x = 15,
6
(15 + y)2 = 18 X = 7.6
15 + y = ± 18
y = −10.76, −19.24 Y = 1 (7.6) + 6 = 9.8
2
Maka, titik persilangan ialah (7.6, 9.8).
2. (a) t 3 6 12 15 18 Thus, the intersection point is (7.6, 9.8).
log10 m 1.4 1.32 1.04 0.84 0.68
2 cm
log10 m
2 cm
1.6
1.2
1.16
0.8
0.4
0 t
3 6 9 12 15 18
(b) (i) m = mo(ℎ + 1)t
log10 m = [log10(ℎ + 1)]t + log10 mo
log10 (ℎ + 1) = Kecerunan / Gradient
= 0.84 − 1.32
15 − 6
= − 4
75
4
–
ℎ + 1 = 10 75
ℎ = −0.1156

BAB Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:

Geometri Koordinat 2 = kn + 5m
7 Coordinate Geometry

m+n
2 = 3k +5
1. (a) 7
P
5
4
A B 3k + 5 = 8
(i) AP : AB = 7 : 12 k = 1
(ii) AP : PB = 7 : 5
(b) A
12 cm P 6 cm
B

(b) (6, 3) = n(2) + m(8) , n(1) + m(k)
m+n m+n 
Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate:
(i) AP : AB = 12 : 18 = 2 : 3 2n + 8m = 6

(ii) AP : PB = 12 : 6 = 2 : 1 m+n
2n + 8m = 6m + 6n

2. (a) R(x, y) = 3(–6) + 2(4) , 3(–5) + 2(5)
2+3 2+3  2m = 4n
m = 4
= (–2, –1) L(4, 5) n 2
= 2
R(x, y)
K(–6, –5)
3
2 1
m : n = 2 : 1
Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:

(b) R(x, y) = 3(–1) + 5(7) , 3(2) + 5(26)
5+3 5+3  3 = n + km
= (4, 17) R(x, y) L(7, 26) m+n
K(–1, 2) 3 3 = + 2k
1
5 3
1 + 2k = 9
k = 4
(c) KR = 5
RL 4

R(x, y) = 4(–3) + 5(6) , 4(–5) + 5(4)
5+4 5+4  
(c) P(–3, k) = n(3) + m(–7) , n(6) + m(1)
m+n m+n 
L(6, 4)
= (2, 0) R(x, y) Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate:
K(–3, –5)
5
4
3n – 7m = –3
m+n
3n – 7m = –3m – 3n

(d) R(x, y) = 3(–2) + 1(4) , 3(–1) + 1(7)
1+3 1+3  6n = 4m
m = 6
L(4, 7) n 4
= – 1 , 1 
R(x, y)
= 3
K(–2, –1)
3
2 1 2
m : n = 3 : 2
3. (a) (–1, 2) = 
n(–2) + m(2) , n(k) + m(5)
m+n m+n  Bandingkan koordinat-y / Compare y-coordinate:
k = 6n + m
Bandingkan koordinat-x / Compare x-coordinate: m+n
–2n + 2m = –1 k = 6(2) +3
3+2
m+n
–2n + 2m = –m – n k = 3
3m = n
m = 1
n 3
m : n = 1 : 3

4. (a) Katakan kereta mainan berhenti di (x, y). (b) Bagi / For 6x + 3y – 12 = 0
Let toy car stops at (x, y). 3y = –6x + 12

(x, y) = 1(–7) + 3(5) , 1(6) + 3(2)
1+3 1+3  y = –2x + 4
m1 = –2
= (2, 3)
Bagi / For y = –2x + 5
Jarak antara Farhan dengan kereta mainan
The distance between Farhan and the toy car m2 = –2
= 
(2 – 5)2 + (3 – 2)2 m1 = m2
= 
10 unit/ units Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah selari.
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are parallel.
(c) Bagi / For 6x – 2y – 20 = 0


(b) (i) (1, y) = 3(–3) + 1(13) , 3(–2) + 1(10)
3+1 3+1  2y = 6x – 20
y = –6 +
4
10 =1 y = 3x – 10
m1 = 3
(ii) Koordinat kedai runcit
Coordinates of grocery shop Bagi / For 12x + 4y – 8 = 0
3+2
= 2(1) + 3(13) , 2(1) + 3(10)
3+2 

4y = –12x + 8
y = –3x + 2
= 41 , 32
5 5   m2 = –3
m1 ≠ m2
Kuasai SPM 1 Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
3(x) + 2(2y) 3(5x) + 2(–5z) selari.
(y, 4z) = 2+3
,
2+3  Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not parallel.
3x + 4y
= y 7. (a) Bagi / For 2x – y + 5 = 0
5
3x + 4y = 5y y = 2x + 5
x = y Bagi / For 4x – 2y + 7 = 0
3 2y = 4x + 7
15x – 10z y = 2x + 7
= 4z 2
5 m1 m2 = 2(2) = 4
15x – 10z = 20z
15x = 30z Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
y berserenjang.
15  = 30z Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not perpendicular.
3
y = 6z
(b) Bagi / For 5y – x = 0
6. (a) Bagi / For –2x – y = 3 y = 1 x
y = –2x – 3 5
m1 = –2 Bagi / For y + 5x = –3
y = –5x – 3
Bagi / For 4x – 8y + 1 = 0
8y = 4x + 1 m1 m2 = 1 (–5) = –1
5
y = 1 x + 1
2 8 Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah
m2 = 1 berserenjang.
2
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are perpendicular.
m1 ≠ m2
Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah tidak
selari.
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are not parallel.

(c) Bagi / For x + y = 1 (iii) Garis AC dan garis BD berserenjang

5 2 Line AC and line BD are perpendicular
2x + 5y = 10 mBD = 2
y = – 2 x + 2 3
5 Menggunakan titik M(–1, 6),
Bagi / For 2y = 5x + 1 Using point M(–1, 6),
y = 5 x + 1 y − 6 = 2 [x − (−1)]

2 2 3
y = 2 x + 20
m1 m2 = – 2  5  = –1 3 3
5 2
(iv) y = 6x + 18 ................a
Maka, pasangan garis lurus adalah
y = 2 x + 20 ..............b
berserenjang. 3 3
Thus, the pair of the straight lines are perpendicular.
6x + 18 = 2 x + 20
3 3
8. (a) (i) Apabila / When y = 0, 18x + 54 = 2x + 20
3x + 2(0) = 18 16x = –34
x = 6 x = – 17
∴ B(6, 0) 8
(ii) Katakan C(x, y) / Let C(x, y)  
y = 6 – 17 + 18
8
1(y) + 4(–3)

(6, 0) = 1(x) + 4(8) ,
1+4 1+4  = 21
4
x + 32 = 6 y – 12
= 0
5 5 
∴ B – 17 , 21
8 4 
x + 32 = 30 y = 12
x = –2
(c) (i) Apabila / When y = 0,
∴ C(–2, 12) 3x – 4(0) = 27
(iii) 3x + 2y = 18 x = 9
2y = −3x + 18 ∴ Q(9, 0)
y = − 3 x + 9
2 (ii) 3x – 4y = 27
Kecerunan garis berserenjang dengan AC 4y = 3x – 27
y = 3 x − 27
The gradient of the line perpendicular to AC
= –1 = 2 4 4
– 3 3 Tip Penting
PQ adalah berserenjang dengan RS
2 Persamaan garis lurus PQ is perpendicular to RS
yang melalui (x1, y1):
y – 0 = 2 (x – 6)
Equation of straight line mPQ = – 4
3 which passes through (x1, y1): 3
y = 2 x – 4 y – y1 = m(x – x1) y − 0 = – 4 (x − 9)
3 3
y = – 4 x + 12
3

(b) (i) M(x, y) = 2(–3) + 1(3) , 2(9) + 1(0)
2+1 2+1  (iii) PQ adalah berserenjang dengan RS,
= (–1, 6) maka PQ ialah diameter bulatan.
PQ is perpendicular to RS, then PQ is the diameter of
the circle.
(ii) mAC = 9 – 0 = – 3
–3 – 3 2 Menggunakan / Using
Menggunakan titik C(3, 0), P(0, 12), Q(9, 0)
Using point C(3, 0),
Diameter bulatan
y – 0 = – 3 (x – 3) The diameter of the circle
2 = 92 + 122
y = – 3 x + 9 = 15 unit / units
2 2

9. Luas segi tiga PQR / Area of triangle PQR

= luas trapezium PQUT + luas trapezium PRST – luas trapezium QRSU
area of trapezium PQUT + area of trapezium PRST – area of trapezium QRSU
   
= 1 × (QU + PT ) × TU + 1 × (PT + RS) × ST – 1 × (QU + RS) × SU
2 2 2  
1 1 1
= (y2 + y1)(x1 – x2) + (y1 + y3)(x3 – x1) – (y2 + y3)(x3 – x2)
2 2 2
1
= (x1y2 – x2y2 + x1y1 – x2y1 + x3y1 – x1y1 + x3y3 – x1y3 – x3y2 + x2y2 – x3y3 + x2y3)
2
= 1 (x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1 – x2y1 – x3y2 – x1y3)
2
= 1 [(x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) – (x2y1 + x3y2 + x1y3)]
2
Menggunakan algoritma sholeace, luas segi tiga PQR
By using the shoelace algorithm, the area of triangle PQR
x x2 x3 x1
=1 1
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
= 1 |x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1 – x2y1 – x3y2 – x1y3|
2
= 1 |(x1y2 + x2y3 + x3y1) – (x2y1 + x3y2 + x1y3)|
2
Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
Maka, rumus luas segi tiga PQR menggunakan luas trapezium adalah sama dengan menggunakan algoritma shoelace.
Thus, the formula of the area of triangle PQR by using the area of trapeziums is the same as using shoelace algorithm.
10. (a) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC 11. (a) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
1 –4 5 1 3 –3 –5 –4 3
=1 = 1
2 4 5 2 4 2 4 2 –1 5 4
1 1
= |(5 – 8 + 20) – (–16 + 25 + 2)| = |(6 + 3 – 25 – 16) – (–12 – 10 + 4 + 15)|
2 2
1 1
= |6| = |–29|
2 2
= 3 unit2 / units2 = 14.5 unit2 / units2
(b) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC (b) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
–2 –1 4 –2 –2 1 7 2 –2
=1 = 1
2 –4 2 5 –4 2 –3 –1 –10 –8 –3
1 1
= |(–4 – 5 – 16) – (4 + 8 – 10)| = |(2 – 10 – 56 – 6) – (–3 – 7 – 20 + 16)|
2 2
1 1
= |–27| = |–56|
2 2
= 13.5 unit2 / units2 = 28 unit2 / units2
(c) Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC (c) Luas sisi empat ABCD / Area of quadrilateral ABCD
1 4 2 –3 1
=1
1 2 5 1 = 1
2 1 7 –1 1 2 3 –1 6 5 3
1 1
= |(7 – 2 + 5) – (2 + 35 – 1)| = |(–1 + 24 + 10 – 9) – (12 – 2 – 18 + 5)|
2 2
1 1
= |–26| = |27|
2 2
= 13 unit2 / units2 = 13.5 unit2 / units2

