1

Integrated Job Analysis (IJA)

• Integrated Job Analysis Background

• IJA Defined

• IJA Steps

• Functional Job Assessment (FJA)

• IJA Example

• IJA Impact
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IJA - Introduction
• JSA Aliases

• Three-Fold Approach

> Document Firsthand Experience of Workers,

Supervisors, Others

> Identify Hazards Associated with Jobs

> Cultural Implementation of Hazard Responsibility

• Re-Action vs. Pro-Action

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IJA - Defined

"Carefully studying and recording each step of a job,

identifying existing or potential job hazards (both
safety and health), and determining the
best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate
these hazards. Improving job methods can
reduce costs resulting from employee absenteeism
and workers' compensation, and can
often lead to increased productivity."

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

 Identify Job Categories 4

IJA Procedure Prioritize Jobs

Functional Job Analysis

Detailed Job Descriptions

Job-Related Medical Criteria

Identify Opportunities

Control Exposures

Identify Accommodations
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IJA- Identify and Select Jobs

• Accident Frequency

• Accident Severity

• Judgement and Experience

• New Jobs, Non-Routine Jobs, Job Changes

• Repetitive Exposure
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NUMBER OF INJURIES BY INJURY TYPE
PATIENT TRANSFER
FALL-BACK INJURY

EXPOSURE-URINE

SWELLING

EXPOSURE-CHICKEN POX

FALL
Number of Injuries in a Department

BURN

SPRAIN

SPRAIN-BACK

CUT

BRUISE

0 10 20
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NUMBER OF LOST WORK DAYS BY INJURY TYPE
PATIENT TRANSFER

EXPOSURE-URINE

AVERAGE LOST DAYS PER INJURY = 30.51

AVERAGE COST OF INJURY = $ 2,176.49
SPRAIN

EXPOSURE-CHICKEN POX Number of Lost Work Days in a Department

BRUISE

SPRAIN-BACK

CUT

0 200 400 600 800 1000

 NUMBER OF LOST WORK DAYS DUE TO FALL BY DEPARTMENT 8
PEDIATRICS
CONFERENCE SERVICES
MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL SPECIALTIES
GENERAL SURGERY
FACULTY CLUB
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
OFFICE VP-RESEARCH AVERAGE LOST DAYS PER INJURY = 23.40
ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY AVERAGE COST PER INJURY = $ 3,018.75
ANDERSON-MAYFAIR
PATIENT ACCOUNTS
HAS
SURGERY
PSPD
PRS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INSURANCE
Injury Type & Department
PHYSICAL PLANT
MEDICAL RECORDS
SOCIAL SERVICES
PAYROLL
HEMATOLOGY
BUILDING SERVICES
NURSING
LAB MED
NUTRITION & F S
RADIOTHERAPY
CAS
0 1000 2000
 IJA - Functional Job Assessment 9

(FJA)
• Complete Description of Job Category

• Separate Each Job Into the Essential Job Functions

• Separate the Essential Job Functions (EJFs) Into

Basic Steps

• Follow Loosely Defined Rule of Thumb - 15 Steps / EJF

> If there are more than 15 steps, you probably have

2 or more EJFs
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IJA - Functional Job Assessment

(FJA)
• Document the Job Completely

• Follow One / More Workers Through Normal &

Non-Normal Routines

• Circulate EJFs for Consensus

• Worker Input is Essential

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Functional Job Analysis (FJA)

Determination of a detailed description of a
specific job function or task performed by a given
category of worker.

DOL-ETA 3-8: Job analysis is the systematic

process to identify tasks, duties and
responsibilities and working conditions associated
with a job and the knowledge, skills, abilities and
other characteristics to perform that job.
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Task - Defined

TASK: fundamental, stable work

element consisting of a
behavior and a result.

A task statement consists of an

explicit expression of a worker
action and an immediate result
expected from that action.
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Task Definition - Application

Pre-requisite to defining pre-

placement physical examinations
and physical agility testing &
training. Pre-requisite for ensuring
appropriate return-to-work
programs
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FJA Defined (cont.)

