Jawapan

Jawapan
(f) Bukan fungsi. Objek 6 mempunyai lebih

Bab Fungsi daripada satu imej, iaitu p dan q.
1 Not a function. The object 6 has more than one
image, that is, p and q.
(g) Fungsi. Setiap objek mempunyai hanya satu
1. (a) Suatu fungsi. Setiap objek mempunyai hanya
1
imej.
satu imej.
A function. Each object has only one image. A function. Every object has only one image.
(b) Bukan fungsi. 11 tidak mempunyai imej.

Not a function. 11 does not have any image. 2. (a) g : x → 2x
g(x) = 2x
(c) Bukan fungsi. Objek 8 tidak mempunyai imej.
Not a function. The object 8 does not have any 1
(b) f : x → , x≠0
image. x2
(d) Satu fungsi. Garis mencancang memotong 1
f(x) = 2 , x ≠ 0
graf itu pada satu titik sahaja. x
A function. The vertical line cuts the graph at only (c) h : x → x + 3
one point. h(x) = x + 3
(e) Bukan fungsi. Garis mencancang menyilang
graf di dua titik berlainan.
Not a function. The vertical line cuts the graph at
two different points.
3. Fungsi Domain Kodomain Objek Imej Julat

Function Domain Codomain Object Image Range
(a) {−2 < x < 4} {0 <f(x) < 10} −2 < x < 4 0 < f(x) < 10 {0 < f(x) < 10}
f(x)
10
x
–2 0 3 4
(b) {−1, 0, 1, 2, 3} {−2, 0, 2, 4, 6} −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 −2, 0, 2, 4, 6 {−2, 0, 2, 4, 6}

f(x)
6
5
4
3
2
1
x
–1 0 1 2 3
–1
–2
1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4 Bonus untuk Guru
(c) {4, 10, 18} {2, 5, 9, 11} 4, 10, 18 2, 5, 9 {2, 5, 9}
4 2
10 5
18 9
11
(d) {(3, 10), (5, 26), {3, 5, 6, 9} {10, 26, 37, 3, 5, 6, 9 10, 26, 37, 82 {10, 26, 37,
(6, 37),(9, 82)} 82} 82}
4. f(x) (ii) g(x) = 14

(–3, 8) (3, 8) u3x – 7u = 14
8 3x – 7 = 14 3x – 7 = –14
7 3x = 21 3x = –7
6 x =7 x =– 7
3
5
4
(c) (i) ℎ(x) = 2x2 + px − q
3 ℎ(2) = 8 + 2p − q = − 34
2 2x − q = −42 ................................... 
1 ℎ(3) = 18 + 3p − q = −30
x 3p − q = −48 ................................. 
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3  – : p = –6
Dari/ From (1): 2(–6) – q = –42
q = 30
Julat/ Range: 0 < f(x) < 8
(ii) ℎ(x) = 2x2 − 6x − 30
2x2 − 6x − 30 = 6
5. (a) (i) f(x) = 12 2x2 − 6x − 36 = x
x–2 x2 − 3x − 18 = 0
f(–4) = 12 = –2 (x + 3)(x − 6) = 0
–6
x = −3, x = 6
12
f(10) = = 3
8 2
(d) (i) f(x) = |8 + 3x|
f(−3) = |8 + 3(–3)|
(ii) f(x) = 3 = |8 – 9|
4
12 = |–1|
= 3
x–2 4 = 1
3(x – 2) = 48
x – 2 = 16 (ii) |8 + 3x| = x
x = 18 8 + 3x = x atau / or 8 + 3x = –x
2x = –8 4x = –8
(b) (i) g(x) = u3x – 7u x = –4 x = –2
g(–2) = u–6 – 7u = 13
g(5) = u15 – 7u = 8
© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

6. (a) h= k = (ii) f(4) = 4 – 3 = 1

qp rs
gf(4) = g(1)
(b) h = gf k = gg / g2 = 3
1
(c) u = v = =3
ff / f 2 fg
(c) (i) g(3) = 3 = 3

7. (a) (i) fg(x) = f(2x + 1) 3+5 8
= 5 – 3(2x + 1) fg(3) = f 3 1 2
= 2 – 6x 8
=2–8 3 1 2
(ii) gf(x) = g(5 – 3x) 8
= 2(5 – 3x) + 1 = –1
= 11 – 6x
(b) (i) fg(x) = f(5x2 – 2) (ii) f(4) = 2 – 8(4) = –30

= 5x2 – 2 + 3 gf(4) = g(–30)
= 5x2 + 1
= –30
–30 +5
(ii) gf(x) = g(x + 3) = 6
= 5(x + 3)2 – 2 5
= 5(x2 + 6x + 9) – 2
= 5x2 + 30x + 43 9. (a) (i) f2(x) = f(3x – 1)
= 3(3x – 1) – 1
(c) 4 = 9x – 4
(i) fg(x) = f 1x2
4 (ii) g2(x) = g(4x + 2)
=1– ,x≠0
x = 4(4x + 2) + 2
(ii) gf(x) = g(1 – x) = 16x + 10
4
= ,x≠1 (iii) f2(2) = 9(2) – 4
1–x
= 18 – 4
8. (a) (i) g(3) = 2 – (3)2 = –7 = 14
fg(3) = f(–7)
= 3(–7) + 2 (iv) g2(3) = 16(3) + 10
= –19 = 48 + 10
= 58
(ii) f(4) = 3(4) + 2 = 14
gf(4) = g(14) (b) (i) f2(x) = f(x – 6)
= 2 – (14)2 = (x – 6) – 6
= –194 = x – 12
(b) (i) g(3) = 3 = 1 (ii) g2(x) = g(x2 + 1)

3 = (x2 + 1)2 + 1
fg(3) = f(1) = x4 + 2x2 + 2
=1–3
= –2 (iii) f 2(2) = 2 – 12
= –10
(iv) g2(3) = 34 + 2(3)2 + 2

= 81 + 18 + 2
= 101

(c) (i) f 2(x) = f(2 + 5x) (b) = 2x – 1

f(x)
= 2 + 5(2 + 5x) fg(x)= 2g(x) – 1
= 12 + 25x 9 – 4x= 2g(x) – 1
2g(x) = 9 – 4x + 1
x 2g(x) = 10 – 4x
x – 1
(ii) g2(x) = x g(x) = 10 – 4x
( )–1 2
x–1 = 5 – 2x
x g : x → 5 – 2x
x–1
=
x – (x – 1) (c) f(x) =4–x
x–1 fg(x) = 4 – g(x)
= x
16 – x
= 4 – g(x)
8
(iii) f 2(2) = 12 + 25(2)
g(x)= 4 – 16 – x1 2
= 62 8
= 32 – (16 – x)
8
(iv) g2(3) = 3
= 16 + x
8
10. (a) fg(x) = f(9 – 2x) g:x → 16 +x
= 9 – 2x + 3 8
= 12 – 2x
(d) gf(x) = 18 – x
fg(x) = 12 – 2x = 6 g(5 – x) = 18 – x
2x = 6 Katakan y = 5 – x
x =3 x =5–y
(b) gf(x) = g(x – 3) g(y) = 18 – (5 – y)
= 3 – 5(x – 3) = 13 + y
= 18 – 5x g(x) = 13 + x
g : x → 13 + x
gf(x) = 18 – 5x = –2
5x = 20
x=4 (e) gf(x) = 2x + 3
g 6 = 2x + 3
1 2
(c) gf(x) = g 3 x
1 2
Katakan y = 6
x
=2 3 +11 2 x
x x = 6
= 6 + x, x ≠ 0
x
g(y) = 21 6 2 + 3
gf(x) = 6 + x = –1 y
x
6 + x = –x = 12 + 3
y
2x = –6 12
x = –3 g(x) = +3
x
11. (a) f(x) = x + 2 g : x → 12 + 3, x ≠ 0

x
fg(x) = g(x) + 2
7 – 3x = g(x) + 2
g(x) = 7 – 3x – 2
= 5 – 3x
g : x → 5 – 3x

(f) gf(x) = 8 – 3x2 (iii) f –1(9) = k

g(x + 2) = 8 – 3x2 f(k) = 9
Katakan y = x + 2 3k
= 9
x =y–2 k–2
g(y) = 8 – 3(y – 2)2 3k = 9k – 18
= 8 – 3(y2 – 4y + 4) 6k = 18
= 8 – 3y2 + 12y – 12 k = 3
= –3y2 + 12y – 4
g(x) = –3x2 + 12x – 4 (iv) f –1(10) = k
g : x → –3x2 + 12x – 4 f(k) = 10
3k
= 10
k–2
3k = 10k – 20
12. (a) fg(x) = f(x – 3) 7k = 20
= 4(x – 3) + k 20
k =
= 4x – 12 + k 7
4x – 12 + k = mx – 8
Bandingkan pemalar: 14. (a) f ialah fungsi satu dengan satu. f mempunyai
Compare the constants: fungsi songsang.
4x = mx, –12 + k = –8 f is a one-to-one function. f has an inverse function
m =4 k =4 (b) f ialah fungsi satu dengan satu. f mempunyai
fungsi songsang.
f is a one-to-one function. f has an inverse
(b) gf(x) = g(5x – 1)
function.
= 2(5x – 1)
= 10x – 2 (c) f bukan fungsi satu dengan satu kerana garis
10x – 2 = ax + b mengufuk memotong graf itu pada dua titik.
f tidak ada fungsi songsang.
Bandingkan pemalar: f is not a one-to-one function because the horizontal
Compare the constants: line cuts the graph at two points.. f has no inverse
10x = ax, b = –2 function.
a = 10
15. (a) f(x)
y=x
5
13. (a) (i) f(1) = −1 f
(ii) f(1) = −1, f −1(−1) = 1

(iii) f(4) = 2, f −1(2) = 4
x
(iv) f(−6) = 3 , f −11 3 2 = −6 –3 0 5
4 4
f –1
–3
(b) 3(4)
(i) f(4) =
4–2
=6 (b) f(x)
y=x
3(3)
(ii) f(3) =
3–2
=9
4 f –1
f
x
0 4

(c) f(x)
y=x
(i) f –1g(x) = f –11 2 1– 1 2
8
6–1 1 2
= 2x – 1
f –1 3
= 6(2x – 1) – 1
3 3(2x – 1)
= 12x – 7 , x ≠ 1
f

x 6x – 3 2
0 3 8
(ii) gf –1(x) = g 6 – x
1 2
3
1
=
16. (a) Katakan f –1(x) = y 6 – x –1
Let f(y) = x
2
31 2
3 – 4y = x 1
=
y = 3–x 112 – 2x – 3
2
4 3
3 , x≠ 9
f –1(x) = – x
3 =
4 9 – 2x 2
(b) Katakan g –1(x) = y 3

(b) (i) f g(x) =
Let g(y) = x 2g(x)
5y = x 3
=
y = x 2(4 + x)
5 3 , x ≠ –4
=
g –1(x) = x 8 + 2x
5
(c) Katakan h –1(x) =y (ii) Katakan / Let y = 4 + x
Let h(y) =x x=y–4
2 =x g–1(y) = y – 4
y–1 g–1(x) = x – 4
y–1 = 2 3
x fg(g–1) =
2 8 + 2g–1(x)
y = +1
x = 3
2
h (x) = + 1, x ≠ 0
–1 8 + 2(x – 4)
x = 3 , x ≠ 0
2x
17. (a) (i) Katakan f –1(x) = y

f(y) = x
6 – 3y = x
Praktis SPM 1
Kertas 1
y= 6–x
3
f (x) = – x
–1 6 1. (a) Katakan / Let gf(x) = k(x)
3
Maka / Then, k(x) = 4
f(x) – 2
k(x) = 4
3x – 7 – 2
k(x) = 4 , x ≠ 3
3x – 9

Katakan / Let k(x) = y (b) f 2(x) = 3(3x – 7) – 7

y= 4 f 2(x) = 9x – 28
3x – 9
4s 4s
3x – 9 = 4
f2 1 2
3
=9 1 2
3
– 28
y
20 = 12s – 28
x= 4 +3 s =4
3y
Maka / Then, k (x) = 4 + 3, x ≠ 0.
–1
Kertas 2
3x
1. (a) (i) f(4) = 4 – 5(4) = –16
(b) y
y = h(x) 1
(ii) g(p + 3) =
f(4)
8
1
3(p + 3) – 5 = (–16)

8
(0, 3)
3p + 9 – 5 = –2
x 3p = –6
0 (3, 0)
p = –2
2. (a) Katakan / Let g(x) = y
x −3=y (iii) gf(x) = g(4 – 5x)
4 = 3(4 – 5x) – 5
x = 4y + 12 = 12 – 15x – 5
g –1(x) = 4x + 12 = 7 – 15x
(b)
7
(b) fg(g –1) = g – 7
–1
x –1 0 2
2 15
f(x) = 4x + 12 – 7
4 y 22 7 0 23
f(x) = 2x – 1
y
(c) g –1(4) = 4(4) + 12

23
g –1(4) = 28 22
fg –1(4) = f(28)
= 2(28) – 1 7
= 55
x
–1 0 7 2
––
15
3. pq(x) = m[q(x)] + 3
= m(2x – 7) + 3 Julat/Range y : 0 < y < 23
= 2mx – 7m + 3
Membandingkan dengan pq(x) = 2mx + n, 2. (a) f(x) = 4 – x
Comparing with pq(x) = 2mx + n, Mengambil / Taking y = f(x),
n = –7m + 3 4 – x = y
m= 3–n 4 – y = x
7 f –1(x) = 4 – x
4. (a) Katakan / Let 3x – 7 = y Diberi / Given:
x= y+7 gf –1(x) = x2 – 6x + 8
3 g(4 – x) = x2 – 6x + 8
f (x) = x + 7
−1
3

Mengambil / Taking, 2. g(x) = px2 – qx

4 – x = u g(3) = p(3)2 – q(3)
x = 4 – u 9p – 3q = 12
g(u) = (4 – u)2 – 6(4 – u) + 8 3p – q = 4 ...........
= 16 – 4u – 4u + u2 – 24 + 6u + 8
g(4) = p(4)2 – q(4)
= u2 – 2u
g(x) = x2 – 2x
16p – 4q = 28
4p – q = 7 ...........b
Membanding dengan g(x) = ax2 + bx
Compairing with g(x)= ax2 + bx, Dari / From : q = 3p – 4 ...........c
a = 1, b = –2
Gantikan  ke dalam :
(b) y = |gf –1(x)| Substitute c into :
= |x2 – 6x + 8| 4p – (3p – 4) =7
= |(x – 2)(x – 4)| 4p – 3p + 4 = 7
Apabila/ When y = 0: x = 2, x = 4 p= 3
Apabila/ When x = 0: y = 8
Apabila/ When x = 7: y = |(7 – 2)(7 – 4)| = 15
Gantikan p = 3 ke dalam :
Substitute p = 3 into c:
f(x) q = 3(3) – 4
15
= 5
3. (i)
g(3) = 2 – (3)2 = –7
fg(3) = f(–7)
8 = 3(–7) + 2
= –19
(3, 1)
(ii) f(4) = 3(4) + 2 = 14
x
0 2 4 7 gf(4) = g(14)
= 2 – (14)2
Julat/Range : 0 < f(x) < 15
= –194
4. f [g(x)] = 5x + 8
Praktis Ekstra SPM 1 3g(x) – 6 = 5x + 8
3g(x) = 5x + 14
1. (i) f(x) =
12 g(x) = 5x + 14
x–2 3
12
f(–4) = –6 = –2
∴ g : x → 5x + 14
3
12 3 5. gf(x) = 8 – 3x2

f(10)= =
8 2 g(x + 2) = 8 – 3x2
3 Katakan / Let y = x + 2
(ii) f(x) = x=y–2
4
12 3 g(y) = 8 – 3(y – 2)2
= = 8 – 3(y2 – 4y + 4)
x–2 4
3(x – 2) = 48 = 8 – 3y2 + 12y – 12
x – 2 = 16 = –3y2 + 12y – 4
x = 18 g(x) = –3x2 + 12x – 4
g : x → –3x2 + 12x – 4

6. g(x) = 5x – 6 9. Biar / Lety = h–1(x)

3x 5
h(x) = y= –2
x–2 x
5
gh(x) = h(x) =y+2
x
3x
g 3x =   x= 5
x–2 x –2 y+2
3x
5 3x – 6 =
  Oleh sebab / Since h(y) = x,
x–2 x–2
15x 3x h(y) = 5
–6= y+2
x–2 x–2
15x – 6(x – 2) = 3x Gantikan y dengan x,
Substitute y with x,
15x – 6x + 12 = 3x
h(x) = 5
6x = –12
x+2
x = –2
∴h:x→ 5
7. g(x) = mx – n x+2
g(2) = m(2) – n
10. Katakan / Let f –1 (x) = y
= 2m – n
f(y) = x
fg(2) = 1 6 – 3y = x
5(2m – n) + 1 =1 6–x
y=
10m – 5n + 1 =1 3
10m = 5n 6–x
f (x) =
–1
1 3
m= n
2 1
f –1g(x) = f –1 1 2x – 1 2
8. (i) Katakan / Let f –1(x) =y 1
6–1
f(y) =x 2x – 1 2
2y – 5 =
=x 3
y+2 6(2x – 1) – 1
2y – 5 = x(y + 2) =
3(2x – 1)
2y – 5 = xy + 2x 12x – 7 1
2y – xy = 2x + 5 = , x≠
6x – 3 2
y(2 – x) = 2x + 5
2x + 5
y=
2–x Sudut KBAT
2x +5
f –1(x) = ,x≠2
2–x
m
(a) g(y) =
2(5) + 5 4y – 1
(ii) f –1(5) =
2–5 Daripada rajah / From the diagram,
15 g(1) = 2
=
–3 m
= –5 = –2
4(1) – 1
m = –6

(b) f(y) = 5y – 3 (c) Fungsi yang memetakan x kepada z ialah gf –1(x).

Katakan / Let f –1(y) = x The function that mapes x onto z is gf –1(x).
f(x) = y
x+3
5x – 3 = y
y+3
gf –1(x) = g
5 2
x = –6
5 =
y+3 x+3
f (y) =
–1
5
4 
5
–1 2
x + 3 –6
Jadi / So, f –1(x) = =
5 4x + 12 – 5
 5 2
30 7
gf –1(x) = – , x≠–
4x + 7 4
(d) fg(1) = f (–2)

= 5(–2) – 3
= –13

Jawapan
2. (a) a = –3, b = 16, c = –9
Bab Fungsi Kuadratik
x = –16 ± √(16) – 4(–3)(–9)
2
2 Quadratic Functions 2(–3)

= –16 + √148
1. (a) x 2 – 8x = –10 –6
1
8 2 8 2 –16 + √148 atau x = –16 – √148
x2 – 8x + 1– 2 = –10 + 1– 2
x =
–6 –6
2 2 or
(x – 4)2 = –10 + 16 = 0.6391 x = 4.6943
√(x – 4)2 = ±√6 (b) –2x2 + x + 5 = 0

x – 4 = √6 atau x – 4 = –√6 a = –2, b = 1, c = 5
= 6.449 or = 1.551
x = –1 ± √1 – 4(–2)(5)
2
2(–2)
(b) –3x2 + 6x = –4
= –1 ± √41
x2 – 2x = 4 –4
3
x2 – 2x + – 2 = 4 + – 2
2 2
= –1 + √41 atau / or –1 – √41

21 23 2 1 2 –4 –4
= –1.351 atau / or 1.851
(x – 1)2 = 7
3
(c) x2 – 2x – 4x + 8 = 1
√(x – 1)2 = ± 7 x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
3 a = 1, b = –6, x = 7
x = –(–6) ± √(–6) – 4(1)(7)
2
7 7
x –1 = x–1=–
3 3 2(1)
x = 2.528 x = –0.5275 = 6 ± √8
2
(c) –4x2 + 11x = 5 6 + √8 6 – √8
= atau / or
x2 – 11 x = –5 2 2
4 4 = –1.586 atau / or 4.414
x2 – 11 x + – 11 = – 5 + – 11
2 2

4 1 8 2 4 8 1 2 3. (a) a = 6, b = 14, c = –7
HTP/SOR = – b = – 14 = – 7
1x – 11 = 41
2
82
a 6 3
64
HDP/POR = c = – 7
1x – 11 41
2
82
=± a 6
64
41 41 (b) a = –4, b = 12, c = –3
x – 11 = x – 11 = –
8 64 8 64
HTP/SOR = – b = – 12 = 3
x = 2.175 x = 0.5746 a –4
HDP/POR = c = –3 = 3
a –4 4

(c) a = 9, b = –6, c = –11 Persamaan / Equation :
HTP/SOR = – b = – –6 = 2 x2 –  1 x + – 9  = 0
a 9 3 2 2
2x2 + x – 9 = 0
HDP/POR = =c –11
a 9
(ii) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots
= α2 + b2
4. (a) HTP/SOR = 4 + (–9) = –5 = (α + b)2 – 2αb
= – 3  – 2(–4)
2
HDP/POR = 4(–9) = –36
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation: 2
x2 − (−5)x + (−36) = 0 = 41
x2 + 5x − 36 = 0 4
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots
(b) HTP/SOR = –3 + 6 = – 9 = (α2)(b2)
5 5 = (αb)2
HDP/POR = (–3) 6  = – 18 = (–4)2
5 5 = 16
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation:
x2 − − 9 x + − 18  = 0 Persamaan / Equation :
5 5
x2 –  41 x + 16 = 0
5x2 + 9x − 18 = 0 4
4x2 – 41x + 64 = 0
(c) HTP/SOR = − 2  + − 5  = – 31
3 8 24
2 5 5 6. (a) HTP / SOR :
HDP/POR = − −  =
3 8 12 5 + q – 1 = – 2
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation: 1
q = –6
x2 − − 31 x + 5 = 0
24 12
HDP / POR :
24x + 31x + 10 = 0
2
5(q – 1) = p
1
5. (a) a = 2, b = 3, c = −8 5(−6 − 1) = p
p = –35
α + b = − b = − 3  = − 3
a 2 2
c 8 (b) HTP / SOR:
αb = = − = −4 1
a 2
–5 + 4
 p + 1
=– 2
(i) Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots 1
= (α + 1) + (b + 1) 2
= (α + b) + 2 –1 = –(p + 2)
=–3+2 p = –1
2
= 1 HDP / POR:
2 –2q
–5(4) = –
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots 1
= (α + 1)(b + 1) 2
p =5
= αb + α + b + 1
= (–4) + – 3  + 1
2
=– 9
2

(c) Katakan satu lagi punca = b Hasil darab punca:

Let the other root = b Product of roots:
α(2α) =
q
HTP / SOR: 4
2a2 = q
3 + b = − (–11) 4
3 q = 8a2
b = 2
3 q =8– p
 2 2
12
HDP / POR: p 2
q =
18
3 2  = k
3 3
k = 6 8. (a) Apabilax2 – 6x + 8 = 0
When (x – 2)(x – 4) = 0

x–2=0 atau/or x–4=0
7. (a) a = 1, b = –15, c = m ; Katakan punca-punca x = 2 x=4
ialah a dan 2a./ Let roots are a and 2a
HTP = – b
a 2 4
a + 2a = – –15 1 2
1
3a = 15 Maka/Thus, x < 2 atau x > 4
a =5
2a = 2(5) = 10 (b) Apabila 4x2 + 8x – 45 = 0
When (2x – 5)(2x + 9) = 0
HDP = c x = 5 atau/or x = – 9
a 2 2
a × 2a = m
1
m = 2a2 9 5
–– –
2 2
= 2(5)2
= 50 Maka/Thus, – 9 , x , 5
2 2
Punca-punca ialah 5 dan 10. Nilai m ialah 50. (c) −x2 + 7x −20 > 0 atau/or x2 − 7x + 20  0
Roots are 5 and 10. The value of m is 50.
(3x + 5)(−x + 4) . 0 (3x + 5)(x − 4)  0
(b) Katakan punca-punca persamaan Pintasan-x / x-intercepts = – 5 , 4
ialah α dan 2a 3
Let the roots of the equation be α and 2a
Hasil tambah punca:

Sum of roots: –5 4
3
α + 2α = −
p –5 4
3
4
3α = − p – 5 ,x,4
4 3
α =−
p
12

(d) x2 + 2x + 1  16 (b) a = 3, b = p, c = 12
x2 + 2x – 15  16 b2 – 4ac = 0
(x + 5)(x –3)  0 p – 4(3)(12) = 0
2
Pintasan-x / x-intercepts = –5, 3 p2 – 144 = 0

p2 = 144
p = ±12
–5 3 (c) a = 4, b = –4p, c = 8p + 9
b2 – 4ac = 0
(–4p) – 4(4)(8p + 9) = 0
2
16p2 – 128p – 144 = 0

x < –5 , x > 3
p2 – 8p – 9 = 0
(p + 1)(p – 9) = 0
9. (a) a = 2, b = –5, c = –4
p + 1 = 0 atau/or p – 9 = 0
b2 – 4ac = (–5)2 – 4(2)(–4)
p = –1 p=9
= 25 + 32
= 57 . 0
11. (a) b2 – 4ac . 0
Persamaan itu mempunyai dua punca 22 – 4(1)(p – 3) . 0
yang berbeza. 4 – 4p + 12 . 0
The equation has two different real roots. 16 – 4p . 0
4p , 16
(b) a = 3, b = 7, c = 8 p,4
b2 – 4ac = 72 – 4(3)(8)
= 49 – 96 (b) b2 – 4ac . 0
= –47 , 0 p2 – 4(2)(8) . 0
Persamaan itu tidak mempunyai punca. (p + 8)(p – 8) . 0
The equation has no roots. Jadi / So, –8 8
p , –8 atau / or p . 8
(c) a = 4, b = –28, c = 49
b2 – 4ac = (–28)2 – 4(4)(49) (c) x2 – px – 4p – 15 = 0
= 784 – 784 b2 – 4ac . 0
=0 (–p) – 4(1)(–4p – 15) . 0
2
Persamaan itu mempunyai dua punca p2 + 16p + 60 . 0

yang sama. (p – 6)(p – 10) . 0
The equation has two equal roots. Jadi / So, p , 6 atau / or p . 10
(d) a = 6, b = –9, c = 2
b2 – 4ac = (–9)2 – 4(6)(2)
= 81 – 48 6 10
= 33 . 0
Persamaan itu mempunyai dua punca
yang berbeza.
The equation has two different real roots. 12. (a) b2 – 4ac ,0
(–2) – 4(1)(p – 6)
2
,0
10. (a) a = 1, b = 2p, c = 3p + 4 4 – 4p + 24 ,0
b2 – 4ac = 0 28 – 4p ,0
(2p) – 4(1)(3p + 4) = 0
2 4p . 28
4p2 – 12p – 16 = 0 p .7
p2 – 3p – 4 = 0
(p + 1)(p – 4) = 0
p + 1 = 0 atau/or p–4=0
p = –1 p=4

(b) b2 – 4ac , 0 14. (a) Kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2

3 – 4(p)(p) , 0
2
Maka f(x) ialah fungsi kuadratik.
(3 + 2p)(3 – 2p) , 0 Highest power of x is 2.
Thus, f(x) is a quadratic function.
Jadi / So,
–3 3
– 3 ,p, 3 2 2 (b) Kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 3
2 2 Maka f(x) bukan fungsi kuadratik.
Highest power of x is 3.
(c) x2 + 3x + px + 15 − 2p = 0
Thus, f(x) is not a quadratic function.
x2 + (3 + p)x + 15 − 2p = 0
b2 − 4ac  0 (c) Kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2
(3 + p) − 4(1)(15 − 2p)  0
2
Maka f(x) ialah fungsi kuadratik.
p2 + 6p + 9 − 60 + 8p  0 Highest power of x is 2.
p2 + 14p − 51  0 Thus, f(x) is a quadratic function.
(p + 17)(p − 3)  0
15. (a) b2 – 4ac = (–6)2 – 4(–3)(–4)
Jadi / So,
= 36 – 48
–17 , p , 3
= –12 , 0
(tiada pintasan-x / no x-intercepts)
Bentuk graf bagi a = –3 (, 0):
Shape of graph for a = –3 ( 0):
–17 3 x
13. (a) a = h, b = –3k, c = 4h

Bagi punca yang sama / For equal roots: (b) b2 – 4ac = (–7)2 – 4(2)(5)
b2 − 4ac = 0 = 49 – 40
(−3k) − 4(ℎ)(4ℎ) = 0
2
= 9( 0)
9k2 − 16ℎ2 = 0 (dua pintasan-x / two x-intercepts)
9k2 = 16ℎ2 Bentuk graf bagi a = 2 ( 0):
k2 = 16 Shape of graph for a = 2 (. 0):
h2 9
k = 4 atau / or k : h = 4 : 3
h 3
x
(b) x2 − 6x + 2 − p =0
a = 1, b = –6, c = 2 – p
b2 − 4ac  0 (c) b2 – 4ac = (–10)2 – 4(1)(25)
(−6) − 4(1)(2 − p)  0
2 = 100 – 100
36 − 8 + 4p  0 =0
4p  − 28 (satu pintasan-x / one x-intercepts)
p  −7 Bentuk graf bagi a = 1 ( 0):
Shape of graph for a = 1 (. 0):
(c) −4x2 − 2x + 3 − k = 0
a = −4 , b = −2 , c = 3 − k
b2 − 4ac  0
(−2) − 4(− 4)(3 − k)  0
2
4 + 48 − 16k  0
−16k  − 52 x
k  13
4

16. (a) Dengan / With a = 2p + 5, b = –6, c = 9, (c) f(x) = –2(x2 + 6x) + 9

b2 − 4ac , 0
= –2x2 + 6x +  6  −  6   + 9
2 2
(−6) − 4(2p + 5)(9) , 0

2
2 2
36 − 72p − 180 , 0 = –2[(x + 3)2 − 9] + 9
− 72p , 144 = –2(x + 3)2 + 18 + 9
p  −2 = –2(x + 3)2 + 27
(b) Dengan / With a = m, b = –6, c = 9, (i) (x + 3) = 0
b2 − 4ac = 0 x = –3
(−6)2 − 4(m)(9) = 0 (ii) a  0
36 − 36m = 0 f(x) mempunyai nilai maksimum 27.
−36m = −36 f(x) has a maximum value of 27.
m =1 (iii) Titik maksimum / Maximum point
= (–3, 27)
(c) Dengan / With a = 2k – 3, b = –4, c =–8,
b2 − 4ac  0 (e) f(x) = –3(x2 + 7x) – 5
(−4) − 4(2k − 3)(−8)  0
2
= –3x2 + 7x +  7  −  7   – 5
2 2
16 + 64k − 96 > 0 2 2
64k  80
= –3x + 7  − 49  – 5
2
k  5 2 4
4
= –3x +  + 7 2
147 –5
17. (a) f(x) = (x2 – 4x) − 3 2 4
= –3x + 7  + 127
2
= x2 – 4x +  –4  −  –4   – 3
2 2
2 2 2 4
= [(x – 2)2 − 4] − 3 (i) x + 7  = 0
= (x – 2)2 − 4 −3 2
= (x – 2)2 − 7 x = – 7
2
(i) (x – 2) = 0
x = 2 (ii) a < 0
f(x) mempunyai nilai maksimum 127 .
(ii) a  0 4
127
f(x) mempunyai nilai minimum –7. f(x) has a maximum value of
4
.
f(x) has a minimum value of –7.
(iii) Titik maksimum / Maximum point
(iii) Titik minimum / Minimum point = (2, –7)
= – 7 , 127 
(b) f(x) = –(x2 + 5x) – 11 2 4
= –x2 – 5x +  –5  −  –5   – 11
2 2
2 2 18. (a) (i) x = –2 + 10 = 4