12. (a) Luas pentagon PQRST / Area of pentagon PQRST

–3 –2 1 2 –1 –3
=1
2 2 3 1 –3 –4 2
1
= |(–9 – 2 – 3 – 8 – 2) – (–4 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 12)|
2
1
= |–40|
2
= 20 unit2 / units2
(b) Luas heksagon PQRSTU / Area of hexagon PQRSTU

6 2 –1 –2 0 4 6
=1
24 6 5 2 1 2 4
1
= |(36 + 10 – 2 – 2 + 16) – (8 – 6 – 10 + 4 +
2
12)|
1
= |50|
2
= 25 unit2 / units2
13. (a) 1 3 –5 a 3 = 18
2 5 9 a+2 5
1
|(27 – 5(a + 2) + 5a) – (–25 + 9a + 3(a + 2)| = 18
2
1
(–12a + 36) = ±18
2
–12a + 36 = ±36
a = 0 atau / or 6
(b) 1 4 t –1 4 = 16
2 t –1 t – 2 t
1
|(–4 + t(t – 2) – t) – (t2 + 1 + 4(t – 2)| = 16
2
–7t + 3 = ±32
29
t = 5 atau / or –
7
(c) Luas segi tiga PQR Luas sisi empat PQRS = 2 × Luas segi tiga PQR
Area of triangle PQR Area of quadrilateral PQRS = 2 × Area of triangle PQR
3 –4 6 3 1
=1 |5m + 23| = 2 × 22
2 4 1 –1 4 2
1 5m + 23 = ±88
= |(3 + 4 + 24) – (–16 + 6 – 3)| m = 13
2
1
= |44|
2
= 22 unit2 / units2
Luas sisi empat ABCD
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
3 –4 6 m 3
=1
2 4 1 –1 2 4
1
= |(3 + 4 + 12 + 4m) – (–16 + 6 – m + 6)|
2
1
= |5m+ 23|
2

Kuasai SPM 2
1 0 –2 4 0 = 11
2 4 1 k 4
1
|(–2k + 16) – (–8 + 4)| = 11
2
1
|20 – 2k| = 11
2
20 – 2k = ±22
k = –1 atau / or 21
∴ k = –1
14. (a) PA = 3

[x – (–1)] + (y – 4)2 = 3
2
(x + 1)2 + (y – 4)2 = 9
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 – 8y + 16 = 9
x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 8 = 0
(b) PA = 4
[x – (–2)] + [y – (–3)]2 = 4
2
(x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 = 16
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 3 = 0
(c) PA = 7
[x – (–3)]2 + (y – 6)2 = 7
(x + 3)2 + (y – 6)2 = 49
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 49
x2 + y2 + 6x – 12y – 4 = 0
PB 3
15. (a) =
PC 2

[x – (–5)]2 + (y – 3)2 3
=

(x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2 2
(x + 5) + (y – 3)
2 2
9
=
(x – 2)2 + (y – 4)2 4
4(x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 – 6y + 9) = 9(x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16)
4x2 + 40x + 4y2 – 24y + 136 = 9x2 – 36x + 9y2 – 72y + 180
5x2 + 5y2 – 76x – 48y + 44 = 0
PB 3 PB 4
(b) = (c) =
PC 1 PC 3



(x – 0) + [y – (–2)]
2

[x – (–1)]2 + (y – 1)2
2
=
3
1


[x – (–2)]2 + [y – (–1)]2

(x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2
=
4
3
(x + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 16

(x + 1)2 + (y – 1)2 9
x2 + (y + 2)2
=
1
(x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2
=
9
x + 2x + 1 + y – 2y + 1 = 9(x2 + y2 + 4y + 4)
2 2 9(x + 4x + 4 + y + 2y + 1) = 16(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4)
2 2
x2 + 2x + y2 – 2y + 2 = 9x2 + 9y2 + 36y + 36 9x2 + 36x + 9y2 + 18y + 45 = 16x2 – 96x + 16y2 – 64y + 208
8x2 + 8y2 – 2x + 38y + 34 = 0 7x2 + 7y2 – 132x – 82y + 163 = 0

16. (a) PA 2
(i) =
PB 1

(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 2
=

[x – (–2)]2 + (y – 4)2 1
(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 4
=
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 1
x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16)
x2 – 6x + y2 – 2y + 10 = 4x2 + 16x + 4y2 – 32y + 80
3x2 + 3y2 + 22x – 30y + 70 = 0
(ii) Apabila / When y = 0
3x2 + 3y2 + 22x − 30y + 70 = 0
3x2 + 3(0)2 + 22x − 30(0) + 70 = 0
3x2 + 22x + 70 = 0
b2 − 4ac = 222 − 4(3)(70)

= −356  0
Maka, lokus P tidak bersilang dengan paksi-x.
Thus, the locus of P does not intersect the x-axis.
QS m
(b) =
QT n

(x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 m
= n

(x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2
(x – 2)2 + y2 m2
2 =
(x – 1) + (y – 3)
2
n2
n2(x2 – 4x + 4 + y2) = m2(x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 – 6y + 9)
n2x2 – 4n2x + 4n2 + n2y2 = m2x2 – 2m2x + m2y2 – 6m2y + 10m2
(m – n )x + (m – n )y + (4n – 2m )x – 6m2y + (10m2 – 4n2) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Bandingkan dengan / Compare with 9x2 + 9y2 + 14x – 150y + 186 = 0

6m2 = 150 m2 − n2 = 9
m = ±5 25 − n2 = 9
n = ±4
m dan n mestilah bernilai positif, maka m = 5 dan n = 4.
m and n must be positive values, then m = 5 and n = 4.
AR 1 (iii) 3x2 + 3y2 − 14x − 1 = 0 ..........a
(c) (i) =
AS 1 x − 2y + 1 = 0 ...........................b
AR = AS x = 2y − 1
(x + 4)2 + (y − 1)2 = (x + 2)2 + (y + 3)2
Gantikan x = 2y − 1 ke dalam a
x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 − 2y + 1 = x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9
Substitute x = 2y − 1 into a
4x – 8y + 4 = 0 3(2y − 1)2 + 3y2 − 14(2y − 1) − 1 = 0
x − 2y + 1 = 0 3(4y2 – 4y + 1) + 3y2 – 28y + 14 – 1 = 0
BP 2 15y2 − 40y + 16 = 0
(ii) =
BQ 1 y = 2.18, 0.49

(x – 5)2 + (y – 4)2 2 Apabila / When y = 2.18
=
1 x = 2(2.18) − 1 = 3.36

(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2
(x – 5) + (y – 4)
2 2
4 Apabila / When y = 0.49
=
(x – 3)2 + (y – 1)2 1 x = 2(0.49) − 1 = –0.02
x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 – 8y + 16 = 4(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1)
Maka, kedua-dua elektron bertemu di
x2 – 10x + y2 – 8y + 41 = 4x2 – 24x + 4y2 – 8y + 40
(3.36, 2.18) dan (–0.02, 0.49).
3x2 + 3y2 – 14x – 1 = 0 Thus, both electrons meet at (3.36, 2.18) and
(–0.02, 0.49).

Kuasai SPM 3 MODUL SPM

1. (a) Diameter / Diameter Kertas 1
=  (–3 – 5)2 + (2 – 8)2
= 10 unit / units 10 0 2t 10
1. 1 = 32
Jejari / Radius = 5 unit / units 2 7 t 0 7
Pusat bulatan / Centre of circle 1
|(10t + 14t) – 2t2| = 32
2+8 2
2
= –3 + 5 ,
2  12t – t2 = ±32
= (1, 5) 12t – t2 = 32 12t – t2 = –32

t2 – 12t + 32 = 0
t2 – 12t – 32 = 0
Lokus C / Locus of C
t = 4, 8 t = –2.25, 14.25

(x − 1)2 + (y − 5)2 = 5
x − 2x + 1 + y2 − 10y + 25 = 25
2
x2 + y2 − 2x − 10y + 1 = 0

2. (p, q) = (3t)(3) + (4p)(2) , (2t)(3) + (2q)(2)
5 5 
6t + 4q
(b) Apabila / When y = 0 = 9t + 8p ,5 5 
x2 + (0)2 − 2x − 10(0) + 1 = 0
x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 p = 9t + 8p – 1 p = 1 q
5 3 6
b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(1)(1) 1 q
=0 t = – p ..........a p = –
3 2
Maka, lokus C bersilang dengan paksi-x pada 6t + 4q
q =
satu titik. 5
Thus, the locus of C intersects the x-axis at one point.
1
t = q ..............b
6
2. (a) Kecerunan garis AC 
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 1
Gradient of line AC 3. = 2
5–2 
(x + 2) + (y – 4)
2 2
=
=1
4–1

(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 1
=
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 4
Kecerunan garis yang berserenjang 4(x – 2x + 1 + y + 4y + 4)
2 2
Gradient of the perpendicular line = x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16

1
= − 3x2 + 3y2 – 12x + 24y = 0
1
x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y = 0
= −1
4. (a) h = pintasan-y / y-intercept = 4
y − 7 = −1(x − 3)

y = −x + 10 Kecerunan / Gradient
= – 4
(b) (i) DB = 3 5
 (x − 3) + (y − 7)2 = 3
2 Dua garis adalah selari, maka
The two line are parallel, thus
x2 + y2 − 6x − 14y + 49 = 0
k= 4
(ii) Apabila / When y = 0, 5
x2 + (0)2 − 6x − 14(0) + 49 = 0 y x
x2 − 6x + 49 = 0 (b) 2y – 3x – 10 = 0 + = 1
12 18
b2 − 4ac = (−6)2 − 4(1)(49) y = 3 x + 5 y = – 2 x + 12
2 3
= −160 < 0
m1 = 3 m2 = – 2
Maka, lokus D tidak bersilang dengan 2 3
paksi-x.
Thus, the locus of D does not intersect with the x-axis.
2 3  
m1 m2 = 3 – 2 = –1
Kedua-dua garis lurus adalah berserenjang.

Both straight lines are perpendicular.

