Differential Equation 4.

SECTION - A : ORDER/DEGREE 6. The differential equation representing all line at a

1. The order and degree of the differential equation distance p from the origin is-
2
2 dy   dy  
(A) (x2 + y2) = 2y x  p   
 dy d3 y
3 dx   dx  
1  3   4 3 are
 dx  dx
2 2
 dy  
2   dy  
x
(B)  dx  y   p  1   dx    0
2      
(A) 1, (B) 3, 1
3
 dy   dy dy 
(C) 1, 2 (D) 3, 3 (C)  x dx  y   p dx  x dx   0
  

2. The order and degree of the differential equation  dy dx 

(D) (x – y)  dx  dy   0
 
dy d2 y
3  4 2  7 x  0 are a and b, then a + b is
dx dx
7. If y  e(K 1)x is a solution of differential equation
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 6 d2 y dy
4  4y  0 , then k equals
dx 2 dx
3. The degree of the differential equation (A) –1 (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 2
2/3
 d3 y  d2 y dy
 3 43 +5 = 0 is
dx2 SECTION - C : VARIABLE SEPARABLE
 dx  dx
8. The solution to the differential equation yny+xy'=0,
(A) 1 (B) 2 where y(1) = e, is
(C) 3 (D) None (A) x(ny )  1 (B) xy(ny )  1

 2 
SECTION - B (C) ( ny)2  2 (D) ny   x  y  1
 
FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION  2 
4. The differential equation of the family of curves
represented by y = a + bx + ce–x
xdy  y 
(where a, b, c are arbitrary constants) is 9. The solution of 2
  2
2 2
 1 dx is
x y x y 
(A) y  y (B) y  y  0
(A) y  x cot(c  x ) (B) cos1 y / x  x  c
(C) y  y  y  0 (D) y  y  y  0
(C) y  x tan (c  x ) (D) y 2 / x 2  x tan(c  x )
5. The differential equation whose solution is
10. The solution of the differential equation
( x  h)2  ( y  k ) 2  a 2 is (where a is a constant) dy = sec2 x dx is-
(A) y=secx tanx + c (B) y = 2 sec x + c
3 2
  dy  2   2  1
2 d y 
(A)  1      a
 dx 2 
(C) y = tan x + c (D) None of these
  dx   2
 

3 11. The solution of the differential equation

  dy  2  2
2 d y
(B) 1   dx    a dy
    dx 2 = (1 + x) (1 + y2) is-
dx
(A) y = tan (x2 + x + c) (B) y = tan (2x2 + x + c)
3 2
  dy  
2
 d2 y  x  2 
(C) 1   dx    a  
2  (D) none of these (C) y = tan (x2 – x + c) (D) y = tan  2  x  c 
    dx   
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4.10 Theory and Exercise Book

12. The general solution of the differential equation, SECTION - E : LINEAR FIRST ORDER
y' y '(x)  (x). '(x)  0 where ( x ) is a known 17. The solution of the equation
function is dy
x + 3y = x is-
dx
(A) y  ce (x)  (x)  1

(B) y  ce (x)  (x)  K x4 x4

(A) x3y + +c=0 (B) x3y = +c
4 4
(C) y  ce(x)  (x)  1
x4
(D) y  ce  (x ) (C) x3 y + =0 (D) None of these
 (x)  K 4

SECTION -D : HOMOGENEOUS 18. The solution of (1 + y2) dx = (tan–1 y – x) dy is -

13. The solution of the differential equation (A) xe tan 1 y = e tan 1 y (tan–1 y – 1) + c
(x2 + y2)dx = 2 xy dy is-
(A) x = c (x2 + y2) (B) x = c (x2 – y2) (B) xe tan 1 y = (tan–1 y + 1) – c
(C) x + c (x2 + y2) = 0 (D) None of these (C) xe tan 1 y = (tan–1 y – 1) + c
(D) None of these
14. The solution of the equation

dy y 19. The solution of the differential equation

x = y – x tan   is-
dx x dy
(2x  10 y 3 )  y  0 is
dx
x
(A) x sin  y  + c = 0 (B) x sin y + c = 0 (A) x  y  ce2x (B) y 2  2x 3  c
 
(C) xy 2  2y 5  c (D) x ( y 2  xy )  0
y
(C) x sin  x  = c (D) None of these
 
20. The solution of the differential equation

15. The solution of the differential equation dy

+ y = cos x is-
dx
dy
x = y (log y – log x + 1) is- (A) y = 1/2 (cos x + sin x) + ce– x
dx
(B) y = 1/2 (cos x – sin x) + ce– x
(A) y = xecx (B) y + xecx = 0 (C) y = cos x + sin x + ce–x
(C) y + ex = 0 (D) None of these (D) None of these

16. The solution of the differential equation 21. The solution of the differential equation,
dy
x2 = x2 + xy + y2 is- dy y
dx + = x2 is-
dx x
y (A) 4xy = x4 + c (B) xy = x4 + c
(A) tan–1  x  = log x + c
 
