Intellectual Revolutions that

Defined Society

INTRODUCTION

This lesson will enlighten us on the development of science and how it transformed our
community. How the ideas metamorphosed us, the discoveries brought about by the
curious minds of humanity.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Discussed the postulated of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud

2. Develop a timeline of events for the said Intellectual Revolutionaries in terms of
the development of science and technology
3. Identify science in various areas such as an idea, body of knowledge, education,
art, and intellectual activity, a social endeavor, as a subject, and personal and
social action.

DISCUSSION

We often talk about heroes who died for freedom. Indeed, our history will tell that—same
thing today of our modern heroes like our front medical liners facing the bites of CoVID-
19. Moreover, the same goes for the heroes in the field of science who went against the
flow.

These people were intellectual revolutionists because they were able to correct prior
knowledge and break the monotony of life, which was bold and controversial. But let us
talk about how they with technical science ideas. Let us see different perspectives on
what science is.
Science as an idea includes ideas and theories available in methodological explanations
according to the natural and physical environment.

Science as an intellectual activity involves studying the physical and natural world
systematically and pragmatically through analyses and experimentations.

Science as a discipline explains the how’s and what’s of the world. It is science as a
subject.

Science, as a personal and people's activity, explains that it encompasses being

knowledge and activities practiced by men to understand the natural world.

Science as credulity is a tendency to be too ready to believe that something is real or

genuine.

Science, as an art, is an expression of the products produced.

Intellectual Revolutionist

The following science men were in the center of the limelight during their own time.
We will highlight some of their contributions and see what revolutionizes the world of
science by then.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Facts about Copernicus

1. One of the Renaissance men

2. Ideas on the thought experiment
3. Appointed as a canon at Frombork
Cathedral in Poland
4. Influenced by the Book of Johannes
Mueller
5. Authored Commentariolus (Little
Commentary)
6. Nicolas Copernicus' book De
revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the
Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres) is the start of the photo from google images

scientific revolution
In his book, he introduced two kinds of planetary motion:

1. The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the Earth's realm, thus, closer to the
sun.
2. The orbits of Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter lay outside the Earth's orbit, thus farther
from the sun.

In his postulate, one of the problems in the Copernican model was the position of the
stars, which is not in a fixed position. Although the Copernican model was a great help, it
was said to be heretic and unacceptable to the Catholics. It was banned and ignored by
Rome for the entire 16th century.

During his lifetime, the geocentric model was the rule, meaning the sun and planets
around the Earth, and Earth itself was the center of the universe.

Charles Darwin

Facts about Darwin

1. Famous for his Theory of Evolution

2. Shrewsbury School where he was
inspired to study natural history
3. Took a 5-year voyage in Galapagos
Islands through HMS Beagle
4. Published Darwin's book The Origin of the
Species in 1589
5. His book The Descent of Man was very
controversial

The contribution of Darwin in the field of Natural

Science is undeniably impressive and vital. Until
now, he was still the man to deal with on evolution.
Having apes as the descendants of men today is
such a controversy until today. What is your side of the story? photo from google images
 Sigmund Freud

Facts about Freud

1. Famous in the Field of Psychology

2. A proponent of psychosexual
development theory
3. Psychoanalysis
4. He examined frog brains
5. Believed that our base urges were sexual
6. Most of our personalities come from our
desire.
photo from google image

Even though Freud dealt with specific controversial issues such as sex, it changes the
paradigm of many to be open and be on the pursuit of the real objective of education.
Although he was born in the latter period of a scientific revolution, his theories remain
valuable and sensible in psychology or science.

SUMMARY

In this lesson, you have learned various postulates contributed by Freud, Darwin, and
Copernicus.

Darwin posited the evolution of man. Freud contributed to the psychosexual stages of
development that point out sexual desires and behavior. Lastly, Copernicus contradicted
the Catholics during that time with his postulate that the sun is the center of the universe.