Kertas 2 FOKUS KBAT

(a) Luas segi tiga ABC
1. (a) Kecerunan garis yang berserenjang Area of triangle ABC
Gradient of the perpendicular line
4 2 –2 4
= –
1
=
1 = 1
–2 2 2 0 10 2 0
Persamaan garis yang berserenjang = 1 |(40 + 4) – (–20 + 8)|
The equation of the perpendicular line 2
1 = 28 unit2
y – (–3) = (x – 2)
2
1 1 unit = 2 km
y = x – 4 1 unit2 = 4 km2
2
28 unit2 = 112 km2
Apabila / When y = p,
1 Kepadatan penduduk
p= x–4
2 Population density
x = 2p + 8
= 91 840
Maka, koordinat B ialah (2p + 8, p). 112
Thus, coordinates of B is (2p + 8, p). = 820 penduduk/km2 (people/km2)
2p + 8 0 2 2p + 8
(b) 1 = 24 (b) Titik tengah BC / Midpoint of BC
2 p 0 –3 p 10 + 2

1
[2p + 3(2p + 8)] = ±24

= 2 + (–2) ,
2 2 
= (0, 6)
2 Kecerunan BC / Gradient of BC
4p + 12 = ±24
4p + 12 = 24 , 4p + 12 = –24 = 10 – 2 = 2
p = 3 p = –9 2 – (–2)
Kecerunan garis yang berserenjang
Gradient of the perpendicular line
2. (a) (i) 2y – x = 7 = – 1
2
1 7
y = x + Persamaan garis yang berserenjang
2 2
The equation of the perpendicular line
mBD = –2
y − 6 = – 1 (x – 0)
y – 5 = –2(x + 2)
2
y = –2x + 1 y = – 1 x + 6
2
(ii) 2(–2x + 1) – x = 7 Apabila / When x = 4,
–5x = 5 y = – 1 (4) + 6 = 4
x = –1 2
Maka, koordinat balai polis ialah (4, 4).
y = –2(–1) + 1 Thus, the coordinates of the police station is (4, 4).
= 3
∴ M(–1, 3) (c) 2 km = 1 unit
4 km = 2 unit / units
(5)(3) + y

(–1, 3) = (–2)(3) + x ,
4 4  Katakan titik kereta polis itu ialah (x, y).
Let the point of the police car is (x, y).
(–2)(3) + x (5)(3) + y 
(x − 4)2 + (y − 4)2 = 2
–1 = 3 =
4 4 x − 8x + 16 + y2 − 8y + 16 = 4
2
x = 2 y = –3 x2 + y2 − 8x − 8y + 28 = 0
∴ D(2, –3)
(b) PM = MD
(x + 1) + (y – 3)2 = 
2
(–1 – 2)2 + (3 + 3)2
x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y – 35 = 0

BAB
Vektor
8 Vectors
1. KUANTITI
QUANTITY
Skalar Vektor
Scalar Vector
Suhu Jisim Jarak Daya Sesaran Berat

Temperature Mass Distance Force Displacement Weight
9
: 9
: 9
:
2. (a) |CD | = 
02 + 32 5. (a) |CD | |8~x| (b) |CD | = |8~x|
=
=3m |9
:
KL | |20~x| KL | |6~x|
|9
:
9
:
|CD | adalah ke utara. : 29
9 : : 49
9 :
|9
:
CD | is to the North.
CD = 5 KL CD = 3 KL
:
9
(b) |EF | = 
= 
42 + (–4)2
32 2  
6. (a) 6 1 k + 1 ~u = (4 − ℎ)~v

:
9
2m
= 4
2  
6 1 k + 1 = 0 dan /and (4 − ℎ) = 0
|EF | adalah ke tenggara. h = 4
1 k = –1
|:
9|
EF is to the Southeast. 2
k = −2
3.
7. (a)
Sama dengan 9
: 9
: 9
:
Is equal to (a) EA as (b) DA as (c) ED a+b
~ ~
b
Faktor 9
: 9
: 9
: ~
FB CB FC a
penghubung ~
Relating factor
(b)
4. (a) (i), (ii), (iii)
2a + 2b
~ ~
2b
~
c 2a
~ ~
2c
~ –1c
2~
–c (c)
~ –1a
3~
–b
~
–1a–b
3~ ~

(d) (b) (i) Laju sebenar lebah 16.5 km/j

Actual speed of the bee Q 16.5 km/h
3b
2~ –2 a + 3 b
3~ 2~
= 282 + 16.52 28 km/j
= 32.5 km/j (km/h) 28 km/h
–2a
3~ P
(ii) 16.5 km/j
16.5 km/h Q
8. (b) (i) CP = – 1 OC (ii) CQ = 1 CB
9
: 9: 9: 9
:
4 3 28 km/j
= – 1~ = 1 OA
9 :
c 28 km/h
4 3 P
= 1 ~a

3 Laju paduan / Resultant speed
9: 9 : 9 : 9: 9 : 9 : = 282 − 16.52
(iii) PQ = PC + CQ (iv) OQ = OC + CQ = 22.62 km/j (km/h)
9: 9 :
= ~c + 1 ~a

= –CP + CQ Arah / Direction
3
= 1 ~c + 1 ~a sin θ = 16.5
4 3 28
9: 9: θ = 36°
9. (a) (i) (a) QU = mQS
9: : Lebah itu bergerak pada laju 22.62 km/j
= m QP + PS 
dengan arah 36° ke kiri PQ.
= m –PQ + 1 PR
9:
 2
:
 The bee flies with the speed of 22.62 km/h with
direction of 36° to the left of PQ.
:

= m –PQ + 1  PQ + QR 
9
2
9: 9 :

Kuasai SPM 1
1
 
9: 19 :
= m – PQ + QR
2 2 9: 9 : 9 : 9 : 9 :
(a) NK + NL = NL + LK + NL
= m – ~ 1
2 
x+ y1
2~ 
9: 9
= 2NL + LK
9: 9
:
:
= 2–LN  – KL
= – 1 m~x + 1 m y
2 2 ~ = 2(–5~a) – 3~b
9
: 9 : = –10~a – 3~b
(b) PU = nPT
9: 9 : 9: 9 : 9:
= n PQ + QT  (b) LM = LN + NM
9: 9
:

= n PQ + 3 QR 
9: 9
: = LN + 3KL
4 = 5~a +3(3~b)
= n ~x + y  3
4~  = 5~a + 9~
b
= n~ 3
x + ny y
4 ~ 10.
9: 9 : 9 : g d
~ ~
QU = QP + PU B
9: 9 : A
= –PQ + PU
= –~x + n~x + 3 ny x
4 ~ C
O
= (n – 1)~x + 3 ny e
~
4 ~ f
~
(ii) – 1 m = n – 1 ............a
2
1 m = 3 n ..................b
9
:
(a) OB = 3 j |9
:
OB | = 
02 + 32
2 4 ~
0 = 3 unit/units
Gantikan b ke dalam a
Substitute b into a
=
3  

– 3 n = n – 1
4
1 m = 3 4
2 4 7  
n = 4
7 m = 6
7

9
: 9
:
(b) OC = –5~i – j |OC | = 
(–5)2 + (–1)2 12. (a) (i) a–~
~ b = λ~ c
~
–5 k~i + 3 j – (–2~i + j ) = λ(6~i + 4 j)
=
–1  
=  26 unit/units

~ ~ ~
(k + 2)~i + 2 j = 6λ~i + 4 λ j
~ ~
(c) ~ d| = 
d = 3~i + 2 j |~ 32 + 22 Secara perbandingan / By comparison
~
3 2 = 4λ
=
2  = 
13 unit/units
λ = 1
2
(d) ~f = 3~i – j |~f | = 
32 + (–1)2 k + 2 = 6λ
~
=
3
  = 
10 unit/units k + 2 = 6 1  
–1 2
k = 1
(e) g = –2~i – 2 j | g| = 
(–2)2 + (–2)2
~ ~ ~ a–~
(ii) 2~ c = 2(~i + 3 j) – (6~i + 4 j)
–2 ~ ~
=  
–2
= 
8 = 2~i + 6 j – 6~i – 4 j
~ ~
= 2 2 unit/units = –4~i + 2 j
~
11. (a) | ~p| = 22 + 12 c | = 
a–~
|2~ (–4)2 + (2)2
=  5 unit/units = 25 unit/units
1 a–~
Vektor unit bagi 2~ c
p̂ = (2~i + j )
~  5 ~ Unit vector of 2 a – c
~ ~
2 1 2 1
= ~i + j = – ~i + j
5 5~ 
5 5~

| q (b) (i) Halaju paduan / Resultant velocity

~| = 
(b) (–2)2 + (3)2
VR = –3~i + 2 j + 3~i
=  13 unit/units ~
= 2 j
1 ~
q̂ = (–2~i + 3 j )
~  13 ~ (ii) |VR| = 
22 = 2 m s–1
2 3 Masa yang diperlukan / Time needed
= – i + j
13 ~ 
 13 ~ 600
=
2
(c) |~r | = 
62 + 82 = 300 saat / seconds
= 10 unit/units = 5 minit / minutes
1
~r̂ = 10 (6~i + 8~j ) (c) (i) −4~i + 5 j + t (2~i − j) = −8~i + 9 j + t (3~i − 2 j)
~ ~ ~ ~
= 3 ~i + 4 j (2t − 4)~i + (5 − t) j = (3t − 8)~i + (9 − 2t) j
~ ~
5 5~
5 − t = 9 − 2t
(d) ~ 
|u| = (–3)2 + (–4)2 t = 4 s
= 5 unit/units
(ii) Kedudukan zarah A dan zarah B bertemu
û = 1 (–3~i – 4 j )
~
Position of particle A and particle B meet
5 ~ = −4~i + 5 j + 4 (2~i − j)
3 4 ~ ~
= – ~i – j = 4~i + j
5 5~ ~
Maka, titik pertemuan ialah (4, 1).
(e) |~v| = 22 + (–4)2 Thus, the meeting point is (4, 1).
= 2 5 unit/units
1 (2 i – 4 j )
~v̂ = 25 ~ ~
Kedudukan zarah A dan zarah B bertemu
Position of particle A and particle B meet
1 2 = –8~i + 9 j + 4(3~i – 2 j)
= ~i – j = 4~i + j
~ ~

5 5~ ~
Maka, titik pertemuan ialah (4, 1).
Thus, the meeting point is (4, 1).