1
(C) xy = x4 + c (D) xy = 4x4 + c
y 4
(B) tan–1  x  = – log x + c
 
22. Number of values of m  N for which y  emx is a
y
(C) sin–1  x  = log x + c solution of the differential equation
 
D3 y  3 D2 y  4 Dy  12y  0 is
x (A) 0 (B) 1
(D) tan–1  y  = log x + c
  (C) 2 (D) more than 2

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Differential Equation 4.11

23. The value of the constant ‘m’ and ‘c’ for which y = SECTION - G
mx + c is a solution of the differential equation ORTHOGONAL AND ISOGONAL CURVES
28. The differential equation representing the orthogonal
D2 y  3 Dy  4 y   4x
trajectories of the family of curves xy = k2 is
(A) is m = – 1, c = 3/4 (B) is m = 1, c = 3/4 (A) xdy – ydx = 0 (B) xdy + ydx = 0
(C) no such real m, c (D) is m = 1, c = –3/4 (C) xdx – ydy = 0 (D) xdx + ydy = 0

24. The general solution of the differential equation SECTION - H : MIXED PROBLEMS
29. Which one of the following curves represents the
dy 1  x solution of the initial value problem Dy = 100 – y
 is a family of curves which looks most
dx y where y(0) = 50

like which of the following ? y

100
50
(A)
(A) (B)
O x

y
100
(C) (D)
50
(B)
O x

SECTION - F
y
EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
25. Solution of sec2 x tan y dx + sec2 y tan x dy = 0 is 100

(A) tan x tan y = C (B) tan x / tan y = C 50

(C)
(C) sec x sec y = C (D) None
O x

26. Solution of y log y dx – xdy = 0 is

(A) y = ecx (B) y = e–cx 30. Which of the following transformation reduce the
(C) y = logx (D) None differential equation
dz z z
 log z = (log z) 2 into the form
27. Solution of x cos y dy = (xex log x + ex) dx is dx x x2

(A) siny = log x + c (B) siny = e–xlog x + c du

+ P (x) u = Q (x)?
(C) siny = exlog x + c (D) None dx
(A) u = log z (B) u = ez
(C) u = (log z)1 (D) u = (log z)2

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4.12 Theory and Exercise Book

ORDER/DEGREE VARIABLE SEPARABLE

1. The degree and order of the differential 8. The equation of the curve through the point
equation of the family of all parabolas whose axis y 1
is x - axis, are respectively- (1, 0), whose slope is , is-
x2  x
(A) 2 , 3 (B) 2, 1 (A) (y – 1) (x + 1)+2x = 0
(C) 1, 2 (D) 3, 2 (B) 2x (y – 1) + x + 1 = 0
(C) x (y – 1) (x + 1)+2 = 0
2. The differential equation representing the family of (D) x (y + 1) + y (x + 1) = 0
curves y2 = 2c (x + c ), where c > 0, is a
parameter, is of order and degree as follows - 9. The solution of the differential equation
(A) order 1, degree 2 (B) order 1, degree 1 ydx + (x + x2 y) dy = 0 is-
(C) order 1, degree 3 (D) order 2, degree 2 1 1
(A) – xy = C (B) – xy + log y = C
3. The differential equation whose solution is
1
Ax2 + By2 = 1, where A and B are arbitrary con- (C) xy + log y = C (D) log y = Cx
stants is of –
(A) first order and second degree
(B) first order and first degree 10. A curve passing through (2, 3) and satisfying the
(C) second order and first degree x
(D) second order and second degree differential equation ty(t )dt  x 2 y( x ),( x  0) is

0
4. Which of the following differential equations has 9
(A) x 2  y 2  13 (B) y 2  x
the same order and degree? 2
6 x2 y2
d4y  dy  (C)  1 (D) xy = 6
(A) 4 + 8   + 5y = ex 8 18
dx  dx 
 d3 y 
4 2 11. The solution of x2dy – y2dx + xy2(x – y)dy = 0 is
 dy 
(B) 5  3  + 8 1   + 5y = x8 xy y2
 dx   dx  (A) n = +c
2/3
xy 2
  dy  3  d 3y xy x2
(C) 1   dx   =4 (B) n x  y = +c
    dx 3 2
2 xy x2 xy
dy  dy  (C) n = + c (D) n =x+c
(D) y = x2 + 1   xy 2 xy
dx  dx 
x
2
FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
5. The differential equation, which represents the
12. If  ty(t)dt  x
a
+ y(x) then y as a function of x is

family of plane curves y=ecx , is- x 2 a2

2
(A) y’ = cy (B) xy’ – log y = 0 (A) y = 2 – (2 + a ) e 2
x 2 a2
(C) x log y = yy’ (D) y log y = xy’
(B) y = 1 – (2 + a2) e 2
x 2 a2
6. The differential equation for the family of curves 2
(C) y = 2 – (1 + a ) e 2
x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0, where a is an arbitraryconstant is
(A) 2(x2 – y2) y = xy (B) 2(x2 + y2) y = xy (D) none
(C) (x2 – y2) y = 2xy (D) (x2 + y2) y = 2xy
HOMOGENEOUS
7. 2
The differential equation 2xy dy = (x + y + 1) dx2 dy
13. If x = y (log y – log x + 1), then the solution of
determines dx
(A) A family of circles with centre on x-axis the equation is -
(B) A family of circles with centre on y-axis x y
(C) A family of rectangular hyperbola with centre on (A) y log  y  = cx (B) x log  x  = cy
   
x-axis
(D) A family of rectangular hyperbola with centre on y- y x
(C) log  x  = cx (D) log  y  = cy
axis    
394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota
 Differential Equation 4.13