Such an explicit expression of
worker action includes all forces,
loads and torques exerted on body
parts and joints during work or any
other functional activity.
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FJA Task Statement

• The task statement consists of an explicit
expression of a worker action and an immediate
result expected from that action

• The action verb(s) used is/are modified by:

> The means (tools, method, equipment) used

> The immediate object of the action
> Some indication of the knowledge / discretion in
the worker instruction
 Elements of the FJA
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• All fundamental work elements

• Transportations, delays, operations, manipulations,

handling, etc.

• Relationship of operations to tools and equipment

used

• Forces and loads exerted on body parts and joints

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Elements of the FJA

• Environmental conditions in which work elements
are performed

• Worker interaction with data, people and things

(tools, equip., etc.)

• Worker instruction level

• Worker educational development requirements

(reasoning, mathematics, language)
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FJA Task Analysis

• Three Worker Function Scales:

- Data, People, Things

• Worker Instruction Scale

• Three General Educational Development Scales:

- Reasoning, Mathematics, Language

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FJA Procedure

1. Look at the job descriptions developed by the

Human Resources Department

2. Document all work activities in real-time on

video tape

3. Determine the percentage of time that individuals

are performing specific activities within each job
classification
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FJA Procedure (cont.)

4. Document all environmental conditions to which
personnel in each job classification are exposed

5. Document the physical demands required to perform

the assigned tasks within each job classification

6. Document communication requirements

7. Determine educational requirements based on task

requirements and job activities
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FJA Procedure (cont.)

8. Determine if different job classifications can be
described by a general job classification with
different sub-groups

9. Determine essential job function required to

perform tasks conducted by personnel in each
job classification

10. These data are the base upon which the test(s)
of functional demands are developed by the
occupational physician(s) and are also the base
on which to develop appropriate return-to-work
protocols
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FJA Procedure (cont.)

A. Determine sample groups from the population
distribution .

B. Determine validation group from a sample that is

as close as possible (if not identical) to the
sampling group.

C. Train the assessment personnel and assess

validity in the field.
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IJA-Capacity of the Worker

Worker Instructional Scale
Category:
Level of worker interaction with: Percentage of worker interaction with:
Data People Things Data% People% Things%
4 2 3A 25 5 70
Worker Instructional Scale General Educational Development
5 Reasoning Mathematics Language
---------------------------------------------------- 4 4 4
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Abilities and Knowledge

Performance Standards Training Content
Descriptive Funcional
Observe safety precautions How to work safely
Use equipment according to training How to use equipment
Alert and attentive at all times How to communicate
Ability to: How to:
Ability to: How to:
Ability to: How to:

Numerical Specific
Responds to: Knowledge of hazards
Responds to: Knowledge of procedures
Performs physical conditioning assessment Knowledge of:
in prescribed period of time and to pre- Knowledge of:
determined stadards accodring to age Knowledge of:
no injuries of damage to associated personnel
product or equipment
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Tasks (step by step)

Specific Tasks (identify in sequential steps):

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
 Operations Process Chart (OPC)
26

• Graphical presentation of a given work process.

• Shows all operations, inspections, delays, etc.,

and the amount of time dedicated to each.

• Defines the sequence of events of a job in

chronological order.

• Summarized a percentage (%) of time spent during

the operation, inspection, delay, etc.
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Operations Process & Methods Summary

Operations Process & Methods Summary

Process % Time Involved

Operation %
Handling %
Transportation %
Inspection %
Delay %
Storage %
TOTAL 100%
 Physical Activity Summary 28

Physical Activity Summary

Physical Activity % Time Involved
Climbing %
Balancing %
Stooping %
Kneeling %
Crouching %
Crawling %
Total 100%

Reaching %
Handling %
Fingering %
Throwing %
Tossing %
Placing %
Total 100%
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Physical Activity % Time Involved

Bending %

Standing %
Walking %
Running %
Sitting %
Sit/Stand %
Total 100%

Lifitng %
Carrying %
Pushing %
Pulling %
Total 100%
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Tools Used
Summary of the Tools Used
TOOL Weight (kg) % Time Used
•Hands and Arms 5.6 Men %
•
• 3.6 Women
•
%
•
%
•
•
%
• %
• %
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Physical Demands Summary

Summary of Physical Demands

Activity Weight / Force
Lift kg
Carry kg
Push kg-m
Pull kg-m
 Physical Requirements: Lifting 32