Kuasai SPM 2 x – 3 = 0
(b)
x = 3
a| = 
(a) | ~ (–5)2 + 122 8 + y = 3
= 13 unit/units y = −5
5 12
â = – ~i + j
~ 13 13 ~ Kertas 2
–5
12  + h 3– 2
9: 9 : 9 :
a+~
(b) ~ b = 1. (a) (i) PQ = PO + OQ
9: 9 :
–2 = −OP + OQ
=
h + 10
= 3~x − 2 y + ~x + 4 y
~ ~
= 4~x + 2 y
= –2~i + (h + 10) j ~
~ 9
: 9 : 9 :
Oleh sebab ~ a+~ b selari dengan (ii) PR = PO + OR
9: 9 :
paksi-x, = −OP + OR
Since a + b is parallel to x-axis, = 3~x − 2 y + (n − 1)~x + 6 y
~ ~
h + 10 = 0
= (n + 2)~x + 4 y
~
h = –10 9: 9 :
(b) PQ = λPR
4~x + 2 y = λ[(n + 2)~x + 4 y]
MODUL SPM ~ ~
4~x + 2 y = (n + 2)λ~x + 4λy
~
Kertas 1 4λ = 2
λ = 1
9: 9
: 2
1. (a) OA = ~i + 7 j , OB = −2~i + 3 j
~ ~ 1 (n + 2) = 4
9
: 9 : 9 :
AB = AO + OB 2
9: 9 : n = 6
= −OA + OB
= −(~i + 7 j) + (−2~i + 3 j ) 9: 9 : 9 :
~ ~ 2. (a) (i) CD = CA + AD
= −3~i − 4 j = −(24~ a + 12~b) + 2~
b
~
9: = −24~ a − 10~b
(b) |AB | =  (−3)2 + (−4)2
CO = 1 CD
9: 9:
= 5 unit / units
2
Vektor unit / Unit vector
= 1 (−24~ a − 10~ b)
= – 3 ~i – 4 j 2
5 5~ = −12~ a − 5~b
9: 9 : 9 :
(ii) EC = 1 AC
2. PR = PQ + QR 9: 9:
= 2~x + 3 y + 4~ x − 6y 4
~ ~
= 6~x − 3 y = 1 (24~ a + 12~ b)
~ 4
9 : 29 : = 6~ a + 3~b
PO = PR
3 9: 9 : 9 :
= 2 (6~x − 3 y)
EO = EC + CO
3 ~ = 6~ a + 3~
b − 12~ a − 5~b
= 4~x − 2 y = –6~ a – 2~
b
~
9 : 9 : 9 : 9
:
OQ = OP + PQ (b) EB = ℎ(–6~ a – 2~
b)
9
: 9:
= –PO + PQ AB = 2k~ b
= –(4~x – 2 y) + 2~x + 3 y
~ ~ EB = EA + AB
9
: 9 : 9 :
= –2~x + 5 y
~
–6ℎ~ b = − 3 (24~
a – 2ℎ~ a + 12~ b) + 2k~b
9: 9 : 9 : 4
3. (a) OC = OB + BC –6ℎ~ a – 2ℎ~
b = −18~ a − 9~b + 2k~b
= ~ b + 4~a –6ℎ~ a – 2ℎ~
b = −18~ a + (2k − 9)~b
9: 9 : 9 :
CD = CO + OD –6ℎ = −18 –2ℎ = 2k − 9
= −(~ b + 4~ a) + 2~a ℎ = 3 –2(3) = 2k − 9
= −2~ a–~ b
k = 3
2

9: 9 : 9 : 9: 9 : 9 :
NL = NK + KL
3. (a) (i) (b) (i) AE = AB + BE
9
: 9 : : 9 :
= −3KR + KL ~ a + k~
b = AB + hBD
= −3~x + 2 y ~ a + k~
b = 6~
9
: 9 : 9 :
b + h BA + AC + CD 
~

b + h –AB + 1 OC + CD 
: 9
: 9 :
: 19 : ~ a + k~
b = 6~
LT = LN
(ii) 2
2
= − 19
2
:
NL
~ a + k~
b = 6~ 
b + h –6~ 1
b + (6~
2
a) + 12~
b 
1 (−3 x + 2 y) ~ a + k~
b = 6~
b + h(3~a + 6~
b)
= − ~ ~ ~ a + k~
b = 3h~
a + (6 + 6h)~
b
2
= ~x – y3
2 ~ 3h = 1 k = 6 + 6h
9: 9 : : h = 1 k = 6 + 6 1
 
KT = KL + LT 3 3
k = 8
= 2 y + 3 ~ x–y
~ 2 ~
3
= ~x + y
2 ~
FOKUS KBAT
9
: 9 : 9 :
9: 9 : 9 : 1. AB = AO + OB
(b) (i) NM = NK + KM = –(3~i + 4 j) + (–~i – 2 j )
9
: 9
: ~ ~
= NK + qKT = –4~i – 6 j
~
= −3~x + q 3 ~
2
x+y
~  
9
: 9 : 9
AC = AO + OC
:
= –(3~i + 4 j) + h(~i + 2 j )
2 
= 3 q – 3 ~x + q y
~  ~
= (h – 3)~i + (2h – 4) j
~
~
(ii) Secara perbandingan dengan |9: 9
:
AC | = |AB |
By comparison with (ℎ − 3)2 + (2ℎ − 4)2 = 
 (−4)2 + (−6)2
(ℎ − 3)2 + (2ℎ − 4)2 = 52
~ 2 
3p~x + 4 y = 3 q – 3 ~x + q y
~  ℎ − 6ℎ + 9 + 4ℎ2 − 16ℎ + 16 = 52
2
q=4 5ℎ2 − 22ℎ − 27 = 0

3 (4) − 3 = 3p (5ℎ − 27)(ℎ + 1) = 0

ℎ = 27 , −1
2 p = 1 5
∴ℎ= 27
9: 9 : 9 : 5
4. (a) (i) OD = OC + CD
9: 9 :
= 2OA + CD 2. (a) Daya paduan / Resultant force
= 2(3~ a) + 12~
b FR = F1 + F2 + F3
= 6~ a + 12~b = ~i + 5 j + (−4~i − j) + (−3~i + 4 j)
~ ~ ~
= −6~i + 8 j
AB = 1 CD
9: 9:
(ii) ~
2
= 1 (12~ (b) |FR | = 
(−6)2 + 82
b)
2 = 10 N
= 6~ b

4. (a) sin ∠ABC = sin 34°

BAB
Penyelesaian Segi Tiga 23 15

9 Solution of Triangles
sin ∠ABC =
sin 34°
× 23
15
1. p q r ∠ABC = 59.03° atau / or
(a) = = ∠ABʹC = 180° − 59.03°
sin P sin Q sin R
= 120.97°
x y z
(b) = = ∠ACB = 180° − 34° − 59.03° = 86.97°
sin 20° sin 40° sin 120°
atau / or
x 15 ∠ACBʹ = 180° − 34° − 120.97° = 25.03°
2. (a) =
sin 40° sin 60° sin ∠PQR sin 30°
15 (b) =
x = × sin 40° 8.2 6.5
sin 60° sin 30°
= 11.133 cm sin ∠PQR = × 8.2
6.5
∠PQR = 39.11° atau / or
sin x sin 40°
(b) = ∠PQʹR = 180° – 39.11°
8 10
8 × sin 40° = 140.89°
sin x =
10 ∠PRQ = 180° − 30° – 39.11° = 110.89°
x = 30.95° atau / or
∠PRQʹ = 180° − 30° − 140.89° = 9.11°
x 22
(c) =
sin 60° sin 45° 5. (a) ∠XAY = 180° − 38° − 43° A
22 = 99°
x = × sin 60°
sin 45° h
= 26.944 cm AX 300
= 38° 43°
sin 43° sin 99° X
300 m
Y
300
3. (a) Tidak wujud kes berambiguiti kerana dua AX = × sin 43°
sin 99°
sudut diberi.
Ambiguous case does not exist because two angles are = 207.15 m
given. h
sin 38° =
(b) D
207.15
h = sin 38° × 207.15
9 cm = 127.53 m
7 cm
38°
(b) ∠AHB = 180° − 55° − 40° = 85°
F E E AH 50
=
sin 40° sin 85°
Ya, wujud kes berambiguiti kerana bukan 50
sudut kandung ∠DFE diberi dan sisi DE lebih AH = × sin 40°
sin 85°
pendek daripada sisi DF tetapi lebih panjang = 32.26 km
daripada tinggi segi tiga.
Yes, ambiguous case exists because the non-included BH 50
angle ∠DFE is given and side DE is shorter than side DF
=
sin 55° sin 85°
but longer than the height of the triangle. 50
Segi tiga kedua / Second triangle: DFEʹ BH = × sin 55°
sin 85°
= 41.11 km
(c) Tidak wujud kes berambiguiti kerana sudut
kandung diberi. Padang A kerana jaraknya lebih dekat
Ambiguous case does not exist because included angle is berbanding padang B.
given. Field A because the distance is closer compared to field B.

6. (a) BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2(AB)(AC) kos ∠A (cos ∠A) ∠SPQ = 180° − 78° = 102°
x2 = 10.72 + 13.52 − 2(10.7)(13.5) kos 60° (cos 60°) ∠PQR = 180° − 44° = 136°
x = 12.341 cm
∴ ∠PSR = 78°, ∠QRS = 44°, ∠SPQ = 102°
(b) QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 − 2(PQ)(PR) kos ∠P (cos ∠P) dan/and ∠PQR = 136°
x2 = 4.82 + 62 − 2(4.8)(6) kos 36˚ 15ʹ (cos 36°15ʹ) (b) (i) Katakan sudut dongak belon udara panas
x = 3.548 cm dari Alex ialah ∠BAC.
Let the angle of elevation of the hot air balloon from
(c) BC2 = AB2 + AC2 − 2(AB)(AC) kos ∠A (cos ∠A)
Alex is ∠BAC.
8.32 = 4.52 + 6.52 − 2(4.5)(6.5) kos x (cos x)
4402 = 4002 + 5002 − 2(400)(500) kos
kos x = 4.5 + 6.5 − 8.3
2 2 2
∠BAC (cos ∠BAC)
(cos x) 2(4.5)(6.5)
kos ∠BAC = 400 + 500 − 440
2 2 2
x = 96.27°
(cos ∠BAC) 2(400)(500)
B
(d) ST2 = RT2 + RS2 − 2(RT)(RS) kos ∠R (cos ∠R) ∠BAC = 57.25°
x2 = 5.22 + 6.72 − 2(5.2)(6.7) kos 115˚ (cos 115°) 400 m 440 m
x = 10.069 cm
A C
500 m
(e) LM2 = KL2 + KM2 − 2(KL)(KM) kos ∠K (cos ∠K)
7.72 = 8.52 + 6.92 − 2(8.5)(6.9) kos x (cos x) (ii) Katakan sudut dongak belon udara panas
dari Chandran ialah ∠BCA.
kos x = 8.5 + 6.9 − 7.7
2 2 2
2(8.5)(6.9) Let the angle of elevation of the hot air balloon from
(cos x)
Chandran is ∠BCA.
x = 58.91° 4002 = 4402 + 5002 − 2(440)(500)
kos ∠BCA (cos ∠BCA)
7. (a)
kos ∠BCA = 440 + 500 − 400
2 2 2
P 10 cm Q
(cos ∠BCA) 2(440)(500)
∠BCA = 49.87°
5 cm 7 cm
t t
(c) (i) ∠QPR = 90° − 15° = 75°
S R QR2 = 52 + 182 − 2(5)(18) kos 75˚
x 16 cm y (cos 75°)
QR = 17.39 m
x2 + t2 = 25 ..........a
y2 + t2 = 49 ..........b
(ii) tan ∠STP = 9
x + y = 6 ...............c 8
a – b: x2 – y2 = –24 ∠STP = 48.37°
(x + y)(x – y) = –24.........d
(d) (i) Jarak antara bandar K dan bandar M
Daripada c / From c: y = 6 − x.........e The distance between city K and city M
Gantikan e ke dalam d / Substitute e into d = 50 km/j × 24 j 50 km/h × 24 h
 