14. The solution of the differential equation LINEAR FIRST ORDER

(x2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0 is- 20. The solution of the differential equation
(A) x2 + y2 = cx (B) x2 – y2 + cx = 0 1 dy
(1 + y2) + (x – e tan y) = 0, is-
(C) x + 2xy = y + cx (D) x2 + y2 = 2xy + cx2
2 2
dx
1 1
(A) x e 2 tan y
= e tan y
+k
15. The equation of the curve passing through origin
1
and satisfying the differential equation (B) (x – 2) = k e  tan y

1 1
dy (C) 2x e tan y
= e 2 tan y
+k
 sin(10 x  6 y ) is
dx
1
(D) x e tan y
= tan 1 y+k
1  5 tan 4 x  5 x
(A) y  tan 1  
3  4  3 tan 4x  3
1 1  5 tan 4 x  5 x
21. The solution of the differential equation,
(B) y  3 tan  4  3 tan 4 x   3
  e x ( x  1) dx  ( ye y  xe x ) dy  0 with initial con-
11  3  tan 4 x  5x dition f(0) = 0, is
(C) y  3 tan  4  3 tan 4x   3
 
(A) xe x  2y 2e y  0 (B) 2xe x  y 2e y  0
(D) none of these
(C) xe x  2y 2e y  0 (D) 2xe x  y 2e y  0
 
16. A curve passes through the point 1, 4  & its slope 5 dy
  22. The solution of y x  y  x  0 is
dx
2 y y
at any point is given by x  cos  x  . Then the (A) x 4 / 4  1/ 5( x / y )5  C
 
curve has the equation (B) x 5 / 5  (1/ 4) ( x / y )4  C
1  e
(A) y  x tan  n x  (B) y  x tan 1 ( n  2) (C) ( x / y )5  x 4 / 4  C
 
1 1  e
(C) y  x tan  n x  (D) none (D) ( xy ) 4  x 5 / 5  C
 
1 23. The solution of the differential equation,
17. A function f(x) satisfying  f ( tx )dt  nf ( x ) , where
dy 1 1
0 x2 .cos – y sin = –1, where y  –1 as x 
x > 0, is dx x x
1n n  is
(A) f(x) = c.x n (B) f(x) = c.x n 1
1 1 x 1
1 (A) y = sin – cos (B) y = 1
x x x sin
(C) f(x) = c.x n (D) f(x) = c.x(1–n) x

1 1 x 1
dy (C) y = cos + sin (D) y =
18. The general solution of the differential equation + x x 1
dx x cos
x
1 cos 2 y
= 0, is given by- dy
1 – cos 2x 24. The solution of + y tan x = sec x is-
dx
(A) tan y + cot x = c (B) tan y – cot x = c
(A) y secx = tanx+ c (B) y tan x = sec x + c
(C) tan x – cot y = c (D) tan x + cot y = c
(C) tanx = y tanx+c (D) x sec x = y tan y + c
19. The solution of the differential equation
25. The solution of the equation
dy xy dy
= x 2  y 2 is- + y tan x = xm cos x is-
dx dx
(A) (m+1) y = xm+1 cos x + c (m+1) cos x
(A) ay2
= e x 2 / y2 (B) ay = ex/y (B) my = (xm + c) cos x
(C) y = + + c (D) y = + y2 + c (C) y = (xm+1 + c) cos x (D) None of these

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4.14 Theory and Exercise Book

