Pure Mathematics

Alpha and Beta

1. Find the sum and product of roots of the following by solving equations:

(a) �2 − 5� + 6 = 0, (b) 2�2 + � − 6 = 0,

(c) �2 − 3� + 1 = 0, (d) �2 − 10� + 21 = 0.

2. Find the sum and product of roots of the following without solving equations:

(a) 3�2 + 5� − 7 = 0, (b) 2�2 − 5� + 2 = 0,

(c) 2�2 − 5 = 0, (d) 3�2 + 7� = 0,

(e) ��2 − 2� + 1 = 0, (f) �2 = 3� + 7.

3. Find the sum and product of roots of the following without solving equations:

(a) � � − 2 = 5, (b) 2� � + 3 = 4� + 7,
2 1 1 1
(c) 2� + � = 3, (d) � − �+1 = 4.

4. The roots of the equation 3�2 − 8� + 2 = 0 has roots � and � find the value of each of the following.
1 1 1 1 � �
(i) � + �, (ii) �2 + �2 , (iii) �2 + �2, (iv) � + �

5. If � and � are the roots of the equation 2�2 − 4� − 3 = 0, where � > �. Find the value of each of the

Following:
1 1
(i) � + �, (ii) �2 + �2 , (iii) � − �, (iv) �3 − �3

6. f � = 2�2 + �� − 6, the equation f � = 0 has roots � and �. Without solving the equation

(a) Find, in terms of �, (i) �2 + �2 (ii) �2 �2

Given that � − � = 4,

(b) Find the possible values of �.

7. The equation �2 + 2�� + � = 0, where � is a non-zero constant, has roots � and �, where � > �.

(a) Find, in terms of �,

(i) �2 + �2 (ii) �2 �2

Given that 10�2 �2 = 3(�2 + �2 ),

(b) Find the value of �.

(c) Using your value of �. Find the exact value of � − �, giving your answer in the form � �, where � and �

are integers and � ≠ 1. [May 05/P1/Q6]

8. f � = 2�2 − 3� − 9. The equation f � = 0 has roots � and �. Without solving the equation, find
1 1
(a) �2 + �2 (b) �2 + �2 . [May 04/P1/Q8]

FAISAL MIZAN 1
 Pure Mathematics

9. The roots of the equation �2 + 5� + 3 = 0 are � and � where � > �. Without solving the equation, find

(a) the value of �3 + �3

(b) The exact value � − � .

(c) The exact value of (�3 − �3 ).

(d) Hence find the value of �3 [May 03/P1/Q6]

10. � � = �2 − 5� − 3, the roots of the equation � � = 0 are � > �, without solving � � = 0, calculate

the value of

(a) (i) �2 + �2 , (ii) (� − �)2 ,

Hence or otherwise

(b) Calculate the value of �3 + �3

(c) Find the exact value of �3 − �3

(d) Find the value of �3 , giving your answer in the form � − � �, where �, � and � are positive integers,

stating the values of �, � and �. [May 06/P2/Q7]

11. Given that the equation �2 − 5� + 7 = 0 has roots � and �, find a quadratic equation, with integer
1 1
coefficient, whose roots are � and � [Jan 89/P2/Q10]

12. The equation 2�2 + 6� + 3 = 0 has roots � and �.

(a) Show that �2 + �2 = 6.

(b) Form an equation whose roots are 2�2 and 2�2 [Jan 90/P2/Q9]

13. Given that � and � are the roots of the equation 2�2 − 4� + 3 = 0, find a quadratic equation whose

roots are
1 1
(a) �2 and �2

(b) (1 + �) and (1 + �). [May 90/P2/Q12]

14. � � ≡ �2 + �� + 2� − 3, where � is a constant. Given that the equation � � = 0 has roots � and �,

form a quadratic equation whose roots (2� + �) and (� + 2�). [Jan 91/P2/Q12]

15. Given that � and � are the roots of the equation 2�2 + 6� − 11 = 0, form a quadratic equation, with

integer coefficients, whose roots are �2 and �2 . [Jan 92/P2/Q9]

16. The roots of the equation 2�2 − 5� − 6 = 0 are � and �. Find a quadratic equation with integer

coefficients, with roots (�2 − �) and (�2 − �). [May 92/P2/Q9]

FAISAL MIZAN 2
 Pure Mathematics

17. � � ≡ 4�2 + 12� − 9. Given that � and � are the roots of the equation � � = 0, find a quadratic
2 2
equation with roots � + � and � + � . [Jan 94/P2/Q12]