(x + 6 − x)(x − 6 + x) = −24 60 60
= 20 km
2x − 6 = −4
x = 1 LM2 = 282 + 202 − 2(28)(20) kos 25˚ (cos 25°)
LM = 13 km
y=6−1=5
t2 = 25 − 1 (ii) 282 = 202 + 132 − 2(20)(13) kos ∠KML
(cos ∠KML)
t = 
24
kos ∠KML = 20 + 13 − 28
2 2 2
(cos ∠KML) 2(20)(13) L

 24 2 = 52 + 12 − 2(5)(1) kos ∠PSR 28 km
(cos ∠PSR) ∠KML = 114.42° θ
kos ∠PSR = 5 + 1 − 24
2 2
2(5)(1) θ = 114.42° − 90° 25°

(cos ∠PSR) K M
= 24.42° 20 km
∠PSR = 78°
Bearing bandar L dari bandar M ialah 024°.
 24 2 = 52 + 72 − 2(5)(7) kos ∠QRS The bearing of city L from city M 024°.
(cos ∠QRS)
kos ∠QRS = 5 2
+ 72
− 24
(cos ∠QRS) 2(5)(7)
∠QRS = 44°

8. (a) Luas / Area (b) Luas / Area = 29

= 1 (9)(15) sin 25° 1
(9)(9) sin ∠BAC = 29
2 2
= 28.527 cm2 sin ∠BAC = 0.7160
∠BAC = 45.73°
(b) Luas / Area
= 1 (12)(8.5) sin 124° BC2 = 92 + 92 − 2(9)(9) kos 45.73°
2 (cos 45.73°)
= 42.281 cm2 BC = 7 cm
(c_ Luas / Area
= 1 (3.5)(4) sin 26° s = 6 + 6 + 7 = 9.5
2 2
= 3.069 cm2 Luas ΔBCD / Area of ΔBCD
= 
9.5(9.5 − 6)(9.5 − 6)(9.5 
− 7)
9. (a) B
= 17.06 cm2
4 cm
12. (a) (i) 152 = 302 + 342 − 2(30)(34) kos ∠ACB

A 9 cm C
(cos ∠ACB)
Luas / Area = 13.79 kos ∠ACB = 0.8975
1 (9)(4) sin ∠BAC = 13.79 (cos ∠ACB)
2 ∠ACB = 26.16°
sin ∠BAC = 0.7661
∠BAC = 50° (ii) Luas / Area
= 2 × 1 × 30 × 34 × sin 26.16°
2
= 449.70 cm2
(b) Luas / Area = 43.5 C
1 (12)(8) sin ∠ABC = 43.5 (b) (i) 72 = 3.62 + 72 − 2(3.6)(7) kos ∠PST
2 8 cm
(cos ∠PST)
sin ∠ABC = 0.9063

∠PST = 75.1°
∠ABC = 65° A 12 cm B
(i) SQ = 8.5
7 + 9 + 13 = 14.5 sin 35° sin 75.1°
0. (a) s =
1
2 SQ = 8.5 × sin 35˚
Luas / Area sin 75.1°
= 
14.5(14.5 – 7)(14.5 – 9) (14.5 – 13) = 5.045 cm
= 29.95 cm2 (c) (i)
∠PRQ = 180° − 70° = 110°
(b) s =
5.5 + 10.2 + 12.3 = 14 PQ = 8
2 sin 110° sin 50°
Luas / Area PQ = 8 × sin 110°
sin 50°
= 
14(14 – 5.5)(14 – 10.2) (14 – 12.3)
PQ = 9.813 cm
= 27.73 cm2
11. (a) AQ = 

52 + 42 (ii) PS = 8
sin 70° sin 60°
= 6.4 cm
PS = 8 × sin 70°
QW = 
42 + 52 sin 60°
= 6.4 cm PS = 8.681 cm
(iii) ∠RPS = 180° − 70° − 60° = 50°
AW = 
42 + 42
= 5.66 cm Luas ΔPRS / Area of ΔPRS
= 1 (8)(8.681) sin 50°
s = 6.4 + 6.4 + 5.66 = 9.23 2
2 = 26.6 cm2
Luas ΔAQW / Area of ΔAQW
= 
9.23(9.23 − 6.4)(9.23 − 6.4)(9.23 − 5.66)
= 16.25 cm2

x + 2x + 5 x (ii) sin ∠ACD = sin 61.03°

(d) s = 2 = 11 x 11 10.7
2 4 sin ∠ACD = 0.8994
∠ACD = 64.08°

11 x 11 x – x 11 x – 2x 11 x – 5 x = 8.55
 
4 4   4 4 2 ∠ADC = 180° − 61.03° − 64.08°
231 = 54.89°
x 4 = 73.1025
256
x 4 = 81 (iii) AC = 10.7
x = 3 sin 54.89° sin 61.03°
AC = 10 cm
AC = 5 × 3 = 7.5 cm
2
(iv) Luas ΔABE / Area of ΔABE
Luas ΔACD / Area of ΔACD
= 1 (4)(8) sin 61.03°
= 1 (7.2)(7.5) sin 38° 2
2
= 14 cm2
= 16.62 cm2
Luas ΔACD / Area of ΔACD
(e) (i) MP = 16 L = 1 (11)(10) sin 61.03°
sin 28° sin 22° 2
28°
MP = 20.052 cm 16 cm = 48.12 cm2
22°
P M
Luas sisi empat BCDE / Area of quadrilateral BCDE
(ii) MQ = 20.0522 + 162 = 25.653 cm = 48.12 − 14
LP = 16 = 34.12 cm2

sin 130° sin 22°
LP = 32.719 cm
MODUL SPM
LQ = 
32.7192 + 162 = 36.422 cm
LQ2 = LM2 + MQ2 Kertas 2
− 2(LM)(MQ) kos ∠LMQ
(cos ∠LMQ) 1. (a) Luas / Area = 70
1 (12)(15) sin ∠QRS = 70
kos ∠LMQ = 16 + 25.653 − 36.422
2 2 2
2
(cos ∠LMQ) 2(16)(25.653) sin ∠QRS = 7
∠LMQ = 120.16° 9
∠QRS = 51.06°
Luas ΔLMQ / Area of ΔLMQ
QS2 = 122 + 152 − 2(12)(15) kos 51.06°
= 1 (16)(25.653) sin 120.16° (cos 51.06°)
2
= 177.442 cm2 QS = 11.947 cm
sin ∠QPS = sin 17°
(b)
(iii) t = panjang terdekat dari bucu M ke 11.947 4.2
garis lurus LQ sin ∠QPS = sin 17° × 11.947
t = the shortest length vertex M to the straight 4.2
line LQ ∠QPS = 56.27°
1 × 36.422 × t = 177.442
∠QPS ialah sudut cakah, maka
2
t = 9.744 cm ∠QPS is an obtuse angle, thus
∠QPS = 180° − 56.27°

Kuasai SPM 1 = 123.73°
(c) ∠PQS = 180° − 17° − 123.73°
(i) 72 = 42 + 82 − 2(4)(8) kos ∠BAE
(cos ∠BAE) = 39.27°
kos ∠BAE = 0.4844 Luas PQRS / Area of PQRS
(cos ∠BAE)
∠BAE = 61.03° = 70 + 1 (4.2)(11.947) sin 39.27°
2
= 70 + 15.881
= 85.881 cm2

2. (a) ∠ABC = 180° – 80° – 40° (ii) ∠SPS’ = 180° − 2(62.63°) = 54.74°
= 60°
Luas ∆PSS’ / Area of ∆PSS’
AC
= 5.5
sin 60° sin 40° = 1 (3.7)(3.7) sin 54.74°
2
AC = 5.5 × sin 60˚ = 5.589 cm2
sin 40°
= 7.410 cm
4. (a) (i) QS2 = 42 + 52 − 2(4)(5) kos 82°
(cos 82°)
9.2 QS = 5.953 cm
(b) tan ∠VCA =
7.410 (ii) ∠QRS = 180° − 82° = 98°
∠VCA = 51.15°
sin ∠QSR = sin 98°
2 5.953
(c) VC = 
7.4102 + 9.22 sin 98° × 2
sin ∠QSR =
= 11.813 cm 5.953
VB = 
9.22 + 5.52 ∠QSR = 19.43°
= 10.719 cm ∠RQS = 180° − 98° − 19.43°
= 62.57°
BC = 5.5
sin 80° sin 40°
(b) (i) Luas ΔPQS / Area of ΔPQS
BC = 5.5 × sin 80˚
sin 40° = 1 (4)(5) sin 82°
2
= 8.426 cm = 9.903 cm2
BC2 = VB2 + VC2 − 2(VB)(VC) kos ∠BVC
(cos ∠BVC) (ii) Jarak terdekat dari titik P ke QS ialah
tinggi ∆PQS
kos ∠BVC = 10.719 + 11.813 − 8.426
2 2 2
2(10.719)(11.813) The shortest distance from point P to QS is the

(cos ∠BVC)
height of ∆PQS
∠BVC = 43.58˚ 1 × 5.953 × t = 9.903

3. (a) (i) PR = 7.5 + 3.5 − 2(7.5)(3.5) kos 70°
2 2 2 2
(cos 70°) t = 3.327 cm
PR = 7.109 cm

(ii) sin ∠PRQ = sin 70°

FOKUS KBAT
7.5 7.109
sin 70° × 7.5 1. Katakan jarak di antara rumah Dafi dengan
sin ∠PRQ = Muruga ialah x.
7.109
Let the distance between Dafi’s and Muruga’s houses is x.
∠PRQ = 82.47°
∠PRS = ∠QPR sin ∠D = sin 78°
750 900
= 180° − 70° − 82.47° sin 78° × 750
sin ∠D =
= 27.53° 900
sin ∠PSR = sin 27.53° ∠D = 54.6°

7.109 3.7
sin 27.53° × 7.109 ∠H = 180° – 78° – 54.6°
sin ∠PSR = = 47.4°
3.7
∠PSR = 62.63°
x = 900
∠PSR = 180° − 62.63° = 117.37° sin 47.4° sin 78°
x = 900 × sin 47.4°
(b) (i) P sin 78°
= 677.29 m
3.7 cm 7.109 cm
Masa diambil / Time taken
677.29
62.63° =
S S R 2.5
= 270.916 saat / seconds
= 4.5 minit / minutes

2. BD2 = 202 + 182 − 2(20)(18) kos 60° (cos 60°) 9m B

A
BD = 19.079 m
9m
110° 20 m
AD = 10 + 9 − 2(10)(9) kos 110° (cos 110°)
2 2 2
E
AD = 15.574 m 10 m 60°
C
D 18 m
15.5742 = 92 + 19.0792 − 2(9)(19.079) kos ∠ABD
(cos ∠ABD)
92 + 19.0792 − 15.5742
kos ∠ABD =
(cos ∠ABD) 2(9)(19.079)
∠ABD = 53.88°
Luas taman bunga / Area of the flower garden

= luas ΔBCD + luas ΔABD + luas ΔADE
area of ΔBCD + area of ΔABD + area of ΔADE
= 1 (20)(18) sin 60° + 1 (9)(19.079) sin 53.88° + 1 (9)(10) sin 110°