26. The solution of the differential equation 33. Water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank
by opening a valve at the base of the tank. It is
dy 3x 2 sin 2 x
+ y = is - known that the rate at which the water level drops
dx 1 x3 1 x3
is proportional to the square root of water depth y,
(A) y (1 + x3) = x + 1/2 sin 2x + c
where the constant of proportionality k > 0 depends
(B) y (1 + x3) = cx + 1/2 sin 2x
on the acceleration due to gravity and the geom-
(C) y (1 + x3) = cx –1/2 sin 2x
etry of the hole. If t is measured in minutes and k =
x 1 1/15 then the time to drain the tank if the water is 4
(D) y (1 + x3) = – sin 2x + c
2 4
meter deep to start with is
(A) 30 min (B) 45 min
27. The solution of the equation
(C) 60 min (D) 80 min
(1– x2) dy + xy dx = xy2 dx is-
(A) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = 0 x
34. If y = n | cx | (where c is an arbitrary constant) is
(B) (y – 1)2 (1 – x2) = c2y2
(C) (y – 1)2 (1 + x2) = c2y2 the general solution of the differential equa-
(D) None of these
dy y x x
EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
tion = +    then the function    is
dx x y
  y
28. Solve the differential equation
(2xy –3x2)dx+(x2–2y)dy = 0 x2 x2
(A) x2y – x3 – y2 = c (B) x2y + x3 + y2 = c (A) (B) –
y2 y2
(C) x2y + x3 – y2 = c (D) None of these
y2 y2
29. Find the particular solution of (cos x – x sin x + (C) (D) –
x2 x2
y2)dx + 2xy dy = 0
that satisfies the initial condition y = 1 when x =  35. Number of straight lines which satisfy the differential
(A) xy2 + xcos x = 0 (B) xy2 – xcos x = 0
2
(C) xy2 + xsin x = 0 (D) x2y + x sin x = 0 dy  dy 
equation + x   – y = 0 is
ORTHOGONAL AND ISOGONAL CURVES dx  dx 
30. Orthogonal trajectories of family of the curve x2/3 (A) 1 (B) 2
+ y2/3 = a2/3 , where a is any arbitrary constant, is (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) x2/3 — y2/3 = c (B) x4/3 — y4/3 = c
4/3
(C) x + y = c4/3 (D) x1/3 — y1/3 = c
36. If f’’(x) + f’(x) + f2(x) = x2 be the differential equa-
31. The curve for which the normal at any point (x,y) tion of a curve and let P be the point of maxima
and the line joining origin to that point form an then number of tangents which can be drawn from
isosceles triangle with the x-axis as base is point P to x2 – y2 = a2 is
(A) an ellipse (A) 2 (B) 1
(B) a rectangular hyperbola (C) 0 (D) either 1 or 2
(C) a circle (D) none of these

MIXED PROBLEMS 37. If y  e(K 1)x is a solution of differential

32. A curve C passes through origin and has the prop-
erty that at each point (x, y) on it the normal line at d2 y dy
equation 4  4y  0 , then k equals
that point passes through (1, 0). The equation of a dx 2
dx
common tangent to the curve C and the parabola
(A) –1 (B) 0
y2 = 4x is
(A) x = 0 (B) y = 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
(C) y= x+ 1 (D) x+y+1=0

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Differential Equation 4.15

ORDER/DEGREE (B) the solution of an equation which is

reducible to linear equation.
d2 y dy
1. The differential equation + + sin y + x2 = 0 (C) 2/x = 1 – y2 + e–y/2
dx2 dx
is of the following type 1 2x 2
(D) = – y2 + C e  y / 2
(A) linear (B) homogeneous x
(C) order two (D) degree one EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
FORMATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 7. The equation of the curve passing through (3, 4) &
2. Let y = (A + Bx)e3x be a solution of the differential satisfying the differential equation,
2
d2 y dy  dy  dy
equation +m + ny = 0, m, n  I, then y   + (x – y) – x = 0 can be
dx2 dx dx
  dx
(A) m+n=3 (B) n2 – m2=64 (A) x – y + 1=0 (B) x2 + y2 =25
(C) m=–6 (D) n=9 2 2
(C) x + y – 5x – 10=0 (D) x + y – 7=0
VARIABLE SEPARABLE 8. The orthogonal trajectories of the system of curves
dy y 2
3. y = ae–1/x + b is a solution of  then  dy  4
dx x 2   = are
dx
  x
(A) a  R (B) b = 0
(C) b = 1  x3 / 2
(D) a takes finite nuimber of values (A) 9(y + c)2 = x3 (B) y + c =
3
HOMOGENEOUS
x3 / 2
4. Which one of the following is homogeneous function ? (C) y + c = (D) all of these
3
xy
(A) f(x, y) = MIXED PROBLEMS
x2  y2
9. The solution of the differential equation
1 2
 x 2
(B) f ( x, y )  x 3 .y 3 tan 1  dy  dy x
y   – (e + e–x) + 1 = 0 is
 dx  dx
(C) f(x, y) = x (n x 2  y 2 – ny) + yex / y (A) y + e–x = c (B) y – e–x = c
(C) y + ex = c (D) y – ex = c
 2x2  y 2 
(D) f(x, y) = x n  n( x  y ) 10. The function f(x) satisfying the equation,
 x 
f2(x) + 4f’(x) . f(x) + [f’(x)]2 = 0 is
 x  2y  (A) f(x) = c . e( 2  3 )x
(B) f(x) = c . e( 2  3 )x
+ y2 tan  3 x  y 
 
(C) f(x) = c . e( 3  2) x
(D) f(x) = c . e ( 2  3 )x

LINEAR FIRST ORDER

11. Let C be a curve such that the normal at any point
5. The graph of the function y = f(x) passing
P on it meets x-axis and y-axis at A and B
through the point (0, 1) and satisfying the differen-
respectively. If BP : PA = 1 : 2 (internally) and the
dy curve passes through the point (0, 4), then which of
tial equation + y cos x = cos x is such that
dx the following alternative(s) is/are correct ?
(A) it is a constant function
(B) it is periodic
(A) The curve passes through  10 ,  6
(C) it is neither an even nor an odd function (B) The equation of tangent at 4, 4 3  is
(D) it is continuous & differentiable for all x.
 dy 
2 x  3y  20
6. The solution of  dx  (x2 y3 + xy) = 1 is (C) The differential equation for the curve is yy' +
 