= –x –  − 5 2
25 2
4 
– 11
2 Titik minimum / Minimum point = (4, –8)
= –x – 5  + 25 – 11
2
(ii) f(x) = a(x – 4)2 – 8
2 4
5 2
19 Pada / At (6, 0):
= –x –  – 0 = a(6 − 4)2 − 8
2 4
(i) x = 5 8 = 4a
2 a = 2
(ii) a  0 f(x) = 2(x − 4)2 − 8
f(x) mempunyai nilai maksimum – 19 .
19 4
f(x) has a maximum value of – .
4
(iii) Titik maksimum / Maximum point
=  5 , – 19 
2 4

(b) (i) Di titik minimum / At the minimum point,  Paksi-x di sebelah bawah titik minimum.
x=4 x-axis is below the minimum point.
Maka / Therefore, p = –4  Paksi-y di sebelah kiri titik minimum;
q = nilai minimum / minimum value pintasan-y = 4
= –2 y-intercept on the left of minimum point;
y-intercept = 4.
(ii) f(x) = a(x – 4)2 – 2
Pada / At (0, 6): 5
f(x)
6 = a(0 − 4)2 − 2 5 2+–
7
1 f(x) = 2x – –
8 = 16a 4 8
a = 1 4
2
2
19. (a)  f(x) = –(x2 – 6x) – 5

5 –7
= – x2 – 6x + –6 – –6
2 2
–,
4 8
3 2 2 1 2 1 24–5 0
3
x 4
= –[(x – 3)2 – 9] – 5
= –(x – 3)2 + 9 – 5 (c)  f(x) = –2(x2 – 3x) + 8
= –(x – 3)2 + 4
= –2 x2 – 3x + –3 – –3
2 2
3 2 21 2 1 24+8
 Bentuk graf / Shape of graph:
3 9
31 2 4
2
 Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (3, 4) = –2 x – – +8
 Paksi-x di sebelah bawah (3, 4). 2 4
= –2 x – 3 + 9 + 8
1 2
2
x-axis is below (3, 4).
 Paksi-y di sebelah kiri (3, 4), dan pintasan-y 2 2
3 25
= –5.
1 2
2
= –2 x – +
y-axis on the left of (3, 4), and y-intercept = –5. 2 2
5
f(x)  Bentuk graf / Shape of graph:
3
(3, 4)  Titik maksimum / Maximum point = 3 , 25 1 2
2 2
 Paksi-x di sebelah bawah titik maksimum.
x 4 x-axis is below the maximum point.
0 1 5
 Paksi-y di sebelah kiri titik maksimum;
2
pintasan-y = 8
–5
y-intercept on the left of maximum point;
y-intercept = 8
1 f(x) = –(x – 3)2 + 4
f(x) 3
(b)  f(x) = 2 1 x – 5x + 4
2
2 32 , 25
2
2 5
x2 – 5 x + –5 – –5
2 2
=2 3 2 4 4 1 2 1 24+4 8
2
5 25
31 2 4
2
=2 x– – +4
4 16
x 4
0
1 x – 5 – 25 + 4
2
2
=2 3
1 f(x) = –2x – +
2
25
4 8 2 2
5 7
1 2
2
=2 x– +
4 8
 Bentuk graf / Shape of graph:
 Titik minimum / Minimum point = 5 , 7 1 2
4 8

Praktis SPM 2 4. 2 + 3x – x2 = p
a = 1, b = –3, c = p – 2
Kertas 1
Bagi dua punca nyata yang berbeza:
For two real and different roots:
1. 5x(x – 3) = 7 – 2x
5x2 – 15x = 7 – 2x b2 − 4ac  0
5x2 – 13x – 7 = 0 (−3)2 − 4(1)(p − 2)  0
Menggunakan rumus kuadratik, 9 − 4p + 8  0
Using the quadratic formula, −4p  −17
p  17
x = –(–13) ± √(–13) – 4(5)(–7)
2
4
2(5)
= 13 ± √309 5. f(x) = 3x + qx + 12
10 a = 3, b = q, c = 12
= 13 + √309 atau / or 13 – √309 Jika fungsi f(x) sentiasa positif,
10 10 If the function f(x) is always positive,
= 3.06 atau / or –0.46
b2 − 4ac 0
q − 4(3)(12)
2
0
2. 5 – 2x  20 – x2
q2 − 122 0
x2 – 2x – 15  0
(q + 12)(q − 12) 0
(x + 3)(x – 5)  0
–12 12
–3 5
Maka / Therefore, −12  q  12
Maka / Therefore, −3  x  5
6. y = (k – 3)x2 – 6x + 1 …… 1
3. x2 − 15x − k = 0 y = 2x + 5 …… 2
a = 1, b = –15, c = –k Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2,
Replace 1 into 2,
Katakan punca persamaan ialah 2a dan a.
Let the roots of the equation be 2a and a.
2x + 5 = (k – 3)x2 – 6x + 1
(k – 3)x2 – 6x – 2x – 5 + 1 = 0
Maka / Therefore, 2a + a = – b (k – 3)x2 – 8x – 4 = 0
a b2 – 4ac . 0
3a + a = – (–15) (–8) – 4(k – 3)(–4) . 0
2
1 64 + 16k – 48 . 0
3a = 15
16k . –16
a =5
k . –1
(2a)(a) = c
Juga / Also, 7. y = –(x – k)2 + 25
a
–k (a) k = −2 + 8 = 3
2a = 2
2
1
(b) Titik maksimum / Maximum point
2(5)2 = –k
= (3, 25)
k = –50
(c) c = −(0 − 3)2 + 25
=16

8. (a) Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry: (b) Paksi simetri / Axis of symmetry:
x = 100 x – 2k = 0
x = 2k
(b) f(x) = a(x − 100)2 + 110
Jadi / So,
Pada / At (0, 210):
2k = k2−1
210 = a(0 −100)2 + 110
2k = (k−1)2 − 1
100 = 10000a
2k = k2 − 2k + 1 − 1
a = 1 k2 − 4k = 0
100
k(k − 4) = 0
Fungsi kuadratik / Quadratic function:
k = 0 atau / or k = 4
f(x) = 1 (x – 100)2 + 110 r = –1 atau / or k = 3
100
(c) 1 (x – 100)2 + 110 = 0
100 y
(x − 100)2 + 11000 = 0 (1, 5)
x − 200x + 10000 + 11000 = 0

2
4
x2 − 200x + 21000 = 0
Dengan a = 1, b = –200, c = 21 000, x
0
b2− 4ac = (−200)2 − 4(1)(21000)
= −44000  0
Terbukti f(x) = 0 tidak mempunyai punca
nyata.
Praktis Ekstra SPM 2
It is proven that f(x) = 0 has no real roots.
1. –3x2 – 18x = –7
7
x2 + 6x =
Kertas 2 3
1. (a) y = k + 2x – x2 7
x2 + 6x + (3)2
= + (3)2
f(x) = −(x2 − 2x) + k 3
34
(x + 3)2 =
= −[x2 − 2x + –2 − –2 ] + k
2 2

2 1 2 1 2
2
3
= −[(x − 1)2 − 1] + k (x + 3)2 = ± 34

=−(x − 1)2 + 1 + k 3
Nilai maksimum / Maximum value = 5 x + 3 = 34
x + 3 = – 34
1+k=5 3 3
k=4 x = 0.3665 x = –6.3665
(b) Bentuk graf / Shape of graph: 2. x2 = 4(2x + 3)

Titik maksimum / Maximum point = (1, 5) x2 = 8x + 12
Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 4 x – 8x – 12 = 0
2
2. (a) f(x) = (x2 − 4kx) + 5k2 + 1 –(–8) ± 

(–8)2 – 4(1)(–12)
x =
2(1)
= x2 − 4kx + –4k – –4k
2 2
 2 1 22 1 24
+ 5k2 + 1
= 8 ± 
112
= [(x − 2k)2 – 4k2] + 5k2 + 1 2
x = 8 + 
112 atau / or x = 8 – 
= (x − 2k)2 + k2 + 1 112
Nilai minimum / Minimum value: 2 2
r2 + 2k = k2 + 1 = 9.29 = –1.29
r2 = k2 − 2k + 1 (tidak diterima)
r2 = (k − 1)2 ∴ x = 9.29 (rejected)
r = k − 1

3. a + b = – (–6) = 2, ab = –8 6. a = 1, b = 2p, c = 3p + 4
3 3
b2 – 4ac = 0
Hasil tambah punca / Sum of roots: (2p) – 4(1)(3p + 4)
2
=0
(a + 5) + (b + 5) = (a + b) + 10 4p2 – 12p – 16 = 0
= 2 + 10 p2 – 3p – 4 = 0
= 12 (p + 1)(p – 4) = 0
Hasil darab punca / Product of roots:
(a + 5)(b + 5) = ab + 5(a + b) + 25 p + 1= 0
atau / or p–4=0
8 p = –1 p=4
= – + 5(2) + 25
3
= 97 7. (i) Dalam bentuk f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
3 In the form f(x) = a(x – h)2 + k
h = –2, k = –9
Persamaan kuadratik / Quadratic equation
x2 – (12)x + 1 97 2 = 0 ∴ f(x) = a(x + 2)2 – 9
3 = a(x2 + 4x + 4) – 9
3x2 – 36x + 97 = 0 = ax2 + 4ax + 4a – 9
Bandingkan / Comparing:
4. –3x2 + 17x – 10 . 0 ax2 + bx + c = ax2 + 4ax + 4a – 9
(3x – 2)(–x + 5) . 0
∴ b = 4a dan / and c = 4a – 9
Apabila / When (3x – 2)(–x + 5) = 0,
f(–1) = a(–1)2 + 4a(–1) + 4a – 9
x = 2 atau / or x = 5 –7 = a – 4a + 4a – 9
3
–7 = a – 9
2 5
x a=2
3
b = 4(2)
= 8
Untuk (3x – 2)(–x + 5) . 0, julai nilai x ialah c = 4(2) – 9
2  x 5.
3 = –1
For (3x – 2)(–x + 5)  0, the range of the values of x is (ii) x = –2
2
, x , 5.
3
8. a = –1 , 0
5. (4x)(3x) – 3x 2
> (x + 32)
2 b2 – 4ac = (6)2 – 4(–1)(–5)
12x2 – 3x2 > x2 + 32 = 16 . 0
8x2 – 32 >0 Maka, graf f(x) berbentuk dengan titik
8(x2 – 4) >0 maksimum dan menyilang paksi-x pada dua
8(x – 2)(x + 2) >0 titik yang berbeza.
Thus, graph f(x) has shape with maximum point and
Apabila / When 8(x – 2)(x + 2) = 0, x = 2 atau /
intersect the x-axis at two distinct points.
or x = –2
f(x) = –x2 + 6x – 5
= – x2 – 6x + –6 – –6 – 5
3 1 2 1 24
2 2

x 2 2
–2 2 = –(x – 3)2 + 9 – 5
= –(x – 3)2 + 4
Untuk / For 8(x – 2)(x + 2) > 0, x < –2 Titik maksimum ialah / Maximum point is (3, 4).
(diabaikan) atau / (ignore) or x > 2.
Maka / Hence, x > 2 Apabila f(x) = 0,

–x2 + 6x – 5 = 0 (b) f(x) =0

x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 –12 – 4(x – 2)2 =0
(x – 1)(x – 5) =0 –12 – 4(x2 – 4x + 4) =0
x = 1 atau x = 5 –12 – 4x2 + 16x – 16 =0
Apabila x = 0 –4x2 + 16x – 28 =0
f(0) = –(0)2 + 6(0) – 5 –x2 + 4x – 7 =0
= –5 a = –1, b = 4, c = –7
f(x) b2 – 4ac = 42 – 4(–1)(–7)
= 16 – 28
(3, 4)
= –12

b2 – 4ac , 0
x
0 1 5
Tidak ada punca nyata / No real roots
–5
Sudut KBAT
Persamaan paksi simetri ialah x = 3.
Equation of axis of symmetry is x = 3. 1. Katakan luas segi empat tepat/Let the the area of
rectangle = f(x)
9. f(x) = –x2 – 2kx + 4k – 5 f(x) = 5x(4 – x)
= –5x2 + 20x
f(x) , 0, fungsi tidak mempunyai punca = –5(x2 – 4x)
nyata = –53x2 – 4x + 1– 4 2 – 1– 4 2 4
2 2
f(x) , 0, the function does not have real roots. 2 2

= –5(x – 2)2 + 20
b2 – 4ac , 0
(–2k) – 4(–1)(4k – 5) , 0
2 a = –5 , 0, maka, f(x) mempunyai nilai maksimum
a = –5 , 0, hence, f(x) has maximum value
4k2 + 16k – 20 , 0
x–2=0
k2 + 4k – 5 , 0 \ x=2
(k + 5)(k – 1) , 0 Perimeter = 2(5x) + 2(4 – x)
Apabila / When (k + 5)(k – 1) = 0, = 2(5 × 2) + 2(4 – 2)
k = –5, k = 1 = 24 cm
Luas maksimum = 5(2)(4 – 2)
Maximum area = 20 cm2
k
–5 1 2. (a) f(x) = 2x2 – 7x + m
a = 2, b = –7, c = m
Untuk / For (k + 5)(k – 1) , 0, –5 , k , 1. b2 – 4ac , 0
Maka / Hence, m = –5, n = 1 (–7) – 4(2)(m) , 0
2
49 – 8m . 0
10. (a) f(x) = 12h – 4(x – 2)2 8m . 49
h – 11 = 12h m . 49
11h = –11 8
h = –1 (b) g(x) = – 4x2 + 3x – 8
a = –4, a , 0, graf maksimum/
maximum graph
b2 – 4ac
= 32 – 4(–4)(–8)

= 9 – 128
= –119 < 0, tidak mempunyai punca.
does not have roots
g(x) adalah sentiasa negatif.
g(x) is always negative.
x
O

Jawapan
Dari / From :
Bab Sistem Persamaan 4x + 3y – 2(5 − 2x − 2y) = 2
3 Systems of Equations 4x + 3y – 10 + 4x + 4y = 2
8x + 7y = 12 …… 
1. (a) Ya. Semua tiga persamaan mempunyai tiga Dari / From : x = −5y − 15 …… 
pemboleh ubah a, b, dan c dengan kuasa 1.
Yes. All three equations have variables a, b, and c,
of power 1.
Dari / From :
8(−5y − 15) + 7y = 12 1
−40y − 120 + 7y = 12
(b) Ya. Semua tiga persamaan mempunyai tiga 33y = −132
pemboleh ubah m, n dan p dengan kuasa 1. y = −4
Yes. All three equations have variables m, n and p,
of power 1. Dari / From : x = –5(–4) – 15 = 5
Dari / From 4: z = 5 – 2(5) – 2(–4)= 3
(c) Bukan. Terdapat persamaan yang Maka / Therefore, x = 5, y = –4, z = 3
mempunyai hasil darab dua pemboleh ubah.
No. There is an equation which has the product of (b) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION
two variables.
x + 4y – z = 20 …… 1
2. (a) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION 3x + 2y + z = 8 …… 2
2x – 3y + 2z = –16 …… 3
2 × 2: 4x + 4y + 2z = 10 …… 4
1: x + 4y – z = 20
4 – 1: x + 5y = −15 …… 5
2: 3x + 2y + z = 8
4 + 3: 8x + 7y = 12 …… 
Tambah/Add: 4x + 6y = 28 …… 4
5 × 8: 8x + 40y = –120 …… 
 – : 33y = –132 2 × 2: 6x + 4y + 2z = 16
y = –4 3: 2x – 3y + 2z = –16
Tolak/Subtract: 4x + 7y = 32 …… 5
Gantikan y = –4 ke dalam 5:
Substitute y = –4 into : 4: 4x + 6y = 28
x + 5(−4) = −15 5: 4x + 7y = 32
x =5 Tolak/Subtract: –y = –4
Gantikan x = 5 dan y = –4 ke dalam 2: y =4
Substitute x = 5 and y = –4 into : Ganti/Replace y = 4 ke dalam/into 4:
2(5) + 2(−4) + z = 5 4x + 6(4) = 28
z =3 4x = 4
x=1
Maka / Therefore, x = 5, y = –4, z = 3 Ganti/Replace x = 1, y = 4 ke dalam/into 1:
KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION 1 + 4(4) – z = 20
–z = 3
Dari / From : z = 5 – 2x – 2y …… 4 z = –3
Dari / From : Maka/Thus, x = 1, y = 4, z = –3
3x − y + 2(5 − 2x − 2y) = 25
3x − y + 10 − 4x − 4y = 25
−x −5y = 15 …… 

KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION

Dari / From 1: 5x – 2y – 3 = 4z
Dari / From 1:
z = x + 4y – 20 ……  z = 5x – 2y – 3 … 
Dari / From 2: 4
Dari / From 2:
3x + 2y + (x + 4y – 20) = 8 3x + 3y + 25x – 2y – 3 = –3
4x + 6y = 28 4
2x + 3y = 14 ……  3x + 3y + 5x – 2y – 3 = –3
2
Dari / From 3: 6x + 6y + 5x – 2y – 3 = –6
2x – 3y + 2(x + 4y – 20) = –16 11x + 4y = –3 … 
2x – 3y + 2x + 8y – 40 = –16 Dari / From 3:
4x + 5y = 24 …… 
–2x + 5y + 35x – 2y – 3 = 3
2
Dari / From 5: x = 14 – 3y ……  –8x + 20y + 15x – 6y – 9 = 12
2 7x + 14y = 21 … 
Dari / From : Dari / From 5: y = –3 – 11x …… 
4
4  14 – 3y  + 5y = 24 Dari / From :
2
28 – 6y + 5y = 24 7x + 14 –3 – 11x  = 21
28 – 24 – y =0 4
28x – 42 – 154x = 84
y = 4 –126x = 126
14 – 3(4) x = –1
Dari / From : x = =1
2
Dari / From 4: z = 1 + 4(4) – 20 = –3 Dari / From : y = –3 – 11(–1) = 2
4
Dari / From 4: z = 5(–1) – 2(2) – 3 = –3
Maka / Therefore, x = 1, y = 4, z = –3 4
Maka / Therefore, x = –1, y = 2, z = –3
(c) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION
5x – 2y – 4z = 3 …… 1 (d) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION
3x + 3y + 2z = –3 …… 2 2x + y – 2z= –1 …… 1
–2x + 5y + 3z = 3 …… 3 3x – 3y – z= 5 …… 2
2 × 2: 6x + 6y + 4z = –6 x – 2y + 3z= 6 …… 3
1: 5x – 2y – 4z = 3 2 × 2 : 6x – 6y – 2z = 10
Tambah/Add: 11x + 4y = –3 …… 4 1 : 2x + y – 2z= –1
2 × 3: 9x + 9y + 6z = –9 Tolak/Subtract : 4x – 7y= 11 …… 4
3 × 2: –4x + 10y + 6z = 6 2 × 3 : 9x – 9y – 3z = 15
Tolak/Subtract: 13x – y = –15 …… 5 3 : x – 2y + 3z= 6
5 × 4: 52x – 4y = –60 Tambah/Add : 10x – 11y = 21 …… 5
4: 11x + 4y = –3 4 × 10: 40x – 70y = 110
Tambah/Add: 63x = –63 5 × 4: 40x – 44y = 84
x = –1 Tolak/Subtract : –26y = 26
y = –1
Ganti/Replace x = –1 ke dalam/into 5: Ganti/Replace y = –1 ke dalam/into 4:
13(–1) – y = –15 4x – 7(–1)= 11
y=2 x =1
Ganti/Replace x = –1, y = 2 ke dalam/into 2: Ganti/Replace x = 1, y = –1 ke dalam/into 2:
3(–1) + 3(2) + 2z = –3 3(1) – 3(–1) – z = 5
2z = –6 z =1
z = –3 Maka/Thus, x = 1, y = –1, z = 1
Maka/Thus, x = –1, y = 2, z = –3

KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION
Dari / From 1:y = 2z – 2x – 1 ……  Dari / From : x = y – 3z + 8 …… 4

Dari / From 2: Dari / From :
3x – 3(2z – 2x – 1) – z = 5 3(y – 3z + 8) + y – 2z = –2
3x – 6z + 6x + 3 – z = 5 3y – 9z + 24 + y – 2z = –2
9x – 7z = 2 ……  4y – 11z = –26 …… 
Dari / From 3:
Dari / From :
x – 2(2z – 2x – 1) + 3z = 6
2(y – 3z + 8) + 4y + z = 0
x – 4z + 4x + 2 + 3z = 6
2y – 6z + 16 + 4y + z = 0
5x – z = 4 …… 
6y – 5z = –16 …… 
Dari / From : z = 5x – 4 …… 
Dari / From : y = 5z – 16 …… 
6
Dari / From 5: 9x – 7(5x – 4) =2 Dari / From :
9x – 35x + 28 =2
–26x = –26 4 5z – 16  – 11z = –26
6
x =1 10z – 32 – 33z = –78
–23z = –46
Dari / From : z = 5(1) – 4 = 1 z = 2
Dari / From 4:y = 2(1) – 2(1) – 1 = –1 Dari / From : y = 5(2) – 16 = –1
6
Maka / Therefore, x = 1, y = –1, z = 1
Dari / From 4: x = (–1) – 3(2) + 8 = 1
(e) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION Maka / Therefore, x = 1, y = –1, z = 2
x – y + 3z= 8 …… 1 (f) KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / BY ELIMINATION

3x + y – 2z= –2 …… 2
x + 3y + 5z= 20 …… 1
2x + 4y + z= 0 …… 3
y – 4z= –16 …… 2
1 : x – y + 3z= 8 3x – 2y + 9z = 36 …… 3
2 : 3x + y – 2z= –2
1 × 3 : 3x + 9y + 15z = 60
Tambah/Add : 4x + z= 6 …… 4
3 : 3x – 2y + 9z = 36
2 × 4 : 12x + 4y – 8z = –8 Tolak/Subtract : 11y + 6z= 24 …… 4
3 : 2x + 4y + z= 0
2 × 11: 11y – 44z = –176
Tolak/Subtract : 10x – 9z= –8 …… 5
4 : 11y + 6z= 24
4 × 9: 36x + 9z= 54 Tolak/Subtract : –50z= –200
5 : 10x – 9z= –8 z =4
Tambah/Add: 46x = 46
Ganti/Replace z = 4 ke dalam/into 2:
x =1
y – 4(4)= –16
Ganti/Replace x = 1 ke dalam/into 4: y =0
4(1) + z= 6 Ganti/Replace y = 0, z = 4 ke dalam/into 1:
z =2 x + 3(0) + 5(4) = 20
Ganti/Replace x = 1, z = 2 ke dalam/into 1: x =0
1 – y + 3(2)= 8
Maka/Thus, x = 0, y = 0, z = 4
y = –1
Maka/Thus, x = 1, y = –1, z = 2

KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / BY SUBSTITUTION 4. (a) Kaedah Penggantian / Substitution Method

Dari / From 1: y = 4x – 6 …… 3
Dari / From : y = 4z – 16 …… 4 Menggantikan  ke dalam :
Dari / From : Substituting  into :
x + 3(4z – 16) + 5z = 20 x2 + 3x(4x − 6) = 5
x + 12z – 48 + 5z = 20 x2 + 12x2 − 18x = 5
x + 17z = 68 ……  13x2 − 18x − 5= 0
Dari / From : −(−18) ± √ (−18)2 − 4(13)(−5)
x =
3x – 2(4z – 16) + 9z = 36 2(13)
3x – 8z + 32 + 9z = 36 18 + √ 584 18 − √
584
= atau/or
3x + z = 4 ……  26 26
= 1.622 atau / or –0.237
Dari / From : z = 4 – 3x …… 
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 1:
Dari / From : Substitute the values of x into :
x + 17(4 – 3x) = 68 y = 4(1.622) – 6 atau/or y = 4(–0.237) – 6
x + 68 – 51x = 68 = 0.488 = –6.948
–50x =0
x =0 Jadi / So, x = 1.622, y = 0.488
atau / or x = −0.237, y = −6.948
Dari / From : z = 4 – 3(0) = 4
Dari / From 4: y = 4(4) – 16 = 0 Kaedah Penghapusan / Elimination Method
1 × 3x: 12x2 − 3xy = 18x ……..3
Maka / Therefore, x = 0, y = 0, z = 4  + : 13x2 = 5 + 18x
13x − 18x − 5 = 0
2
3. Katakan / Let say

x = bilangan botol A / number of bottles of A −(−18) ± √(−18)2 − 4(13)(−5)
y = bilangan botol B / number of bottles of B x =
2(13)
z = bilangan botol C / number of bottles of C 18 + √
584 18 − √
584
= atau/or
x + y + z = 300 …… 1 26 26
200x + 150y + 180z = 53 600 …… 2 = 1.622 atau / or –0.237
100x + 100y + 40z = 22 800 …… 3 Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke da lam 1:
Substitute the values of x into :
Dari / From 1 : z = 300 – y – x …… 4
y = 4(1.622) – 6 atau/or y = 4(–0.237) – 6
Dari / From  :
= 0.488 = –6.948
200x + 150y + 180(300 −y − x) = 53 600
200x + 150y + 54 000 – 180y – 180x = 53 600 Jadi / So, x = 1.622, y = 0.488
20x – 30y = –400 … 5 atau / or x = −0.237, y = −6.948
Dari / From  : (b) x – 2y + 1= 0 …… 1

100x + 100y + 40(300 −y − x) = 22 800 x2 – xy – 3= 0 …… 2
100x + 100y + 12 000 – 40y – 40x = 22 800 Daripada/From 1: x = 2y – 1 …… 3
60x – 60y = 10 800 Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
x + y = 180 ……  (2y – 1)2 – (2y – 1)y – 3 = 0
Dari / From  : y = 180 – x ……  4y2 – 4y + 1 – 2y2 + y – 3 = 0
Dari / From  : 2x – 3(180 – x) = –40 2y2 – 3y – 2 = 0
2x – 540 + 3x = –40 (2y + 1)(y – 2) = 0
5x = 500
x = 100 2y + 1 = 0 atau/or y – 2 = 0
Dari / From 7 : y = 180 – 100 = 80
y = – 1 y =2
Dari / From  : z = 300 – 80 – 100 = 120 2
Maka, 100 botol ubat A, 80 botol ubat B dan 120
botol ubat C dibuat. / So, 100 bottles of A, 80 bottles
of B and 120 bottles of C were made.

Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3: (b) 4x – y – 5= 0 …… 1

Replace the values of y into 3: 2x2 – 3y2 + 19= 0 …… 2
Apabila/When y = – 1 Daripada/From 1: y = 4x – 5 …… 3
2 Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
2x2 – 3(4x – 5)2 + 19 = 0
x = 2 – 1 – 1 = –2
1 2
2 2x – 3(16x2 – 40x + 25) + 19 = 0
2
2x2 – 48x2 + 120x – 75 + 19 = 0

Apabila/When y = 2
–46x2 + 120x – 56 = 0
x = 2(2) – 1 = 3
23x2 – 60x + 28 = 0
Maka/Thus, x = –2, y = – 1 dan/and x = 3, y = 2 (23x – 14)(x – 2) = 0
2
 × 1 x: 1 x2 − xy + 1 x = 0……. 23x – 14 = 0 atau/or x – 2 = 2
2 2 2 x = 14 x=2
23
 − : 1 x2 − 3− 1 x =0
2 2 Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 3:
x2 − x − 6 = 0 Replace the values of x into 3:
(x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
x = −2 atau / or 3 Apabila/When x = 14
23
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam : y = 4 14 – 5
1 2
Substitute the values of x into : 23
−2 − 2y + 1 = 0 atau / or 3−2y + 1 = 0 = – 59
23
y=− 1 y=2
2 Apabila/When x = 2
y = 4(2) – 5
Jadi / So, x = −2, y = − 1
2 = 3
atau / or x = 3, y = 2
Maka/Thus, x = 14 , y = – 59 dan/and x = 2, y = 3
23 23
5. (a) 3 + 2y – x = 0 …… 1 (c) 3x + 2y = 10 …… 1
3x2 + 4y2 = 5 – 3xy …… 2 3y + 2x = 5xy …… 2
Daripada/From 1: x = 3 + 2y …… 3 Daripada/From 1: y = 10 – 3x …… 3
Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2: 2
3(3 + 2y)2 + 4y2 = 5 – 3(3 + 2y)y Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
3(9 + 12y + 4y2) + 4y2= 5 – 9y – 6y2
27 + 36y + 12y2 + 4y2 – 5 + 9y + 6y2 = 0 3 10 – 3x + 2x = 5x 10 – 3x
1 2 1 2
2 2
22y2 + 45y + 22 = 0 30 – 9x + 4x = 50x – 15x2
15x2 – 55x + 30 = 0
y = –45 ± √(45) – 4(22)(22)
2
3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0
2(22)
(3x – 2)(x – 3) = 0
y = –45 + √89 atau/or y = –45 – √89 x = 2 atau/or x = 3
44 44
y = –0.8083 y = –1.2371 Gantikan3 nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3:
Replace the values of y into 3:
Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3:
Replace the values of y into 3: Apabila/When x = 2
3
Apabila/When y = –0.8083
10 – 3 2 1 2
x = 3 + 2(–0.8083) y= 3 =4
= 1.383 2
Apabila/When y = –1.2371 Apabila/When x = 3
x = 3 + 2(–1.2371)
= 0.5258 y = 10 – 3(3) = 1
2 2
Maka/Thus, x = 1.383, y = –0.8083
dan/and x = 0.5258, y = –1.2371 Maka/Thus, x = , y = 4 dan/and x = 3, y = 1
2
3 2

(d) x + 3y= 1 …… 1 y
4y2 + 3x2= –13xy …… 2
8
Daripada/From 1: x = 1 – 3y …… 3 7
Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2: 6
4y2 + 3(1 – 3y)2 = –13(1 – 3y)y 5
4y + 3(1 – 6y + 9y2) = –13y + 39y2

2 4
4y2 + 3 – 18y + 27y2 + 13y – 39y2 = 0 3 (2, 3)
–8y2 – 5y + 3 = 0 2
8y2 + 5y – 3 = 0 1
(8y – 3)(y + 1) = 0 x
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
8y – 3 = 0 atau/or y+1 =0
y= 3
–2
y = –1
8 –3 (5, –3)
–4
–5
Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3: –6
Replace the values of y into 3: –7
Apabila/When y = 3
8 Penyelesaian / Solutions: (2,3),(5,−3)
x =1–3 3 1 2
8 (b) x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 7
= – 1
8 y=2–x 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –7
Apabila/When y = –1 y = ±√
9– x2 0 ±2.24 ±2.83 ±3 ±2.83 ±2.24 0 –5.57
x = 1 – 3(–1)
= 4
Maka/Thus, x = – 1 , y = 3 dan/and x = 4, y = –1 3
8 8 (–0.871, 2.871)
2
6. (a) x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y = 7 – 2x 7 5 3 1 –1 –3 –5 –7 1
y=
10 – x2 – 9 3 0.33 –1.5 –3 –4.33 –5.57
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
–1 (2.871, –0.871)
–2
–3
Penyelesaian / Solutions:
(−0.8,2.85),(2.8,−0.80)

7. (a) Jumlah panjang sisi / Total length of the edges: (c) Apabila zarah A bertemu dengan zarah B,
8x + 4y = 88 jarak s kedua-dua zarah dari titik O adalah
y= 22 − 2x ………….1 sama.
When particle A meets particle B, the distance s of
Jumlah luas permukaan / Total surface area: both particles from point O are the same.
2x2 + 4xy = 312
x2 + 2xy = 156…………. 10t − t2 = 2t + 12
Gantikan 1 ke dalam : t − 8t + 12 = 0
2
Substitute  into : (t − 2)(t − 6) = 0

x2 + 2x(22 − 2x) = 156 t=2 atau / or t=6
x2 + 44x − 4x2 = 156
3x2 − 44x + 156 =0 Maka / Therefore,
(x − 6)(3x − 26) =0 t = 2(2) + 12 atau / or t = 2(6) + 12
= 16 = 24
x=6 atau / or x = 26
3
Maka zarah A bertemu dengan zarah B pada
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam : jarak 16 cm dan 24 cm dari titik O masing-
Substitute the values of x into : masing pada masa 2 s dan 6 s.
y = 22 – 2(6) atau / or y = 22 – 2 26 1 2 Thus, particle A meets particle B at distances
3 of 16 cm and 24 cm from point O at 2 s and 6 s
= 10 = 14 respectively.
3
Jadi / So,x = 6, y = 10
Atau / or x = 26 , y = 14
3 3
Praktis SPM 3
(b) y = –3x – 4 …… 1 Kertas 1
xy + 40 = y2 …… 2 1. KAEDAH PENGGANTIAN / SUBSTITUTION METHOD
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2: 4x + 2y + 2z = 68………… 1
Replace 1 into 2: y – x = 4 ………… 2
x(–3x – 4) + 40 = (–3x – 4)2 z = 3 ………… 3
–3x2 – 4x + 40 = 9x2 + 24x + 16 x 4
12x2 + 28x – 24 = 0 Dari / From 2:
3x2 + 7x – 6 = 0 y=x+4 ……
(3x – 2)(x + 3) = 0  → 1:
4x + 2(x + 4) + 2z = 68
3x – 2 = 0 atau x + 3 = 0
4x + 2x + 8 + 2z = 68
x = 2 or x = –3 6x + 2z = 60 ……
3
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 1: Daripada / From :
Replace the values of x into 1: z= 3x ……
4
Apabila/When x = 2 ,
3  → :
y = –3 2 – 4 1 2 6x + 2 3 x = 60
 2
3 4
= – 6 6x + 3 x = 60
2
Apabila/When x = –3, 12x + 3x = 120
y = –3(–3) – 4 15x = 120
= 5 x =8
Maka, titik-titik persilangan ialah 2 , –6 dan
1 2
(–3, 5). 3
Thus, the points of intersections are

(–3, 5).
1 23 , –62 and

Dari / From : y = (8) + 4 = 12 Apabila/When x = 7,

Dari / From : x = 3 (8) = 6 y = 231 – 25(7) = 4
4 14
Maka / Therefore, x = 8, y = 12, z = 6
Maka/Thus, x = 7, y = 4
KAEDAH PENGHAPUSAN / ELIMINATION METHOD
Katakan kedalaman air = d
4x + 2y + 2z = 68 ………… 1 Let the depth of water = d
y–x =4 ………… 2 Isi padu/Volume = luas/area × d
z 3
x
=
4
………… 3 46.2 = 1 pj2d
4
1 ÷ 2: 2x + y + z = 34 ………… 
– y – x = 4 ………… 2 46.2 = 1 22 (7)2d
1 2
4 7
3x + z = 30 ………… 
Dari / From 3: 3x – 4z = 0 …………  46.2 = 154 d
4
 – : 5z = 30
d = 1.2
z =6
Maka/Thus, d = 1.2 meter
Dari / From ; 3x – 4(6) = 0
3x – 24 = 0
3. Q = R = 2P
x=8
3x – y + 1 = x2 + 4y2 = 2(x – 2y)
Dari / From 2: y – 8 = 4
3x – y + 1 = x2 + 4y2 …… 1
y = 12
3x – y + 1 = 2(x – 2y) …… 2
Daripada 2, 3x – y + 1 = 2x – 4y
2. Luas laman/backyard area = 77 From 3x – 2x = y – 4y – 1
(y + x)x = 77 x = –3y – 1 …… 3
xy + x2 = 77 …… 1
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 1.
Perimeter kawasan berumput = 33 Replace 3 into 1:
Perimeter of grassy area = 33 3(–3y – 1) – y + 1 = (–3y – 1)2 + 4y2
y + (y + x) + x + 1 πj = 33 –9y – 3 – y + 1 = 9y2 + 6y + 1 + 4y2
2 13y2 + 16y + 3 = 0
1 22
2y + 2x +
2 7 1 2
x = 33 (13y + 3)(y + 1) = 0
y = – 3 atau y = –1
2y + 2x + 11 x = 33 13
7 Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3.
14y + 14x + 11x = 231 Replace the values of y into 3:
14y + 25x = 231 …… 2
Apabila/When y = – 3 ,
13
Daripada/From 2: y = 231 – 25x …… 3 x = –31– 3 2 – 1
14 13
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 1: =– 4
Replace 3 into 1: 13
x 231 – 25x + x2 = 77
1 2 Apabila/When y = –1,
14
231x – 25x2 + 14x2 = 1 078 x = –3(–1) – 1
–11x2 + 231x – 1 078 = 0 =2
x2 – 21x + 98 = 0 Maka/Thus, x = – 4 , y = – 3 dan/and x = 2, y = –1.
(x – 14)(x – 7) = 0 13 13
x – 14 = 0 atau x – 7 = 0
x = 14 or x=7
4. 3x2 + 2y2 – 4xy= 9 …… 1
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 3: 3 + y – 2x = 0
Replace the values of x into 3.
⇒ y = 2x – 3 …… 2
Apabila/When x = 14,
y = 231 – 25(14) = – 17 (tidak diterima)
14 2

Gantikan/Replace 2 ke/into 1. 2. x – 2y – 4z = –17 …… 

3x2 + 2(2x − 3)2 – 4x(2x − 3) = 9 3x + 7y + z = 1 …… 
3x + 2(4x2 – 12x + 9) – 8x2 + 12x – 9 = 0
2
4x + 6y + 3z = 23 …… 
3x2 + 8x2 – 24x + 18 – 8x2 + 12x – 9 = 0
3x2 – 12x + 9 = 0 ÷3 Dari / From , x = 2y + 4z – 17
x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 Gantikan d ke dalam b,
(x – 1)(x – 3) = 0 Substitute d into b,
x–1=0, x–3=0
3(2y + 4z – 17) + 7y + z = 1
x=1, x=3
6y + 12z – 51 + 7y + z = 1
Apabila/When x = 1, y = 2(1) – 3 13y + 13z = 52
= –1 y+z = 4 ……
Apabila/When x = 3, y = 2(3) – 3
=3 Gantikan d ke dalam c,
Maka/Thus, x = 1, y = 1 dan/and x = 3, y = 3. Substitute d into c,
4(2y + 4z – 17) + 6y + 3z = 23
8y + 16z – 68 + 6y + 3z = 23
14y + 19z = 91 ……
Praktis Ekstra SPM 3 Dari / From , y+z=4
1. x + y + z = –2 …………  y = 4 – z ……
2x – 3y + 4z= 14 …………  Gantikan g ke dalam f,
5x + 2y – 3z= 10 …………  Substitute g into f,
14(4 – z) + 19z = 91
 × 2: 2x + 2y + 2z = –4 …… 56 – 14z + 19z = 91
: 2x – 3y + 4z = 14 5z = 35
 – : 5y – 2z = –18 …… z = 7
Gantikan z = 7 ke dalam g,
 × 5: 10x – 15y + 20z = 70 …… Substitute z = 7 into g,
 × 2: 10x + 4y – 6z = 20 …… y =4–7
 – : –19y + 26z = 50 …… = –3
 × 19: 95y – 38z = –342 …… Gantikan y = –3 dan z = 7 ke dalam a,
 × 5: –95y + 130z = 250 …… Substitute y = –3 and z = 7 into a,
 + : 92z = –92 x – 2(–3) – 4(7) = –17
z = –1 x + 6 – 28 = –17
x =5
Gantikan z = –1 ke dalam e,
Substitute z = –1 into e,
\ x = 5, y = –3, z = 7
5y – 2(–1) = –18
5y + 2 = –18
5y = –20
y = –4 3. 2y – z = 7 …… 1
x + 2y + z = 17 …… 2
Gantikan y = –4 dan z = –1 ke dalam a, 2x – 3y + 2z = –1 …… 3
Substitute y = –4 and z = –1 into a,
x – 4 – 1 = –2 2 × 2: 2x + 4y + 2z = 34
x – 5 = –2 3: 2x – 3y + 2z = –1
x =3 Tolak/Subtract: 7y = 35
y =5
\ x = 3, y = –4, z = –1
Ganti/Replace y = 5 ke dalam/into 1:
2(5) – z = 7
z =3

Ganti/Replace y = 5, z = 3 ke dalam/into 2: Gantikan d ke dalam c,

x + 2(5) + 3 = 17 Substitute d into c,
x =4 2.80 – y – 3z
3 2  + 4y + z = 4.30
∴ x = 4, y = 5, z = 3 8.40 – 3y – 9z + 8y + 2z = 8.60
5y – 7z = 0.20
4. x + 3y + 5z = 20 …… 1
50y – 70z = 2 ……
y – 4z = –16 …… 2
3x – 2y + 9z = 36 …… 3
38 – 50z
1 × 3: 3x + 9y + 15z = 60 Dari /From , y = …… 
30
3: 3x – 2y + 9z = 36
Tolak/Subtract : 11y + 6z = 24 …… 4
Gantikan g ke dalam f,
2 × 11: 11y – 44z = –176 Substitute g into f,
4: 11y + 6z = 24 38 – 50z
Tolak/Subtract : –50z = –200 50 30  – 70z = 2
z =4 1 900 – 2 500z – 2 100z = 60
Ganti/Replace z = 4 ke dalam/into 2: –4 600z = –1 840
y – 4(4) = –16 z = 0.40
y =0
Gantikan z = 0.40 ke dalam g,
Ganti/Replace y = 0, z = 4 ke dalam/into 1: Substitute z = 0.40 into g,
x + 3(0) + 5(4) = 20 38 – 50(0.40)
x =0 y= 30
Maka/Thus, x = 0, y = 0, z = 4 = 0.60
Gantikan y = 0.60 dan z = 0.40 ke dalam a,
5. Biar / Let x = harga karipap Substitute y = 0.60 and z = 0.40 into a,
price of a curry puff 2x + 0.60 + 3(0.40) = 2.80
y = harga donat 2x + 0.60 + 1.20 = 2.80
price of a doughnut 2x = 1.00
z = harga nuget x = 0.50
price of a nugget
2x + y + 3z = 2.80..............  Maka, harga bagi sebiji karipap, sebiji donat dan
x + 2y + 4z = 3.30..............  seketul nuget masing-masing ialah RM0.50,
3x + 4y + z = 4.30..............  RM0.60 dan RM0.40.
Therefore, the prices of a curry puff, a doughnut and a
Dari / From , nugget are RM0.50, RM0.60 and RM0.40 respectively.
2x = 2.80 – y – 3z
2.80 – y – 3z
x = ………… 6. 3 + 2y – x = 0 …… 1
2
3x2 + 4y2 = 5 – 3xy …… 2
Gantikan d ke dalam b, Daripada/From 1: x = 3 + 2y …… 3
Substitute d into b, Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
2.80 – y – 3z 3(3 + 2y)2 + 4y2 = 5 – 3(3 + 2y)y
 2  + 2y + 4z = 3.30 3(9 + 12y + 4y2) + 4y2 = 5 – 9y – 6y2
2.80 – y – 3z + 4y + 8z = 6.60 27 + 36y + 12y2 + 4y2 – 5 + 9y + 6y2 = 0
3y + 5z = 3.80 22y2 + 45y + 22 = 0
30y + 50z = 38 ……

–45 ± 
(45)2 – 4(22)(22) 8. 3x + 2y = 10 …… 1
y=
2(22) 3y + 2x = 5xy …… 2
–45 + 
89 –45 – 
89 10 – 3x
y= atau/or y = Daripada/From 1: y = 2
…… 3
44 44

y = –0.8083 atau y = –1.2371 Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3: 10 – 3x 10 – 3x
Replace the values of y into 3: 31 2 2
+ 2x = 5x 21 2
Apabila/When y = –0.8083 30 – 9x + 4x = 50x – 15x2
x = 3 + 2(–0.8083) 15x2 – 55x + 30 =0
= 1.383 3x2 – 11x + 6 =0
Apabila/When y = –1.2371 (3x – 2)(x – 3) =0
x = 3 + 2(–1.2371) 2
= 0.5258 x = 3 atau/or x = 3
Maka/Thus, x = 1.383, y = –0.8083

Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam 3:
dan/and x = 0.5258, y = –1.2371 Replace the values of y into 3:
2
7. 3x + 2y = 9 ……… Apabila/When x = 3
x2 + y2 + 2xy = 4 ……… 2
9 – 2y
10 – 3 132
Dari / From , x = …… y= 2 =4
3
Gantikan c ke dalam b, Apabila/When x = 3
Substitute c into b, 10 – 3(3) 1
y= 2
=
2
   
9 – 2y 2 9 – 2y
3 + y2 + 2y 3 =4
2 1
Maka/Thus, x = 3 , y = 4 dan/and x = 3, y = 2
 81 – 36y9 + 4y  + y +  18y 3– 4y =4
2 2
2
81 – 36y + 4y2 + 9y2 + 3(18y – 4y2) = 36 9. Biar dua nombor ialah x dan y.
Let the two numbers be x and y.
81 – 36y + 4y2 + 9y2 + 54y – 12y2 – 36 = 0
y2 + 18y + 45 = 0 x + y = 18 ........... 
(y + 3)(y + 15) = 0 x2 + y2 = 170 ......... 
y = –3 or / atau y = –15 Dari / From , x = 18 – y ………
Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam c, Gantikan c ke dalam b,
Substitute the values of y into c, Substitute c into b,
9 – 2(–3) (18 – y)2 + y2 = 170
Apabila / When y = –3, x = 3 324 – 36y + y2 + y2 = 170
=5 2y2 – 36y + 154 = 0
9 – 2(–15) y2 – 18y + 77 = 0
Apabila / When y = –15, x = 3 (y – 11)(y – 7) = 0
= 13 y = 11 atau / or y = 7
\ x = 5, y = –3; x = 13, y = –15 Gantikan nilai-nilai y ke dalam c,

Substitute the values of y into ,
Apabila / When y = 11, x = 18 – 11
=7
Apabila / When y = 7, x = 18 – 7
= 11
Maka, nilai dua nombor itu ialah 7 dan 11.

Therefore, the value of the two numbers are 7 and 11.

10.
x + y + 35 = 84 Gantikan  kepada :
Replace  into :
x + y = 49 …… 1 –4 – 4m –4 – 4m
x2 + y2 = 352 96m – 54  + 156m  3 
3
x2 + y2 = 1 225 …… 2 =0
96m – 18(–4 – 4m) + 52m (–4 – 4m) =0
Daripada/From 1: y = 49 – x …… 3
96m + 72 + 72m – 208m – 208m2 =0
Gantikan 3 ke dalam 2: 208m2 + 40m – 72 =0
Replace 3 into 2: 52m2 + 10m – 18 =0
x2 + (49 – x)2 = 1 225 26m2 + 5m – 9 =0
x2 + 2 401 – 98x + x2 = 1 225 (13m + 9)(2m – 1) =0
2x2 – 98x + 1 176 = 0 13m + 9 = 0 , 2m – 1 = 0
x2 – 49x + 588 = 0 9 1
(x – 28)(x – 21) = 0 m =– m=
13 2
x – 28 = 0 atau / or x – 21 = 0 1 9 1 1
n = 3 –4 – 4–
13 
n = 3 –4 – 4 
x = 28 x = 21 2
16
= – = –2
39
Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 3:
Replace the values of x into 3:
Apabila/When x = 28, 2. Katakan x = bilangan pek 6 tin
y = 49 – 28 Let y = bilangan pek 12 tin
= 21 z = bilangan pek 24 tin
Apabila/When x = 21,
y = 49 – 21 x + y + z = 14 …… 1
= 28 10x + 18y + 36z = 248 …… 2
6x + 12y + 24z = 162 …… 3
Maka, panjang dua sisi yang lain ialah 21 cm dan 3 ÷ 6: x + 2y + 4z = 27
28 cm. 1: x + y + z = 14
Thus, the length of the other two sides are 21 cm and
28 cm. Tolak/Subtract: y + 3z = 13 …… 4
1 × 5: 5x + 5y + 5z = 70
Sudut KBAT 2 ÷ 2: 5x + 9y + 18z = 124
Tolak/Subtract: –4y – 13z = –54 …… 5
1. x = 2m, y = 3n
y + 2x = –4 4 × 4: 4y + 12x = 52
3n + 4m = –4 5: –4y – 13z = –54
3n = –4 – 4m Tambah/Add: –z = –2
–4 – 4m z=2
n = … Ganti z = 2 ke dalam 4:
3
Replace z = 2 into 4:
4 3 13
– =– y + 3(2) = 13
y 2x 6
y=7
8x – 3y 13 Ganti y = 7, z = 2 ke dalam 1:
=–
2xy 6 Replace y = 7, z = 2 into 1:
6(8x – 3y) = –13(2xy) x + 7 + 2 = 14
48x – 18y = –26xy x=5
48(2m) – 18(3n) = –26(2m)(3n) Maka/Thus, x = 5, y = 7, z = 2
96m – 54n + 156mn = 0 …

Jawapan
1 (n – 1) 1n
(c) = 5n(53) + (53) 3 – (52) 2
Bab Indeks, Surd dan Logaritma = 5n(53) + 5n − 1 − 5n
4 Indices, Surds and Logarithms
= 5n153 + 1 – 12
5
1. (a) = m3 × n–8 × 625m4 = 124 1 (5n)
1
5
27m6n3 621
= (5n)
= 625m6 n3
7 –8
5
27m n = 621(5n − 1)
= 625 m7 – 6n–8 – 3
27 3. (a ) 43m − 2 = 43m ÷ 42
= 625 mn−11 = 4 2 = 64
3m m
27 4 16
(b) 7 m = 72m
n n
(b) = 81p4q5 × 4 × 8p5q4
12p3q2 49 7
= 7n ÷ 72m
= 648 p4 + 5 – 3q20 + 4 – 2 = 7n – 2m
12
= 54p6q22 (25–y) = 52(– y)
(c)
(c) = 34x8 × 42 × 3y6 2 5(125–x) 5[53(–x)]
1 44y12 32 × 3x9 2
= 51 – 3x
–2y

5
= 1 6 – 4 412 – 6 9 – 8 2
6–4 2
3 y x = 5–2y – (1 – 3x)

= 53x – 2y – 1
= 1 24 6 2
2 2
3yx
4. (a) 6x + 6x + 1 + 6x + 2 = 6x[1 + 6 + 62]
= 256 = 6x[1 + 6 + 36]
81x2 y12
= 43(6x)
2 1 Nombor ini boleh dibahagi oleh 43 sebab 43
2. (a) 8 3 x + 43 + x −16 2 x + 1
ialah satu faktor.
2x 1x + 1
The number is divisible by 43 since 43 is a factor.
= (23) 3 + (22)3 + x −(24) 2
= 22x + 26 + 2x − 22x + 4 (b) 5n + 2 – 5n + 1 + 5n + 3
= 22x + 26(22x) − 24(22x) = 5n(52) – 5n(51) + 5n(53)
= 22x(1 + 26 − 24) = 5n(25 – 5 + 125)
= 5n(145)
= 4x(1 + 64 − 16)
= 5n(29 × 5)
= 49(4x)
Nombor ini boleh dibahagi tepat oleh 29
1
4x 2 kerana 29 ialah satu faktor.
(2 ) + 2 2(x + 3)
The number is divisible by 29 since 29 is a factor.
(b) =
23(x – 1)
= 2 2x
+ 22x × 26 (c) 3x – 3x + 1 + 3x + 4 = 3x + 3x(3) + 3x(34)
23x – 3 = 3x[1 + 3 + 34]
= 2 (13x + 26)
2x
= 3x[1 + 3 + 81]
2 –3
= 3x(85)
= 65(22x – 3x + 3)
= 3x(17 × 5)
= 65(23 – x)

Nombor ini boleh dibahagi tepat oleh 5 (b) ℎ = 5(0.9n)

kerana 5 ialah satu faktor. Apabila / When h = 3.2805 m,
The number is divisible by 5 since 5 is a factor. 3.2805 = 5(0.9n)
0.9n = 0.6561
5. (a) x4 = 24 0.9n = 0.94
x =4 Maka / Therefore, n = 4
(b) 52x = 54
2x = 4 7. (a) Biar / Let N = 0.7777 …… 1
x =2 10N = 7.7777 …… 2
2 – 1: 9N = 7
(c) 53x + 3 = 52(x – 1)
3x + 3 = 2x – 2 N= 7
x = –5 9
(d) 1 (b) Biar / Let N = 0.818181 …… 1

24x =
2 x+4
100N = 81.8181 …… 2
24x = 2–x – 4
2 – 1: 99N = 81
4x = –x – 4
5x = –4 N = 81 = 9
99 11
x =– 4
5 (c) Biar / Let N = 0.717717717 …… 1
(e) 2 × 2
2x
=2
2x − 1 7
1000N = 717.717717 …… 2
22x + 2x − 1 = 27 2 – 1: 999N = 717
2x + 2x − 1 = 7
4x = 8 N = 717 = 239
999 333
x =2
(f) 52x(51) + 52x(5−1) = 26 8. (a) 5

√243 = 3
52x15 + 1 2 = 26
5 Nilainya ialah satu integer. 5
√243 bukan
2x 26
5 1 2 = 26 sebuah surd.
5 The value is an integer. 5√243 is not a surd.
52x =5
2x =1 16
(b) 4
= 2
x = 1 625 5
2
16
Nilainya ialah satu pecahan. 4
bukan
(g) 4x(42) – 4x(4−1) = 252 625
sebuah surd.
4x116 – 1 2 = 252 The value is a fraction. 4
16
is not a surd.
4 625
x 63
41 2 = 252
4 (c) 6
√88 = 2.109018772…
4x = 252 × 4
63 6
√88 ialah sebuah surd kerana bukan
4x = 16 perpuluhan berulang.
4x = 42 6
√88 is a surd because it is a non-recurrung decimal.
x =2
6. (a) T = 28.5(1.1)t 9. (a) = √3 × 11

Apabila t = 30 minit, = √33
When t = 30 minutes,
T = 28.5(1.1)30
= 497.31°C

78 (h) 7√27 + 2√3

(b) =
6 = 7√9 × 3 + 2√3
= √13 = 7(3)√3 + 2√3
= 21√3 + 2√3
(c) = √13m × 2m
= (21 + 2)√3
= √26m2 = 23√3
= m√26
(i) 2√12 + 5√48 – 7√3
20n = 2√4 × 3 + 5√16 × 3 – 7√3
(d) = = 2√4√3 + 5√16 √3 – 7√3
32n
= 4√3 + 20√3 – 7√3
5
= = (4 + 20 – 7)√3
8
= 17√3
6 × 10
(e) =
5 (j) 2√6 + √150 – 3√54
= √12 = 2√6 + √25 × 6 – 3√9 × 6
= 2√6 + 5√6 – 9√6
10. (a) √48 = √16 × 3 = (2 + 5 – 9)√6
= √16 × √3 = –2√6
= 4√3
(k) √4 × 10 = √4 × √10
(b) √45 = √9 × 5 √9 3
= √9 × √5 = 2√10
3
= 3√5
3 3 (l) √4 × 3
= √4 × √3
(c) √32 = √8 × 4 √49 7
3 3
= √8 × √4
3 = 2√3
= 2 √4 7
3 3
(d) √135 = √27 × 5 (m) 3√8 × 2
= √8 × √2
3 3
3 3
= √27 × √5 3
√27 3

3
= 3 √5 = 2 3
√2
3
(e) 4√5 + √5 – 2√5
(n) 3√27 × 2 = 3√27 3√2
= (4 + 1 – 2) √5 3
√125 5
= 3√5 3 3
√2
=
5
(f) 3√20 + 7√20
= 10 √20
11. 5 5 √2
= 10√4 × 5 (a) = ×
√2 √2 √2
= 10√4 √5
5√2
= 10(2)√5 =
2
= 20√5
2 √2 √3
(b)= ×
(g) 13√28 – 7√7 3 √3 √3
= 13√4 × 7 – 7√7 √6
=
= 13√4 √7 – 7√7 3
= 26√7 – 7√7
= (26 – 7)√7
= 19√7

√5 √5 4√45 4√9 × 5
(c) = (j) =
√8 √4 × 2 –6√20 –6√4 × 5
√5 √2 4√9 √5
= × =
2√2 √2 –6√4 √5
√10 12√5
= =
4 –12√5
√7 √7 = –1
(d) =
√12 √4 × 3
√7 √3 12. 3 (√7 + √2)
= × (a) =
2√3 √3 (√7 – √2) (√7 + √2)
√21 3√7 + 3√2
= =
6 7–2
6 6 3√7 + 3√2
(e) = ×
√5 =
5
√5 √5 √5
6√5 √3 (√8 – √5)
= (b) =
5 (√8 + √5) (√8 – √5)
3√2 3√2 √3 √3 √8 – √3 √5
(f) = × =
5√3 5√3 √3 8–5
3√6 √3 √4 × 2 – √15
= =
15 3
√6 √3 √4 √2 – √15
= =
5 3
6√7 6√7 2√6 – √15
(g) = =
5√27 5√9 × 3 3
6√7
= 4 (√7 + 1)
5√9 √3 (c) =
(√7 – 1) (√7 + 1)
6√7 √3
= × 4√7 + 4
15√3 √3 =
7–1
6√21
= 4√7 + 4
45 =
6
2√21
= 2(√7 + 1)
15 =
3
5√5 5√5 √2
(h) = × 3 (2√3 – 3√5)
3√2 3√2 √2 (d) =
(2√3 + 3√5) (2√3 – 3√5)
5√10
= 3(2√3 – 3√5)
6 =
4(3) – 9(5)
8√5 8√5
(i) = 3(2√3 – 3√5)
3√12 3√4 × 3 =
–33
8√5
= 2√3 – 3√5
6√3 =
–11
8√5 √3
= × 3√5 – 2√3
6√3 √3 =
11
8√15
=
18
4√15
=
9

3√2 (2√6 + √10) (c) p + 6 = 5√p

(e) =
(2√6 – √10) (2√6 + √10) (p + 6)2 = (5√p)2
3√2(2√6 + √10) p2 + 12p + 36 = 25p
= p2 – 13p + 36 = 0
4(6) – 10
(p – 4)(p – 9) = 0
6√12 + 3√20
= p = 4 atau p = 9
14
6√4 × 3 + 3√4 × 5
= 14. (a) (4 − 2√2)x = 20
14 20
12√3 + 6√5 x=
= (4 − 2√2)
14 10
=
6√3 + 3√5 (2 − 1√2)
= 10 2 + √2
7 = ×
(2 − √2) 2 + √2
2√20 (1 + √5)
(f) = 10(2 + √2)
(1 – √5) (1 + √5) =
4−2
2√20 + 2√100
= = 5(2 + √2)
1–5
2√4 × 5 + 2(10)
= 15. (a) 243 = 35
–4
log3 243 = 5
4√5 + 20
=
–4 (b) 125 = 53
= –√5 – 5 log5 125 = 3
√y – 4 (√y – 2)
(g) = (c)log7 1 = 7–2
(√y + 2) (√y – 2) 49
y – 2√y – 4√y + 8
= log7 1 = –2
y–4 49
y – 6√y + 8
= (d) 100 = 102
y–4
log10 100 = 2
(8√m + 5√n) (√m + √n ) 1
(h) = (e) 3 = 92
(√m – √n ) (√m + √n )
8m + 8√mn + 5√mn + 5n log9 3 = 1
= 2
m–n
8m + 13√mn + 5n
= 16. (a) log8 512 = 3
m–n
83 = 512
13. (a) (√7x – 3)2 = 42 (b) log10 0.1 = –1
7x – 3 = 16 10–1 = 0.1
7x = 19 1
—
(c) 9 2 = 3
x = 19
7
(d) x–4 = 1
(b) (2√3 – y)2 = 12 16
22(√3 – y)2 = 1
4(3 – y) = 1 (e) 5k = N
12 – 4y = 1
y = 11
4

17. (a) Katakan log4 256 = x 1

—
(d) x3 = 5
Let 4x = 256 1
4x = 44
—
3
3
1x 2
= 53
x =4 x = 125
(b) Katakan log6 1 = x

1
(2x) 2 = 1
—
36 (e)
Let 8
6x = 1 1
36 12x 2 2 = 1 18 22
— 2
6x = 6–2
x = –2 2x = 1
64
(c) Katakan log3 81 = x x = 1
Let 128
( 3)x = 81
1 x
—
3 2 = 34 1 2
1x =4
(f) 142 =x

2
x =8 x = 1
16
(d) Katakan log10 0.01 = x

19. (a) = loga m + loga n3 – loga m2n
Let 10x = 0.01
= loga 1 m ×2 n 2
3
10x = 10–2
x = –2 mn
= loga n 2
(e) Katakan logm 1 = x m

Let mx = 1 (b) = loga (pq)5 + logap1 – logaq3
mx = m0
= loga p q 3× p
5 5 2
x =0 q
= logap5 + 2q5 – 3
(f) Katakan log —1 0.125 =x = logap7q2
2
Let 1 x
122 = 0.125 7
—
(c) = loga x4 – loga(x2y)3 + logay 2
1 x = 1
122 8 2
7
—
= loga x ×6 y3
4
1 x =112
3 xy
122 2 
x =3 = loga y2
x
18. (a) x = 26
20. (a) = log 48 × 3
2 1
9 2
x = 64
= log2 16
(b) x = 35
x = 243 = log2 24
=4
1
—
(c) 4 =x
2
(b) = log4 16 – log4 2 + log4 83
1
—
1 2
x = (2 )
2 2
= log4 16 × 512
x=2 2
= log4 4 096
= log4 46
= 6 log4 4
=6