18. � � ≡ �2 + 3� − 2, Given that � and � are the roots of the equation � � = 0, find a quadratic

equation with roots

(a) �2 and �2

(b) (� − �)2 and (� + �)2 [Jan 96/P2/Q5]

19. � � ≡ 3�2 + 6� − 7. Given that � and � are the roots of the equation � � = 0,
2 2
(a) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, whose roots are � and �

(b) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, whose roots are �(� + 1) and �(� + 1)

[May 96/P2/Q9]

20. � � ≡ �2 − 6� + 4. � and � are the roots of the equation � � = 0. Form a quadratic equation, with

integer coefficients, which has roots

1 1
(a) �2 and �2

1 1
(b) � + � and � + � [May 98/P2/Q13]

21. � � ≡ 2�2 + 6� + 3. The roots of the equation � � = 0 are � and �. Without solving the equation,

find

(a) the value of �3 + �3 .

(b) the value of �3 �3 .

1 1
(c) Hence form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots 3 �3 and 3 �3
3 3
(d) Form a quadratic equation, with integer coefficients, which has roots �3 and �3. [Jan 00/P2/Q9]

22. � � ≡ �2 − 7� + 3, The equation � � = 0 has roots � and �. Without solving the equation

(a) Find the value of (�2 + 1)(�2 + 1),

� �
(b) Form an equation with roots �2+1 and �2+1. [Jan 09/P2/Q7]

23. The equation 2�2 − 7� + 4 = 0 has roots � and �. Without solving this equation, from a quadratic
1 1
equation with integer coefficients which has roots � + � and � + � [May 12/P1/Q4]

24. � � = 2�2 − 5� + 1, The equation � � = 0 has roots � and �. Without solving the equation

(a) Find the value of �3 + �3 .

433
(b) Show that �4 + �4 = 16
,

FAISAL MIZAN 3
 Pure Mathematics

1 1
(c) form quadratic equation with integer coefficients which has roots �2 + �2 and �2 + �2 .

[Jan 13/P1/Q6]

25. The equation �2 + �� + 1 = 0 has roots � and �

(a) Find, in terms of �, an expression for

(i) � + �, (ii)�2 + �2 , (iii) �3 + �3

(b) Find a quadratic equation, with coefficients expressed in terms of �, whaich has roots �3 and �3 .

[May 13/P2/Q6]

Answers:
1 5 7 5 5 7 2 1
[1] (a) 5, 6, (b) − 2, −3, (c) 3, 1, (d) 10, 21, [2] (a) − 3, − 3, (b) 2, 1, (c) 0, − 2, (d) − 3, 0, (e) �, �, (f) 3, −7,
7 3 7 26 4
[3] (a) 2, −5, (b) −1, − 2, (c) 2, 1, (d) −1, −4, [4] (i) 4, (ii) 59, (iii) 13, (iv) 3
, [5] (i) − 3, (ii) 7, (iii) 10,

11 �2 45 5
(iv) 2
10, [6] (a) (i) 4
+ 6, (ii) 9, (b) ±4, [7] (a) (i) 4�2 − 2�, (ii) �2 , (b) 3, (c) 2 6, [8] (a) 4
, (b) 9,

[9] (a) −80, (b) 13, (c) 22 13, (iv) −0.339, [10] (a) (i) 31, (ii) 37, (b) 170, (c) 28 37, (d) 85 − 14 37,

[11] 7�2 − 5� + 1 = 0, [12] (b) �2 − 12� + 9 = 0, [13] (a) 9�2 − 4� + 4 = 0, (b) 2�2 − 8� + 9 = 0,

[14] �2 + 3�� + 2�2 + 2� − 3 = 0, [15] 4�2 − 80� + 121 = 0, [16] 4�2 − 39� + 54 = 0, [17] 36�2 +

12� − 1 = 0, [18] (a) �2 − 13� + 4 = 0, (b) �2 − 26� + 153 = 0, [19] 7�2 − 12� − 12 = 0, (b) 9�2
27 27
−60� + 70 = 0, [20] (a) 16�2 − 28� + 1 = 0, (b) 4�2 − 30� + 45 = 0, [21] (a) − , (b) , (c) 8�2 +
2 8

36� + 3 = 0, (d) 3�2 + 36� ++ 8 = 0, [22] (a) 53, (b) 53�2 − 28� + 3 = 0, [23] 4�2 − 21� + 18 = 0,
21
[24] (a) 4
, (c) 4�2 − 105� + 405 = 0, [25] (a) (i) –�, (ii) �2 − 2, (iii) 3� − �3 , (b) �2 − 3� − �3 � + 1 = 0,

FAISAL MIZAN 4