2x = 0
2
(A) 1/x = 2 – y2 + C e  y /2
(D) The curve represent a hyperbola.
www.motioniitjee.com
4.16 Theory and Exercise Book

1. State the order & degree of the following differen-

dy x 2  xy
tial equations : 12. (a) 
dx x 2  y 2
3 4
 d2 x   dx 
(i)  2     xt  0

 dt   dt  (b) (x3 – 3xy2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy

3/2
d2 y   dy  2 
(ii)  1     13. Use the substitution y2 = a – x to reduce the
dx 2   dx  
dy
equation y3 . + x + y2 = 0 to homogeneous form
dx

n(sec x  tan x ) n(sec y  tan y) and hence solve it.

2. dx  dy
cos x cos y

 y y  y y  dy
14.  x cos x  y sin x  y  y sin x  x cos x  x dx
   
dy ( x 2  1)( y 2  1)
3.  0
dx xy
15. (x – y) dy = (x + y + 1) dx

dy dy x  y 1
4. = sin (x + y) + cos (x + y) 16. 
dx dx 2x  2y  3

5. e(dy/dx) = x + 1 given that when x = 0, y = 3 17. Show that the curve such that the distance
between the origin and the tangent at an arbitrary
6. (x - y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0 point is equal to the distance between the origin
and the normal at the same
dy tan y 1 y
7.  = (1 + x) ex sec y point. x 2  y 2  ce  tan
dx 1  x x

dy e y 1 18. Let f(x, y, c1 ) = 0 and f(x, y, c2 ) = 0 define two

8.  
dx x 2 x integral curves of homogeneous first order differen-
tial equation. If P1 and P2 are respectively the points
of intersection of these curves with an arbitrary
dy y2  x line, y = mx then prove that the slopes of these two
9. 
dx 2y( x  1) curves at P1 and P2 are equal.

19. Let y = y (t) be a solution to the differential equa-

dy
10.  e x  y (e x  e y ) y
dx tion y’ + 2t y = t2, then find Lim .
t  t

x dy  y dx
11. x dy + y dx + =0 dy
x2  y2 20. (1 – x2) + 2xy = x (1 – x2)1/2
dx

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Differential Equation 4.17

21. (1 + y2) dx = (tan–1 y – x)dy 28. Find the curve for which the sum of the lengths of the
tangent and subtangent at any of its point is proportional
dy
to the product of the co-ordinates of the point of tangency,
22. – y n 2 = 2sin x . (cos x – 1) ln 2, y being the proportionalityfactor is equal to k.
dx
bounded when x  + .
29. Find the curve y = f(x) where f(x)  0, f(0) = 0,
bounding a curvilinear trapezoid with the base [0,
23. Consider the differential equation,
x] whose area is proportional to (n + 1)th power of
dy f (x). It is known that f(1) = 1.
+P(x)y = Q(x)
dx
(i) If two particular solutions of given equation 30. Find the equation of a curve such that the projection of
u(x) and v(x) are known, find the general so- its ordinate upon the normal is equal to its abscissa.
lution of the same equation in terms of u(x)
and v(x). 31. The light rays emanating from a point source situated
at origin when reflected from the mirror of a search light
(ii) If  and  are constants such that the linear are reflected as beam parallel to the x-axis. Show that
combinations .u(x) + .v(x) is a solution of the surface is parabolic, by first forming the differential
the given equation, find the relation between  equation and then solving it.
and .
32. The perpendicular from the origin to the tangent at
(iii) If w(x) is the third particular solution different any point on a curve is equal to the abscissa of the
from u(x) and v(x) then find the ratio point of contact. Find the equation of the curve
satisfying the above condition and which passes
v( x )  u( x )
. through (1, 1).
w( x )  u( x )

33. Find the curve for which any tangent intersects the
24. (1 – x2)2dy +  y 1  x 2  x  1  x 2  dx = 0. y-axis at the point equidistant from the point of tan-
 
gency and the origin.
25. Find the integral curve of the differential equation, x
34. Find the curve such that the area of the trapezium
dy
(1–x  ny). +y=0 which pa sses through formed by the co-ordinate axes, ordinate of an arbi-
dx
trary point and the tangent at this point equals half
 1 the square of its abscissa.
1,  .
 e
35. Find the equation of the curve passing through the
26. A tank consists of 50 litres of fresh water. Two origin if the middle point of the segment of its nor-
litres of brine each litre containing 5 gms of dis- mal from any point of the curve to the x-axis lies on
solved salt are run into tank per minute; the mixture the parabola 2y2 = x.
is kept uniform by stirring, and runs out at the rate
of one litre per minute. If ‘m’ grams of salt are 36. A perpendicular drawn from any point P of the curve
present in the tank after t minute, express ‘m’ in on the x-axis meets the x-axis at A. Length of the
terms of t and find the amount of salt present after perpendicular from A on the tangent line at P is
10 minutes. equal to ‘a’. If this curve cuts the y-axis orthogo-
nally, find the equation to all possible curves, ex-
27. A normal is drawn at a point P(x, y) of a curve. It
pressing the answer explicitly.
meets the x-axis at Q. If PQ is of constant length k,
then show that the differential equation describing
37. Find the curve for which the portion of y-axis cut-
dy off between the origin and the tangent varies as
such curves is, y   k   y 2 . Find the
dx cube of the abscissa of the point of contact.
equation of such a curve passing through (0, k).