62 (b) log7 7.5 = log7 1 3 × 5 

(c) = log2
1 (16) 1
—
2
×32
2 2
= log7 3 + log7 5 – log7 2
= log2 1 36 2 =y+z–x
4×9
= log2 1 (c) log7 6.3 = log7 1 3 × 7 
2
=0 2×5
= log7 32 + log7 7 – (log7 2 + log7 5)
21. (a) log 1 2 = log4 5
4 = 2 log7 3 + 1 – (log7 2 + log7 5)
3 3
= 2y + 1 – x – z
= log4 5 – log4 3
= 1.161 – 0.792 23. log10 7
= 0.369 (a) log5 7 =
log10 4
1
— = 1.404
(b) log4 
20 = log4 20 2
= 1 log4 20 log10 0.048
2 (b) log5 7 =
log10 4
= 1 log4 (4 × 5)
2 = –2.190
= 1 (log4 4 + log4 5)
2 24. log3 p
(a) log9 p =
= 1 (1 + 1.161) log3 9
2 x
= 1.0805 =
log3 32
= x
(c) log4 3.75 = log4 3 3 2 log3 3
4
= log4 15 = x
4 2
= log4 1 3 × 5 2 log3 27p
4 (b) log9 27p =
log3 9
= log4 3 + log4 5 – log4 4
= 0.792 + 1.161 – 1 log3(33 × p)
=
= 0.953 log3 32
3 log3 3 + log3 p
=
(d) log4 45 = log4 (9 × 5) 2 log3 3
= log4 (32 × 5) 3 + x
=
= log4 32 + log4 5 2
= 2 log4 3 + log4 5 log3 81
= 2(0.792) + 1.161 (c) log9p 81 =
log3 9p
= 2.745
log3 34
=
22. (a) log7 12 = log7(22 × 3) log3 (32 × p)
= log7 22 + log7 3 4 log3 3
= 2 log7 2 + log7 3 =
2 log3 3 + log3 p
= 2x + y
= 4
2+x

25. (a) log10 8x – 1 = log10 46 log3 x

(d) log3 (3x – 2) + 6 1
log3 27 2
= log3 x4
(x – 1) log10 8 = log10 46
log10 46 log3 x
log3 (3x – 2) – 6 1
3 2
x–1 = = 4 log3 x
log10 8
log3 (3x – 2) + 2log3 x = 4 log3 x
x = 1.8412 + 1 log3 (3x – 2) – 2log3 x =0
x = 2.8412 log3 (3x – 2) – log3 x2 =0
3x – 2
(b) log10 5x – 2 = log10 4x + 1 =1
x2
(x – 2) log10 5 = (x + 1) log10 4 3x – 2 = x2
x log10 5 – 2 log10 5 = x log10 4 + log10 4 x2 – 3x + 2 =0
x log10 5 – x log10 4 = log10 4 + 2 log10 5 (x – 1)(x – 2) =0
x(log10 5 – log10 4) = log10 4 + 2 log10 5 x = 1 atau / or 2
log10 4 + 2 log10 5
x=
log10 5 – log10 4 27. (a) Jumlah asal / Initial amount = RM8 000
x = 20.64 Jumlah selepas t tahun  RM18 000
Amount after t years
8000(1.05)t
 18000
(c) 6x = 5x + 1
(1.05)t  2.25
x log10 6 = (x + 1) log10 5 log10(1.05)t
 log10 2.25
x log10 6 = x log10 5 + log10 5 t log101.05
 log10 2.25
x log10 6 – x log10 5 = log10 5 log10 2.25
t 
x (log10 6 – x log10 5) = log10 5 log10 1.05
log10 5 0.3522
x = t 
log10 6 – log10 5 0.0212
t  16.62
x = 8.827
Maka, tempoh pelaburan ialah 17 tahun.
Therefore, the duration of the investment is 17
26. (a) logx 750 – logx 6 =3 years.
logx 1 750 2 =3
6 (b) Luas = Panjang × Lebar
logx 125 =3 Area = Length × Width
x3 = 125 √80 = (1 + √5) × Lebar
x3 = 53
x =5 Lebar = √80
(1 + √5)
Width
(b) log5 (8x – 4) = log5 32 + log5 4 √80 1 – √5
=
log5 (8x – 4) = log5 (32 × 4) (1 + √5) (1 – √5)
log5 (8x – 4) = log5 36
8x – 4 = 36 = √16 × 5 1 – √5
x =5 (1 + √5) (1 – √5)
= 4√5 1 – √5
log5 625 (1 + √5) (1 – √5)
(c) log5 x =
log5 x
(log5 x)2 = log5 54 = 4√5 – 4√5 √5 = 4√5 – 20
1–5 –4
(log5 x)2 =4
= (5 – √5) cm
log5 x = ±2
x = 52 atau / or 5–2
x = 25 atau / or 1
25

(b) log√n Kn4 = log√n K + log√n n4

Praktis SPM 4 logn K 4 logn n
= +
Kertas 1 1 1
logn n 2 logn n 2
1. 5x × 5 + 5x × 53 − 5x= 5x(42x + 3) 3x 4
= + = 6x + 8
5x(5 + 125−1) = 5x(42x + 3) 1 1
129 = 42x + 3 2 2
42x = 126
Kertas 2
x =3
(a) 25 y = 5 3y
x+y 2(x + y)
1.
2. 4(2√a ) – 3 + 3√a 125 5
√a
= 52x + 2y – 3y
= 11√a – 3 = 52x – y
√a
= (5 y)
x 2
= 11a – 3
√a 5
11a – 3 × √a = h 2
= k
√a √a
= (11a – 3) √a (b) log25 125h = log25 125 + log25 h – log25 k2
a k2
log5 53 log5 h log5 k2
= + –
log5 52 log5 52 log5 52
√ab × a = √a √b × a
3.
√b √b log5 53 + log5 5x – log5 52y
3 =
2 log5 52
= a 3 + x – 2y
=
2
1
81x2 = log 81x2 2
3 1
y 2 (a) 1 (√12 – 2)√3 = 1 (√36 – 2√3)
4. log3 2.
y 2 2
1
= log3 1 3 x 2
4 2
= 1 (6 – 2√3)
2
y
2
= log 3 x
2
= 3 – √3cm2
3 1 1 2
y2
(b) x = √12 + 2
1
= log3 3 + log3 x – log3 y 2
2
√3 √12 – 2
= 2 log3 3 + log3 x – 1 log3 y x = √12 + 2 × √12 + 2
q 2
=2+p– √3 √12 – 2 √12 + 2
2 x = 12 + 4√12 + 4
√3 12 – 4
5. 4
3p − 
33q = 
3p x = 16 + 4√4 × 3
43 − 3 = 
p p
33q √3 8
33 = 
p
33q x = 16 + 4√4 √3
1 3
p q √3 8

3 × 32 = 32
1+
1
p
3
q
x = 16 + 8√3 = 2 + √3
2

3 = 32 √3 8

1 + 1p = 3q x = 2√3 + 3 = 3 + 2√3 cm
2 2
q = + 1 p atau / or 2 + p
2
3. (a) log9 x =m xy = 32m × 3n
3 3 3
x = 9m = 32m + n
6. (a) logn 1 = logn K–1 = 32m = 3n
2m
x
K log3 y =n y 3
= –logn K = 32m – n
y = 3n
= –3x

(b) xy = 243 6. log3 18 + log3 4 – 3 log3 2

32m + n = 35 = log3 18 + log3 4 – log3 23
2m + n = 5 …… 1
x = 27 = log3 18 ×3 4
 
y 2
= log3 9
32m – n = 33
2m – n = 3 ……… 2 = log3 32
1 + 2, 4m = 8 =2
m=2
Daripada 1, 2(2) + n = 5 1
n =1 7. 1 + 2 log7 196 – log7 14
1
= 1 + log7 (142) 2 – log7 14
Praktis Ekstra SPM 4 = 1 + log7 14 – log7 14
=1
1. 21m3n2 ÷ 1 m5n
3 8. log5 (8x – 4)= 2 log523 + log5 4
21m n
3 2 log5 (8x – 4)= log5 3 + log5 4
= log5 (8x – 4) = log5 (32 × 4)
1 5
mn log5 (8x – 4) = log5 36
3 3–5 2–1
= 63m n 8x – 4 = 36
= 63m–2n x =5
63n
=
m2
2.
4 x
× 22x – 1 = 128
9. (i) AC = (√125)2 + (√500)2
2 × 22x − 1 = 27
2x
= √125 + 500
22x + 2x − 1 = 27 = √625
2x + 2x − 1 = 7 = 25 cm
4x = 8
x=2
Perimeter
= √125 + √500 + 25
3. 
12 – 
75 + 
108 = √5 × 5 × 5 + √2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 + 25
= 
4 × 3 – 
25 × 3 + 
36 × 3 = 5√5 + 10√5 + 25
= 2
3 – 53 + 6
3 = (15√5 + 25) cm
= (2 – 5 + 6)
3
= 3
3 1
(ii) Luas / Area = × √125 × √500
2
1
4. 2x – 1 = 3
3 = × 5√5 × 10√5
2
3

2x – 1 = 1
3 = × 50 × 5
2 2

2x – 1 = 12
= 125 cm2
2x – 1 =1
2x =2
x =1
5.
logx
64 =2
64 = x2
82 = x2
x =8

r nt
10.
1
MV = P 1 +
n2 (a) Jumlah pelaburan = p11 + r rt
100 2
2.
0.05 Total investment
1 2 = 30 00011 + 6 25
(1)t
5 431.20 = 3 500 1 +
1 100
5 431.20
= 1.05t = 30 000 (1.06)5
3 500
= RM40 146.77
5 431.20
ln 1 3 500 2 = ln 1.05 t
(b) Jumlah pelaburan > 100 000
ln 5 431.20 – ln 3 500 = t ln 1.05 Total investment
ln 5 431.20 – ln 3 500 30 000 (1.06)n > 100 000
t=
ln 1.05 n log10 1.06 > log101 10 2
= 9 3
log10 1 10 2
Ia mengambil 9 tahun. / It takes 9 years. n > 3
log10 1.06
n > 20.66
n = 21 tahun
Sudut KBAT
x
h2 + 1 x
2
1. 1 x
– h
x
2 1 2 = x2
x 2
h = x2 – 1 x2 = 3 x2
x
2
x 4 4
h = √3 x
2
Luas tapak pembinaan/Area of the building site
= x2 + 1 x1 √3 x2
2 2
= x2 + √3 x2
4
= 4 + √3 x2
4
Seterusnya / Hence, a = 4, b = √3

Jawapan
3. (a) 5, 1, –3, –7
Bab Janjang
(b) 3.2, 3.8, 4.4, 5.0
5 Progressions
(c) x −4, x −2, x, x + 2
1. (a) T − T = 1 1 − 3 = 3 (d) 3x + 7, 4x + 5, 5x + 3, 6x + 1
1
2 1
2 4 4
4. (a) a = −8
T3 − T2 = − 1 1 = 3
9
d = 4 − (−2) = 6
4 2 4
T12 = –8 + 11(6)
T4 − T3 = 3 − = 3
9
= 58
4 4
(b) a = log 10
d = 3 (pemalar / constant)
4 d = log 100 – log 10
Suatu janjang aritmetik
An arithmetic progression = log 100
10
= log 10
(b) T2 − T1 = log5 12 = log5 3 T8 = log10 10 + 7(log 10)
4 = log 10(107)
36 = 8 log 10
T3 − T2 = log5 = log5 3
12
(c) a = 16x2
T4 − T3 = log5 108 = log5 3 d = 13x2 − 16x2 = –3x2
36
T9 = 16x2 + 8(–3x2)
d = log5 3 (pemalar / constant) = –8x2
Suatu janjang aritmetik
An arithmetic progression
5. (a) a = −11 , d = −7 − (−11) = 4
Tn = a + (n − 1)d
(c) T2 − T1 = 2p − 1 – (3p – 2) = 1 – p = –11 + (n – 1)(4)
T3 − T2 = p − (2p – 1) = 1 – p = 4n − 15
T4 − T3 = 5 + p − p = 5 4n – 15 = 125
4n = 140
d bukan satu pemalar n = 35
Bukan suatu janjang aritmetik
d is not a constant (b) a = 16x2, d = 13x2 − 16x2 = −3x2
Not an arithmetic progression Tn = –8x2
16x2 + (n – 1)(–3x2) = –8x2
2. (a) a = –6 (n – 1)(–3x2) = −24x2
d = 3 − (–6) = 9 n–1 =8
n =9
(b) a = 11
(c) a = 6 , d = 7 2 −6= 5
d = 6 − 8 1 = –2 1 3 3
2 2
5
(c) a = 3x + 7
6 + (n – 1)   = 31
3
5
d = 5x + 3 – (4x + 5) = x – 2 (n – 1)   = 25
3
n–1 = 15
n = 16

(d) a = 3m , d = m − 3m = −2m 14 – 5n = –86

Tn = a + (n − 1)d 5n = 100
= 3m + (n − 1)( −2m) n = 20
= 5m – 2nm S20 = n [a + l]
2
5m – 2mn = –13m
= 20 [9 – 86]
2nm = 18m
2
2n = 18 = –770
n=9
6. (a) a = −15, d = −11 − (−15) = 4 (c) a = 1 , d = 2 − 1 = 1

5 5 5 5
S16 = n [2a + (n – 1)d] 1 + (n – 1) 1 = 14
 
2 5 5 5
= 16 [2(–15) + 15(4)] 1 (n – 1) = 13
2 5 5
= 8(–30 + 60) n – 1 = 13
= 240 n = 14
(b) a = 9 1 = 19 , d = 7 − 9 1 = – 5 S14 = 14 2 1 + 13 1
   
2 2 2 2 2 5 5
11 19 5
S1a =
2
2  
2
+ 10 – 2  = 7 2 + 13
 
5 5
= 11 (19 – 25) = 7(3)
2
= –33 = 21
(c) a = x, d = 2x + 1 – x = x + 1 8. (a) a = −22, d = −16 − (−22) = 6

S8 = 8 [2x + 7(x + 1)] Hasil tambah T5 hingga T14
2 Sum of T5 to T14
= 4[2x + 7x + 7]
= S14 – S4
= 4(9x + 7)
= 36x + 28 = 14 [2(–22) + 13(6)] – 4 [2(–22) + 3(6)]
2 2
= 7(34) – 2(–26)
7. (a) a = –6, d = –4 − (–6) = 2, l = 16
= 290
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
= –6 + (n – 1)(2) = 2n – 8 (b) a = 16x2, d = 13x2 – 16x2 = –3x2
2n – 8 = 16 S20 – S8
2n = 24
= 20 [2(16x2) + 19(–3x2)] – 8 [2(16x2) + 7(–3x2)]
n = 12 2 2
S12 = n [a + l] = 10(32x2 − 57x2) − 4(32x2 − 21x2)
2
= −250x2 − 44x2
12
= [–6 + 16] = −294x2
2
= 6(10) = 60 (c) a = 6.7, d = 5.3 − 6.7 = −1.4
(b) a = 9, d = 4 − 9 = –5, l = –86
Tn = a + (n – 1)d Hasil tambah T6 hingga T10
= 9 + (n – 1)(–5) Sum of T6 to T10
= 14 – 5n = S10 – S5
= 10 [2(6.7) + 9(–1.4)] – 5 [2(6.7) + 4(–1.4)]

2 2
= 5(0.8) – 19.5
= –15.5

(d) a = 5, d = 9 − 5 = –0.5 (e) Sn = n(n − 3)

2 T1 = S1 = 1(1 − 3) = −2
Hasil tambah T9 hingga T16 T2 = S2 − S2
Sum of T9 to T16 = 2(2 − 3) − ( − 2)
= S16 – S8 =0
d = 0 − (−2) = 2
= 16 [2(5) + 15(–0.5)] – 8 [2(5) + 7(–0.5)]
2 2 T15 = 47
(f)
= 8(2.5) – 4(6.5) a + 14d = 47 ………
= –6 S9 = 153
9 [2a + 8d] = 153
9. (a) T15 = S15 − S14 2
= 5(15) − 152 − [5(14)− 142] a + 4d = 17 ………
= −150 − (−126)  −  : 10d = 30
= −24 d =3
(b) T5 = S5 − S4 Dari / From :
a + 4(3) =17
= 5 (52) − 9(5) − 5 (42) − 9(4)
  a = 5
2 2
= 35 −4= 27 = 13 1 S15 = 15 (5 + 47) = 390
2 2 2 2
10. (a) 4p – (3p – 1) = 3p – 1 – p (g) a = 10, d = 2 – 6 = –4

p + 1 = 2p – 1 Sn , –80
p =2 n [2(10) + (n – 1)(–4) , –80
2
(b) Tn = 5n – 2 n (20 + 4 – 4n) , –80
a = T1 = 5(1) – 2 = 3 2
n(12 – 2n) , –80
T2 = 5(2) – 2 = 8 0 , 2n2 –12n – 80
d = T2 – T1 = 8 – 3 = 5 n2 – 6n – 40 . 0
S7 = 7 [2(3) + 6(5)] (n – 10)(n + 4) . 0
2 n . 10
= 126 n = 11
(c) a = –22, d = –16 – (–22) = 6
Sn = n [2(–22) + (n – 1)(6)] 11. (a) a = 50 cm = 0.5 m, l = 4 m
2
n [–44 – 6 + 6n] = 132 Sn = n [a + l] = 45
2 2
n
[0.5 + 4] = 45
6n2 – 50n – 264 = 0
2
3n2 – 25n – 132 = 0 n = 20
(3n + 11)(n – 12) = 0
n = – 11 (tidak diterima/ not accepted), n = 12 12. (a) T2 = –30 = –2
3
T1 15
(d) T5 = 13 = a + 4d …… (i) T3
T12 = 27 = a + 11d ……(ii) = 60 = –2
T2 –30
(ii) –(i): 7d = 14
T4 –120
d =2 = = –2
13 = a + 4(2) T3 60
a =5 r = –2 (pemalar / Constant)
\ Ini ialah janjang geometri.
This is a geometric progression.

T2 16. (a) a = 7, r = 21 = 3
(b) = 4 ÷ 2 = 2
T1 9 3 3 7
T3 1 701 = (7)(3)n − 1
= 6 ÷ 4 = 1 243 = (3)n − 1
T2 27 9 2
T4 (3)5 = (3)n – 1
= 12 ÷ 6 = 2 n – 1 = 5
T3 81 27 3
n =6
r bukan pemalar./ r is not a constant
(b) a = x , r = x × 82 = 2
2 2
\ Ini bukan janjang geometri.
This is not a geometric progression. 16 4 x
256x2 = x (2n – 1)
2
16
13. (a) a = 6 4096 = 2n – 1
2n – 1 = 212
r = –12 = 2
6 n – 1 = 12
n = 13
(b) a = 64
r= 1 (c) a = 0.6, r = –1.8 = –3

4 0.6
–11 809.8 = (0.6)(–3)n − 1
(c) a = 2x7 –19 683 = (–3)n − 1
(–3)9 = (–3)n – 1
r = 4x7 = 2
6
2x x n – 1 = 9
n = 10
14. (a) 3, 6, 12, 24
(b) 2, –4, 8, –16 (d) a = 1, r = 2
3
(c) 9, –3, 1, – 1 32 = (1) 2 1 2
n−1
3 243 3
2 = 2 1 2 1 2
5 n−1
(d) 5p6, 10p3, 20, 40p–3
3 3
15. (a) a = –6, r = 18 = −3 n – 1 = 5
–6 n=6
T7 = ar6
= (–6)(−3)6 17. (a) a = –3, r = 6 = −2
= –4 374 –3
Sn = a(1 – r n
)
1–r
(b) a = 1 , r = 1 ÷ 1 = 1
S6 = (–3)[1 – (–2) ]
6
4 8 4 2
1 – (–2)
T9 = ar8 = 63
= 1 1 1 21 2
8
4 2
(b) a = 0.3, r = 1.2 = 4
0.3
= 1
1 024
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
r–1
(c) a = 3x – 4 0.3[(76
– 1]
S6 =
r = 6x – 8 = 2(3x – 4) = 2 4–1
3x – 4 3x – 4
= 102.3
Tn = arn – 1
T6 = (3x – 4)(25)
= 96x – 128

18. (a) a=5 (b) a = 4, r = 5

r = 35 = 7 4
5
84035 = 5(7)n − 1 Hasil tambah T5 hingga T10
16807 = 7n − 1 = S10 – S4
7n − 1 = 75
4 5 –1
31 2 4 4 5 –1
31 2 4
10 4
n−1=5 4 4
n = 6 = −
5 –1 5 –1
S6 = 5[(7 − 1]
6
4 4
7−1
= 98040 = 133.01 – 23.06
= 109.95
(b) a = 17 500, r = 700 = 1 20. (a) a = 72, r = 36 = 1
3500 5
1 72 2
1 2
n–1
28 = 17500
5 72
1 1 S∞ =
1 2
n–1
625
=
5 1– 1
2
1 = 1
1 2 1 2 = 144
n – 1 4
5 5
n–1 =4 (b) a = 16 , r = – 2 × 3 = – 1
n = 5 3 3 4 2
17500 1 – 1
3 1 24
5
16
5
S5 =
1
= 21 868 S∞ = 3 = 32
1 9
1–
5 1– –1 2 2
(c) a = 1200, r = 12 = 1 = 0.1 (c) a = 0.51, r = 0.0051 = 0.01
120 10 0.51
0.00012 = 1200(0.1)n − 1
0.0000001 = 0.1n − 1 S∞ = 0.51
0.1n − 1 = 0.17 1 – 0.01
n − 1 = 7 = 17
n=8 33
S8 = 1200[1 – 0.1 ]
8

1 – 0.1 21. (a) 0.8 + 0.08 + 0.008 + 0.0008 + …
= 1333.33
a = 0.8, r = 0.08 = 1
0.8 10
19. 1
S∞ = 0.8
(a) a = 1, r = 2 = 1 1– 1
1 2 10
Hasil tambah T7 hingga T12 = 8
9
= S12 – S6
(b) 0.132 + 0.000132 + …
11– 1
3 1 2 4 3 1
1 24
12 6
2
11–
2 a = 0.132, r = 0.000132 = 1
= − 0.132 1 000
1– 1 1 2 1– 1
1 2
2 2 S∞ = 0.132
1– 1
= 4 095 – 63 = 63 1 000
2 048 32 2 048 44
=
333

(c) 2.4 + 0.05 + 0.005 + 0.0005 + … (e) (i) r = 4 200 = 1.05

4 000
= 2 2 + 0.05
5 1 – 0.1 (ii) T10 = 4 000(1.05)9
= 2 41 = RM6 205.31
90
22. (a) m = 5m – 12

m–4 m
m2 = (5m – 12)(m – 4)
Praktis SPM 5
m2 = 5m2 – 20m – 12m + 48 Kertas 1
4m – 32m + 48 = 0
2
m2 – 8m + 12 = 0 1. (a) Sn = n (a + l)
(m – 6)(m – 2) = 0 2
m = 6 atau m = 2 (tidak diterima) Sm = k + 2 (a + 13)
or (not accepted) 2
Bila / When m = 6: 2, 6, 18, … \ m=k+2
r= 6 k = m – 2
2
(b) m > 1
= 3 k+2>1
T5 = 2(3)4 k > –1
= 162
2. a = T1 = S1 = 1 [18 – 8(1)]
2
(b) Tn = 2 n+3
a=5
a = T1 = 21 + 3
S2 = 2 [18 – 8(2)]
= 24 2
= 16 = 2
T2 = 22 + 3 T2 = S2 – S1
= 25 = 2 – 5
= 32 = –3
d = T2 – T1
r = 32
16 = –3 – 5
= 2 = –8
(c) T3 = ar2 = 12 …… (i) Tn = 5 + (n – 1)(–8)

T7 = ar6 = 192 …… (ii) = 5 + 8 – 8n
(ii) ÷ (i): r 4 = 16 Tn = 13 – 8n
r 4 = (2)4
\ r =2 3. T2 = ar , T3 = ar2
T3 − T2 = ar2 − ar = 30a
Gantikan nilai r dalam (i): a(2)2 = 12 r2 − r = 30
Replace r into (i) \ a =3 r − r − 30 = 0
2
(r − 6)(r + 5) = 0
(d) a = 16, r = 24 = 1.5 \ r = 6 , −5
16
16[(1.5) – 1)] . 2 000
n
1.5 – 1
1.5n . 63.5
n log 10
1.5 . log10 63.5
n . 10.24
\ n = 11

4. (a) 4 = 6n 1 = 2 : 5n + 55 = 7n + 41
2m 4 14 = 2n
2m = 16 → a= 8 n =7
6n 3n \ Jumlah simpanan mereka sama selepas 7 hari.
m= 4 Their total savings are the same after 7 days.
3n
r= 4 = 4 = 3n 8. (a) 18, 22, 26, k, …
4
2m 2
3n 1 2 2 Janjang itu ialah janjang aritmetik dengan
The progression is an arithmetic progression with
(b) S∞ = a a = 18, d = 22 – 18 = 4
1–r
(b) T4 = a + 3d
8
k = 18 + 3(4)
= 3n
∴ k = 30
1 – 3n1 2
2
8 (c) S10 = 10 [2(18) + 9(4)] = 360 atau
= × 2 2
3n 2 – 3n S10 = 360 (Sudut bagi putaran lengkap suatu
= 16 bulatan ialah 360°.)
6n – 9n2 (The angle of the complete cycle of a circle is 360°)
a1– 1
 1 2  Kertas 2
14
5. (a) 6.75 = 3
1– 1 1. Tinggi kuboid membentuk janjang aritmetik:
3 The height of cuboid forms an arithmetic progression:
a = 4.5
40, 38, 36, 34, …, dengan a = 40, d = −2
(b) T5 = 4.5 11 2 4
= 0.0556 (a) Tinggi kuboid ke-9, T9 = 40 + 8(−2)
3 Height of 9th cuboid = 24 cm
Isi padu kuboid ke-9 = 16 × 24
Volume of the 9th cuboid = 384 cm3
6. 6, 15, 24, …
a=6 (b) Jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang pertama
d = 15 – 6 = 9 Total volume of the first n cuboids
= (16 × 40)+ (16 × 38)+ (16 × 36)+ … + (16 × Tn)
Sn = n [2(6) + (n – 1)(9)] = 666 = 16 (40 + 38 + 36 + … + Tn)
2
n[12 – 9 + 9n] = 1 332 = 16 (Sn)
9n2 + 3n – 1 332 = 0 = 16 n (2(40) + (n – 1)(–2))
3 4
3n2 + n – 444 = 0 2
(3n + 37)(n – 12) = 0 = 16(41n – n2)
Diberi jumlah isi padu bagi n kuboid yang pertama
n = – 37 (tidak diterima) atau n = 12 Given the total volume of the first n cuboids
3 (not accepted) or = 5 280 cm3
\ n = 12 16(41n – n2) = 5 280
41n – n2 = 330
12 segi tiga sama sisi boleh dibentuk. n – 41n + 330 = 0
2
12 equilateral triangles can be formed. (n – 11)(n – 30) = 0
n = 11, 30
7. Ahmad: a = 60, d = 5 \ Ketinggian tidak boleh dalam negatif, maka
Tn = 60 + (n – 1)5 /The height cannot be negative, so
= 5n + 55 …… 1 n ≠ 30 kerana T30 , 0.
Jadi, n = 11.
Kumar: a = 48, d = 7
Tn = 48 + (n – 1)7
= 7n + 41 …… 2

2. (a) a = 10 2p − p = 50 p , d = p 2. a = 17, d = 13 − 17 = −4
 3  3 Tn = a + (n − 1)d
Tn = 18.4 2p − p = 92 p
 = 17 + (n − 1)( −4)
3 3 = −4n + 21
50 p + (n − 1)p = 92 p
3 3 –4n + 21 = –31
n−1 = 92 − 50 4n = 52
3 3 n = 13
n = 14 + 1 = 15
(b) S25 = 25 2 50 p −24p

  4 3. 4p + 9 – 2p = 3p + 15 – (4p + 9)
2 3
2p + 9 = –p + 6
= 2150 p 3p = –3
3
p = –1
3. (a) a = 1, d = 2
Sn = n [2(1)−(n − 1)(2)] 4. a = −15, d = −11 − (−15) = 4
2
= n (2n) n
S16 = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
= n2 16
= [2(–15) + 15(4)]
2
(b) S25 – S19 = 252 – 192
= 264 = 8(–30 + 60)
= 240
Maka, 264 segi empat sama perlu dicat warna
merah.
Therefore, 264 squares will be painted red. 5. a = 15, d = 23 – 15 = 8, Tn = 255
4. (a) a = 785, r = 0.992 255 = 15 + (n – 1)(8)
Tn =785(0.992)n − 1 255 – 15
n = +1
8
(b) Tn < 785 = 31
2
785(0.992)n − 1 < 392.5 31

S31 = [15 + 255]
(0.992)n − 1 < 0.5 2
(n − 1)log100.992 < log100.5 = 4 185
−0.003488(n − 1)< −0.3010
n − 1 . 86.30
n . 87.30 2 2 3
6. a = ,r=1÷ =
3 2
Maka, bilangan tahun yang minimum = 88 3
Therefore, the minumum number of years = 88 2 3 2 187
1 3 21 2 2
8
T9 = =
128
Praktis Ekstra SPM 5 7. a = 7, r = 7 = 3

21
1. a = 3 1 701 = (7)(3)n − 1
d=7–3=4 243 = (3)n − 1
(3)5 = (3)n – 1
T8= 3 + 7(4) n – 1 =5
= 31 n =6

8. a = –3, r = 6 = −2 (b) Jumlah simpanan / Total savings, S8

–3
= 50 000 11 + 100 2311 + 6 2 – 14
8
a(r n – 1) 6 100
Sn =
r–1 = RM524 565.80
–3[(–2)6 – 1]
S6 =
–2 – 1
= 63
Sn = a(r – 1)
n
r–1
1 x
P11 + 2311 + x 2 – 14
n
9. a = –5, r = –
5 100 100
–5 =
S∞ = 1+ x –1
1
1– – 1 5 2 100
1+ x
1 2
25 100 x n–1
=–
6 = P
x 311 + 100 2 4
100
= P11 + 100 2311 + x 2 – 14

n
10. Tn = 2n + 3 x 100
a = T1
2. (a) 24, 26, 28, …
= 21 + 3 a = 24, d = 2
= 24 n = 52
= 16 T52 = 24 + 51(2)
T2 = 22 + 3 = 126
= 25
= 32 (b) S32 = 52 (24 + 126)
2
32 = 3900
r=
16
(c) Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d] = 150
= 2 2
n[2(24) + (n – 1)2] = 300
n(48 + 2n – 2) = 300
Sudut KBAT 2n2 + 46n – 300 = 0
n2 + 23n – 150 = 0
1. (a) T1 = P + P1 x 2 a = 1, b = 23, c = –150
100
n = –23 ± √23 – 4(1)(–150)
2
= P11 + x 2 2(1)
100
n = 5.3 atau –28.3 (tidak diterima / not
T2 = P11 + x 2 × 11 + x 2 accepted)
100 100 Maka, mesin basuh yang ke-150 dijual selepas
= P11 + x
2
2
5.3 minggu iaitu pertengahan bulan Februari
100 2018.
T3 = P11 + x 2 Thus, the 150th washing machine sold after 5.3
3
100 weeks, that is in the middle of February 2018