2 2 2
= 155.885 + 69.353 + 42.286
= 267.524 m2

BAB
Nombor Indeks
10 Index Numbers
x = I2020/2015
Q Q
= 2020 × 2013 × 100
Q2019 Q2013 Q2015
1. (a) I = × 100
Q2018 = 215 × 100 × 100
100 160
= 420 × 100 = 140 = 134.38
300
Purata bulanan bil telefon meningkat (c) I2020/2015 = 120
sebanyak 40% dari tahun 2018 hingga 2019. I
The monthly average of the telephone bill increases 40% 2020 / 2000 × 100 = 120
from 2018 to 2019. I2015 / 2000
180
Q2017 x × 100 = 120
(b) I = × 100
Q2007 180
x = × 100
120
= 31 105 028 × 100 = 116.41 = 150
26 720 370
Populasi penduduk Malaysia meningkat I2020/2015 = 140
sebanyak 16.41% dari tahun 2007 hingga I
2017. 2020 / 2000 × 100 = 140
I2015 / 2000
The population of Malaysia increases 16.41% from 2007
y
to 2017. × 100 = 140
175
QNov 140
y = × 175
(c) I = × 100 100
QJun
= 245
= 1.78 × 100 = 90.82
1.96 I2018 / 2010
3. (a) (i) I2018/2016 = × 100
Harga diesel seliter menurun sebanyak 9.18% I2016 / 2010
pada bulan November 2020 berbanding 125
= × 100
pada Jun 2020. 115.5
The price of diesel decreases 9.18% in November 2020 = 108.23
compared to June 2020.
Peratusan kenaikan harga ialah 8.23%.
2. Q2018 165 Q2018 120 The percentage of price increment is 8.23%.
(a) = , =
Q2013 100 Q2016 100
Q2016
I = × 100 I2018/2016
Q2013 Q Q
= 2018 × 2010 × 100
Q Q Q2010 Q2016
= 2016 × 2018 × 100
Q2018 Q2013 = 125 × 100 × 100
100 115.5
100 165 = 108.23
= × × 100
120 100
= 137.5
Q2020 125
(b) x = × 100 (ii) × 100 = 108.23
Q2015 Q2016
125 × 100
I Q2016 =
= 2020 / 2013 × 100 108.23
I2015 / 2013 = RM115.49
215
= × 100
160
= 134.38

Q P2010 120 P2013 135

(b) (i) 2020 × 100 = 225 (ii) = , =
Q2016 P2009 100 P2010 100
390 × 100 = 225 P P
I2013 / 2009 = 2013 × 2010 × 100
Q2016 P2010 P2009
390 135 120
Q2016 = × 100 = × × 100
225 100 100
= RM173.33
= 162
= RM173 -
(iii) I = 128
135(40) + 30x + 105(10) + 130(20)
= 128
Q2020 Q2016 40 + 30 + 10 + 20
(ii) I2020/2013 = × × 100 9 050 + 30x
Q2016 Q2013 = 128
100
= 190 × 120 × 100 9 050 + 30x = 12 800
100 100 30x = 3 750
= 228
x = 125
(b) (i) I = 120
- 116(5) + 102(2) + 121(2) + 112(3) P2015
5. (a) I = × 100 = 120
5+2+2+3 P2014
1 362 x
= × 100 = 120
12 5.00
= 113.5 120
x = × 5.00
100
- 116(126) + 102(108) + 121(36) + 112(90) = 6.00
(b) I =
126 + 108 + 36 + 90 (ii) I = 125
40 068 P2015
= × 100 = 125
360 P2014
= 111.3 y+2
× 100 = 125
- y
6. (a) I = 124.5 y + 2 = 1.25y
130(4) + 3x + 121(1) + 120(5) y = 8.00
= 124.5
4+3+1+5
1 241 + 3x z = 8.00 + 2.00
= 124.5 = 10.00
13
1 241 + 3x = 1 618.5 P
(iii) 2015 × 100 = 127.5
3x = 377.5 P2014
x = 125.83 30.60 × 100 = 127.5

P2014
- P2014 = 30.60 × 100
(b) I = 106 127.5
115(3) + 103(6) + 117x + 90(4) = RM24.00
= 106
3+6+x+4
1 323 + 117x Q
= 106 (c) (i) 2020 × 100 = 160
13 + x Q2015
1 323 + 117x = 1 378 + 106x x × 100 = 160
11x = 55 1.50
x = 5 x = 160 × 1.50
100
= 2.40
P2013
7. (a) (i) × 100 = 130 Q
P2010 y = 2020 × 100
Q2015
37.70 × 100 = 130

P2010 = 2.28 × 100
37.70 2.40
P2010 = × 100 = 95
130
= RM29 - 110(2) + 160(3) + 125(1) + 95(4)
(ii) I =
2+3+1+4
1 205
= = 120.5
10

(iii) I2020 / 2015 = 120.5, I2021 / 2020 = 108 (b) Peratus penggunaan bahan C
Percentage usage of material C
Q Q
I2021 / 2015 = 2021 × 2020 × 100 = (100 − 10 − 10 − 50)%
Q2020 Q2015
= 30%
= 108 × 120.5 × 100 -
I2018/2016 =
140(10) + 120(10) + 160(30) + 90(50)
100 100 100
= 130.14 = 119
Q2021 P
× 100 = 130.14 2018 × 100 = 119
50 P2016
Q2021 = 130.14 × 50
100 30 000
× 100 = 119
= RM65.07 P2016
P2016 = RM25 210.08
Kuasai SPM 1 P2020 150
(c) =
P2018 100
P
(a) 2018 × 100 = 120 P P
P2016 I2020/2016 = 2020 × 2018
P2018 P2016
P2018
× 100 = 120
4.20
120 = 150 × 119 × 100
P2018 = × 4.20 100 100
100 = 178.5
= RM5.04 Peratus perubahan / Percentange changes
= 178.5 – 100
= 78.5%
MODUL SPM
Kertas 2
1. (a) I2016/2012 = 110
Q2016
× 100 = 110
395
110
Q2016 = × 395
100
= RM434.50
-
(b) I2016/2012
= 105(60) + 110(80) + 122(85) + 115(45) +108(90)
360
40 365
=
360
= 112.13
Q2018 115 Q2016 112.13

(c) = , =
Q2016 100 Q2012 100
- Q Q
I2018/2012 = 2018 × 2016 × 100
Q2016 Q2012
= 115 × 112.13 × 100
100 100
= 128.95
2. (a) Bagi komponen P / For component P Bagi komponen S / For component S

w × 100 = 150 y = 55 × 100
90 w = 135 40
= 137.5
Bagi komponen Q / For component Q
100
× 100 = 140
x
x = 71.43

-
(b) I2020/2018 = 137.33
150(2) + 140(4) + 125m + 137.5(6) = 137.33
2+4+m+6
1 685 + 125m
= 137.33
12 + m
1 685 + 125m = 1647.96 + 137.33m
12.33m = 37.04
m = 3
Q
(c) 2020 × 100 = 137.33
350
Q2020 = RM480.66
Q
(d) 2021 × 100 = 110
Q2020
Q2020
× 100 = 137.33
Q2018
- Q Q
I2021/2018 = 2021 × 2020 × 100
Q2020 Q2018
= 110 × 137.33 × 100
100 100
= 151.06
3. Q2021
(a) (i) x =
× 100
Q2017
Q Q
= 2021 × 2019 × 100

Q2019 Q2017
= 80 × 136 × 100

100 100

= 108.8
y = 130 × 145 × 100

100 100
= 188.5
4.15
(ii) × 100 = 188.5
Q2017
Q2017 = 4.15 × 100
188.5
= RM2.20
-
(b) I = 144.98
108.8(2) + 123(6) + 188.5(4)
+160z + 130(3) = 144.98
2+6+4+z+3
2099.6 + 160z = 2174.7 + 144.98z
15.02z = 75.1
z = 5
Q2021
(c) × 100 = 144.98
7.45
144.98
Q2021 = × 7.45
100
= RM10.80
Harga jualan / Selling price
= RM10.80 × 160%
= RM17.28

FOKUS KBAT

1. (a) I2015/2011 = 121
Q2015
× 100 = 121
550
121
Q2015 = × 550
100
= RM665.50
-
(b) I2015/2011 = 113.75
125(m + 3) + 108(4) + 96m + 121(3)
= 113.75
m+3+4+m+3
221m + 1 170
= 113.75
2m + 10
221m + 1 170 = 227.5m + 1137.5
m = 5
Q
(c) 2015 × 100 = 113.75
Q2011
Q2015
× 100 = 113.75
3 800
113.75
Q2015 = × 3 800
100
= RM4 322.50
(d) Bagi jabatan Kewangan

For the Finance department
Q2016 Q2015
I2016/2011 = × × 100
Q2015 Q2011
96 108
= × × 100
100 100
= 103.68
-
I2016/2011
125(8) + 103.68(4) + 96(5) + 121(3)
=
20
= 112.89

(b) log5 (8x − 4) = 2 log5 3 + log5 4

log5 (8x − 4) = log5 (32 × 4)
Pentaksiran Akhir Tahun 8x − 4 = 36
x = 5
KERTAS 1 4. (a) log4 a − log16 b = 0

Bahagian A log4 b
log4 a − = 0
log4 16
1. (a) a + 2~
~ b = ℎ(~a+~ c ) log4 b
4~i + k j + 2(~i − 2 j) = ℎ[4~i + k j + (−~i + j)] log4 a − = 0
~ ~ ~ ~ 2
6~i + (k − 4) j = ℎ[3~i + (k + 1) j ] 2 log4 a − log4 b = 0
~ ~
6~i + (k − 4) j = 3ℎ~i + ℎ(k + 1) j a2
~ ~ log4  
b
= 0
Secara perbandingan / By comparison
a2
3ℎ = 6 = 1
b
ℎ = 2 a =  b
k − 4 = ℎ(k + 1)
k − 4 = 2(k + 1)
k = −6
(b) log3 0.16 = log3  254 
= log3 4 − log3 25
1 –3
(b) m
~ + 2n   
~ = 0 + 2 –6 = 2 log3 2 − 2 log3 5
–5 = 2a − 2b
=
–12  (c) 2x − 1 = 82x + 3
2x − 1 = 23(2x + 3)
| m ~ 
~ + 2n| = (−5)2 + (−12)2
x − 1 = 3(2x + 3)
= 13
Unit vektor / Vector unit x − 1 = 6x + 9
−5x = 10
= − 5 ~i – 12 j x = −2
13 13 ~
2. (a) |2x − 3| = 1 5. y = 3x2 + (5k − 2)x + 2r
2x − 3 = −1 , 2x − 3 = 1 5k − 2
2x = 2 2x = 4  
= 3 x2 +
3 x + 2r
x = 1 x = 2 5k − 2 2 5k − 2 2
= 3 x + 6   –
6 
+ 2r
(b) Katakan / Let y = 3x − 2
5k − 2 2 (5k − 2)2
x =
y+2
3
= 3 x + 6  –
12
+ 2r
x+2 Secara perbandingan / By comparison

k (x) =
−1
3 5k − 2 2
x+2
–  6  = – k
3
hk −1(x) = ℎ 
3  5k − 2 = –4 + 6k
x+2 k = 2
= 12
3  −5 
(5k − 2)2 1
= 4x + 3 – + 2r = –2k2 –
12 3
3. (a) 2x(23) − 2x(22) = 2 24r − (5k − 2)2 = −24k2 − 4
2x(23 − 22) = 2 24r − [5(2) − 2)]2 = −24(2)2 − 4
2x(4) = 2 24r = −36
3
2x = 1 r = −
2 2
= 2−1
x = −1