www.motioniitjee.com
4.18 Theory and Exercise Book

38. Find the orthogonal trajectories for the given family
of curves when ‘a’ is the parameter.
(i) y = ax2 (ii) cos y = a e–x
(iii) xk + yk = ak
(iv) Find the isogonal trajectories for the family of
rectangular hyperbolas x2 – y2 = a2 which makes
with it an angle of 45º.
39. The population P of a town decreases at a rate
proportiona l to the number by which the
population exceeds 1000, proportionality constant
being k > 0. Find
(a) Population at any time t, given initial
population of the town being 2500.
44. A tank contains 100 litres of fresh water. A solution
containing 1 gm/litre of soluble lawn fertilizer runs
into the tank at the rate of 1 lit/min and the mixture
is pumped out of the tank of 3 litres/min. Find the
time when the amount of fertilizer in the tank is
maximum.
45. A tank with a capacity of 1000 litres originally
contains 100 gms of salt dissolved in 400 litres of
water. Beginning at time t = 0 and ending at
time t = 100 minutes, water containing 1 gm of salt
per litre enters the tank at the rate of 4 litre/minute
and the wheel mixed solution is drained from the
tank at a rate of 2 litre/minute. Find the differential
equation for the amount of salt y in the tank at time t.

1
(b) If 10 years later the population has fallen to 1900, dy
46. =y+  y dx given y = 1, where x = 0
find the time when the population will be 1500. dx
0

(c) Predict about the population of the town in the 47. Find the continuous function which satisfies the re-
long run. x x

 
lation, t f ( x  t ) dt = f ( t ) dt + sin x + cos x – x – 1,
40. It is known that the decay rate of radium is directly 0 0

proportional to its quantity at each given instant. for all real number x.
Find the law of variation of a mass of radium as a
function of time if at t = 0, the mass of the radius 48. A curve passing through (1, 0) such that the ratio of
was m0 and during time t0 % of the original mass the square of the intercept cut by any tangent off the
y-axis to the subnormal is equal to the ratio of the
of radium decay.
product of the co-ordinates of the point of tan-
gency to the product of square of the slope of the
41. Let the function ln f(x) is defined where f(x) ex- tangent and the subtangent at the same point. De-
ists for x  2 and k is fixed positive real number, termine all such possible curves.
d
prove that if (x. f(x))  – k f(x) then f(x)  A x– COMPREHENSION
dx
Let y = f(x) and y = g(x) be the pair of curves such that
1–k where A is independent of x. (i) the tangents at point with equal abcissae
intersect on y-axis
42. Find the differentiable function which satisfies the
x x (ii) the normals drawn at points with equal abscissae
intersect on x-axis and
 
equation f(x) = – f ( t ) tan tdt  tan( t  x )dt where
0 0
(iii) curve f(x) passes through (1, 1) and g(x) passes
x  (–/2, /2) through (2, 3) then

   49. The curve f(x) is given by -

43. Find all functions f(x) defined on   ,  with real
 2 2 2 1
(A) x (B) 2x 2 
values and has primitive F(x) such that f(x) + cos x x x

sin 2x 2
(C) x (D) none of these
. F(x) =
(1  sin x )2
. Find f(x). x2

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Differential Equation 4.19

50. The curve g(x) is given by -

1 2
(A) x – (B) x +
x x
1
(C) x2 – (D) none of these
x2
2
51. 
The value of (g( x)  f ( x ))dx is -
1

(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 4 n2

MATCH THE COLUMN

52. Column-I Column-II
(A) A curve passing through (P) Straight line
(2, 3) having the property
that length of the radius
vector of any of its point P
is equal to the length of the
tangent drawn at this point, can be

(B) A curve passing through (Q) Circle

(1, 1) having the property
that any tangent intersects
the y-axis at the point which
is equidistant from the point
of tangency and the origin, can be