Jawapan
Bab Hukum LInear (b) x 0 2 4 6 8
6 Linear Law y 3 7 11 15 19
y
20
1. (a) x –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 11 5 3 5 11 21 18
16
1
y
22 14
20 12
18 10
16
8
14
6
12
4
10
2
8
x
6 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 Satu hubungan linear kerana graf itu satu

garis lurus.
2 A linear relation because the graph is a straight line.
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 2. (a) Ya / Yes
Satu hubungan tak linear kerana graf itu satu (b) Ya / Yes
lengkung.
A non-linear relation because the graph is a curve. (c) Bukan / No
Dua titik di atas garis.
Two points above the line.
3. (a) m = 9 – 1 = 2
4–0
c =1
Maka / Therefore, y = 2x + 1
(b) m = 9 – 1 = 4
3 – (–3) 3
9 = 4 (3) + c
3
c =5
Maka / Therefore, y = 4 x + 5
3

(c) m = 2 – (–6) = – 4 (b) (i) y

–4 – 2 3
0.6
4
2 = – (–4) + c
3
c = 2 – 16 = – 10 0.5
3 3
Maka / Therefore, y = – 4 x – 10 0.4
3 3 0.36
4. (a) (i) 0.3
y
0.2
1.4
0.1
1.2
x
1.0 0 1 2 3 3.6 4 5
0.92
–0.1
0.8
–0.2
0.6
0.4 (ii) m = 0.57 – (–0.03) = 0.15

5–1
0.2 c = –0.18
y = 0.15x – 0.18
0 x (iii) Daripada graf, apabila y = 0.36.
0.1 0.20.24 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
From the graph, when y = 0.36.
(ii) m = 1.2 – 0 = –2 Maka / Thus, x = 3.6
0.1 – 0.7
c = 1.4 5. (a) (÷ x) y = –ax + b
y = –2x + 1.4 x
Y = y , X = x, m = –a, c = b
(iii) Daripada graf, apabila x = 0.24. Maka, y = x
0.92
From the graph, when x = 0.24. Thus, y = 0.92 (b) (× x2) x2y = bx3 – a
Y = x2y, X = x3, m = b, c = –a
(c) (× x) xy = px2 – q
Y = xy, X = x2, m = p, c = –q
(d) y = p x – q yx
x
y x = px – q
x
Y = mX + c O
\ m = p , c = −q

p (i)
ya = bx2
(e) y= log10 y
qx log10 ya = log10 bx2

p
log10 y = log10
qx x

a log10 y = log10 b + 2 log10 x
O
log10 y = (–log10 q)x + log10 p
log10 b
Y = mX + c log10 y = 2 log10 x +
a a
\ m = −log10 q , c = log10 p Y = mX + c
log10 b
(f) xy + ya = −bx \m= 2 ,c=
a a
1
y = –bx –
y log10 y
x+a
1 =– a – 1
y 1
bx b – log10 x
O x O
Y = mX + c
4–0
\ m = – a, c = – 1 6. (a) m =
0 – (–5)
b b
= 4
xp 5
(g) yq = c = 4
1 000
log10 yq = log10 xp
Y = mX + c
1 000

q log10 y = log10 xp – log10 103 y x = 4x + 4
5

log10 y = p log10 x – 3 \y = 4 x + 4

q q
5 x
Y = mX + c
\m= p ,c=– 3 (b) m= 9 – 3 = 1

q q 8 – (–4) 2
log10 y 9 = 1 (8) + c
2
c =5
O
log10 x Y = mX + c
1 = 1 x2 + 5
(h) y2 = abx y 2
1 = x2 + 10
log10 y2 = log10 abx y 2
2 log10 y = log10 a + x log10 b 2
y = 2
log10 b log10 a x + 10
log10 y = x+
2 2
(c) m = 6 – 2
Y = mX + c –2 – 0
= –2
log10 b log10 a
\m= ,c= c = 2
2 2
Y = mX + c
log10 y
log10 y = –2 log10 x + 2
x = log10 x –2 + log10 102
O
log10 y = log10 100
x2
\ y = 100
x2

(d) m = 14 – 2 = – 3 (c) y = 2x ⇒ 1 = 2 + 1
0–4 x+4 y x 2
c = 14 Gantikan (p, 0) : 0 = 2p + 1
Y = mX + c 2
\p=– 1
x + y = –3x2 + 14 4
y = –3x2 – x + 14 Gantikan (4, q) : q = 2(4) + 1
2
\ q = 81
(e) m= 4–2 2
3–1
= 1 (d) y = axb ⇒ log10 y = b log10 x + log10 a
y = mx + c melalui (3, 4)
m=b= 5 – 3
4 = 1(3) + c 2 – (–2)
c=1
\b= 1
2
Y = mX + c
Y = mX + c melalui (2, 5)
log4 y = (1) log4x + 1
log4 y = log4 4x 5 = 1 (2) + c
2
\ y = 4x c = log10 a = 4
\ a = 104d
(f) m = 4 – 1
3–0
= 1 8. (a) (i) x2 xy
c=1
1.00 11.20
Y = mX + c 2.25 9.45
log10 y = 1(x2) + 1 4.00 7.00
2+1
\ y = 10x 6.25 3.50
7. (a) y = x2 + k 9.00 0
h x
xy (ii) xy
= x3 + k
h 14
xy = hx3 + hk
Dengan / With Y = xy, X = x3, –q 12
ℎ = m = 6 – 4 = − 2
0–3 3 10
hk = c = 6
k− 2  = 6 8
3
k = −9
6
(b) xy − 8x = ℎ
xy = ℎ + 8x 4
y = h + 8 = ℎ 1  + 8
x x 2
Pada /At (7, 1):
1 = 7ℎ + 8 0
x2
2 4 6 8 10 12
ℎ = −1
k = −1(−2) + 8 –2
= 10

(iii) y = q – px (c) (i) y

x x x
xy = –px2 + q 1 0.007
Y = mX + c 3 0.017
m = –p = 11.2 – 0 6 0.031
1–9
10 0.056
\ p = 1.4
13 0.072
c = q
\ q = 12.6 21 0.118
(b) (i) (x + 2) (ii)

log10 y y
–
x
2 0.601
3 0.722
4 0.842 0.12
5 0.963
0.10
6 1.083
7 1.204
0.08
(ii)
log10 y
0.06
1.4
0.04
1.2
1.0 0.02
0.8
0 x
5 10 15 20 25
0.6
0.4
(iii) y = ax + bx2
y = bx + a
0.2 x
Y = mX + c
x+2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pintasan- 1 = 0
y
(iii) y = pq(x + 2) 1
-intercept
y
log10 y = (x + 2) log10 q + log10 p a=0
Y = mX + c
m = log10 q Kecerunan = 0.118 – 0
Gradient 21 – 0
= 1.204 – 0.601 b = 0.0056
7–2
log10 q = 0.1206
q = 100.1206
\ q = 1.32
c = log10 p = 0.36
p = 100.36
\ p = 2.29

(b)
Praktis SPM 6 log10 y
Kertas 1 2.0
1. y = qx – px2 1.8
x
× 1, y = q – px 1.6
x x2
y = −px + q 1.4
x2
c = q, c = 8k 1.2
q = 8k
1.0
k = q
8
y = qx – px2 0.8
x
1 y q 0.6
× 2, = –p
x x3 x
0.4
y
x3 1 2
=q 1 –p
x 0.2
c = –p, c = k – 2
–p =k–2 0 log10(x + 1)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
p =2–k
q (c) log10 y = log10 a(x + 1)b
p =2–
8 log10 y = b log10(x + 1) + log10a
2. (a) y = 8hx (i)

log10 a = c
log2 y = log2 8 + x(log2 h) log10 a = 0.13a
\ log2 y = (log2 h)x + 3 Y = mX + c = 1.349
(b) p = pintasan-y = 3 (ii) b = m

p = y-intercept = 3
b = 1.62 – 0.77
m = log2 h 0.63 –0.12
= 1.667
= 6 – 3
3–0 (iii) log10(x + 1) = log10(0 + 1) = 0
log2 h = 1 log10y = 0.13

\h=2 y = 1.349
Kertas 2 2. (a)
x 2 3 4 5.25 6.5 8
1. (a)
log10 (x + 1) 0.12 0.27 0.34 0.41 0.50 0.63 y2

x 8.99 8.50 8.00 7.44 6.74 5.90
log10 y 0.41 0.77 0.94 1.09 1.32 1.62

(b)
6
y2
–
x Praktis Ekstra SPM
10 1. y

9
15
8
10
16
7
5
6
3.2
5 x2
0 1 2 3 4
3
17 – 1
m =
3.8 – 0.6
2 16
=
3.2
1 = 5
c = –2
0 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 \ 
y = 5x2 – 2
(c) (i) Apabila x = 3.8, y = 8.1,
2
x
When 2. (i) m = 02 – e
\ y = 5.55 e –0
e
= – 2
(ii) m = 10 – 6 = – 1 ; c = 10 e
0–8 2 = –e –1
y = – 1 x + 10
2
Y = mX + c → c =e
x 2 \ y = –e –1 ln x + e
y2 = 10x – 1 x2
2 (ii) (a) 3e = –e –1 ln x + e
20x – x2

y2 = e ln x = –2e –1
2 ln x = –2e2
2
20x – x2 x = e –2e

y =
2
(b) y = –e –1 ln e3 + e
y = –3e –1 + e
y = px + q
2
3. xy
x
xy = px + q
2
x2
Y = mX + c O
\ Y = xy, X = x2
m=p,c=q


8. yqx =p
y = q(5)–rt
4. ln yqx = ln p
log10 y = log10 q + (–rt) log10 5
ln y + x ln q = ln p
log10 y = (–r log10 5)t + log10 q ln y = (–ln q)x + ln p
Y = mX + c Y = mX + c
\ Y = log10 y, X = t, m = –r log10 5, c = log10 q
2–1 1
m = 1 =– (1) + c
–1 – 1 2
4–0 1 3

5. m = =– c =
0 – (–5) 2 2
4
= 1 3
5 –ln q= – ln p =
2 2
c = 4 1 3
q = e 2 p = e2
Y = mX + c
4
y x = x+4 9. (a) x2
5 1 4 9 16 25 36
4 4 xy 2 2.4 4.0 5.6 7.8 10.4
\y =
+
5 x x
(b) xy
4–2
6. m = 12
3–1
= 1 10
y = mx + c melalui / passes through (3, 4)

8
4 = 1(3) + c
c =1 6
Y = mX + c
4
log4 y = (1) log4 x + 1
log4 y = log4 x + log4 4 2
log4 y = log4 4x
x2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
\ y = 4x
p
7. y = – q ⇒ xy = –qx + p
x q
(c) y = 3px +
4–2 4x
–q = q
–3 – (–1)
xy = 3px2 +
= –1 4
q =1 Daripada graf,
From the graph,
c=p 9 – 1.8
(i) 3p =
Y = mX + c melalui / passes through (–3, 4), 30 – 0
4 = –1(–3) + p = 0.24
p=1 p = 0.08
q
(ii) = 1.8
4
q = 7.2

10. (a) x 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 6.0 (ii) Daripada graf, y salah dicatat apabila
x = 3.5.
xy 6.8 10.5 18.0 19.3 29.5 39.5 From the graph, y is wrongly recorded when
x = 3.5.
xy
xy = 21.5
40 3.5y = 21.5
y = 6.14
35
30
Sudut KBAT
25
21.5 y = 6 – 4x2
20
y = 6 –4
x2 x2
15
y = 3 –2
10
2x2 x2
5 2x2
1 2
y =3 1 –2
x2
Y = mX + c
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ Y = y2
2x
\ X = 12
kh x
(b) y – h =
x
xy – xh = k
h
xy = hx + kh
Daripada graf,
From the graph,
(i) h = kecerunan / gradient
= 32.5 – 5
5 – 1.2
= 7.24
k
h = pintasan-xy
xy-intercept
k
7.24 = −4
k = −1.49

Jawapan
(c)
P(–5, 7)
Bab Geometri Koordinat
7 Coordinate Geometry
3
1. (a) QR = PR – PQ = 140 − 45 = 95 cm
(b) PQ : QR = 45 : 95
= 45 : 95
R
1
5 5
= 9 : 19 4
(c) (i) PQ : PR = 45 : 140 = 9 : 28

(iii) QR : PQ = 95 : 45 = 19 : 9
Q(9, –14)
2. (a) 3
P(2, 6)
R = 1 4(–5) + 3(9) , 4(7) + 3(–14) 2
2 3+4 3+4
R
= 1 7 , – 14 2
Q(12, 1) 7 7
= (1, –2)
R = 1 2(2) + 3(12) , 2(6) + 3(1) 2
3+2 3+2
3. (a) 3(k) + 2(1) = 7
= 1 40 , 15 2 2+3
5 5
3k + 2 = 35
= (8, 3) k = 11
(b) 3(7) + 2(h) = 5

Q(–7, 8) 2 2+3
2h + 21 = 25
h =2
1
R
(b) 1(h) + 2(8) = 5
P(8, 2) 1+2
R = 1 2(8) + 1(–7) , 2(2) + 1(8) 2 h + 16 = 15
2+1 2+1 h = –1
= 1 9 , 12 2 1(k) + 2(–5) = –2
3 3
= (3, 4) 1+2
k – 10 = –6
k =4

4. 2
(i) m : n = PSy : QSy
= 6 – (–6) : 9 – 6
R(3k, 2p) = 12 : 3
3
m:n=4:1
Q(k, p)
P(h, 2h)
(ii) 4(–9) + 1(–4) = k
4+1
3(3k) + 2h , 3(2p) + 2(2h) –40 = k
1 3+2 3+2 2 = (k, p) 5
6p + 4h k = –8
=p
5
6. (a) m1 = 3 y = –3x + 2
h = –p
p 4 m2 = –3
Gantikan nilai h = – ,
Replace value of h
4 m1 ≠ m2, dua garis lurus itu tidak selari.
9k + 2h =k the two straight lines are not parallel.
5
9k + 21– p 2 (b) y = 5x + 8 y = 5x – 3
4 =k 2
5 m1 = 5 m2 = 5
9k – p = 5k m1 = m2, dua garis lurus itu adalah selari.
2
the two straight lines are parallel.
k = p
8
(c) y = 1 x – 8 m2 = 1
5. (a) 3 3 3
n
m1 = 1
3
H(10, 11)
m1 = m2, dua garis lurus itu adalah selari.
m the two straight lines are parallel.
K(1, 5)
G(–5, 1) 7. (a) ky = –3x + 2 2y = –x + 7

y = – 3 x + 2 y =– 1x+ 7
m(10) + n(–5) , m(11) + n(1) = (1, 5) k k 2 2
m+n 1 m+n 2 3 1
m1 = – m2 = –
10m – 5n = 1 k 2
m+n Dua garis adalah selari,
10m – 5n = m + n The two straight lines are parallel,
9m = 6n m1 = m2
m = 6 – 3 = – 1
n 9 k 2
k = 6
= 2
3
(b) 4y = –kx + 1 5y = x + 8
m:n=2:3
y = – x + k 1 y = 1x+ 8
4 4 5 5
(b) n
m1 = – k m2 = 1
4 5
Q(–9, 9)
Dua garis adalah selari,
m
S(k, 6) The two straight lines are parallel,
m1 = m2
– k = 1
P(–4, –6) 4 5
k = – 4
5

8. (a) 4x – 2y – 9 = 0 10. (a) 2y = –x + 10

2y = 4x – 9 y = – 1 x + 5
2
y = 2x – 9
2 m1 = – 1
Kecerunan / Gradient = 2 2
Persamaan garis lurus ialah Kedua-dua garis adalah berserenjang,
Equation of straight line is Both straight lines are perpendicular.
y – 7 = 2[x – (–2)] m1m2 = –1
y – 7 = 2x + 4 – 1 m2 = –1
y = 2x + 11 2
m2 = 2
(b) 4y = 6x + 5 Persamaan garis lurus ialah
The equation of the straight line is
y = 3x+ 5
y – (–5) = 2(x – 3)
2 4
y + 5 = 2x – 6
Kecerunan / Gradient = 3 y = 2x – 11
2
Persamaan garis lurus ialah
Equation of straight line is (b) y = 4x + 3
m1 = 4
y – (–3) = 3 (x – 6) Kedua-dua garis adalah berserenjang,
2
Both straight lines are perpendicular.
y + 3 = 3 x – 9 m1m2 = –1
2
4m2 = –1
y = 3 x – 12
2 m2 = – 1
4
9. (a) y = –6x + 2 6y = x – 1 Persamaan garis lurus ialah
m1 = –6 y = 1x– 1 The equation of the straight line is
6 6
1 y – 12 = – 1 (x – 2)

m2 = 4
6
m1m2 = –61 1 2 y – 12 = – 1 x + 1

6 4 2
= –1 y = – x +1 25
Kedua-dua garis lurus itu adalah berserenjang. 4 2
Both straight lines are perpendicular.
11. (a) 5 – 11
m1=
(b) y = 3x + 8 y = 1x–3 –3 – (–1)
3
m1 = 3 = –6
m2 = 1 –2
3 = 3
m1m2 = 31 1 2 m1m2= –1
3
=1 3m2= –1
Kedua-dua garis lurus itu tidak berserenjang. m2= – 1
Both straight lines are not perpendicular. 3
Titik tengah EF = 1 –1 + (–3) , 11 + 5 2

Midpoint EF
2 2
= (–2, 8)

Persamaan pembahagi dua sama serenjang 0 1 5 3 0

ialah (c) Luas = 1
Area 2 3 1 8 10 3
Equation of the perpendicular bisector is
1
= u(0 + 8 + 50 + 9) – (3 + 5 + 24 + 0)u
y – 8 = – 1 [x – (–2)] 2
3
y–8 =– 1x– 2 = 1 u67 – 32u
3 3 2
= 17.5 unit2
y = – x + 22
1
3 3
8 5 0 4 8
(d) Luas = 1
(b) m1 = 2 – (–3) Area 2 0 7 –2 –3 0
5–2 1
5 = u(56 – 10 + 0 + 0) – (0 + 0 – 8 – 24)u
= 2
3
m1m2 = –1 = 1 u46 – (–32)u
2
5 m = –1 = 39 unit2
3 2
m2 = – 3 13. (a) Luas ∆ABC = 10
5
1 –6 2 k –6
= 10
Titik tengah GH = 1 2 + 5 , –3 + 2 2 2 5 3 4 5
2 2
Midpoint GH u(–18 + 8 + 5k) – (10 + 3k – 24)u = 20

7
=1 ,– 2 1
2 2 u5k – 10 – 3k + 14u = 20
|2k + 4u = 20
Persamaan pembahagi dua sama serenjang
ialah 2k + 4 = 20 atau 2k + 4 = –20
Equation of the perpendicular bisector is
2k = 16 or 2k = –24
y – 1– 1 2 = – 3 1x – 7 2 k =8 k = –12
2 5 2
y+ 1 3
=– x+ 21
2 5 7 2
2 5 10 (b) Luas ∆PQR = 1
Area 2 3 9 13 3
y =– x+ 8
3
5 5 1
= u(18 + 65 + 21) – (15 + 63 +
26)u 2
12. 2 8 6 2
(a) Luas = 1
Area 2 3 5 9 3 = 1 u104 – 104u
2
= 1 u(10 + 72 + 18) – (24 + 30 + 18)u =0
2
Maka, P, Q dan R adalah segaris.
= 1 u100 – 72u Thus, P, Q and R are collinear.
2
= 14 unit2
14. (a) Katakan titik P ialah (x, y).
Let point P is (x, y).
–3 5 4 –3
(b) Luas = 1 PA = 6
Area 2 –2 0 8 –2
Persamaan lokus bagi titik P ialah
= 1 u(0 + 40 – 8) – (–10 + 0 – 24)u
2 Equation of locus of point P is
= 1 u32 + 34u 
[x – (–2)]2 +
(y – 4)2 = 6
2 (x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 = 36
= 33 unit2
x + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16 – 36 = 0
2
x2 + y2 + 4x – 8y – 16 = 0

(b) Katakan titik P ialah (x, y).

PC = PD
Equation of locus of point P is

[x – (–3)]2 
+ (y – 8)2 = 
(x – 9)2 + [y 
– (–2)]2
(x + 3)2 + (y – 8)2 = (x – 9)2 + (y + 2)2
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 16y + 64 = x2 – 18x + 81 + y2 + 4y + 4
24x – 20y – 12 =0
6x – 5y – 3 =0
(c) Katakan titik P ialah (x, y).

PA = 2PB
Persamaan lokus bagi P ialah
√(x – 4)2 + (y – 5)2 = 2√[x – (–6)]2 + (y – 5)2
(x – 4)2 + (y – 5)2 = 4[(x + 6)2 + (y – 5)2]
x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 – 10y + 25 = 4(x2 + 12x + 36 + y2 – 10y + 25)
x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 – 10y + 25 = 4x2 + 48x + 144 + 4y2 – 40y + 100
3x2 + 3y2 + 56x – 30y + 203 =0
(d) Katakan titik P ialah (x, y).

AP = AQ
Persamaan lokus bagi P ialah
√(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = √[2 – (–2)]2 + (3 – 0)2
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16 + 9
x – 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9
2
= 25
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 =0
(b)
Praktis SPM 7 C(h, k)
Kertas 1 2
1. (a) AB = √(6 + 2)2 + (–1 – 5)2

= √64 + 36
= 10 unit 1
B(–2, 5)
A(6, –1)

(–2, 5) = 1 2(6) + 1(h) , 2(–1) + 1(k) 2

Jadi / So, mBC = –2
3 3 C = (0, k)
12 + h –2 + k k − 0 = −2
= –2 =5
3 3 0−3
12 + h = –6 –2 + k = 15 k=6
h = –18 k = 17 (b) Katakan / Let A = (x, 6)
\ C = (–18, 17) x − 2(6) = 3
x = 15
2. (a) Pintasan-y / y-intercept = 8 Maka / Therefore, A = (15, 6)
k
8 (c) Luas DABC / Area of DABC
q= 0 3 15 0
k = 1
k = 8q 2 6 0 6 6
= 1 |0 + 18 + 90 − 18 − 0 − 0|
2
(b) Kecerunan / Gradient = 4 = 45 unit2
k
–r – 0 = 4
0–p k
r = 4 2. (a) Jejari / Radius, AB = √(1 – 2)2 + (2 + 1)2

p k = √1 + 9 = √10
4p PA = √10
r =
k √(x – 2)2 + (y – (–1)2 = √10
3. (a) mac = mAD (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 − 10 = 0
13 – 1 = 12 – 0 x2 − 4x + 4 + y2 + 2y + 1 − 10 = 0
4–0 5a – a x2 + y2 − 4x + 2y − 5 = 0
a=1
(b) R(3, q): x = 3, y = q
(b) DA : AE = 3 : 2 9 + q2 – 12 + 2q – 5 = 0
Jadi / Then, q2 + 2q – 8 = 0
3x + 2(5) = 1 q = 2, q = –4

3+2
x =− 5 (c) mAB × mBC = –1
3 –1 – 2
1 2 – 1 2 × mBC = –1
Juga / Also,
–3 × mBC = –1
3y + 2(12) = 0
3+2 mBC = 1
y = −8 3
Maka / Therefore, E = − 5 ,−82 Persamaan BC / Equation of BC

3
y – 2 = 1 (x – 1)
3
3y – 6 = x – 1
Kertas 2
3y = x + 5
1. (a) Katakan / Let B = (x, 0) Pada C / At C, y = 0.
x − 2(0) = 3 x + 5 = 0
x=3 x = –5
Dari / From x – 2y = 3,
\ C(–5, 0)
mAB = 1
2

Luas ∆ABC / Area of ∆ABC Dua garis adalah selari, / The two straight lines are
parallel,
u
= 1 2 1 –5 2
2 –1 2 0 –1 u m1 = m2
k 1
= 1 z(4 + 0 + 5) – (–1 – 10 + 0)z –
4
=
5
2
4
= 1 z9 – (–11)z k = –
5
2
= 1 z20z
4. kx + 5y = 3 2y – 5x = 6
2 5y = –kx + 3 2y = 5x + 6
= 10 unit2 k 3 5
y = – x + y= x + 3
5 5 2
k 5
m1 = – m2 =
Praktis Ekstra SPM 7 5 2
Kedua-dua garis adalah berserenjang, maka / Both
the lines are perpendicular, hence
1 
4(–5) + 3(9) 4(7) + 3(–14) k 5
1. R = ,
3+4 3+4 1– 5 2 1 2 2= –1
=1 ,–
7
7 14 k=2
7
= (1, –2)
5 – 11
2. B(10, 11)
5. m1=
n –3 – (–1)
–6
m M(1, 5) =
–2
A(–5, 1)
= 3
m(10) + n(–5) m(11) + n(1) m1m2= –1
1 m+n
,
m+n
= (1, 5)2 3m2= –1
1
10m – 5n 11m + n m2= –
1 m+n
,
m+n 2
= (1, 5) 3
–1 + (–3) 11 + 5
Titik tengah EF = 1
2 2
10m – 5n ,
=1 2
m+n Midpoint EF
= (–2, 8)
10m – 5n
=m+n
10m – m
= n + 5n Persamaan pembahagi dua sama serenjang ialah
= 6n 9m Equation of the perpendicular bisector is
1
6 m y–8 =– [x – (–2)]
= 3
9 n
2 1 2
= y–8 =– x–
3 3 3
1 22
\m:n =2:3 y =– x+
3 3
3. kx + 4y = 1
5y – x = 8
4y = –kx + 1 5y = x + 8
k 1 1 8
y = – x + y = x+
4 4 5 5
k 1
m1 = – m2 =
4 5

6. Luas sisi empat PQRS

Area of quadrilateral PQRS
1 0 1 5 3 0
2 3 
=
1 8 10 3
1
= |(0 + 8 + 50 + 9) – (3 + 5 + 24 + 0)|
2
1
= |67 – 32|
2
= 17.5 unit2
1 2 5 7 2
7. Luas ∆PQR =
2 3 9 13 3
Area
1
= u(18 + 65 + 21) – (15 + 63 + 26)u
2
1
= u104 – 104u
2
=0
Maka, P, Q dan R adalah segaris.
Thus, P, Q and R are collinear.
AP = 1
8. 2AP = PB PB 2
2√(x – 4)2 + (y – 6)2 = √(x – 2)2 + [(y – (–6)]2

4(x – 8x + 16 + y2 – 12y + 36)
2
= x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 12y + 36
4x2 – 32x + 64 + 4y2 – 48y + 144 = x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 12y + 36
3x2 + 3y2 – 28x – 60y + 168 =0
9. Katakan titik P ialah (x, y).

PA = 6

[x – (–2)]2 +
(y – 4)2 = 6
(x + 2)2 + (y – 4)2 = 36
x + 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16 – 36 = 0
2
x2 + y2 + 4x – 8y – 16 = 0
10. (i) 3AP = 2PB

9[(x – 2) + (y – 4)2] = 4[(x – 5)2 + (y – 1)2]
2
9(x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 8y + 16) = 4(x2 – 10x + 25 + y2 – 2y + 1)

9x2 – 36x + 36 + 9y2 – 72y + 144 = 4x2 – 40x + 100 + 4y2 – 8y + 4
5x2 + 5y2 + 4x – 64y + 76 = 0

(ii) menyilang paksi-x ⇒ y = 0

intersects at x-axis
5x2 + 5(0)2 + 4x – 64(0) + 76 = 0
5x2 + 4x + 76 = 0

b2 – 4ac = (4)2 – 4(5)(76)
= –1 504 , 0
Tiada punca nyata. Maka, lokus titik P tidak menyilang paksi-x.
There are no real roots. Therefore, the locus of point P does not intersect the x-axis.
Sudut KBAT
(a) Katakan P(x, y)

PQ = 2 × jarak SRT dengan P

(x – 6)2 + (y 
– 5)2 = 2
[x – (–4)]2
(x – 6)2 + (y – 5)2 = 4(x + 4)2
x2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 10y + 25 = 4(x2 + 8x + 16)
x + y – 12x – 10y + 61 – 4x2 – 32x – 64 = 0
2 2
–3x2 + y2 – 44x – 10y – 3 = 0

3x2 – y2 + 44x + 10y + 3 = 0
(b) Pada paksi-x, y = 0

At x-axis, y = 0
3x2 – (0)2 + 44x + 10(0) + 3 = 0
3x2 + 44x + 3 = 0
a = 3, b = 44, c = 3
b2 – 4ac = 442 – 4(3)(3)
= 1 900 > 0
b2 – 4ac > 0
Lokus itu menyilang paksi-x pada dua titik.
The locus intersects the x-axis at two points.

