Stunting in the Poverty Circle

One of the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016 – 2030 is to eliminate
hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030. This target was later adopted by the government
through the development priority agenda of President Joko Widodo's government known as
Nawacita. One of the important points in Nawacita is improving the health and nutritional
status of the community to improve the quality of life of Indonesian people. Qualified human
resources are required to have strong physical, strong mentality, and excellent health as a
determining factor for the success of development. Adequate nutritional intake is one of the
determinants of the creation of quality human resources. In determining the adequacy of
nutritional intake, the term stunting is known. Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in
children under five as a result of chronic malnutrition so that the child is too short for his age.
Malnutrition occurs since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born,
however, stunting only appears after the baby is 2 years old. In Indonesia, around 37% (nearly
9 million) children under five are stunted (Basic Health Research/ Riskesdas 2013) and
worldwide, Indonesia is the country with the fifth largest prevalence of stunting. Toddlers/
Baduta who experience stunting will have a level of intelligence that is not optimal, making
children more vulnerable to disease and in the future can be at risk of decreasing productivity
levels. In the end, stunting will broadly inhibit economic growth, increase poverty and widen
inequality. In general, stunting or stunting is caused by poor nutrition in the mother, poor
feeding practices and quality of food, frequent infections and not implementing clean and
healthy living behaviors. However, the factors that cause stunting will be difficult to avoid if
people live in poverty. The poverty alleviation program is certainly a way out for stunting.
Cross-sectoral collaboration is needed to deal with stunting problems because to create a
healthy environment and support child growth and development, it is not enough to rely on the
health sector. To overcome the problem of malnutrition, various efforts can be made such as
the addition of labor-intensive programs that touch the poor in rural areas, providing health
networks in poor areas, and encouraging nutritional assistance, both by the government and the
community. Students as agents of change can contribute through outreach activities on stunting
prevention, such as the importance of breastfeeding for toddlers, nutritious food, and other
healthy living behaviors. More specifically, providing nutrition to pregnant and lactating
women (the first two years of life) and their children so that they can meet their nutritional
needs. The program can run well if all parties, both academics, communities, government
agencies are willing to work together. Students can apply public health science, especially
health promotion, by building public awareness to prioritize fulfilling family nutrition and
growing public awareness for healthy living. In this way, the vicious cycle of poverty can be
broken.

Summary : In Indonesia, around 37% (nearly 9 million) children under five are stunted
(Riskesdas 2013) and worldwide, Indonesia is the country with the fifth largest prevalence of
stunting. In general, stunting or stunting is caused by malnutrition in the mother. To overcome
the problem of malnutrition, various efforts can be made such as adding labor-intensive
programs that touch the poor in rural areas, providing health networks in poor areas, and
encouraging nutrition assistance, both by the government and by the community.
 Chronic Bronchitis
The respiratory system is a very important vital part. However, there are many diseases that
can attack the organs of the respiratory system, one of which is bronchitis. Bronchitis is
inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to the lungs. This disease causes
a cough accompanied by mucus or mucus. In addition, bronchitis can also cause shortness of
breath, fever and a feeling of pressure in the chest. Bronchitis can be caused by viruses,
bacteria, or by inhaling smoke or dust. This disease consists of 2 (two) types, namely acute
bronchitis and chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes
that generally lasts for 3 months or occurs several times in 2 years. Chronic bronchitis is a type
of lung disease that is included in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Chronic
bronchitis is a type of bronchitis that occurs due to exposure to chemicals or cigarette smoke.
Unlike acute bronchitis, which is usually caused by a viral infection and resolves within 1-2
weeks, chronic bronchitis is a more serious condition and develops over time.
The main cause of chronic bronchitis is long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. In addition to
exposure to cigarette smoke, several other conditions that make a person more at risk for
chronic bronchitis are: Live or work around active smokers, have a family history of lung
disease, are often exposed to dust or fumes from chemical combustion.
Chronic bronchitis is characterized by coughing that appears almost every day for at least 3
months in 1 year and for 2 consecutive years. Cough is also not caused by tuberculosis or other
lung diseases. Other common symptoms of chronic bronchitis include: Cough with yellow,
green, or white mucus, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Nasal congestion.
Immediately consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of chronic bronchitis as mentioned
above. It is also necessary to see a doctor if you have a cough that lasts more than 3 weeks and
is accompanied by the following conditions: Fever for more than 3 days, Coughing up blood,
Symptoms of lung disease or asthma.
Breaths become shorter After performing a physical examination, the doctor will carry out
further examinations, such as :Blood gas analysis, to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH
levels in the blood, Chest X-ray, to detect signs of infection or fluid around the
lungs.Pulmonary function tests, to measure the ability of the lungs to breathe.Spirometry test,
to measure lung function in expelling air.
Efforts that can be done include: Quitting smoking,Avoiding exposure to chemicals or air
pollution, Wearing a mask when sick or caring for sick people.
Summary : There are 2 (two) types of bronchitis, namely acute bronchitis and chronic
bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is a type of lung disease that is included in Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Chronic bronchitis is a type of bronchitis that occurs due to
exposure to chemicals or cigarette smoke. In addition to exposure to cigarette smoke, several
other conditions that make a person more at risk of developing chronic bronchitis are: Live or
work around active smokers, have a family history of lung disease, are often exposed to dust
or fumes from burning chemicals.