Values of variables for lifiting (Ref: NIOSH Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting, 1993)

OBJ. Task Weight HLOC VLOC VTRAV T/SFT FREQ D° CPLG RWL
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Physical Requirments: Pushing, Pulling, Carrying

Values of variables for Pushing, Pulling, and Carrying tasks (Ref: Snook, 1978)

OBJ. TASK G VLOC DTRAV Travel Interval Actual Wt/Fc Force Rqd.
 Metabolic Workload 34
Summary of Workload Assessment:
Metabolic Workload
• Basal Metabolism: 1.0 kcal/min.
• kcal/min.
• kcal/min.

Total kcal/min. kcal/min.

x 60.0 min./hr
Total kcal/hr kcal/hr
Degree of Strenuousness
Degree of Strenuousness (in kcal/min Ref. Kroemer, Rhomert, and others)
S Sendentary Work. 100 kcal/hour L Light Work 200
kcal/hour
LM Light-Medium Work 250 kcal/hour M Medium Work 300
kcal/hour
M-H Medium-Heavy work 400 kcal/hour H Heavy Work 450
kcal/hour
H-VH Heavy-very Heavy Work 500 kcal/hour VH Very Heavy Work 550
kcal/hour
 Environmental Conditions 35

Environmental Conditions:
Condition Frequency
1. Environment
Inside: %
Outside: %
2. Extreme cold with or without temperature
changes
WBGT:

3. Extreme heat with or without temperature

changes
WBGT:
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Environmental Conditions (cont.)

Condition Frequency

4. Wet and/or humid

5. Noise
TWA =

6. Vibration
Comments:
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Environmental Conditions
Environmental Conditions (cont.)
Condition Frequency

7. Risks / Hazards
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Burns
• Explosives
• Radiant Energy

8. Atmospheric Conditions
• Fumes
• Odors
• Dust
• Mists
• Gases
• Poor Ventilation
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Environmental Conditions
Environmental Conditions (cont.)
Condition Frequency

9. Safaety Precautions: Review Corporate Safety Manual

Symbols
NP Not Present Activity of condition does not exist
NS Not Significant Activity or condition is not severe
O Occasionally Activity or condition exists up to 1/3 of the time.
F Frequently Activity of condition exists form 1/3 to 2/3 of the time.
C Constantly Activity of condition exists 2/3 or more of the time.
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Additional Information

Supplemental Information Regarding the

Workplace
•
•
•
•
•
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Protective Equipment Required and/or Recommended

Protective Equipment
Rqrd Rec. Rqrd Rec Rqrd Rec.
Protective Footwear * Gloves . Respirator *
*

Safety Glasses * Hard Hat *

Hearing Protection * Fall *

Protection

Comments:
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Summary of Stessful Tasks

Initial Job / Task Assessment

Activity Stressful Postures Stressful Forces Stressful Repetitions
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Opportunities and Recommendations Regarding the Workplace

Job Enhancement Opportunities

Opportunity Recommendation(s)

• •
• •
• •
• •
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JSA Worksheet
Job Date

Position / Title Name

Department Analyst

Section Approved by

Sequence of Basic Job Steps Potential Accidents / Hazards Recommended Safe Procedure(s)

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission / Workers' Health and Safety Division

 NIOSH Work Practices Guide for 44

Manual Lifting
• Use to determine the acceptability of loads lifted and
handled

• Provides recommendations to control various types

of hazards associated with unaided acts of
symmetrical and asymmetrical (two-handed) lifting.

• Quantitative recommendations regarding the safe

load weight, size of load, location of load and
frequency of handling.
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Hazard Identification
• Struck Against • Caught Between

• Struck By • Fall From the Same Level

• Contact With • Fall From Different Level

• Contacted By • Overexertion

• Caught In • Exposure

• Caught On
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Hazard Control
• Is there a less hazardous way to
do the job?

• Can the physical conditions

creating the hazard be changed?

• Can the job / task / work

procedures be changed if
engineering doesn't work?
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Hazard Control
• Is it possible to reduce the
frequency of performing the job?

• Is it possible to reduce / increase

the amount of force required to be
produced?

• Can personal protection be

implemented when all else fails?