Jawapan
5. (a) → →
(i) MN dan / and KL adalah selari / are
Bab Vektor
parallel.
8 Vectors
→ 1 →
MN = KL
3
1. (a) → → →
1
OA =a (ii) CD dan / and GH adalah selari / are parallel.
~
→ → → →
OB = – BO = – b CD = −2GH
~
→ → →
OD = d
~ (iii) ST dan / and PQ adalah selari / are parallel.
→ → → →
OC = – CO = – c ST = 3 PQ
~
(b) →
KL = q 6. →
→
~
→ (a) PQ = 5 (4 ~a)
KN = – NK = – p 2
~ → 5 →
→ PQ = PR
MN = ~r 2
→ → → →
LM = –ML = – ~s \ PQ adalah selari dengan PR , dengan P
ialah titik sepunya.
→ →
\ PQ is parallel to PR , with P is common point.
2. (a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Titik P, Q dan R adalah segaris.
P C Points P, Q and R are collinear.
H
a 2
~ E –a
3~ → →
–2a 7. (a) PQ = z KL
Q ~ G
5
4a~ − 6b~ = 2za~ + 3zhb~
– –a
B 3~ Jadi / So, 2z = 4
1
–a z=2
3~ A D
Juga / Also, 3zℎ = −6
F
3(2)ℎ = −6
3. (a) ~s = w ℎ = −1
~
t~ = ~
v
→ →
a= c (b) KL = z PQ
~ ~
hx − 2y = zha − 2xy
~ ~r
b =
Jadi / So, −2z = 3
4. (a) → z =− 3
(i) AB = – 1 ~ a 2
2 Juga / Also, zℎ = 6
→
(ii) CD = 1 1 ~a − 3ℎ =6
2 2
→ ℎ = −4
(iii) QS = 7b
~
→
(iv) RQ = –5b ~
→
(v) SR = –2b ~

8. (a) → → →
(c) (i) JK – (–KM) = JM
→ → →
2a+b (ii) KN – (– NP ) = KP
~ ~
b
→ → →
~ 0
(iii) JL + LN + NJ = ~
→ → → →
(iv) KM + MP + PJ = KJ
2a
~
→
(d) (i) b – ~c / QS
~
(b) → → →
3 (ii) SR + RQ + QP = ~c – ~
b–~
a
—a
2 ~
→ →
(iii) PQ + QR = ~ a+~ b
3 → →
—a–b –b (iv) QR + RS = ~ b – ~c
2 ~ ~
11. → → → → →
(a) (i)AB = AO + OB = –AO + OB
a+~
= −2 ~ b
→ → → → →
9. (a) = (6 – 5)m (ii) OC = OA + AC = OA + 3 AB
~ + (–3 – 2)n
~ = 2~a + 3(−2 ~ a+~ b)
=m~ – 5n~ a + 3~b
= −4 ~
(b) = (8 + 1)p + (–3 – 2)q → → → → →
~ ~ (iii) DA = DC + CA = – CD + (– AC )
= 9p – 5q → →
~ ~ = – CD + (–3 AB )
a − 3~
= −( ~ b ) − 3(−2 ~
a+~
b)
1 2 2 1
(c) 2 – 1 ~s + 3 + 5 ~t
4 2 = 5~a
3
= ~s + 23 t → → →
2 4 ~ (b) (i) x + y
ST = SP + PT = − ~
~
= 1 1 ~s + 5 3 ~t → → → →
2 4 (ii) PQ = PU + UQ = 2 y + 2 RQ
~ 3
→
(d) = (3 – 7)x = 2 y + 2 (3RU)
~ + (–4 – 5)y
~ ~ 3
= –4x
~ – 9y
~ = 2 y + 2 1 ( ~
~ 21x– 3y)
~ 2
10. → = ~ x − y
(a) (i) PR ~
→
(ii) SQ (c) → → →
(a) (i) BE = BA + AE
→
(iii) QS = −6y + 2 ~ x
~
→
(iv) SQ → → → → 1 →
(ii) AD = AB + BD = AB + BC
3
→ 1 → →
(b) (i) JL = 6y + ( BA + AC )
~ 3
→ 1
(ii) KM = 6y + (−6y + 4 ~ x)
~ 3 ~
→ 4
(iii) JM = 4y + ~ x
~ 3
→
(iv) KJ
→
(v) LK

→ → 3 –2
(b) (i) BF = h BE
= h(−6y + 2 ~ x)
(iii) 4a ~=4
~ + 2b 1 –4 2 + 21 5 2
~
12 –4
= −6hy + 2h ~
~
x
= 1 –16 2 + 1102
→ →
8
(ii) FD = kAD = 1 2 = 8~i – 6 j
–6 ~
1 2
4
= k 4y + ~ x
~ 3
14. →
4 (a) PQ
= 4ky + k ~x
→ →
~ 3 = PO + OQ
→ →
= OQ – OP
12. B(5, 5) = 5 ~i + 9 j – (3 ~i + 4 j )
~ ~
5
1 2
→ = 2 ~i + 5 j
OB = ~
5
→ →
OB = 5i + 5 j (b) RQ
→ →
= RO + OQ
D(−6, −2) → →
= OQ – OR
–6
1 2
→
OD = = 5 ~i + 9 j – (–2 ~i + 7 j )
–2 ~ ~
→ = 7 ~i + 2 j
OD = −6i − 2 j ~
15. →
(a)  CD  = 62 + (–8)2 = 10
C(−3, 4)
Vektor unit / Unit vector
–3
1 2
→
OC = = 1 (6~i – 8 j )
4
10 ~
→
OC = −3i + 4 j
= 3 ~i – 4 j
5 5~
E(3, −3)
→
3 (b)  EF  = 52 + 62 = 61
1 2
→
OE =
–3 →
Vektor unit pada arah EF
→ →
OE = 3i − 3 j Unit vector in the direction of EF
1
3 –2 = (5 ~i + 6 j )
13. (a) (i) a + 3b =
~ ~ –4 1 2 1 2
+3
5 61 ~
5 6
3 –6 = i + j
= 1 –4 2 + 1152 61 ~ 61 ~
–3
1112 = –3~i + 11~j
→
= (c) GH = 82 + (–15)2 = 17
→
Vektor unit pada arah GH
3 –2
(ii) 2a
~ – 5b 1 2 1 2
~ = 2 –4 – 5 5
→
Unit vector in the direction of GH
8
6 –10
=
–8 1 2 1 2
–
25 = 1
17
8
–15 1 2
=
17
16 – 15
=
–331 2= 16~i – 33 j
~
17
= 8 i – 15 j
17 ~ 17 ~

16. → → (e) (i) b = 2 ~i + 7 j + 5( ~i − 3 j )

a + 5~
(a) GH = λ KL ~ ~ ~
j = λ((2p + 1) ~i − 6 j ) = 7 ~i − 8 j
~i + 3 ~ ~
~
= (2p + 1)λ ~i − 6λ j (ii) 7 ~i − 8 j  = 72 + (–8)2 = 113
~ ~
3 = − 6λ , 1 = (2p + 1)λ
Vektor unit pada arah 7 ~i − 8 j
~
λ=− 1
2
1 = (2p + 1) − 1
2 1 2 unit vector in the direction of 7 ~i – 8 j .
1
~
−2 = 2p + 1 = (7 ~i − 8 j )
113 ~
p=− 3
2
→ → → → →
→ → (f) (i) CD = CO + OD = − OC + OD
(b) PQ = λ RS
= −(8 ~i − 3 j ) + (5 ~i + 4 j )
12~i − 20 j = λ(3~i + h j ) ~ ~
~ ~ = −3 ~i + 7 j
~
= 3λ~i + hλ j
~ →
(ii)  CD  = (–3)2 + 72 = 58
12 = 3λ , −20 = hλ →
λ=4 −20 = 4h Vektor unit pada arah CD
→
h = −5 Unit vector in the direction of CD .
1
4 –4 = (–3 ~i + 7 j )
1 2 1 2
→ → ~
(c) (i) QO = −OQ = − = 58
2 –2
→ → →
(ii) QP = QO + OP
–4 –8 –12
Praktis SPM 8
=
–2
+
6
= 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 Kertas 1
→
 QP  = √(–12)2 + 42 = √160 → →
1. (a) |– BO| = | OB|
→
Vektor unit pada arah QP = 32 + 42
→
Unit vector in the direction of QP . = 5 unit
→ → →
1 2
12 (b) (i) AB = –OA + OB
–
–12 √160 = – a + b
1 2
1 ~ ~
= =
√160 4 4 = b – a
~ ~
√160 → → →
(ii) OD = OB + BD
–3 3 → →
1 2 1 2
→ →
(d) (i) RO = − OR = − = = OB + 2 BA
5 –5 → →
= OB + 2(– AB)
→ → →
(ii)
RS = RO + OS = b + 2( a – b )
~ ~ ~
3 –8 –5 = 2 a – b
=
–5
+ 1 2 1 2 1 2
–7
=
–12
~ ~
→
 RS  = (–5)2 + (–12)2 = 13 5 2 8
Vektor unit pada arah RS
→
2. (a) (i) 2a – b = 2 1 –3 2 – 1–122 = 1 6 2
→ (ii) 2a – b = 82 + 62 = 10
Unit vector in the direction of RS .
4
1 2 1
5
– 1 8
=
1 –5
1 2 =
13 Vektor unit / Unit vector =
10 6 1 2= 5
3
13 –12 12
– 5
13

(b) C(4, 3) → → →
5. (a) ON = 2OB + (– OC) = 2y – ~
x
→ → → ~
DE = OE – OD
→ → →
= –2i – (ri – 4j) (b) NM + 2 OC = OD
→ → →
= (–2 – r)i + 4j NM = OD – 2 OC
→ → → = y – 2x ~
EC = OC – OE ~
= 4i + 3j – (–2i) N
= 6i + 3j
DE//EC
D
4 3
=
–2 – r 6
8 = –2 – r y
C
~
r = –10
x
M ~
→ O
DE 1
3. (a) → =
2
EC
→ → Kertas 2
EC = 2 DE
= 2(6 u ) = 12 u
~ ~ → → →
1. (a) (i) BC = BA + AC
→ → → → →
(b) ET = EC + CT = – AB + AC
1→ = −4 b + 6 a
= 12 u + CA ~ ~
~ 2
1 → → → → →
= 12 u + ( CD + DA) (ii) AD = AC + CD
~ 2
1→
1 = 6 a + CB
= 12 u + (18 u + (–5 v )) ~ 2
~ 2 ~ ~
5 1→
= 12 u + 9 u – v = 6 a – BC
~ ~ 2~ ~ 2
5 1
= 21 u – v = 6 a – (–4 b + 6 a )
~ 2~ ~ 2 ~ ~
= 3a + 2b
~ ~
→
4. PQ = 3 v + k w →
~ ~ (b) BF = n( a – 4 b )
→ → 3 8 ~ ~
1 2 1 2
OQ – OP = 3
–2
+k
4
→
→ →
BA + AF = n( a – 4 b )
→ ~ ~
10 9 + 8k
1 2 1 2 1 2
m – AB + mAD = n( a – 4 b )
– = ~ ~
h 4 –6 + 4k –4 b + m(3 a + 2 b ) = n( a – 4 b )
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
10 – m 9 + 8k
1 2 1 2
–4 b + 3m a + 2m b = n a – 4n b
= ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
h–4 –6 + 4k 3m a + (2m – 4) b = n a – 4n b
~ ~ ~ ~
10 – m = 9 + 8k h – 4 = –6 + 4k Bandingkan / Compare:
8k = 1 – m h = –2 + 4k 3m = n , 2m – 4 = –4n
1 2
1–m 1–m Gantikan n = 3m → 2m – 4 = –4n
k = h = –2 + 4
8 8 Replace 2m – 4 = –4(3m)
1 m 14m = 4
h = –2 + –
2 2
4 2
–m – 3 m= =
h= 14 7
2
1 2
2 6
n=3 =
7 7

→ 4 → →
(c) AF = k a + b = mAD 3. (a) RS = hu
~ + k~
v
~ 7~
4 2 = h( ~i + 5 ~j ) + k(2 ~i – 4 ~j )
k a + b = (3 a + 2 b )
~ 7~ 7 ~ ~ = (h + 2k) ~i + (5h – 4k) ~j
4 6 4
k a + b = a + b
~ 7~ 7~ 7~ → → →
RS = RO + OS
Bandingkan / Compare: → →
= OS – OR
6
k = = (5 ~i +2 ~j ) – (–3 ~i + 4 ~j )
7
= 8i – 2j
→ → → Jadi / So, ℎ +2k = 8
2. (a) (i) OC = OA + AC
2 → → ℎ = 8 − 2k ………
= OQ + h AP Juga / Also,5ℎ − 4k = −2 ………
3
2 → →  → :
= (12 x ) + h( OP – OA)
3 ~ 5(8 − 2k) − 4k = −2
= 8 x + h(8 y – 8 x ) −14k = −42
~ ~ ~
= 8 x + 8h y – 8h x k =3
~ ~ ~
= (8 – 8h) x + 8h y ℎ = 8−2(3)
~ ~
→ → → = 2
(ii) OC = OB + BC
→
3 → → (b) u RS u = √82 + (–2)2
= OP + k BQ
4 = √68
3 → →
= (8 y ) + k(OQ – OB) = 2√17
4 ~ Vektor unit / Unit vector
= 6 y + k(12 x – 6 y )
~ ~ ~ 8 4
1 2 1 2
1 1
= 12k x + (6 – 6k) y = =
~ ~ 2√17 –2 √17 –1
(b) Bandingkan / Compare:
8 – 8h = 12k ; 8h = 6 – 6k → → →
2 – 2h = 3k … 1 3 – 4h = 3k … 2 4. (a) (i) QA = QP + PA
2 – 1: 1 – 2h = 0 = – ~ a + 2~
b
1
h= → 2 →
2 (ii) QB = QP
1 5
Gantikan / Replace h = ke dalam / into 1;
2 = (–a)
2
5
1 2
1
2–2 = 3k
2 =– 2~a
1 = 3k 5
1 →
k= (b) QA = – ~
a + 2~
b
3
→ = –3~i + 2(~i – 3 j )
(c) uOQu = u12 x u = u12(1)u = 12 ~
~ = –~i – 6 j
→ ~
u OPu = u8 y u = u8(2)u = 16
~ →
QA = (–1)2 + (–6)2
→
uOAu =
3 u
2 →
OQ = u u
2
3 u
(12) = 8
= 37
→
u APu = √82 + 162 = √320 = 8√5 = 6.08 unit
→ 1 → 1
\ u ACu = u APu = (8√5) = 4√5
2 2

→ → 9: 9 : 9 : 9: 9 :
(c) QC = mQA = m(– ~ a + 2~b ) = –m ~
a + 2m ~b 4. (i) AB = AO + OB = –OA + OB
a +~
= −2 ~ b
→ → → 3
CB = n( RP + PB ) = n(–10 ~ b+ ~ a)
9
: 9 : 9 : 9 : 9:
5
3 (ii) OC = OA + AC = OA + 3AB
= n~ a – 10n ~
b a + 3(−2 ~
= 2~ a +~
b)
5
→ → → a + 3~
= −4 ~ b
2 3
QC = QB + BC = – ~ a – n~ a + 10n ~
b
5 5 9: 9 : 9 : 9: 9:
(iii) DA = DC + CA = –CD + –AC 
1 9: 9:
= (–2 – 3n) ~ a + 10n ~
b
= –CD + –3AB 
5
a − 3~
= −( ~ b ) − 3(−2 ~
a +~
b)
1 a
= 5~
Oleh itu, (–2 – 3n) = –m ...................a
5
10n = 2m 9
: 9 : 9 :
5. (i) AC = AD + DC
1
n = m .................b
5
= ~r + ~s
9: 9 : 9 :
Gantikan b ke dalam a, (ii) DB = DA + AB
Replace b into a,
= – ~r + ~s
1 3 9: 9: 19 :
1
–2 – m = –m
5 5 2 (iii) CX = CB + BA
2
22 2 1
m= = – ~r – ~s
25 5 2
5 9: 9 : 9 :
m= (iv) XD = XA + AD
11
1
1 = – ~s + ~r
n= 2
11
9:
6. GH  = 82 + (–15)2 = 17
9
:
Vektor unit pada arah GH
Praktis Ekstra SPM 8 9:
Unit vector in the direction of GH
8
: 1:
1. HI = –2n
~
, ⇒ n = – HI
~ 2 =
1 8
1 
17 –15
=
17
15
 2
: 1: – 17
IK = –4 – HI
2
: 8 15
= 2HI = i – j
17 ~ 17 ~
: :
Maka, HI dan IK adalah selari. Titik-titik H, I dan 9:
K adalah segaris kerana I ialah titik sepunya. 7. Vektor unit dalam arah PQ
→ → 9:
Hence, HI and IK are parallel. Points H, I and K are Unit vector in the direction of PQ
collinear as I is the common point. –3~i – 3 j
= ~
2. 8 p – 3 q + p – 2 q 
(–3)2 + (–3)2
~ ~ ~ ~
= (8 + 1) p + (–3 – 2) q –3~i – 3 j
~ ~ ~
= 9p – 5q =
~ ~ 32
3. (5m + 6)a = (2n + 4) b 1 1

~ ~ = – i – j
2 ~ 
 2 ~
5m + 6 = 0 2n + 4 = 0
5m = –6 2n = –4
6
m=– n = –2
5

8. (i) ~
a + 5~
b = 2~i + 7 j + 5~i − 3 j 

~
= 7~i − 8 j
~ Sudut KBAT
~
(ii) 7~i − 8 j  = 72 + (–8)2 = 113 a 1
~
Vektor unit
1. 1 b 2 = k 1 –3 2
unit vector k = a, –3k = b
1 b = –3a
= 7~i − 8~j
113 Magnitud = √a2 + b2
Magnitude
9: 9: √250 = √a2 + (–3a)2
9. PQ = kPR
9: 9 : 9: 9 : √10a2 = √250
PO + OQ = kPO + OR 
10a2 = 250
− m5  +  23  = k− m5  + –7n  a2 = 25
a = ±5
 2 –2– m  = k n–12
–m
 Apabila / When a = 5, b = –3(5)
−2 = −12k = –15
1 Apabila / When a = –5, b = –3(–5)
k= 6
= 15
1 Memandangkan a . 0,
2 – m = 6 (n – m) It is seen that a  0,
12 – 6m = n – m Maka / Thus, a = 5 dan b = –15
5m = 12 – n
1
m = 5 (12 – n)
 43  = m k – 1 
10. 2
4 = 2m
m= 2
3 = m(k – 1)
3 = 2(k – 1)
3
2=k–1
5
k= 2

Jawapan
Bab Penyelesaian Segi Tiga (c) sin x = sin 41°
16.3 11.5
9 Solution of Triangles
sin x = 16.3 × sin 41°
11.5
1. (a) x = 180° – 68°25’
x = 8.7
1
sin 82° sin 53° x = 111°35’
y = 180° – 41° – 111°359
x = 8.7 × sin 82°
sin 53° y = 27°259
= 10.79
(b) Q = 180° − 123° − 39° = 18° 3. (a) sin C = sin 42°

11 8
x = 15.9 11 × sin 42°
sin 18° sin 123° sin C =
15.9 × sin 18° 8
x = sin C = 0.9201
sin 123°
= 5.859 ∠C = 66°56’ atau 180 – 66°56’
= 113°4’
(c) Q = 180° − 109° − 42° = 29° C
Cʹ
B
66°56’ 42°
113°4’
x = 16.7
sin 29° sin 109° 8 cm 11 cm
x = 16.7 × sin 29°
sin 109°
= 8.563 A
(b) (i) Dalam ∆ABD,

2. (a) sin x = sin 72° BD = 11.2
8.5 12.1 sin 43° sin 85°
sin x = 8.5 × sin 72° BD = 11.2 × sin 43°
12.1 sin 85°
x = 41°55’ = 7.668 cm
y = 180° – 72° – 41°55’
y = 66°59 (ii) Dalam ∆BCD,
∠DBC = 43° + 85°
= 128°
(b) sin x = sin 110° sin ∠BCD = sin 128°
10.8 15.3
7.668 13
sin x = 10.8 × sin 110°
15.3 sin ∠BCD = 7.668 × sin 128°
13
x = 41°33’
= 0.4648
y = 180° – 110° – 41°33’
∠BCD = 27°42’
y = 28°27’

(c) (i) Dalam ∆ABC, 6. (a) (i) Dalam ∆QRS,

AC = 6 152= 72 + 102 – 2(7)(10) kos/cos ∠RQS
sin 138° sin 9° 225 = 149 – 140 kos/cos ∠RQS
AC = 6 × sin 138° kos ∠RQS = 149 – 225
sin 9° cos ∠RQS 140
= 25.66 cm = –0.5429
∠RQS = 122°539
(ii) Dalam ∆ACD,
sin ∠ADC = sin 55° (ii) Dalam / In ∆PQS,
25.66 22 ∠PQS = 180° – 122°539
25.66 × sin 55° = 57°7’
sin ∠ADC = PS2 = 72 + 82 – 2(7)(8) kos/cos 57°79
22
= 0.9554 = 52.19
∠ADC = 72°509 PS = 7.224 cm
4. (a) x2 = 8.32 + 11.62 – 2(8.3)(11.6) kos /cos 81° (b) (i) Dalam / In ∆ABC,
x = 13.17 cm 82= 52 + 122 – 2(5)(12) kos/cos ∠BAC
64 = 169 – 120 kos/cos ∠BAC
(b) x2 = 9.52 + 12.12 – 2(9.5)(12.1) kos/cos 108°
x = 17.54 cm kos ∠BAC = 169 – 64
cos ∠BAC 120
(c) x2 = 10.52 + 16.32 – 2(10.5)(16.3) kos/cos 123° = 0.875
x = 23.71 cm ∠BAC = 28°579
5. (a) 102 = 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) kos/cos ∠PRQ (ii) Dalam / In ∆ACD,

100 = 145 – 144 kos/cos ∠PRQ ∠ACD = 28°579
AD 12
kos ∠PRQ = 145 – 100 sin 28°57’
=
sin 130°
cos ∠PRQ 144
= 0.3125 AD = 12 × sin 28°57’
∠PRQ = 71°479 sin 130°
AD = 7.583 cm
(b) ∠Q ialah sudut terbesar kerana ∠Q
bertentangan dengan sisi terpanjang
∠Q is the biggest angle because ∠Q is opposite to 7. (a) Luas ∆JKL / Area of ∆JKL
the longest side
152 = 8.22 + 102 – 2(8.2)(10) kos/cos Q = 1 (11.6)(9.5) sin 63°
225 = 167.24 – 164 kos/cos Q 2
= 49.09 cm2
kos Q = 167.24 – 225
cos Q 164 (b) Luas ∆DEF / Area of ∆DEF
= –0.3522
∠Q = 110°379 = 1 (13.5)(12.6) sin 42°
2
= 56.91 cm2
(c) ∠Q ialah sudut terkecil kerana ∠Q
bertentangan dengan sisi terpendek (c) Luas ∆PQR / Area of ∆PQR
∠Q is the smallest angle because ∠Q is opposite to
the shortest side = 1 (12.1)(18.7) sin 121°
6.52 = 9.82 + 11.52 – 2(9.8)(11.5) kos/cos Q 2
= 96.98 cm2
42.25 = 228.29 – 225.4 kos/cos Q
kos Q = 228.29 – 42.25 (d) s = 5.7 + 7.5 + 12
cos Q 225.4 2
= 0.8254 = 12.6
∠Q = 34°22’

Luas / Area ∆ABC (c) (i) Luas / Area ∆ABC = 62 cm2

= √12.6(12.6 – 5.7)(12.6 – 7.5)(12.6 – 12) 1 (8)(20) sin ∠ABC = 62
= √12.6(6.9)(5.1)(0.6) 2
= √266.04 sin ∠ABC = 62 × 2
8 × 20
= 16.31 cm2 = 0.775
∠ABC = 180° – 50°489 (sudut cakah)
(e) s = 4.5 + 6 + 10.1
= 129°129 (obtuse angle)
2
= 10.3
(ii) AC2 = 82 + 202 – 2(8)(20) kos/cos 129°129
Luas / Area ∆ABC = 666.25
= √10.3(10.3 – 4.5)(10.3 – 6)(10.3 – 10.1) AC = 25.81 cm
= √10.3(5.8)(4.3)(0.2)
= √51.376
= 7.168 cm2
8. (a) (i) SU = 
122 + 62
Praktis SPM 9
= 13.42 cm Kertas 1
WS = 
122 + 82 1. (a) (i) QR = 3.3
= 14.42 cm sin 115° sin 20°
WU = 
82 + 62 QR = 8.745 cm
= 10 cm
(ii) RT 2 = 5.52 + 4.52 – 2(5.5)(4.5) kos/cos 50°
102 = 13.422 + 14.422 – 2(13.42)(14.42) kos/ = 18.68
cos ∠WSU RT = 4.322 cm
QT = QR – RT
kos ∠WSU = 388.0328 – 100 = 8.745 – 4.322
cos ∠WSU 387.0328
= 0.7442 = 4.423 cm
∠WSU = 41°55’ (iii) ∠PRQ = 180° – 115° – 20°
= 45°
(ii) Luas ∆WSU = 1 (13.42)(14.42) sin 41°55’
Area ∆WSU 2 Luas ∆PQR = 1 (3.3)(8.745) sin 45°
= 64.64 cm2 Area ∆PQR 2
= 10.20 cm2
(b) (i) s = 7.3 + 9.6 + 14.7 = 15.8 (b) (i) P R

2
Luas / Area ∆PQR
= √15.8(15.8 – 7.3)(15.8 – 9.6)(15.8 – 14.7)
= √15.8(8.5)(6.2)(1.1)
= √915.926
R
= 30.264 cm2
20°
(ii) Katakan h = tinggi P dari QR
Let h = height of P from QR
Luas / Area ∆PQR = 1 × QR × h = 30.264 Q
2
1 × (9.60) × h = 30.264 (ii) ∠Q’P’R’ + 20° = 45°
2 ∠Q’P’R’ = 45° – 20°
h = 6.305 cm
= 25°

2. (a) (i) ∠ADC = 180° – 105° = 75° 4. sin ∠PRS = sin 26.6
(a) (i)
AC2 = 112 + 102 – 2(11)(10) kos 75° 13.58 8.599
AC = 12.809 cm ∠PRS = 135°
(ii) sin ∠BAC = sin 105° (ii) Q

5 12.809
∠BAC = 22°9’
12.21 cm 7.813 cm M
∠ACB = 180° – 105° – 22°9’
= 52°51’ R
P 26.6° 8.599 cm
(b) (i) Luas / Area DACD
13.58 cm
= 1 × 11 × 10 × sin 75° S
2
= 53.126 cm2
∠PSM = 180° − 26.6° − 45°
(ii) D = 108.4°
sin 108.4 = sin 26.6

PM 8.599
t PM = 18.22 cm
A C
12.809 cm (b) ∠PSR = 180 − 26.6 − 135 = 18.4°
PR = 8.599
Luas / Area DACD = 53.126 sin 18.4 sin 26.6
1 × 12.809 × t = 53.126 PR = 6.062 cm
2 12.212 = (6.062)2 + (7.813)2 −
t = 53.126 × 2 2(6.062) (7.813) kos ∠PRQ
12.809
= 8.295 cm ∠PRQ = 122.79°
3. (a) (i) Luas / Area of ∆BCD = 12.58 cm2 (c) APQRMS

1 × 5 × 6 × sin ∠BCD = 12.58 = APQR + APMS
2 = 1 (6.062)(7.813)sin122.79 +
2
sin ∠BCD = 12.58 1 (13.58)(18.22) sin 26.6
15
2
∠BCD = 180° − 57°
= 75.31 cm2
= 123°
(ii) BD2 = 52 + 62 − 2(5)(6) kos / cos 123°
BD = 9.679 cm
(iii) sin ∠CBD = sin 123°

6 9.679
Praktis Ekstra SPM 9
sin ∠CBD = 6 × sin 123° 1. 180° − 123° − 39° = 18°
9.679
∠CBD = 31°19’ x 15.9
=
sin 18° sin 123°
(b) ∠BDC = 180° − 123° − 31°19’ = 25°41’
15.9 × sin 18°
∠ADB = 90° − 25°41’ = 64°19’ x =
sin 123°
AD2 = 11.22 – 62
= 5.859
AD = 9.457 cm
Luas / Area of ∆ABD
= 1 × 9.457 × 9.679 × sin 64°19’
2
= 41.25 cm2

2. sin ∠G
sin 135° 5. 102 = 82 + 92 – 2(8)(9) kos/cos ∠PRQ
(i) 5 12
= 100 = 145 – 144 kos/cos ∠PRQ
sin 135° 145 – 100
∠G = sin–1 12
×5 1 2 kos ∠PRQ =
cos ∠PRQ 144
= 17.14° = 0.3125
∠PRQ = 71.79°
(ii) ∠E = 180° – 135° – 17.14°
= 27.86°
6. (i) AD = DC
FG 12
= sin 135° = 
15.82 + 14.22 – 2(15.8)(14.2) kos / cos 43°
sin 27.86°
= 11.10 cm
12
FG = sin 135° × sin 27.86°
11.32 + 14.22 – 11.102
(ii) kos / cos ∠ABD = 2(11.3)(14.2)
= 7.93 cm
∠ABD = 50.04°
3. F
6.5 cm
7. ∠J = 180° – 52° – 31° = 97°
D1
6.9 cm JL 8.4
=
sin 52° sin 97°
68° D
2 8.4
E
JL = × sin 52°
sin 97°
sin D sin 68° = 6.67 cm
=
6.9 6.5
1
sin 68° Luas ∆JKL = (8.4)(6.67) sin 31°
∠ED1F = sin–1
6.5 1
× 6.9 = 79.81° 2 Area of ∆JKL 2
= 14.43 cm2
∠ED2F = 180° – 79.81° = 100.19°
Dalam segi tiga D1EF, 8. 1
In triangle D1EF, s= (32 + 37 + 14) = 41.5
2
∠EFD1 = 180° – 68° – 79.81° = 32.19°
Luas ∆VWX / Area of ∆VWX
ED1 6.5
= = 
41.5(41.5 – 32)(41.5 – 37)(41.5 – 14)
sin 32.19° sin 68°
= 220.9 cm2
6.5
ED1 = × sin 32.19°
sin 68°
= 3.735 cm 9. (i) SU = 
122 + 62
= 13.42 cm
Dalam segi tiga D2EF,
In triangle D2EF, WS = 
122 + 82
∠EFD2 = 180° – 68° – 100.19° = 11.81° = 14.42 cm
ED2
=
6.5 WU= 82 + 62
sin 11.81° sin 68° = 10 cm
6.5
ED2 = × sin 11.81° 102 = 13.422 + 14.422 – 2(13.42)(14.42) kos / cos ∠WSU
sin 68°
= 1.435 cm 388.0328 – 100
kos ∠WSU = 387.0328
cos ∠WSU
4. x = 8.3 + 11.6 – 2(8.3)(11.6) kos /cos 81°
2 2 2 = 0.7442
x = 13.17 cm ∠WSU = 41°55’

1 (√3400)2 = (√2900)2 + (√1300)2 – 2(√2900)(√1300) kos/cos P

(ii) Luas ∆WSU = 2 (13.42)(14.42) sin 41°55’ 2(√2900)(√1300) kos/cos P = 2900 + 1300 − 3400
Area of ∆WSU
= 64.64 cm2 800
kos/cos P =
2 (√2900)(√1300)
10. 1 ∠P = 78°7’
Luas ∆STU = (US)(UT) sin U
2
Area of ∆STU Luas / Area of ∆PRT = 1 (√2900)(√1300) sin 78°7’
1 2
53.97 = (5)(21.8) sin x
2 = 950.02 cm2
sin x = 0.990275
x = sin–1 0.990275 (b) Luas / Area of ∆PRT = 950.02 cm2
= 82° 1 × √1300 × t = 950.02, di mana / where t = Titik
2
tengah / Midpoint PR
950.02 × 2
Sudut KBAT t=
√1300
= 52.70 cm
(c) L
sin ∠TKS = 50
(a) T PR2 = 302 + 202
52.70
PR = √1300
∠TKS = 71°35’
TR2 = 302 + 502
TR = √3400 52.70
2900 3400 50 cm
TP2 = 202 + 502
TP = √2900
K S K
P R
1300

Jawapan
(b) Indeks harga = 150
Bab Nombor Indeks Price index
10 Index Numbers P12
× 100 = 150
P09
240 000 × 100 = 150

1. (a) (i) I = 6000 × 100
1
2022/2021
P09
8000
P06 = 240 000 × 100
= 75 150
= RM160 000
(ii) I2023/2022 = 9000 × 100
6000 P06
= 150 (c) z = × 100
P05
(iii) I2023/2021 = 9000 × 100 = 1.60 × 100

8000 1.20
= 112.5 = 133.33
Indeks harga B = 110

2. P Price index B
(a) Indeks harga, I = 13 × 100
P11 P06
Price index × 100 = 110
P05
= 60 000 × 100
80 000 2.30 × 100 = 110
= 75 x
x = 2.30 × 100
110
P03 = RM2.09
(b) Indeks harga barangan A, IA = × 100
P01
Price index item A
= 4.90 × 100 Indeks harga C = 102
3.50 Price index C
= 140 P06
× 100 = 102
P P05
Indeks harga barangan B, IB = 03 × 100
P01 y × 100 = 102
Price index item B
0.60
= 8.10 × 100
6.00 y = 102 × 0.60
= 135 100
= RM0.61
3. (a) Indeks harga = 85
Price index (d) Indeks harga barangan R = 125
P Price index of item R
03 × 100 = 85
P01 P12
× 100 = 125
P P10
03 × 100 = 85
22 360 × 100 = 125
P03 = 85 × 22 x
100 x = 360 × 100
= RM18.70 125
= 288

