LESSON PLAN

ON
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Aim: At the end of session,

Students will be able to gain in depth knowledge about Nursing Research on Review of Literature
Objectives:

 Introduction of review of literature

 Definition of review of literature
 Explain the importance of review of literature
 List out the purposes of literature review
 Enumerate the sources of review of literature
 Discuss about the steps in reviewing literature

INSTITUTE : FERNANDEZ COLLEGE OF NURSING

COURSE : M.Sc NURSING 1YEAR

 SUBJECT : NURSING RESEARCH

TOPIC : REVIEW OF LITERATURE

VENUE : CLASSROOM

DATE :
TIME :

DURATION :

NAME OF THE TEACHER :

TEACHING METHOD : LECTURE CUM DISCUSSION METHOD

TEACHING AIDS : BLACK BOARD, OHP, CHART, PPT

SL OBJECTIVE TIME CONTENT TEACER LEARNER AVAIDS EVALUATION

NO ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
1. To introduce the 5 min INTRODUCTION: Lecture cum Listening Black
topic Review of literature are the foundation for theses, Discussion Board with
 dissertation, or any research papers. Era of computer Chalk
technology produced many scientific publications that
became part of literature today. Literature review serve
many purposes from selection of research projects,
dissemination of findings to development of evidenced
based proctorial.

2. Define review 5 min DEFINITION: Lecture cum Listening Black Understanding

of literature ‘An account of what has been published by accredited Discussion Board with about Review of
scholars and researcher’ Chalk literature
- Taylor

‘A literature review is a text of a scholarly paper,

which includes the current knowledge including
substantive findings, as well as theoretical and
methodological contributions to a particular topic’

- Wikipedia

‘A literature review seeks to describe, summarize,

evaluate, clarify and/or integrate the content of
primary reports'

- Cooper

3. Explain the 60 min IMPORTANCE: Lecture cum Listening PPT To know the
importance of Discussion importance of
review of 1. It Creates a Rapport with Your Audience review of literature
- A literature review helps you create a sense of
literature
rapport with your audience or readers so they can trust
that you have done your homework.
- As a result, they can give you credit for your due
diligence: you have done your fact-finding and fact-
checking mission, one of the initial steps of any
research writing.
- As a student, you may not be an expert in each field;
however, by listing a thorough review in your research
paper, you are telling the audience, in essence, that
you know what you are talking about. It helps to
discovered unanswered question about the phenomena
under investigation.

2. It Helps You Avoid Incidental Plagiarism

- Imagine this scenario, you have written a research
paper, an original paper in your area of specialization,
without a literature review. When you are about to
publish the paper, you soon learn that someone has
already published a paper on a topic very similar to
yours.
- Of course, you have not plagiarized anything from
that publication; however, if you publish your work,
people will be suspicious of your authenticity. They
will ask further about the significance of repeating
similar research.
- In short, you could have utilized the time, money,
and other resources you have wasted on your research
on something else. Had you prepared a literature
review at the onset of your research, you could have
easily avoided such mishap.
- During the compilation of your review, you could
have noticed how someone else has done similar
research on your topic. By knowing this fact, you can
tailor or tweak your own research in such a way that it
is not a mere rehashing of someone else’s original or
old idea.

3. It Sharpens Your Research Focus

- As you assemble outside sources, you will condense,
evaluate, synthesize, and paraphrase the gist of outside
sources in your own words.
- Through this process of win-owing, you will be able
to place the relevance of your research in the larger
context of what other researchers have already done on
your topic in the past
- The literature review will help you compare what
you are doing in the historical context of the research
as well as how your research is different or original
from what others have done, helping you rationalize
why you need to do this research.
- Perhaps you are using a new or different research
method which has not been available before, allowing
you to collect the data more accurately or conduct an
experiment that is more precise and exact thanks to
many innovations of modern technology.
- Thus, it is essential in helping you shape and guide
your research in the direction you may not have
thought of by offering insights and different
perspectives on the research topic.

Many Different Types:

- Depending on your area of specialization, a

literature review can take various forms:
argumentative review, integrative review,
historical review, methodological review,
systematic review, and theoretical review
- An argumentative review is written to present
an opposing view to a given position. This will
be valuable to persuade others to join you in
supporting your thesis.
- An integrative review is composed of
examinations and critical analysis on a given
topic to introduce a need for new research. For
example, you can use it on the spreading of a
pandemic plague, arguing how the old methods
of gathering and analyzing the data were
 inadequate and how modern technology, such
as DNA analysis, will help make the same
research more accurate.
- Similarly, a historical review will assess all the
historical records of scholarship
chronologically while methodological review
examines the research methods alone collection
of data, their critical analysis, interpretation,
and research results.