6. x2 + px + 5 = 2x − 4 8r2 − 8r = 6
x + px + 5 − 2x + 4 = 0
2
8r2 − 8r − 6 = 0
x2 + (p − 2)x + 9 = 0 4r2 − 4r − 3 = 0
(2r − 3)(2r + 1) = 0
b2 − 4ac  0 3 1
(p − 2) − 4(1)(9)  0
2 r = atau/or −
2 2
(p − 2)2 − 62  0
(p − 2 + 6)(p − 2 – 6)  0 Oleh kerana / Since |r|  1,
(p + 4)(p − 8)  0 1
maka / then r = − ,
∴ −4 < p  8 2
–1
7. x2 + y2 = 169 ..................a
a

2
= 2 
1 a = −4
(y + 2y)(x) = 90
2
xy = 60 ..................b 9. (a)
S∞ = 42
a
60 1 = 42
Daripada b / From b: x = y ..................c
1–
3
Gantikan c ke dalam a / Substitute c into a 1
60 2 2
a = 42 1 –
3  
 
y + y = 169 = 28
3 600
+ y2 = 169
  13  
4
y2 28 1 –
3 600 + y4 = 169y2 (b) S4 =
y − 169y2 + 3 600 = 0
4 1
1–
(y2 − 144)(y2 − 25) = 0 3
y2 = 144 atau/or y2 = 25 13
= 41
y = 12 y = 5 27
Apabila / When y = 12, 10.
xy = ax + b
60 b
x= =5 y = a + x
12
Apabila / When y = 5, 1
60 y = b x  + a
x= = 12
5 Kecerunan / Gradient
∴ x = 5, y = 12 dan / and x = 12, y = 5 6 3
b = − = −
4 2
8. (a) a = −147
Pintasan-y / y-intercept, a = 6
d = −141 − (−147) = 6 3
∴ a = 6, b = −
Tn  0 2
−147 + (n − 1)(6)  0
n − 1  24.5 11. (a) Kecerunan garis AB / Gradient of line AB
a–3 3–a
n  25.5 = =
–a – 1 – (–1) a
∴ n = 26 Kecerunan garis BC / Gradient of line BC
a+2–a 2
(b) T2 = 2 = =
–2a – (–a – 1) –a + 1
ar = 2 ..................a
m1 × m2 = –1
8 3–a 2
S∞ = −
3  
a –a + 1
= –1 
a 8 6 − 2a = a2 – a
= −
1–r 3 a + a − 6 = 0
2
8 8 (a − 2)(a + 3) = 0
a = r – ..................b
3 3 a = 2, −3
Gantikan b ke dalam a / Substitute b into a
Koordinat titik B / Coordinates of point B
8 8
r – r = 2
3 3   = (−(−3) − 1, −3) = (2, −3)
8 2 8 ∴ a = −3
r – r = 2
3 3

(b) Koordinat titik C / Coordinates of point C (b) Vr = 2~i + 5 j + (4~i − j)

~ ~
= (−2(−3), −3 + 2) = (6, −1) = 6~i + 4 j
~
Luas ΔABC / Area of ΔABC
|Vr | =  6 + 42
2
1 −1 2 6 −1
= =  52
2 3 −3 −1 3
1 = 2 13 m s–1
= |3 − 2 + 18 − (6 − 18 + 1)|
2 9
: 9 : 9 :
1 14. (a) (i) PA = PR + RA
= |30| 59: 9 :
2 = PC + RA
= 15 unit2 2
(c) A(–1, 3) 5
= (2~ b) − ~
a
B(2, –3) 2
PA 1 = 5~ b−~ a
=
PB 2 9
: 9 : 9 :
(ii) BC = BP + PC
[x − (−1)]2 + (y − 3)2 1 19 : 9 :
= = – PA + PC
[(x – 2)2 + [y – (–3)]2 2 2
4[x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 − 6y + 9] = x2 − 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 1
= – (5~ b−~ a) + 2~
b
4x2 + 8x + 4y2 − 24y + 40 = x2 − 4x + y2 + 6y + 13 2
1 1
3x2 + 3y2 + 12x − 30y + 27 = 0 = ~ a− ~ b
2 2
12. (a)
f(x) = 2x − 1 9: 9 : 9 :
(ii) QB = QA + AB
3 = 2x − 1 : 19
9 :
= 2AR – PA
x = 2 2
1
g–1(y) = 3 = 2~ a – (5~ b−~ a)
2
1 3 5 5
y – = 3 = ~ a− ~ b
2 2 2 2
1 9 9: 9 :
y = (b) QB = λBC
2 2
y = 9 9: 5 5
QB = ~ a− ~ b
2 2
1 1
(b) Katakan / Let y = g–1(x)
1 3
= 5 ~ 2
a– ~
2
b 
y = x – 9: 9:
2 2 QB = 5BC
2y = x − 3
x = 2y + 3 15. (a) W(5) = 100
g(x) = 2x + 3 25k(Wo) = 100 ...........a
gf(x) = g[f(x)]
W(10) = 200
= g[2x − 1] 210k(Wo) = 200 ...........b
= 2[2x − 1] + 3 210k(Wo) 200
= 4x + 1 b ÷ a: =
25k(Wo) 100
Bahagian B 25k = 2
5k = 1
13. (a) (i) F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 k = 0.2
6~i − 9 j + (−3~i + 5 j) + a~i + b j = 0 Gantikan k = 0.2 ke dalam a
~ ~ ~
(a + 3)~i + (b − 4) j = 0 Substitute k = 0.2 into a
~
a + 3 = 0 25(0.2)(Wo) = 100
a = −3 Wo = 50
b − 4 = 0 W(t) = 50(20.2t)
(b)
b = 4 W(8) = 50[20.2(8)]
(ii) F1 + F2 = 6~i − 9 j + (−3~i + 5 j) = 151.57 g
~ ~
= 3~i − 4 j
~
|F1 + F2| =  3 + (−4)2
2
=5N

(c) 50(20.2t) = 50 × 135% (ii) Sn = 6 120

20.2t = 1.35 n
[2(320) + (n − 1)(−8)] = 6 120
log 20.2t = log 1.35 2
320n – 4n(n – 1) = 6 120
(0.2t) log 2 = log 1.35 −4n2 + 324n − 6 120 = 0
log 1.35
0.2t = n2 − 81n + 1 530 = 0
log 2
(n − 51)(n − 30) = 0
= 0.4330
n = 51, 30
t = 2.165 jam / hours
Apabila / When n = 30
KERTAS 2 T30 = 320 + 29(–8) = 88
Bahagian A ∴ n = 30 (Tn  0)
1. (a) Menggunakan titik (4, –1) 3. (a) f(x) = −2x2 + 12x + p
By using point (4, –1) = −2(x2 − 6x) + p
x + y = p = −2[x2 − 6x + (−3)2 − (−3)2] + p
4 + (−1) = p = −2(x − 3)2 + 18 + p
p = 3
18 + p = 2
x2 − y + kx = 5 p = −16
42 − (−1) + 4k = 5 a = −2
4k = −12 b = −3
k = −3
(b) f(x) = −2(x − 3)2 + 2
(b) x + y = 3 .........................a Koordinat titik maksimum
x2 − y − 3x = 5 ..............b Coordinates of the maximum point
= (3, 2)
Dari a / From a: y = 3 − x ..............c
Gantikan c ke dalam b / Substitute c into b Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry
x2 − (3 − x) − 3x = 5
x=3
x2 − 3 + x − 3x = 5 (c) f(x) = 0
x2 − 2x − 8 = 0 −2x + 12x − 16 = 0
2
(x − 4)(x + 2) = 0 x2 − 6x + 8 = 0
x = 4, −2 (x − 2)(x − 4) = 0
Apabila / When x = –2 x = 2, x = 4
y = 3 − (−2) f(0) = −2(0)2 + 12(0) − 16
=5 = −16
y
Penyelesaian satu lagi ialah (–2, 5). (3, 2)
The other solution is (–2, 5).
x
0 2 4
2. (a) Janjang aritmetik bagi panjang segi empat
tepat
Arithmetic progression of the length of rectangles
–16
80, 78, 76, …
3
a = 80, d = 78 − 80 = −2 4. (a) y =
x –6 2
Tn = 2 1 x2 – 6
80 + (n − 1)(−2) = 2 =
y 3
n – 1 = 39 1 1 2
n = 40 = x – 2
y 3
(b) (i) Janjang aritmetik bagi luas segi empat (b) Menggunakan / Using (–3, h)
tepat: 1
Arithmetic progression of the area of rectangles: ℎ = (−3) − 2
3
80 × 4, 78 × 4, 76 × 4, ... = −1 − 2
320, 312, 304, … = −3
a = 320, d = 312 − 320 = −8 Menggunakan / Using (k, 2)
T8 = 320 + 7(−8) 1
2= k−2
= 264 3
k = 12

5. (a) (x − 6)2 + (y − 5)2 = 

 (x − 4)2 + (y − 3)2
x2 − 12x + 36 + y2 − 10y + 25 = x2 − 8x + 16 + y2 − 6y + 9
4x + 4y − 36 = 0
x + y − 9 = 0
(b) (x − 4)2 + (y − 3)2 = 2
x − 8x + 16 + y2 − 6y + 9 = 4
2
x2 + y2 − 8x − 6y + 21 = 0
(c) x + y − 9 = 0
x = 9 − y
(9 − y)2 + y2 − 8(9 − y) − 6y + 21 = 0
81 − 18y + y2 + y2 − 72 + 8y − 6y + 21 = 0
2y2 − 16y + 30 = 0
y2 − 8y + 15 = 0
(y − 5)(y − 3) = 0
y = 5, 3
Apabila / When y = 5,
x = 9 − 5 = 4
Apabila / When y = 3,
x = 9 − 3 = 6
Maka, titik persilangan ialah (4, 5) dan (6, 3).
Thus, the points of intersection are (4, 5) and (6, 3).
9
: 9 : 9 : 9
: 9 : 9 :
6. (a) (i) OC = OA + AC (ii) BC = BA + AC
: 19
9 : 1
= OA + AE = –~a + (–~a + ~b)
3 3
: 1 9
9 : 9
: 4 1
= OA + AO + OE  = – ~a + ~b
3 3 3
1
= ~a + (–~a + ~b)
3
2 1
= ~ a+ ~ b
3 3
9
: 9 : 9 : 9
: 9 :
(b) DB = DO + OB DC = λDB
80  9 : 9
:
= –OE  + 2OA 2 1 8
150
8 3~ 5~ 
a − b = λ 2~a – ~b
15 
= – ~b + 2~a Secara perbandingan / By comparison
15
2 8 1
9
: 9 : 9 : 9 : 2λ = , – λ = −
DC = DO + OA + AC 3 15 5
8 1 1 3
= – ~ b + ~a + (–~a + ~b) λ = λ =
15 3 3 8
2 1
= ~a – ~ b
3 5
Nilai λ adalah berbeza, maka B, C dan D tidak selari. Oleh itu, Lily dan May dapat melihat antara satu sama lain
tanpa dihalang oleh gerai C.
The values of λ are different, then B, C and D are not parallel. Thus, Lily and May can see each other without being blocked by stall C.