(C) A curve passing through (R) Parabola

(1, 0) for which the length of
normal is equal to the radius
vector, can be

(D) A curve passes through (S) Hyperbola

the point (2, 1) and having the
property that the segment of
any of its tangent between
the point of tangency and the
x-axis is bisected by the y-axis, can be

www.motioniitjee.com
4.20 Theory and Exercise Book

1. The differential equation of all circles passing 8. The population p(t) at time t of a certain mouse
through the origin and having their centres on the
dp(t)
x-axis is- [AIEEE 2007] species satisfies the differential equation =0.5
dt
dy dy
(A) x2 = y2 + xy (B) x2 = y2 + 3xy p(t) – 450. If p(0) =850, then the time at which the
dx dx
dy dy population becomes zero is: [AIEEE 2012]
(C) y2 = x2 + 2xy (D) y2 = x2 - 2xy 
dx dx
(A) ln 18 (B) ln 18
2
2. The differential equation of the family of circles (C) 2 ln 18 (D) ln 9
with fixed radius 5 units and centre on the line
y = 2 is - [AIEEE 2008] 9. At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It
(A) (y – 2) y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 is estimated that rate of change of production P
(B) (y – 2)2 y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2 w.r.t additional number of workers x is given by
(C) (x – 2)2 y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2
dP
(D) (x – 2) y2 = 25 – (y – 2)2  100  12 x . If the firm employs 25 more
dx
workers, then the new level of production of items
dy x  y
3. The solution of the differential equation = is : [JEE Main 2013]
dx x
satisfying the condition y (1) = 1 is- [AIEEE 2008] (A) 3500 (B) 4500 (C) 2500 (D) 3000
(A) y = x n x + x2 (B) y = xe(x–1)
(C) y = x n x + x (D) y = n x + x
10. The angle between the lines whose direction cosines
4. The differential equation which represents the satisfy the equations  + m + n = 0 and 2 = m2 + n2
is : [JEE Main 2014]
family of curves y = c1 e c 2 x where c1 and c2 are    
arbitrary constants, is - [AIEEE 2009] (A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 6 2
(A) y = y2 (B) y= y y
(C) yy = y (D) yy = (y)2 11. Let the population of rabbits surviving at a time t be
governed by the differential equation
5. Solution of the differential equation cos x dy = y
dp(t) 1
 = p(t) – 200. [JEE Main 2014]
(sin x – y) dx, 0 < x < is - [AIEEE 2010] dt 2
2 If p(0) = 100, then p(t) equals :
(A) sec x = (tan x + c) y
(1) 400 – 300 et/2 (2) 300 – 200 e–t/2
(B) y sec x = tan x + c t/2
(3) 600 – 500 e (4) 400 – 300 e–t/2
(C) y tan x = sec x + c
(D) tan x = (sec x + c) y
12. Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
6. Let I be the purchase value of an equipment and dy
(x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x  1). Then y(e) is
V(t) be the value after it has been used for t years. dx
The value V(t) depreciates at a rate given by equal to : [JEE Main 2015]
(A) 2 (B) 2e (C) e (D) 0
dV(t)
differential equation =–k (T–t), where k>0
dt 13. If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, –1)
is a constant and T is the total life in years of the and satisfies the differential equation, y(1 + xy) dx
equipment. Then the scrap value V(T) of the equip-
ment is : [AIEEE 2011]  1
= x dy, then f   2  is equal to:[JEE Main 2016]
 
1 KT 2
(A) T2 – (B) I – 4 2 4 2
k 2 (A)  (B) (C) (D) 
5 5 5 5
k(T  t)2
(C) I  (D) e–kT
2 dy
14. If (2 +sinx) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1,
dx
dy 
7. If = y + 3 > 0 and (0) = 2, then y (ln 2) is equal then y  2  is equal to : [JEE Main 2017]
dx  
to : [AIEEE 2011]
1 2 1 4
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 13 (D) –2 (A) (B) – (C) – (D)
3 3 3 3
394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota
 Differential Equation 4.21

1.(a) Let f(x) be differentiable on the interval (0, ) such 4. If. y (x) satisfies the differential equation
2 2
t f ( x)  x f (t) y' – y tan x = 2x sec x and y (0) = 0, then
that f(1) = 1 and Lim = 1 for each
tx tx [JEE 2012]
x > 0. Then f(x) is [JEE 2007]
1 2x 2
 1 4x 2  2  2
(A) + (B) + (A) y  4   (B) y'  4   18
3x 3 3x 3   8 2  
1 2 1
(C) + 2 (D)
x x x  2   4 22
(C) y  3   9 (D) y'  3   3 
    3 3
dy 1  y2
(b) The differential equation =
dx y
determines a family of circles with  
(A) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, 1) 5. A curve passes through the point 1, 6  . Let the
 
(B) variable radii and a fixed centre at (0, –1)
(C) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the solpe of the curve at each point (x, y) be
x-axis.
(D) fixed radius 1 and variable centres along the y- y y
+ sec  x  , x > 0. Then the equation of the
axis. x  

curve is [JEE 2013]

2. Let a solution y = y (x) of the differential equation,
2 y 1
x x 2  1 dy = y y 2  1 dx = 0 satisfy y(2) = . (A) sin   log x 
3 x 2
 