Essential in any Research:

Review of literature in any study is not a cup of tea; it
requires scholarly maturity. Good review of literature
is a sign of professional maturity; it shows one’s grasp
of the field, one’s methodological sophistication in
critiquing others’ research, and the breadth and depth
of one’s reading (Krathwohl,1988).
- Firstly, review of literature acts as a stepping-
stone towards achievement of the study
objectives. For scholars, the depth and breadth
of the literature review emphasizes the
credibility of the writer in his or her field.
- Secondly, literature reviews provide a solid
background to back one’s investigation. The
4. 60 min review plays a critical role in analyzing the
existing literature and giving justification as to Lecture cum Listening OHP To identify the
Discussion purpose of
how one’s research fits into the existing body
literature review.
List out the of knowledge.  This implies that the literature
Purposes of review provides the general understanding
Literature
which gives meaning to the discussion of
Review
 findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

PURPOSES OF LITERATURE REVIEW:

 As a source of research ideas, can help to

narrow a topic and sharpen ideas into problem
statements.
 To give the researcher an idea about what is
already known about a topic, can help build
assumptions that research can be built upon.
 To identify gaps in the body of knowledge.
 To identify new clinical interventions to test
through research.
 To give ideas about appropriate conceptual
frameworks.
5. 90 min  To gain information about a research approach, Lecture cum Listening PPT To differentiate
how have other researchers dealt with the discussion various sources of
Enumerate the topic? What research designs, samples, and literature review
sources of instruments did they use?
literature  Evaluate current practices and make
review. recommendations for change.
 Researchers summarize literature relevant to
their own studies in the introduction of the
research report.

SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW:

Libraries are obvious resource foe a student

performing a literature search., but other sources may
be explored to search relevant review.
- Regardless of the sources you see, keep a
bibliographic trail, track title, authors,
publication information, page numbers, library
call number (LCN), International standard
book numbers (ISBN) AND International
 standard serial numbers (ISSN), so that search
can be duplicated if necessary.
-
Type Of Sources: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
sources

 Primary sources are original materials on

which other research is based. They are from
the period involved and have not been filtered
through interpretation or evaluation. 
They are usually the first formal appearance of
results in physical, print or electronic format.
They present original thinking, report a
discovery, or share new information.

Examples include:

- Literary creation- novels, short stories, poems,

etc.
- Artifacts (e.g., coins, plant specimens, fossils,
furniture, tools, clothing, all from the time
under study)
- Audio recordings (e.g., radio programs),
- Diaries,
- Internet communications on email,
- Interviews (e.g., oral histories, telephone, e-
mail),
- Journal articles published in peer-reviewed
publications,
- Letters, Newspaper articles written at the time,
- Original Documents (birth certificate, will,
marriage license, trial transcript) Patents,
- Photographs, Proceedings of Meetings,
conferences and symposia,
 - Records of organizations, government agencies
(e.g., annual report, treaty, constitution,
government document),
- Speeches, Survey Research (e.g., market
surveys, public opinion polls)
- Video recordings (e.g., television programs)
- Works of art, architecture, literature, and music
(e.g., paintings, sculptures, musical scores,
buildings, novels, poems)
- Web site.

 Secondary sources are less easily defined than

primary sources. Generally, they are accounts
written after the fact with the benefit of
hindsight. They are interpretations and
evaluations of primary sources. Secondary
sources are not evidence, but
rather commentary on and discussion of
evidence. However, what some define as a
secondary source, others define as a tertiary
source. Context is everything.
 Examples include:

- Bibliographies (also considered tertiary)

Biographical works.

- Commentaries, criticisms, Dictionaries,

Encyclopedias (also considered tertiary).
- Histories, Literary criticism such as Journal
articles.

- Magazine and newspaper articles,

Monographs, other than fiction and
autobiography.
6. - Textbooks (also considered tertiary), Web site
90 min (also considered primary). Lecture cum Listening PPT To discuss various
discussion steps included in
 Tertiary sources consist of information which literature review
is a distillation and collection of primary and
Discuss the secondary sources.
steps of
 Examples include:
literature review
- Almanacs, Bibliographies (also considered
secondary).

- Chronologies, Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

(also considered secondary).

- Directories, Fact books, Guidebooks.

- Indexes, abstracts, bibliographies used to locate
primary and secondary sources. Manuals.
STEPS OF LITERATURE REVIEW:

1. Selection of topic for review: Selecting a topic

for review can be daunting task for the students
and novice reviewer.
(Timmins and McCabe,2005)

- As a thumb rule, it is better to start with narrow

and focussed topic and if necessary, broadens
the scope of review as you progress. It helps
you to focus on topic of interest and refine your
search strategy.

2. Searching the literature: The researcher

should select an appropriate search engine,
keywords and define search strategy to review
a topic from each angle.
 - Furthermore, it is also important for a reviewer
to check comprehensiveness and relevancy of
the review sources before proceeding literature
search.

3. Analysing and synthesizing the literature: At

this stage, it is advisable to collect all review
articles to get a sense of what they are about. It
is necessary to classify and group the similar
and related articles together.

- Use of P-preview, Q-question, R-read, S-

summary approach may be helpful and
summarize the literature. This method helps in
easy identification of relevant literature from a
bunch of retrieved published articles.

4. Writing the review: Once the appraisal of

review is over, a researcher may structure and
start writing the literature.
- Primarily, the written report includes an
introduction, main body and conclusion.
(Burns and Grove, 2007)
5. References the sources

CONCLUSION:
The research review’s purpose is to view the trends in composition studies within the past 40 years and see how commentary on student writing
has changed and is still changing. It is clear from the research reviewed that evaluative commentary is very immersed and widely practiced throughout
composition programs in today’s universities.
REFERENCES:
Burn N, Grove SK Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice, 5th edition. St. Louis Saunders Elsevier, 2010.
Polit DF, Beck CT. Essential of nursing research, method, appraisal and utilization, 6th edition, Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams Wilkins;2006.
Taylor RB. Medical writing: A guide for clinicians, educators and researchers, 2nd edition, Springer sciences and Business media, 2011.
Rajesh Kumar: Textbook of Nursing Research and Statistics, 2nd edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2019.