b 3 Bahagian B
7. (a) α + β = − a =
2
c 5 8. (a) 2y + 3x = 12
αβ = a = 3
2 y = – x + 6
2
Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots 3 2
(α – 1) + (β – 1) = α + β − 2  
m = –1 ÷ – =
2 3
3
= –2 2
2 y= x+c
1 3
= –
2 Menggunakan (5, 5) / Using (5, 5)
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots 2
5 = (5) + c
(α – 1)(β – 1) = αβ − α − β + 1 3
= αβ − (α + β) + 1 5
c=
5 3 3
= – +1 2 5
2 2 y= x+
=2 3 3
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation 3 2 5
(b) – x + 6 = x +
1 2 3 3
 
x2 − − x + 2 = 0
2 −9x + 36 = 4x + 10
1 x = 2
x + x + 2 = 0
2
2 3
2x2 + x + 4 = 0 y = − (2) + 6 = 3
2
(b) b2 − 4ac  0 Titik persilangan / Intersection point = (2, 3)
(k − 2) − 4(1)(4)  0
2 Jarak terdekat / Shortest distance
k2 − 4k + 4 − 16  0 =  (5 − 2)2 + (5 − 3)2
k2 − 4k − 12  0 –2 6 =  13 unit / units
(k + 2)(k − 6)  0
(c) A(5, 5), B(4, 0), C(0, 6)
∴ k  −2 atau / or k  6
Luas segi tiga ABC / Area of triangle ABC
1 4 0 5 4
=
2 0 6 5 0
1
= |24 − 30 − 20|
2
1
= |–26|
2
= 13 unit2

9.
(a) log10 (x + 1) 0.30 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78 0.85
log10 y 0.71 0.82 0.89 0.95 1.0 1.04
(b) 2 cm
2 cm
log10 y
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
log10(x + 1)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
(c) (i) y = k(x + 1)n (ii) Pintasan-y / y-intercept

log10 y = n log10 (x + 1) + log10 k log10 k = 0.53
k = 3.388
0.71 − 0.53
n=
0.3 − 0
= 0.6

10. (a) Tn = arn − 1

T4 = (80 000)(1.06)4 − 1
T4 = RM95 281.28
(b) Simpanan selepas n tahun  Harga kereta selepas n tahun
80 000(1.06)n − 1  150 000(0.96)n − 1
(1.06)n − 1
 1.875
(0.96) n − 1
(n − 1) log 1.06 − (n − 1) log 0.96  log 1.875
(n − 1)(log 1.06 − log 0.96)  log 1.875
log 1.875
n − 1 
log 1.06 − log 0.96
n − 1  6.34
n  7.34
∴ n = 8 (Akhir tahun 2027 / At the end of year 2027)
(c) arn − 1  75 000
150 000(0.96)n − 1  75 000
75 000
(0.96)n − 1 
150 000
(n − 1) log 0.96  log 0.5
log 0.5
n − 1 
log 0.96
n  17.98
n = 18
Jumlah simpanan selepas 18 tahun / Total savings after 18 years
= 80 000(1.06)18 − 1
= RM215 421.82
Harga kereta selepas 18 tahun / Price of the car after 18 years
= 150 000(0.96)18 − 1
= RM74 938.02
Baki wang Ali / Ali’s balance of money
= RM215 421.82 + RM74 938.02 − RM250 000
= RM40 359.84
11. (a) Luas segi tiga ABC / Area of triangle ABC 5–0 5
mAB =
(ii) = –
1 −1 8 6 −1 –1 – 8 9
=
2 5 0 10 5 5
y = – x + c
1 9
= |80 + 30 − (40 − 10)|
2 Menggunakan (8, 0) / Using (8, 0)
1 5
= |80| 0 = – (8) + c
2 9
= 40 unit2 40
c =
(b) (i) Titik tengah BC / Midpoint of BC 9
6 + 8 10 + 0 5 40
 2
,
2  = (7, 5) ∴ y = – x +
9 9
10 – 0
mBC = = −5 1 18 5 40
6–8 (iii) x + = – x +
1 5 5 9 9
y = x + c
5 34 38
x =
Menggunakan (7, 5) / Using (7, 5) 45 45
1 19
5 = (7) + c x =
5 17
18 1 19 18 65
c =
5 y =
5 17
+
5
= 
17
1 18 19 65
∴ y = x +
5 5 ∴ D ,
17 17 

Bahagian C
12. (a) PQ2 = 102 + 162 − 2(10)(16) kos 68˚

cos 68°
PQ = 15.37 cm
S2
sin ∠PSR sin 48°
(b) (i) = 13 cm
16 13 13 cm S1
sin 48° R
sin ∠PSR = × 16 68° 16 cm 48°
13 10 cm P
∠PS2R = 66.15° atau / or Q
∠PS1R = 180° − 66.15˚
= 113.85°
(ii) (a) ∠PRS = 180° − 48° − 66.15°

= 65.85°
PS 13
=
sin 65.85° sin 48°
13
PS = × sin 65.85°
sin 48°
PS = 15.96 cm
(b) Luas sisi empat PQRS
Area of quadrilateral PQRS
1 1
= (10)(16) sin 68˚ + (16)(15.96) sin 48˚
2 2
= 74.17 + 94.88
= 169.05 cm2
13. (a) Luas / Area ∠PQR = 9

1
× 4 × 5 × sin ∠PQR = 9
2
sin ∠PQR = 0.9
∠PQR = 64.16°
(b) PR2 = 42 + 52 − 2(4)(5) kos 64.16°

(cos 64.16°)
PR = 4.854 cm
sin ∠PSR sin 110°

(c) =
4.854 12
sin ∠PSR = 0.3801
∠PSR = 22.34°
∠RPS = 180° − 110° − 22.34°
= 47.66°
(d) Luas / Area ∆PRS

1
= × 12 × 4.854 × sin 47.66°
2
= 21.53 cm2
Luas segi empat PQRS
Area of quadrilateral PQRS
= 21.53 + 9
= 30.53 cm2

-
14. (a) I2019/2018 = 126.5 15. Q
(a) 2019 × 100 = 125
110(1) + 135y + 120(4) Q2017
= 126.5
1+y+4 1 600
x × 100 = 125
135y + 590 = 126.5y + 632.5
8.5y = 42.5 x = 1 280
y = 5 y
× 100 = 110
- 1 200
I2020/2018 = 135.6 y = 1 320
x(1) + 142(5) + 131(4)
= 135.6 920
1+5+4 z = × 100
x + 1 234 = 1 356 800
= 115
x = 122
I 116(90) + 125(50) + 110(42)
(b) I2020/2019 = 2020/2018 × 100 - + 115(76) + 120(102)
I2019/2018 (b) I =
Bahan A / Ingredient A 360
122 = 117.47
= × 100
110 37 000
= 110.91 (c) × 100 = 117.47
Q2017
Bahan B / Ingredient B Q2017 = RM31 497.40
142
= × 100 - I
135 (d) I2021/2019 = 2021/2017 × 100
= 105.19 I2019/2017
115
Bahan C / Ingredient C 100 − m = × 100
131 117.47
= × 100 = 97.9
120
= 109.17 m = 2.1
- 110.91(1) + 105.19(5) + 109.17(4)

(c) I =
1+5+4
= 107.35

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Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Jawapan

BAB (c) Domain ialah −4  x  2

Fungsi / A function a – b –2k = 8

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(iii) f(x)  4 9. (a) gf(x) = x – 7

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

Katakan jumlah jualan, x = RM7 000 (4, 4)

gf(7 000) = 0.08(7 000) – 4 000 = –RM3 440

Kuasai SPM 2 14. (a) Katakan / Let y = 7 – 5x

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(d) Katakan / Let y = x + 2 MODUL SPM

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

a – b: 22 = 10a FOKUS KBAT

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

3. (a) (2x – 1)(x + 3) = 20 (e) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots

Hasil darab punca / Product of roots ∴ x2 – 2x – 6 = 0

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(iii) Hasil tambah punca: (d) 3x2 – 7x – 5 + 2x + 3  0 y

Hasil darab punca: 1

Apabila / When b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(1)(10)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

8. (a) 4x2 + px = –p (b) b2 – 4ac  0

Kuasai SPM 2 13. (a) f(x) = –(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4

11. (a) x2 + (p – 2)x + 9 = 0

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) f(x) = –(x2 + 8x – 6) (b) (i) f(x)

Verteks / Vertex : (–4, 22)

Verteks / Vertex : (3, –23) 8

6 f(x) = –3(x – 2)2 + 5

6 f(x) = –2(x + 1)2 + 8 –7

(iii) f(x) (2, 5)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

16. (a) a = 2  0, titik minimum / minimum point (c) a = –1  0,

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) (i) r = (t + 10)2 − 2(t + 4)2 Nilai x maksimum ialah 6.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

3. 2x(x − 5) − 12  9(1 − x) (c) f(x)  8

Kertas 2 FOKUS KBAT

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

BAB Gantikan x = 5 dan z = 9 ke dalam d

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

Gantikan d dan e ke dalam c Gantikan x = 15 ke dalam g

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

5. (a) Katakan / Let Gantikan y = 3 000 ke dalam (4)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

17 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Kuasai SPM 2 2. (m + 3)2 − 16x + 8 = −10x + 4

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 18

3. x(7y + x) = 16 − 34y2 FOKUS KBAT

Substitute b into a x2 + (4 − m)x + 16 = 0

Dari a / From a: y = 8 − x ................c Apabila / When y = 51

49 − 3x2 7 x Apabila / When y = 15,

19 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

3 4 (c) 22z × 3z = 1 (d) 22x × 9x = 1

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 20

(b) 8x × 16x + 1 = 1 (c) 3x + 1 × 92 − x = 1 4. (a) Katakan / Let

21 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

= 4×2 = 4×6 (e) 7 + 2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 22

x + 54x + 729 = 100(2x + 3)

23 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(d) z2 + 102 = 152 (c) 2 + log6 18 − log6 3

Graf log10 T melawan log10 V – 2