Indeks harga barangan S = 140 Bagi barangan L,

Price index of item S For item L,
P12 P08
× 100 = 140 × 100 = 130
P10 P01
P
y × 100 = 140 ⇒ 08 = 130
125 P01 100
y = 140 × 125 P08
× 100 = 150
100 P02
= 175 P
⇒ 08 = 150
(e) Bagi barangan J, P02 100
For item J,
P02
P02 z = × 100
× 100 = 125 P01
P01
P P P
⇒ 02 = 125 z = 02 × 08 × 100
P08 P01
P01 100
P08
× 100 = 175 z = 100 × 130 × 100
P01 150 100
= 130 × 100
P
⇒ 08 = 175 z
P01 100 150
z = 86.67
P08
x = × 100
P02 (f) Bagi barangan P:
P P For item P
x = 08 × 01 × 100
P01 P02 P95 P
× 100 = 125 ⇒ 95 = 125
x = 175 × 100 × 100 P90 P90 100
100 125 P99 P99
× 100 = 140 ⇒ = 140
175 P90 P90 100
x = × 100
125
= 140 P99
x = × 100
P95
Bagi barangan K, P P
For item K,
x = 99 × 90 × 100
P90 P95
P02
P01
× 100 = 120 x = 140 × 100 × 100
100 125
P
⇒ 02 = 120 x = 112
P01 100
P08 Bagi barangan Q:
× 100 = 110
P02 For item Q
P
⇒ 08 = 110 P95 P
× 100 = 135 ⇒ 95 = 135
P02 100 P90 P90 100
P99 P99
× 100 = 120 ⇒ = 120
P08 P95 P95 100
y = × 100
P01
P99
P P y = × 100
y = 08 × 02 × 100 P90
P02 P01
P P
y = 99 × 95 × 100
= 110 × 120 × 100 P95 P90
100 100
= 132 y = 120 × 135 × 100
100 100
y = 162

P96 P 37.50 × 100 = 125

(g) × 100= 140 ⇒ 96 = 140 5. (a) IA =
P90 P90 100 30.00
P00 P00
× 100 = 105 ⇒ = 105 IB = 49.50 × 100 = 110
P96 P96 100 45.00
IC = 70.00 × 100 = 140
P00 P P 50.00
× 100 = 00 × 96 × 100
P90 P96 P90
ID = 32.50 × 100 = 130
= 105 × 140 × 100 25.00
100 100
Indeks gubahan
= 147
Composite index
P P
(h) 00 × 100= 116 ⇒ 00 = 116 = 125 × 2 + 110 × 3 + 140 × 4 + 130 × 3
P98 P98 100 2+3+4+3
P02 P02
× 100 = 125 ⇒ = 125 = 1 530
P98 P98 100 12
P98 100 = 127.5
× 100 = × 100
P02 125
= 80
(b) IE = 120 × 100 = 150
80
P00 P P
× 100 = 00 × 98 × 100 46
P02 P98 P02 IF = × 100 = 115
40
= 116 × 100 × 100
100 125 IG = 66 × 100 = 120
= 92.8 55
4. (a) Indeks gubahan,/ Composite index, IH = 133 × 100 = 140

95
Ii wi Indeks gubahan / Composite index
I =
wi
I = 150 × 3 + 115 × 6 + 120 × 7 + 140 × 4
= 125(4) + 135(2) + 130(1) + 140(5) 3+6+7+4
4+2+1+5 = 2 540
= 1 600 20
12 = 127
= 133.3
P10
(b) Indeks gubahan,/ Composite index, (c) x = × 100 = 10.40 × 100 = 130
P07 8.00
Ii wi Indeks gubahan / Composite index = 128.75
I =
wi 125 × 4 + 130 × 3 + 120 × y + 150 × 3 = 128.75
= 115(2) + 120(3) + 140(5) + 105(6) 4+3+y+3
2+3+5+6 120y + 1 340 = 128.75
= 1 920 y + 10
16
120y + 1 340 = 128.75y + 1 287.5
= 120
8.75y = 52.5
(c) Indeks gubahan,/ Composite index, y =6
Ii wi
I =
wi
= 123(30) + 145(20) + 151(10) + 115(40)
30 + 20 + 10 + 40
= 12 700
100
= 127

(d) Indeks gubahan / Composite index = 128

135 × 40 + x × 30 + 105 × 10 + 130 × 20 = 128
40 + 30 + 10 + 20
9 050 + 30x = 128
100
9 050 + 30x = 12 800
30x = 3 750
x = 125
P16
Praktis SPM 10 2. (a)
P12
× 100 = 120
P
Kertas 2 16 × 100 = 120
3.80
P16 = RM4.56
1. (a) (i) x = 140
(b) Peratusan penggunaan M / Percentage of usage
(ii) P18 × 100 = 140 ⇒ 3.50 × 100 = 140 of M = (100 – 20 – 10 – 30)% = 40%
P16 y y = RM2.50 I = 130(20) + 120(10) + 150(40) + 90(30)
100
= 12 500
(b) I = 120(50) + 140(40) + 170(10) 100
100
= 125
= 13 300
100
= 133 P16 × 100 = 125
P12
P18 36 250 × 100 = 125

P
(c) (i)× 100 = 160 ⇒ 18 = 160 P12
P14 P14 100 P12 = RM29 000
P18 P18
× 100 = 133 ⇒ = 133 \ Kos pengeluaran pada tahun 2012 ialah
P16 P16 100 RM29 000
P16 P16 Production cost for the year 2012 is RM29 000
P
× 100 = × 18 × 100
P14 P18 P14
(c) I = P16 × P18 × 100
P12 P16
= 100 × 160 × 100
133 100
= 125 × 135 × 100
= 120.3 100 100
= 168.75
P18 P
× 100 = 160 ⇒ 18 = 160
(ii) \ Peratus perubahan dalam kos pengeluaran
P14 15 ialah 68.75%
P18 = 160 × 15 = 24 sen The percentage of changes in production cost is
100 68.75%
Bilangan maksimum bebola sotong
Maximum number of squid balls 3. (a) (i)
Untuk J / For J:
P P
= 135 × 100 18 × 100 = 100 → 18 = 1,
24 P16 P16
= 562.5 ⇒ 562 P P
20 × 100 = 130 → 20 = 1.3
P18 P18
P20
x = × 100
P16
P P
= 20 × 18 × 100
P18 P16
= 1.3 × 1 × 100 = 130

P20
(ii)× 100 = 140
P16
7.70 = 14
P16
P16 = 7.70
1.4
= RM5.50
Untuk N / For N:
P P
18 × 100 = 175 → 18 = 1.75
P16 P16
P20 P20
× 100 = 80 → = 0.8
P18 P18
P
y = 20 × 100
P16
P P
= 20 × 18 × 100
P18 P16
= 0.8 × 1.75 × 100 = 140
(b) Indeks gubahan / Composite index = 134

130(2) + 150(5) + 120(3) + 125(p) + 140(4) = 134
2+5+3+p+4
1930 + 125p = 134
14 + p
1930 + 125p = 1876 + 134p
9p = 54
p =6
(c) Harga kos / Cost price = RM75 × 1.34 = RM100.50
Harga jual / Selling price = 170% × RM100.50 = RM170.85
Q1
Praktis Ekstra SPM 10 Indeks harga, I =
Price index
Q0
× 100
6 750
1. Q16 = 25 000 buku / books 125 = × 100
Q0
Q18 = 30 500 buku / books Q0 = RM5 400
Q
Nombor indeks / Index number, I = 18 × 100
Q16 Maka, harga motosikal pada tahun 2014 ialah
30 500 RM5 400.
= × 100 Hence, the price of the motorcycle in the year 2014 was
25 000
RM5 400.
= 122
3. P12
2. Biar / Let Q0 = harga pada tahun 2014 × 100 = 150
price in the year 2014 P09
Q1 = harga pada tahun 2016 240 000
price in the year 2016 × 100 = 150
P09
240 000 × 100
P09 =
150
= RM160 000

4. Q1996 Q1996 140 8. 120

× 100 = 140 ⇒ = IE = × 100 = 150
Q1990 Q1990 100 80
Q2000 Q2000 46
× 100 = 105 ⇒ =
105 IF = × 100 = 115
40
Q1996 Q1996 100
66
IG = × 100 = 120
Q2000 Q2000 Q1996 55
× 100 = × × 100
Q1990 Q1996 Q1990 133
IH = × 100 = 140
95
105 140
= × × 100
100 100 Indeks gubahan / Composite index
= 147 – 150 × 3 + 115 × 6 + 120 × 7 + 140 × 4
I=
3+6+7+4
2 540
5. P96 P 140 =
× 100= 140 ⇒ 96 = 20
P90 P90 100
= 127
P00 P 105
× 100= 105 ⇒ 00 =
P96 P96 100
9. x(1) + 120 × 3 + 130 × 2 + 114 × 4
= 114.6
P00 P P 1+3+2+4
× 100 = 00 × 96 × 100
P90 P96 P90 x + 1 076
105 140 = 114.6
10
= × × 100
100 100 x + 1 076 = 1 146
= 147 x = 70
6. – 100 × 4 + 120 × 2 + 145 × 4
I = 10. Q2018
4+2+4 x= × 100
Q2013
1 220
=
10 34.20
= × 100
= 122 30
= 114
7. Indeks harga pada tahun 136 × y + 114 × 2 + 108 × 3
= 120
Makanan 2007 berasaskan tahun 2002 y+2+3
Food Price index in the year 2007 136y + 552
based on the year 2002 = 120
y+5
1.75 136y + 552 = 120y + 600
A × 100 = 125
1.40 16y = 48
2.80 y=3
B × 100 = 140
2.00
6.00
C × 100 = 150
4.00
2.40 Sudut KBAT
D × 100 = 80
3.00
P18
(a) × 100 = 125
– 125 × 35 + 140 × 20 + 150 × 15 + 80 × 30 P15
I =
35 + 20 + 15 + 30 w × 100 = 125

11 825 3.40
=
100 w = 125 × 3.40 = 4.25
100
= 118.25

P18
(b) × 100 = 135
P15
y × 100 = 135
x
y = 1.35x …… 1
P18 = P15 + 1.40

y = x + 1.4 …… 2
1 = 2:
1.35x = x + 1.4
0.35x = 1.4
x = 4.00
Dari 2 / From 2:
y = 4 + 1.4 = 5.40
(c) (i) Indeks gubahan / Composite index = 116.25

125(2) + 115(m) + 110(5) + 135(1) = 116.25
2+m+5+1
935+115m = 116.25(m + 8)
935+115m = 116.25m + 930
1.25m = 5
m =4
P18
(ii) × 100 = 116.25
P15
37.20 × 100 = 116.25
P15
P15 = 37.20 = RM32.00
1.1625

Jawapan
Kertas PRA S P M 3.
(a) log99 + 4log9x +
log3√x
log3√3
log3x
Kertas 1 =1+4 1 log 9 2 + 1 log3√x
3 2
Bahagian A
= 1 + 2log3x + 1 1 log3x
1 2
1
1. (a) f : x = |2x – 7| 2 2
9
= 1 + log3x
f(–3) = |–6 – 7| = |–13| = 13 4
f(1) = |2 – 7| 9
= |–5| = log3 3 + log3x 4

9
= 5 = log33x 4
(b) f(x) = 3
|2x – 7| = 3 (b) log2√4x = 3
2x – 7 = 3 2x – 7 = –3 23 = √4x
2x = 10 2x = 4 Kuasaduakan kedua-dua belah / Squaring
x = 5 x =2 both sides,
4x = 82
x = 16
2. (a) f(x) =x
3 – 4x =x 4. (a) 1 + √2x – 3 = √2x – 1
3 = 5x (1 + √2x – 3)2 = (√2x – 1)2
x = 3 1 + 2√2x – 3 + 2x − 3 = 2x −1
5 2√2x – 3 =1
(b) Katakan / Let y = f(x), 4(2x – 3) =1
f –1(y) = x 8x – 12 =1
3 – 4x = y x = 13
4x = 3 – y 8
x= 3–y (b) Katakan / Let 9x = 5y = 15z = K
4 log10K
Maka / Therefore, Jadi / So, log109 =
x
f –1(x) = 3 – x log1032 =
log 10
K
4 x
f –1g(x) = – (x – 1)
3 2
log10K
4 log103 =
2x
= 1 – x2 1 log10K
4 Juga / Also, log105 =
y
log10K
f –1g(3) = 1 – 1 (3)2 Dan / And, log1015 =
z
4
= 1 – 9
4
= – 5
4

log1015 = log10(3 × 5) √125 125 25

7. (a) (i) = =
log1015 = log103 + log105 √30 30 6
log K log10K log10K
10 = + √8 × √15
z 2x y (ii) = 8 × 15 = √40
√3 3
Membahagi dengan log10K:
Dividing by log10K:
1 (b) 3x – 17√x + 10 = 0
1 = +1 (3√x – 2)(√x – 5) = 0
z 2x y
1 y + 2x 3√x = 2 (√x)2 = (5)2
=
z 2xy
(√x)2 = 2 1 2
2
2xy x = 25
z = 3
y + 2x
x = 4
9
5. (a) a = 3, b = 2, c = 7
b2 − 4ac = 22 − 4(3)(7) 8. (a) a = 5, d = 9 − 5 = 4
= 4 − 84 T13 = 5 + 12(4) = 53
= −80
b2 − 4ac , 0
Tiada punca nyata / No real roots (b) S20 − S10 = 20 [5 + 19(4)] − 10 [5 + 9(4)]
2 2
= 810 − 205
(b) a = 4 − 2p, b = 3p, c = −2p − 1 = 605
b2 − 4ac . 0
(3p) − 4(4 − 2p)(−2p − 1) . 0
2
9. (a) Isi padu air berkurang setiap hari untuk
9p2 − 4(−8p − 4 + 4p2 + 2p) . 0 membentuk satu janjang geometri:
9p2 + 32p + 16 − 16p2 − 8p . 0 The volume of water decreases every day to form a
−7p2 + 24p + 16 . 0 geometric progression:
7p2 − 24p − 16 , 0 a = 450, r = 100 − 10 = 90% = 0.9
(7p + 4)(p − 4) , 0 T7 = 450(0.9)6
= 239.15 cm3
(b) 0.969696… = 0.96 + 0.0096 + 0.000096 +…
4 4
P Mengambil / Taking : a = 0.96, r = 0.01:
–—
S∞ = 0.96
7
1 – 0.01
– 4 ,p,4
7 = 0.96
0.99
6. Bagi / For f(x) = 0: = 32
px2 − 10x + 6p + 5 = 0 33
Dengan / With a = p, b = −10, c = 6p + 5: 10. (a) y = w – x√x

b2 − 4ac , 0 √x 2
(−10)2 − 4p(6p + 5), 0 y√x = w × √x – x√x × √x
√x 2
100 − 24p2 − 20p , 0 1 (x2) + w
(y√x) = –
0 , 6p2 + 5p − 25 2
(2p + 5)(3p − 5)  0 (b) Jadi / So, w = c = 8
Maka / Therefore, − 5 , p , 5 . Dan / And m = − 1
2 3 2
8 − 5 =− 1
0–q 2
5
–— 5
— q=6
2 3

11. (a) mRS = 5 − 1 = –4 Bahagian B

–2 + 1
Maka, persamaan QR ialah:
Therefore, the equation of QR is: 13. (a) A = 1 u
0 –3 6 0
2 0 4 –2 0
u
y – 5 = 1 (x + 2)
4 = 1 |0 + 6 + 0 – 0 – 24 – 0|
y = 1 x + 11 2
4 2 = 9 unit2
(b) (i) Q ialah titik persilangan garis PQ dan QR:
Q is the point of intersection of the straight line
PQ and QR:

(b) C = 2(–3) + 3(6) , 2(4) + 3(–2)
2+3 2+3 

4 1 x + 11 = 7x – 14
2  = 12 ,
5 5
2

4 2
x + 22 = 7x – 14
6x = 36 (c) AP = 2PB
x =6 √
(x + 3)2 + (y − 4)2 = 2√
(x − 6)2 + (y + 2)2
4y = 7(6) – 14 = 28 x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 − 8y +16 = 4(x2 − 12x +36 + y2 + 4y + 4)
y =7
Maka / Therefore, Q = (6, 7) x2 + 6x + y2 − 8y + 25 = 4(x2 − 12x + y2 + 4y + 40)
x2 + 6x + y2 − 8y + 25 = 4x2 − 48x + 4y2 + 16y + 160
(ii) Di titik P, y = 0: 3x2 − 54x + 3y2 + 24y + 135 = 0
At point P, y = 0:
4(0) = 7x – 14
14. (a) 2y = 3x – 6
7x = 14
0 = 3x – 6
x = 2
x=2
Maka / Therefore, P = (2, 0)
\ D(2, 0)
3 (a, b)
12. (a) xyp = q
2
log10 xyp = log10 q (2, 0)
log10 x + p log10 y = log10 q A(–2, –6)
p log10 y = – log10 x + log10 q

log10 y = – 1 log10 x + 1 log10 q (2, 0) = 2a + (–6) , 2b + (–18)
1 2
p p 5 5
2a – 6 = 2 2b + 18 = 0
(b) y = a2 + b 5 5
x x
xy = a + b 2a – 6 = 10 2b – 18 = 0
x 2a = 16 2b = 18
xy = a( 1 ) + b a = 8 b=9
x \ B(8, 9)
m = a, c = b
m = 4 – 1 = 3 (b) PB = BC
8–4 4
√(x – 8)2 + (y – 9)2 = √(8 – 11)2 + (9 – 5)2
\ a= 3
4 (x – 8)2 + (y – 9)2 = 9 + 16
(0, c), (4, 1), m = 3 x2 – 16x + 64 + y2 – 18y + 81 – 25 = 0
4 x2 + y2 – 16x – 18y + 120 = 0
1 – c = 3
4–0 4
1 – c = 3 (c) (4, k): x = 4, y = k
c = –2 (4)2 + k2 – 16(4) – 18(k) + 120 = 0
\ b = –2
k2 – 18k + 72 = 0
(k – 6)(k – 12) = 0
\ k = 6, k = 12

15. (a) (i) AB = AD + DB f(x)
= ~ a+~b 9
(ii) BC = BD + DC 7
= –b ~+~ a
= ~ a–~b 3
(b) (i) PQ = OQ – OP x
–1 7 5
= 3 ~i – 2 j – (7 ~i + j ) —
~ ~ 2
= –4 ~i – 3 j (ii) 0 < f(x) < 9
~
|PQ| = √(–4)2 + (–3)2 = 5
2. (a) g(x) = –3x2 + ax – b
(ii) Vektor unit / Unit vector = 1 (–4 ~i – 3 j )
5 ~ = –3 x2 – a x + b
1 2
3 3
(c) (i) ~
a = mb
= –3 x2 – x + – a – – a + b
3 a
1 2 1 2 4
2 2
~
5 =m 3 3 6 6 3
k 1 2 8 1 2
= –3 x – a – a + b
2
31 2 4
2

5 = 3m 6 36 3
k 1 2 1 2
8m a a 2
5 = 3m k = 8m
1
= –3 x – 2
6
2
+
12
–b
m= 5 k = 8 5 = 40 x– a =0
3 3 1 23 6
x= a =2
(ii) |a 6
~ | = √5 + k = √25 + k2
2 2
|b a = 12
~ | = √3 + 8 = √73
2 2
|a Nilai maksimum / Maximum value = 17

~| = 2|b
~|
(√25 + k ) 2 2
= (2√73)2 a2 – b = 17
12
25 + k2 = 292
122 – b = 17
k2 = 267 12
k = ±16.34 b = 12 – 17 = –5
(b) g(x) = –3x2 + 12x + 5

Kertas 2
g(x)
Bahagian A
17
1. (a) |2x − 9| = 3
2x – 9 = 3 2x – 9 = –3
2x = 12 2x = 6 5
x=6 x=3
x
–1 2
(b) (i) x = 0, f(x) = 7
f(x) = 0, 7 – 2x = 0
x= 7
2
\ (0, 7) dan 7 , 0 1 2
2
x = –1, f(x) = |7 + 2| = 9
x = 5, f(x) = |7 – 10| = 3

3. (a) y = px2 – 10x + 6p – 5

Pada pintasan-x, y = 0 / At an x-intercept, y = 0. (b) u
1 1 6 7 1 = 20
2 –2 3 k –2
u
Apabila p = 2 / When p = 2: 1
|3 + 6k – 14 + 12 – 21 – k| = 20
2x2 – 10x + 6(2) – 5 = 0 2 |5k – 20| = 40
2x2 – 10x + 7 = 0 5k – 20 = ±40
b2 – 4ac = (–10)2 – 4(2)(7) Oleh sebab k , 0, maka k = –4
= 44 Since k , 0, therefore k = –4
Oleh sebab b2 – 4ac  0, terdapat 2 pintasan-x.
As b – 4ac  0, there are 2 x-intercepts.
2
6. (a) (i) Sn = 3n2 + 5n

(b) 10 – 4(p)(6p – 5)
2
,0 S1 = T1 = a = 3(1)2 + 5(1) = 8
100 – 24p2 + 20p ,0 S2 = T1 + T2 = 3(2)2 + 5(2) = 22
6p2 – 5p – 25 0 d = T2 − T1 = (S2 − T1) − T1 = (22 − 8) − 8 = 6
(2p – 5)(3p + 5) 0
\ a = 8, d = 6
Julat nilai p / The range of value p
p , – 5 atau / or p  5 (ii) T10 + T11 + … + T20 = S20 − S9
3 2
= (3(20)2 + 5(20))−
(3(9)2 + 5(9))
5 5 = 1200 + 100 − 243 − 45
–— —
3 2 S20 − S9 = 1012
(b) (i) x + 1, 3x , 5x + 2, …
4. (a) log9p = x ⇒ p = 9x
r1 = r2
log3q = y ⇒ q = 3y
3x = 5x + 2
(i) pq = 9x × 3y
x+1 3x
= 32x × 3y
9x2 = (5x + 2)(x + 1)
= 32x + y 9x2 = 5x2 + 7x + 2
(ii) p = 9x ÷ 3y 4x – 7x – 2 = 0
2
q
= 32x ÷ 3y (4x + 1)(x – 2) = 0
= 32x – y 4x + 1 = 0x–2=0
(b) 2187 = 32x + y 9 = 32x −y x=– 1 x=2
37 = 32x +y 32 = 32x − y 4
2x + y = 7 ... 2x − y = 2 ... (Tidak diterima / Not accepted)
 + : 4x = 9 (ii) 3, 6, 12, …
x= 9 a = 3, r = 6 = 2, n = 10
4 3
Sn = a(rn
– 1)
Dari / From : 2 9 –y =2
 2 r–1
4
y = 9 –2= 5 S10 = 3(2 – 1) = 3069
10

2 2 2–1
D = 3(6) + 2(1) , 3(3) + 2(–2)

5. (a) (i) 1 2
3+2 3+2 7. (a) P(0, c)
= (4, 1) mps = 3
11 – c = 3
(ii) mAB = 3 – (–2) = –1 3–0
6–1
11 – c = 9
Maka / Therefore, mDC = 1 c = 2
Persamaan DC / Equation of DC: \ P(0, 2)
y – 1 = –1(x – 4)
y = – x + 5

(b)mpQ = mSR 9 9
– k = 6h
Jadi / So, ...................
2 = 13 – 11
y – 2 2
x–0 7–3 3 1
Dan / And, k + = 2h ...................
2 2
y – 2 = 1x
9 3
2  × 3: k + = 6h ...................
2 2
y = 1 x + 2  – : 9k – 3 = 0
2
1
k=
(c) Titik tengah SR / Midpoint of SR = 3
3 1 1
3 + 7 , 11 + 13 = (5, 12)
2 3
–
2
= 2h 2
1 2 2 2 2h = 1
mL × mSR = –1 1
h =
2
mL × 1 = –1
2
mL = –2
9. (a) s (m) 2 3 4 5 6 7
Persamaan / Equation: v (m s ) 2.68 2.97 3.23 3.46 3.69 3.90
–1
y – y1 = mL(x – x1) v2 7.18 8.82 10.43 11.97 13.62 15.21

y – 12 = (–2)(x – 5)
y – 12 = –2x + 10 (b)
y = –2x + 22
v2
Bahagian B
16
→ → →
8. (a) (i) AP = OP – OA 14
= 6 x – 2 y
~ ~
12
→ → →
(ii) OQ = OA + AQ
1 10
= 2 y + (–2 y + 18 x)
~ 4 ~ ~
1 9 8 13.6 – 4 = 9.6
= 2y – y + x
~ 2~ 2~
9 3 6
= x + y
2~ 2~
4
6–0=6
→
(b) (i) AR = h(6 x – 2 y) 2
~ ~
= 6h x – 2h y
~ ~ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
s
→ 9 3
(ii)
RQ = k 2 x + 2 y
~ ~  2
9 3 (c) v2 = u2 + 2as
= k x + k y
2 ~ 2 ~ v2 = 2as + u2
Y = mX + c
→ → → m = 2a, c = u2
(c) AR = AQ + QR
1 9 3 (i) c = 4.0
6h x – 2h y = (–2 y + 18 x) –
~ ~ 4 ~ ~
kx + kx
2 ~ 2 ~  2 u2 = 4.0
1 9 9 3 u = 2.0 m s–1
= – y + x – kx – ky
2~ 2~ 2 ~ 2 ~
9 9 3 1
= 
– k x–
2 2 ~ 2 2
k+
2 ~
y  2

11. (a) 1
(ii) m = 13.6 – 4 = 9.6 R 2
6–0 6 U
2a = 1.6
Q
a = 0.8 m s–2 2b
~
(iii) Apabila / When s = 3.6 m T b
~
v2 = 9.6
v = 3.10 m s–1 O P
a S a
~ ~
10. (a) B = (ℎ, k) (i) OQ = 2a

~+~
b
(2, 1) = 2h + 3(–2) , 2k + 3(9)
1 2
2+3 2+3 (ii) RQ = –2b
~ + 2a
~+~
b = 2a
~–~
b
2h – 6 =2 2k + 27 = 1
5 5 (iii) RU = 1 RQ = 1 (2a – b) = 2 ~
a – 1~b
2h – 6 = 10 2k + 27 = 5 3 3 ~ ~ 3 3
h =8 k = –11
B = (8, –11) (b) ST = kSU
2a – 1b
(b) Luas / Area of ∆OAB = 1 0 8 –2 0
OT – OS = h –a
~ + 2b~ + 3~ 1
3~ 2
2 0 –11 9 0
OT = h – 1 ~ a + 5~ b +~a 1 2
= 1 [72 – (22)] 3 3
2
= ~ a – 1 ha + 5 hb
= 1 |50| = 25 unit2 3 ~ 3 ~
2
= 1 – 1 h ~ a + 5 hb
1 2
3 3 ~
(c) AB = √(–2 – 8)2 + (9 – (–11))2
= √100 + 400 = √500
Luas / Area of ∆OAB = 25 OT = kOQ = k(2a
(c) ~+~ b ) = 2ka~ + kb
~
1 × √500 × t = 25 1 5

2
1 – h ~
3 1a + hb
3 ~
= 2
2ka
~ + kb
~
50
t =
√500 1 – 1 h = 2k 5h = k
3 3
= 2.236 unit/ units
1 5
1 – h = 2 h
3 3 1 2
(d) P = (x, y)
11
1 = h
PB = 2PA 3
√(x – 8)2 + (y – (–11))2 = 2 √(x – (–2))2 + (y – 9)2
h = 3
x2 − 16x + 64 + y2 + 22y + 121 = 4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 − 11
18y + 81)
k = 5 3 = 5 1 2
x2 − 16x + y2 + 22y + 185 = 4(x2 + 4x + y2 − 18y 3 11 11
+ 85) 3
\ h = , k= 5
0 = 4x2 + 16x + 4y2 − 11 11
72y + 340 − x2 + 16x
− y2 − 22y − 185
3x + 3y + 32x − 94y + 155 = 0
2 2

Bahagian C 14. (a) (i) 8.8 × 100 = 110

P2018
12. (a) (i) DE = 16 + 14 – 2(16)(14) kos/cos 80°
2 2 2
DE = 19.34 cm P2018 = 8.8 × 100 = RM8

110
P
(ii) ∠ACB = 55° (ii) 2020 × 100 = 105
5
AC = 16 + 19 P2020 = 105 × 5 = RM5.25
sin 45° sin(180° – 80° – 45°) 100
14 + EC = 35 (b) 2(110) + 4x + 3(105) + 1(140) = 115.5

sin 45° sin 55° 2+4+3+1
14 + EC = 30.2126' 4x + 675
EC = 16.21 cm = 115.5
10
4x = 480
(b) Luas DDAE / Area of DDAE = 2(Luas DFBG / x = 120
Area of DFBG)
1 (16)(14) sin 80° = 2 1 (BG)2 (c) (i) I2023/2020
2 2  2
BG = 10.50 cm = 2(110) + 4(100) + 3(95) + 1(100)
2+4+3+1
= 100.5
(c) A
I2023/2018 = 115.5 × 100.5 = 116.0775
100
B
C' C (ii) 20 × 100 = 116.0775
P2018
P2018 = 20 × 100 = RM17.23
13. (a) sin ∠ACB = sin 47° 116.0775
11 9
11 × sin 47° 15. (a) x × 100 = 120
sin ∠ACB =
9 2.25
∠ACB = 180° − 63°22' x = 120 × 2.25
= 2.70
= 116°38' 100
5.50 × 100 = 110
(b) AD2 = 92 + 92 − 2(9)(9) kos / cos 63°22' y
AD = 9.454 cm y= 5.50 × 100 = 5.00
(c) AD = 3DE 110
9.454 = 3DE z = 3.25 × 100
= 130
DE = 3.1513 2.50
∠ADC = 180° – 63°22' = 58°19' (b) Indeks gubahan / Composite index
2
∠EDF = 58°19' = 150(140) + 120(130) + 110(30) + 130(60)
360
Luas / Area of ∆DEF = 1 (5)(3.1513) sin 58°19' = 47 700 = 132.50
2 360
= 6.704 cm2
P20
(c) (i)× 100 = 120
(d) AD = 3DE P18
Luas / Area of ∆DEF = 3 × Luas / Area of ∆DEF P P P
20 × 100 = 20 × 18 × 100
= 3 × 6.704 P16 P18 P16
= 20.112 cm2
1 × 16 × t = 20.112 = 1.2 × 1.325 × 100
= 159
2
t = 20.112 × 2 = 2.514 cm
16

P20
(ii) × 100 = 159
P16
P20
× 100 = 159
32.50
P20 = 159 × 32.50
100
= RM51.68

Jawapan
Lembaran PBD
BAB 1: FUNGSI 3. (a) (i) g(5) = –2
m = –2
1. (a) Katakan f –1(x) = y 2(5) – 3
m = –14
Let f(y) = x
3y + c = x (ii) Katakan f –1(x) = y
y= x–c
3

Let f(y) = x
3y + 2 = x
1
f (x) = – c
–1 x
3 y = x–2
3
= x – c = mx + 4 x – 2
3 3 3 f (x) = –1
3
Bandingkan penyebut / Compare denominator:
x = mx → m = 1 (iii) gf(x) = g(3x + 2)
3 3
– c = 4 → c = –4 = –14
3 3 2(3x + 2) – 3
(b)
fg(x) = f(6 – 5x) = –14
= m(6 – 5x) + n 6x + 4 – 3
= –5mx + 6m + n gf(x) = –14 , x ≠ – 1
6x + 1 6
fg(2) = –5m(2) + 6m + n =5
–10m + 6m + n =5 (b) (i) V(x) = (24 – 2x) × (24 – 2x) × (x)
–4m + n =5 V(x) = (576 – 96x + 4x2)(x)
m = n–5 V(x) = 576x – 96x2 + 4x3
4
2. (a) (ii) V(3) = 576(3) – 96(3)2 + 4(3)3
gf(p2 + 1) = 5p – 6
= 1 728 – 864 + 108
–2(p2 + 1) – 1 = 5p – 6
= 972 cm3
–2p2 – 3 = 5p – 6
2p + 5p – 3 = 0
2
(2p – 1)(p + 3) = 0
2p – 1 = 0 atau / or p + 3 = 0
p = 1 p = –3 BAB 2: FUNGSI KUADRATIK
2
\ p = 1 , –3 1. (a)
b2 – 4ac . 0
2
(–k – 6)2 – 4(2)(2) . 0
(b) (i) k2 + 12k + 36 – 16 . 0
3
x –1 0 3 k2 + 12k + 20 . 0
2
(k + 10)(k + 2) . 0
f(x) 5 3 0 3
0 < f(x) < 5
(ii) |2x – 3| = 5
2x – 3 = ±5
2x – 3 = 5 → x = 4
2x – 3 = –5 → x = –1
–1 < x < 3
\ x = –1
k = –10 k = –2 Punca-punca = a, 3a
k + 10 – + + HTP = a + 3a = 4a = – –8 → a = 2 dan
3 3
k+2 – – + 3a = 3 2 = 2
1 2
3
(k + 10)(k + 2) + – +
HDP = a(3a) = 3a2 = m → m = 3 2 (3) = 4
2
\ k , –10, k . –2 3 3 1 2
2
\ Punca-punca ialah dan 2. Manakala, m = 4.
(b)
b2 – 4ac = (–6)2 – 4(3)(p + 2) , 0
The roots are 3 and While
36 – 12p – 24 , 0
12 – 12p , 0
(b)
p.1 (i) p = 0 + 6 = 3
2 (c)
x = –b ± √b – 4ac
2
2
(ii) Persamaan paksi simetri ialah / The
equation of axis of symmetry is x = 3
2a
(iii) Maksimum y apabila / Maximum of y when x
= –7 ± √7 – 4(3)(–8)
2
= 3,
2(3)
y = –(3 – 3)2 – 4 = –4.
Maka, titik maksimum ialah / Thus, the
x = –7 ± √145 maximum point is (3, –4).
6
x = 0.8403, 3.174
(c)
a =1.0
b2 – 4ac = (–2)2 – 4(1)(–8)
(d)
HTP = a + b = – –8 → a + b = 8 = 36 . 0
1
Maka, graf f(x) berbentuk dengan titik
HDP = ab = 5 → ab = 5
1 minimum dan menyilangi paksi-x pada dua
Punca baharu / New roots: titik yang berbeza.
Thus, the graph of f(x) in the form with the
HTP = 3a + 3b = 3(a + b) = 3(8) = 24
minimum point and intersect x-axis at two different
HDP = (3a)(3b) = 9ab = 9(5) = 45 points
x2 – (HTP)x + HDP = 0 f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8
x2 – 24x + 45 = 0
= x2 – 2x + – 2 2 – 1– 22 2
2 2
2 1 –8
(e)
f(x) = –3x2 + 6x + 8
= –3(x2 – 2x) + 8 = (x – 1)2 – 9
= –3 x2 – 2x + – 2 – – 2 + 8 Titik minimum ialah (1, –9)

2 2
3 2 1 22 1 24 Minimum point is (1, –9)
= –3(x – 1)2 + 3 + 8
= –3(x – 1)2 + 11 f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8 = 0
Oleh sebab a , 0, f(x) mempunyai nilai (x – 4)(x + 2) = 0
maksimum 11 apabila x – 1 = 0 iaitu x = 1. \ x = 4 dan x = –2
Since a , 0, f(x) has maximum value of 11 when f(x)
x – 1 = 0 that is x = 1.
x
–2 O 4
2. (a)
(1, –9)
–8
Persamaan paksi simetri ialah x = 1

The equation of axis of symmetry is x = 1

3. (a)
5x2 – (k + 5)x + k = 0 BAB 3: SISTEM PERSAMAAN
b2 – 4ac = (–k – 5)2 – 4(5)(k)
= k2 + 10k + 25 – 20k 1. (a)
x – 2y + z = 15 …… 1
= k2 – 10k + 25 2x + 3y – 3z = 1 …… 2
= (k – 5)(k – 5) = (k – 5)2 . 0 4x + 10y – 5z = –3 …… 3
Maka persamaan kuadratik itu mempunyai 1 × 2: 2x – 4y + 2z = 30
punca-punca nyata untuk semua nilai k. 2: 2x + 3y – 3z = 1
Thus, the quadratic equation has real roots
for all values of k. Tolak/Subtract: –7y + 5z = 29 …… 4
(b)
b2 – 4ac , 0 1 × 4: 4x – 8y + 4z = 60
(–m + 3) – 4(1)(3 – m) , 0
2 3: 4x + 10y – 5z = –3

m2 – 6m + 9 – 12 + 4m , 0
m2 – 2m – 3 , 0
Tolak/Subtract: –18y + 9z = 63 …… 5
4 × 9: –63y + 45z = 261
5 × 5: –90y + 45z = 315
3
(m – 3)(m + 1) , 0
Tolak/Subtract: 27y = –54
m = –1 m=3 y = –2
m–3 – – + Ganti/Replace y = –2 ke dalam/into 4:
–7(–2) + 5z = 29
m+1 – + + z =3
(m – 3)(m + 1) + – + Ganti/Replace z = 3, y = –2 ke dalam/into 1:
\ –1 , m , 3 x – 2(–2) + 3 = 15
x =8
(c) Panjang = x, Lebar = y \ x = 8, y = –2 dan z = 3
2x + y = 560 → y = 560 – 2x
2. (a)
5x + 4y = 7 …… 1
\ Luas, A = x × (560 – 2x) → A(x)
= 560x – 2x2 3 – 2 = 2 …… 2
x y
A(x) = –2(x2 – 280x)
Daripada/From 1: y = 7 – 5x …… 3
4
= –2 x2 – 280x + –280 – –280
2 2
3 1
2 2 2 1 24 Gantikan/Replace 3 ke dalam/into 2:
A(x) = –2(x – 140)2 + 39 200 3 – 2
=2
x 7 – 5x
Maka, luas maksimum apabila x = 140 m,
4
y = 560 – 2(140) = 280 m.
7 – 5x – 2x = 2x 7 – 5x
Thus, maximum area when x = 140 m,
y = 560 – 2(140) = 280 m.
3 14 2 1
4 2
21 – 15x – 8x = 14x – 10x2
(d)
Laju = Jarak → Masa = Jarak 10x2 – 37x + 21 = 0
Masa Laju (10x – 7)(x – 3) = 0
Katakan x = kelajuan biasa yang khusairi x = 7 atau/or x = 3
berjalan 10
Let x = Khusairi walks at constant speed Gantikan nilai-nilai x ke dalam 3:
Masa jalan laju = Masa jalan biasa – 1 jam Replace the values of x into 3:
Time when walk fast = Time when walk constant
1 hour 7–5 7 1 2
10
24 = 24 – 1 x= 7 → y=
10 4
x+2 x = 7
24x = 24(x + 2) – 1(x)(x + 2) 8
24x = 24x + 48 – x2 – 2x x=3 → y = – 5(3)
7
0 = –x2 – 2x + 48 4
= –2
0 = (–x + 6)(x + 8)
x = 6, x = –8
x . 0, \ x = 6 km j–1

7, 7 → 3m = 7 , 2n = 7 Gantikan y = 1.50 ke dalam 4:

1 10 82 1 10 8 2 Replace y = 1.50 into 4:
7 7 x – 1.50 = 1.50
\ m= , n= x = 3.00
30 16
(3, –2) → (3m = 3, 2n = –2) Maka, harga secawan kopi, x = RM3.00 dan
\ m = 1, n = –1 harga sekeping donut, y = RM1.50
Thus, the price of coffee, x = RM3.00 and the price of
doughnut, y = RM1.50
3. (a) Katakan x = berat/weight of Ain
Let y = berat/weight of Milah
z = berat/weight of Salma
4

x + y = 95 …… 1
y + z = 105 …… 2
BAB 4: INDEKS, SURD DAN
LOGARITMA
x + z = 110 …… 3
1: x + y + 0 = 95 1. (a) (i) 4 loga m – loga n + 3 loga p
2: 0 + y + z = 105 = loga m4 – loga n + loga p3
= loga m × p
4 3
1 – 2: x – z = –10 …… 4
4: x – z = –10 1 n 2
3: x + z = 110 m p
4 3
4 – 3: –2z = –120
= loga 1 n 2
z = 60
Gantikan/Replace z = 60 ke dalam/into 2: (ii) 3 logx a – 1 logx b + 2 logx c
2
y + 60 = 105 1
y = 45 = logx a3 – logx b 2 + logx c2

a3 × c2
Gantikan/Replace z = 60 ke dalam/into 3:
x + 60 = 110
= logx 1 1 2
b2
x = 50
a3c2
Maka, berat Ain, x = 50 kg, berat Milah, y = 45 = logx 1 √b 2
kg dan berat Salma, z = 60 kg
Thus, weight of Ain, x = 50 kg, weight of Milah, y = 45 kg
and weight of Salma, z = 60 kg (b) (i) 2 log2 4 + log2 5 – log2 10
= log2 42 + log2 5 – log2 10
(b) Katakan x = harga secawan kopi
= log2 16 × 5
1 2
Let price of coffee 10
y = harga sekeping donut = log2 8
price of doughnut = log2 23
z = tip yang diberi =3
tip given
2x + y + z = 8.00 …… 1 (ii) 3 log4 2 + 2 log4 3 – 2 log4 6
x + 2y + z = 6.50 …… 2 = log4 23 + log4 32 – log4 62
x + y + z = 5.00 …… 3 = log4 8 × 9
1 2
36
1: 2x + y + z = 8.00
= log4 2
2: x + 2y + z = 6.50 1
1 – 2: x–y = 1.50 …… 4 = log4 4 2

2: x + 2y + z = 6.50 = 1
3: x+y+z = 5.00 2
2 – 3: y = 1.50

(c) (i) log3 (2x + 3) = 2 + log3 (2x – 1) (b)

log3 (2x + 3) – log3 (2x – 1) = 2 y = pxn – 24
(2, –8) → –8 = p(2)n – 24
log3 2x + 3 = 2 p(2)n = 16 ……… 1
2x – 1
(4, 104) → 104 = p(4)n – 24
2x + 3 = 32
p(2)2n = 128 ……… 2
2x – 1
2 p(2)2n
2x + 3 = 18x – 9 : = 128
16x = 12 1 p(2)n 16
(2)2n – n = 8
x = 3 2n = 23
4
n=3
(ii) 1 logp 9 + 1 logp 81 = 2
2
1
4
1

Gantikan/Replace n = 3 ke dalam/into 1:
p(2)3 = 16 5
2 4 p=2
logp 9 + logp 81 =2
logp 3(3) = 2
p2 = 9 3. (a)
Q(t) = Q0e0.04t
p2 = 32 2 000 = 500e0.04t
4 = e0.04t
p =3
ln 4 = 0.04t ln e
ln 4 = 0.04t
(d) (i) log2 360 = log2 (5 × 8 × 9)
1.386 = 0.04t
= log2 (5 × 23 × 32)
= log2 5 + 3 log2 2 + 2 log2 3 t = 34.66 minit/minutes
= 2.322 + 3 + 2(1.585)
= 8.492 (b)
22 900 21 . 35 000
1 2
n
20
(ii) log2 33.75 21 n . 350
1 2
20 229
log2 135 = log2 135 – log2 4
4 21
1 2 . log10 350
n
= log2 (5 × 33) – log2 22 log10
= log2 5 + 3 log2 3 – 2 20 229
= 2.322 + 3(1.585) – 2 n log10 21 . log10 350
= 5.077 20 229
n(0.0212) . 0.1842
n . 8.689
2. (a) logx 12
log6 12 = \ n = 9 tahun/years
logx 6
logx(4 × 3)
=
logx(2 × 3)
logx(22 × 3)
=
logx(2 × 3)
2 logx 2 + logx 3
=
logx 2 + logx 3
= 2h + k
h+k

BAB 5: JANJANG 2. (a) 30, 29.6, 29.2, 28.8, …

a = 30,
1. (a) T = 7n – 4 d = 29.6 – 30
n = –0.4
a = T1 = 7(1) – 4 = 3 Tn = a + (n – 1)d
T2 = 7(2) – 4 = 10 T9 = 30 + (9 – 1)(–0.4)
d = T2 – T1 = 10 – 3 = 7 = 26.8 m
S6 = 6 [2(3) + 5(7)] = 123 (b) 6 [2a + 5d] = 39
2
2
2a + 5d = 13 …… 1
6
(b) 7[(2)n – 1] S12 – S6 = 12 [2a + 11d] – 39 = –69
. 350
2
2–1
2 . 51
n
2a + 11d = –5 …… 2
n log10 2 . log10 51 1 – 2: –6d = 18
d = –3
log10 51
n. Gantikan nilai d = –3 ke dalam 1:
log10 2 Replace the value of d = –3 into 1:
n . 5.67 2a + 5(–3) = 13
n=6 a = 14
(c) (c)
n [2(100) + (n – 1)(20)] = 5 800
T2 = ar = 1 …… 1 2
2 n [180) + 20n] = 5 800
T3 = ar2 = 1 …… 2 2
10n2 + 90n – 5 800 = 0
1
2 ÷ 1: ar =
2
n2 + 9n – 580 = 0
ar 1
1 2
2

(n + 29)(n – 20) = 0
n = –29 (tidak diterima), n = 20
r=2 (not accepted)
Gantikan nilai r ke dalam 1:
Replace the value of r into 1: 3. (a) (i) T8 = a + 7d = 190
a(2) = 1 → a = 1 x + 7y = 190 …… 1
2 4 S12 = 12 [2x + 11y] = 1 920
1 [(2)3 – 1] 2 2x + 11y = 320 …… 2
S3 = 4 1 × 2: 2x + 14y = 380 …… 3
2–1 3 – 2: 3y = 60
= 7
y = 20
4
Gantikan/Replace y = 20 ke dalam/into 1.
x + 7(20) = 190
(d) T2 = a + (2 – 1)d = 8 x = 50
a + d = 8 …… 1 (ii) T3 = a + 2(10) = 140
6
S6 = [2a + (6 – 1)d] = 30 a = 120
2 TBeta = TGamma
2a + 5d = 10 …… 2
1 × 2: 2a + 2d = 16 …… 3 50 + (n – 1)(20) = 120 + (n – 1)(10)
50 + 20n – 20 = 120 + 10n – 10
2 – 3: 3d = –6 10n = 80
d = –2 n=8
Kedua-dua kedai elektronik menjual
bilangan komputer yang sama pada bulan
Ogos.
Both the electronic shops sell the same number
of computers in August.

(b) (i) a = 250, r = 1.2 2. (a)

Tn = ar n – 1 m= 5–3
T5 = ar 4 4–0
= 250(1.2)4 = 1
= 518.4 kg 2
c =3
(ii) n = 6 Y = mX + c
1 = 1 1 +3
S6 = a[r – 1] 1 2
6
r–1 y 2 x2
250[(1.2) 6
– 1] p =1– q
= y x2
1.2 – 1
7
1 =– q + 1
= 2 482.48
y px2 p
Jumlah jisim dalam satu bulan Bandingkan penyebut:
Total mass in a month Compare denominator
= 2 482.4 × 4 1 =3 → p= 1
= 9 929.92 kg p 3
q 1
– =
p 2
q
– = 1
BAB 6: HUKUM LINEAR 1
1 2
2
3
q = – 1
1. (a) (i) m = 7 – 1 Y = mX + c 6
2–0 xy = 3(x2) + 1
6
= y = 3x + 1
2 x (b) y = axn
= 3 log5 y = n log5 x + log5 a
c=1
kecerunan = n = 7 – 1
gradient 3–1
= 3
(b) m= 5 – 0
(ii) Y = 3X + c melalui/to (1, 1)
0–4 1 = 3(1) + c
= – 5 c = –2
4 c = log5 a
c= 5 = –2
Y = mX + c
a = 5–2
lg y = – 5 (lg x) + 5
4 = 1
5 25
–
lg y = lg x + lg 105 \ a = 1 dan/and n = 3
4
–
5 25
lg y = lg 105 x 4
5
–
y = 105 x 4
y = 105
5
x4

(c) Rajah/Diagram 1: y2 = m(xy) + c …… 1 y = 3kx

(i)
Gantikan/Replace (2, 10) ke dalam/into 1: p+x
10 = m(2) + c …… 2 y = 3kx(p + x)
y = 3kpx + 3kx2
1 ÷ y2: y2 = m (xy) + c2
2
y y2 y y = 3kp + (3k)x
÷ x:
x
1 = m x + c 12 …… 3
1 2 1 2 y
Y = , X = x,
y y x
Gantikan/Replace (1, –1.5) ke dalam/into 3: m = 3k
1 = m(1) + c(–1.5) …… 4 c = 3kp
Selesaikan persamaan serentak 2 dan 4:
8 Solve the simultaneous equation 2 and 4: x 1 2 3 4 5

10 = 2m + c …… 2 y
x 3 0 –3 –6 –9
1 = m – 1.5c …… 4
4 × 2: 2 = 2m – 3c
2: 10 = 2m + c
(ii) m = 6 – (–6) = –3
Tolak/Subtract: –8 = –4c 0–4
c=2 3k = –3
Ganti /Replace c = 2 ke dalam/into 2: k = –1
10 = 2m + 2 c = 3kp = 6
m=4 3(–1)p = 6
Persamaan tak linear yang asal ialah y2 = 4xy + 2. p = –2
Original non-linear equation is y2 = 4xy + 2. \ p = –2, k = –1
3.
y
—
x BAB 7: GEOMETRI KOORDINAT
1. (a) 3x + 6y = 1
6
6y = –3x + 1
4
y = – 1 x + 1
2 6
m1 = – 1
2 2
Kedua-dua garis adalah berserenjang.
Both the lines are perpendicular
x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 m1m2 = –1
–2 – 1 m2 = –1
2
m2 = 2
–4 Persamaan garis lurus ialah
Equation of the straight line is
–6
y – (–4) = 2(x – 3)
y + 4 = 2x – 6
y = 2x – 10
–8
–10

(b) AP = 1 (b) luas ∆ACE = 1

PB 3 luas ∆ABE 2
3AP = PB 1 × h × CE
3√(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = √[x – (–4)]2 + (y – 5)2 2 = 1
9[(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2] = (x + 4)2 + (y – 5)2 1 × h × BE 2
9(x – 4x + 4 + y2 – 6y + 9) = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 10y + 25
2 2
CE = 1
9x – 36x + 36 + 9y2 – 54y + 81 = x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 10y + 25
2
BE 2
8x2 + 8y2 – 44x – 44y + 76 = 0
2x2 + 2y2 – 11x – 11y + 19 = 0 1 2
C(–2, 4) E(x, y) B(1, –5)
9
2. (i) y = x + 2
E = 2(–2) + 1(1) , 2(4) + 1(–5)
1 2
Kecerunan/Gradient PQ = 1 1+2 1+2
Kecerunan RS = Kecerunan PQ –4 + 1 8 – 5
Gradient RS Gradient PQ = =
3 1 ,
3 2
k–1 =1 = (–1, 1)
7–5
k–1 =7–5 \ E((–1, 1)
k =3
(ii) Kecerunan = Kecerunan BAB 8: VEKTOR

Gradient PS Gradient QR
= 4 – 1 = –1 1. (a) (i) BP = BA + AP
2–5
y = –x + c = OA – OB + OP – OA
Gantikan/Replace (7, 3): = 12a ~ – 12b~ + 4a
~ – 12a
~
3 = –7 + c = 4a ~ – 12b
~
c = 10
Persamaan garis lurus PS ialah y = –x + 10 (ii) AR = AP + PR
Equation of the straight line PS is y = –x + 10 = OP – OA + 1 PB
4
= 4a 1
3. (a) m = 4 – (–5) = –3 ~ + 4 (12b
~ – 12a ~ – 4a
~)
BC
–2 – 1
mBC = mAD = –3 = –9a
~ + 3b
~
Persamaan AD: y – 0 = –3(x – (–4)) AR = 3b
~ – 9a
~
Equation y = –3x – 12 …… 1 = 3(b ~ – 3a
~)
mDC = 1 = 3RQ
3
AR = 3RQ
Persamaan DC: y – 4 = 1 [x – (–2)]
3
= 3
Equation AR
y = 1 x + 14 …… 2 RQ 1
3 3
Selesaikan persamaan 1 dan 2: (iii) QR = QO + OP + PR
Solve the equation 1 and 2: 1
= –4b ~ + 4a~ + 4 PB
–3x – 12 = 1 x + 14
3 3 = 4a ~ – 4b~ + 3b
~–~a
–9x – 36 = x + 14 = 3a –
~ ~ b
–10x = 50 Maka, Q, R dan A adalah segaris.
x = –5 Thus, Q, R and A are collinear
Gantikan/Replace x = –5 ke dalam/into 1. Maka/Thus, AR : RQ = 3 : 1
y = –3(–5) – 12
= 3
\ D(–5,3)

(b)
AB = lCD 3. (a) PQ = PO + OQ
5~i + 12~j = l[10~i + (m – 3)~j ] = –OP + OQ
5~i + 12~j = 10l~i + (m – 3)l~j = –p + q
~ ~
Bandingkan penyebut/Compare denominator
5 = 10l = – 6 + 2 1 2 1 2
–1 2
l = 1 –6 + 2
2 = 11+2 2
12 = (m – 3)l
–4
12 = (m – 3) 1 1 2
= 1 2
3
m – 3 = 24 2
10 m = 27 uPQu = √(–4)2 + (3)2

= 5 unit
2. (a) (i) AE = hAD
(b) PR = PO + OR
OE – OA = h(OD – OA) = –OP + 4OQ
OE = h(OD – OA) + OA = –p + 4q
~ ~
= h 2 OB – OA + OA 1 2 = – 6 + 4 21 2 1 2
5 –1 2
= h 2 (5b 3 4 –6 + 8
5 ~ ~ + 3a
) – 3a ~ = 11+8 2
= 2hb ~ + (3 – 3h)a
~
= 2 1 2
9
(ii) BE = k BC
OE – OB = k(OC – OB) u PR u = √(2)2 + (9)2
OE = k(OC – OB) + OB = √85 unit
= k 2 OA – OB + OB 1 2 Vektor unit pada arah PR

3 Unit vector in the direction of PR
= k 2 (3a 3
~ + 5b
) – 5b 4 2~i + 9 j
3 ~ ~ = ~
√85
= 2ka ~ + (5 – 5k)b
~
(b) Bandingkan persamaan (a)(i) dan (a)(ii): (c) OS = OP + PS
Compare equation (a)(i) and (a)(ii):
= OP + 2 PQ
3 – 3h = 2k …… 1 3
2h = 5 – 5k …… 2 = p + 2 (–p + q )
~ 3 ~ ~
Dari 2: h = 5 – 5k …… 3
2 = 1 p + 2 q
3~ 3~
Masukkan 3 ke dalam 1:
Insert 3 into 1: OT = OP + PT
3 – 3 5 – 5k = 2k = p + 1 PR
2 1 2 ~ 3
6 – 15 + 15k = 4k = p + 1 (–p + 4q )
~ 3 ~ ~
–9 = –11k
2
= p + q 4
k= 9 3~ 3~
11
=2 1p + 2q1 2
Masukkan nilai k ke dalam 3: 3~ 3~
Insert the value of k into 3:
\ OT = 2 OS
5–5 9 1 2
h= 11 Maka, titik-titik O, S dan T adalah segaris.
2 Thus, the points O, S and T are collinear
= 5
11

BAB 9: PENYELESAIAN SEGI TIGA 3.

(a) Luas/Area = 1 (100)(120) sin 45°
2
1. (a) SR 6 = 4 242.64 m2
(i) =
sin 75° sin 35°
SR = 6 × sin 75° (b) BC2 = 1002 + 1202 – 2(100)(120) kos 45°
sin 35° = 7 429.44
= 10.104 cm BC = 86.19 m
C
(ii) ∠PSQ = 180° – 40° – 105°
= 35° 120 m
11
PQ = 6 U
sin 35° sin 40° 45°
PQ = 6 × sin 35°
45°
B
sin 40° A 100 m
= 5.354 cm
(iii) ∠QSR = 180° – 75° – 35°

(c) sin ∠ABC = sin 45°
= 70° 120 86.19
Luas/Area ∆SQR sin ∠ABC = 0.9845
∠ABC = 79°54’
= 1 (6)(10.104) sin 70° ∠ADB = 180° – 79°54’ – 22.5°
2
= 28.48 cm2 = 77°36’
C
2. (a) 120 m 86.19 m

PR = √82 + 102 = 12.81 cm D
PT = √72 + 82 = 10.63 cm 22.5°
TR = √72 + 102 = 12.21 cm 22.5°
A B
100 m
s = 12.81 + 10.63 + 12.21 = 17.83
2 Katakan panjang tembok = x
Luas ∆PQR Let the length of wall = x
= √17.83(17.83 – 12.81)(17.83 – 10.63)(17.83 – 12.21) 100
x =
= √17.83(5.02)(7.2)(5.62) sin 79°54’ sin 77°36’
= 60.18 cm2
x = 100 × sin 79°54’
sin 77°36’
(b)
AC = √82 + 62 = 10 cm = 100.8 m
AH = √52 + 82 = 9.43 cm
CH = √62 + 52 = 7.81 cm
AC2 = AH2 + CH2 – 2(AH)(CH) kos ∠AHC
102 = 9.432 + 7.812 – 2(9.43)(7.81) kos ∠AHC
100 = 149.921 – 147.297 kos ∠AHC
∠AHC = 70°11’

BAB 10: NOMBOR INDEKS 3. (a) I = 132

112(10) + 140(40) + k(20)
+ 130(30)
1. (a) = 132
P10 100
× 100 = 115 20k + 10 620 = 13 200
P09
20k = 2 580
299 × 100 = 115 k = 129
P09
P09 = RM260
P12 (b) Bandar P: I14/10 = 112 × 0.95 = 106.4
× 100 = 145
P09 Bandar Q: I14/10 = 140
12
P12 Bandar R: I14/10 = 129w × 1.15 = 148.35
× 100 = 145 Bandar S: I14/10 = 130
260
P12 = RM377
I = 106.4(10) + 140(40) + 148.35(20) + 130(30)
100
= 13 531 = 135.31
2. (a) Barang/Item A: 100
P08 P P
× 100 = 125 → 08 = 125 → 06 = 100 P14 P
P06 P06 100 P08 125 (c) × 100 = 135.31 → 14 = 135.31
P10 P10 100
P10 P
× 100 = 150 → 10 = 150 P P
12 × 100 = 132 → 12 = 132
P06 P06 100 P10 P10 100
P P14 P14 P10
x = 10 × 100 × 100 = × × 100
P08 P12 P10 P12
P P
= 10 × 06 × 100 = 135.31 × 100 × 100 = 102.51
P06 P08 100 132
P14
× 100 = 102.51
= 150 × 100 × 100 1 200
100 125 P14 = 1 230.12
x = 120 Bilangan maksimum pelajar yang dirawat
pada tahun 2014 adalah seramai 1 230 pelajar
The maximum number of treated students in year
Barang/Item B:
2014 is 1230.
P08 P
× 100 = 106 → 08 = 106
P06 P06 100 P16 P
(d) × 100 = 110 ⇒ 16 = 110
P10 P P14 P14 100
× 100 = 135 → 10 = 135 P16 P16 P14
P08 P08 100 × 100 = × × 100
P10 P12 P14 P12
y = × 100
P06 = 110 × 102.51 × 100
P P 100 100
= 10 × 08 × 100
P08 P06 = 112.76
= 135 × 106 × 100 Peratus perubahan = 12.76%

100 100 Percentages of changes = 12.76%
y = 143.1

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(f) Bukan fungsi. Objek 6 mempunyai lebih

(b) Bukan fungsi. 11 tidak mempunyai imej.

3. Fungsi Domain Kodomain Objek Imej Julat

(b) {−1, 0, 1, 2, 3} {−2, 0, 2, 4, 6} −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 −2, 0, 2, 4, 6 {−2, 0, 2, 4, 6}

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) {4, 10, 18} {2, 5, 9, 11} 4, 10, 18 2, 5, 9 {2, 5, 9}

4. f(x) (ii) g(x) = 14

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

6. (a) h= k = (ii) f(4) = 4 – 3 = 1

(c) (i) g(3) = 3 = 3

(b) (i) fg(x) = f(5x2 – 2) (ii) f(4) = 2 – 8(4) = –30

(b) (i) g(3) = 3 = 1 (ii) g2(x) = g(x2 + 1)

(iv) g2(3) = 34 + 2(3)2 + 2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) (i) f 2(x) = f(2 + 5x) (b) = 2x – 1

11. (a) f(x) = x + 2 g : x → 12 + 3, x ≠ 0

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

(f) gf(x) = 8 – 3x2 (iii) f –1(9) = k

13. (a) (i) f(1) = −1 f

(ii) f(1) = −1, f −1(−1) = 1

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) Katakan g –1(x) = y 3

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

Katakan / Let k(x) = y (b) f 2(x) = 3(3x – 7) – 7

(c) g –1(4) = 4(4) + 12

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Mengambil / Taking, 2. g(x) = px2 – qx

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

6. g(x) = 5x – 6 9. Biar / Lety = h–1(x)

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(b) f(y) = 5y – 3 (c) Fungsi yang memetakan x kepada z ialah gf –1(x).

(d) fg(1) = f (–2)

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

2 Quadratic Functions 2(–3)

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(c) a = 9, b = –6, c = –11 Persamaan / Equation :

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

(c) Katakan satu lagi punca = b Hasil darab punca:

Hasil tambah punca:

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Pintasan-x / x-intercepts = –5, 3 p2 – 144 = 0

16p2 – 128p – 144 = 0

Persamaan itu mempunyai dua punca p2 + 16p + 60 . 0

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

(b) b2 – 4ac , 0 14. (a) Kuasa tertinggi bagi x ialah 2

13. (a) a = h, b = –3k, c = 4h

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

16. (a) Dengan / With a = 2p + 5, b = –6, c = 9, (c) f(x) = –2(x2 + 6x) + 9

(−6) − 4(2p + 5)(9) , 0

2 2 18. (a) (i) x = –2 + 10 = 4

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

19. (a)  f(x) = –(x2 – 6x) – 5

7 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

x − 200x + 10000 + 11000 = 0

(b) Bentuk graf / Shape of graph: 2. x2 = 4(2x + 3)

2. (a) f(x) = (x2 − 4kx) + 5k2 + 1 –(–8) ± 

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

–x2 + 6x – 5 = 0 (b) f(x) =0

f(x) , 0, the function does not have real roots. 2 2

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12