STATEMENT-1 : y (x)=sec  sec 1 x  
 6  y
[JEE 2008] (B) cos ec    log x  2
x
and
STATEMENT-2 : y (x) is given by  2y 
(C) sec   log x  2
 x 
1 2 3 1
= – 1
y x x2  2y  1
(D) cos   log x 
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ;  x  2
Statement-2 is correct explanation for State-
ment-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ;
Statement-2 is NOT a correct explana- Paragraph for Question 6 and 7
tion for Statement-1. Let f : [0, 1] R (the set of all real numbers) be a
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. function. Suppose the function f is twice
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
differentiable, f (0) = f (1) = 0 and satisfies
f" (x) – 2f' (x) + f(x) ex, x [0, 1].
3. Let y'(x) + y(x)g'(x) = g(x)g'(x), y(0) = 0, x  R, [JEE 2013]
d f(x) 6. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ?
where f'(x) denotes and g(x) is a given non-
dx
1 1
(A) 0 < f(x) <  (B)   f(x) 
constant differentiable function on R with g(0) = 2 2
g(2) = 0. Then the value of y(2) is [JEE 2011]
1
(C)   f(x)  1 (D) – < f (x) < 0
4

www.motioniitjee.com
4.22 Theory and Exercise Book

7. If the function e–x f(x) assumes its minimum in the interval 9. Let y(x) be a solution of the differential eqution (1
+ ex)y’ + yex = 1. If y(0) = 2, then which of the
1
[0, 1] at x = , which of the following is true ? following statements is (are) true? [JEE 2015]
4
(A) y(–4) = 0 (B) y(–2) = 0
1 3 (C) y(x) has a critical point in the interval
(A) f '(x) < f(x), <x<
4 4 (–1, 0)
1 (D) y(x) has no critical point in the interval (–1, 0)
(B) f '(x) > f(x), 0 < x <
4
10. consider the family of all circles whose
1 centers lie on the straight line y = x.
(C) f ' (x) < f (x), 0 < x <
4
If this family of circles is represented by the differ-
3 ential equation Py” + Qy’ + 1 = 0,
(D) f ' (x) < f (x), <x<1
4 where P, Q are fucntions of x, y and
dy d2 y
8. The function y = f(x) is the solution of the y’ (here y’ = , y” = ), then which of the
dx dx2
following statement is (are) true? [JEE 2015]
dy xy x4  2x
differential equation + 2 = in (A) P = y + x
dx x –1 1 – x2
(B) P = y – x
3 (C) P + Q = 1 – x + y + y’ + (y’)2
2
(–1, 1) satisfying f(0) = 0. Then  f(x) dx is (D) P – Q = x + y – y’– (y’)2
3
–
2
[JEE 2014] 11. A solution curve of the differential equation
3 3
(A)

3
–
2
(B)

3
–
4
x 2
 xy  4x  2y  4  dy
dx
2
y  , x > 0 passes

through the point ( 1, 3). Then the solution curve

 3  3
(C) – (D) – [JEE 2016]
6 4 6 2
(A) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at one point
(B) intersects y = x + 2 exactly at two points
(C) intersects y = ( x + 2)2
(D) does NOT intersects y = ( x + 3)2

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota

 Differential Equation 4.23

EXERCISE - I
JEE Main
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
8. A 9. C 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C
15. A 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. A
22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C
29. B 30. C

EXERCISE - II
JEE Advance
Single correct Option - type Questions
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. C
8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A
15. A 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B
22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A
29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
36. D 37. C

Multiple correct Option - type Questions

1. C,D 2. A,C,D 3. A,B 4. A,B,C 5. A,B,D 6. A,B,D
7. A,B 8. A,B,C,D 9. A,D 10. C,D 11. A,D

EXERCISE - III
Subjective - type Questions
1. (i) order 2 & degree 3 (ii) order 2 & degree 2 2. n2 (sec x + tan x) – n2 (sec y + tan y) = c

 x  y
3. x 2  1 – sec–1 x + y2  1 = c 4. n 1  tan =x+c 5. y = (x + 1) . n (x + 1) – x + 3
 2 

6. y2 + x n ax = 0 7. sin y = (ex + c) (1+x) 8. cx2 + 2xe–y = 1

c c
9. y2 = –1 + (x + 1) n or x + (x + 1) n 10. e y = c . exp (–ex) + ex – 1
x 1 x 1

y
11. xy + tan–1 =c
x

 1 x  2y 
12. (a) c(x – y)2/3 (x2 + xy + y2)1/6 = exp  tan 1  where exp x  ex , (b) y2 – x2 = c (y2 + x2)2
 3 x 3 

1 a y
13. n |x2 + a2| – tan–1   = c, where a = x + y2 14. xy cos =c
2 x x

2y  1 2 2 1 4 1
15. arc tan = ln c x  y  x  y  16. x + y + = ce3(x – 2y) 19.
2x  1 2 3 2

20. y = c (1 – x2) + 1 x 2 21. x = ce–arctany + arc tan y – 1 22. y = 2sin x

23. (i) y = u(x) + K(u(x) – v(x)) where K is any constant ; (ii)  +  = 1; (iii) constant

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4.24 Theory and Exercise Book

x

x 1 x 2  50  2
24. y = = ce 25. x(ey + n y + 1) = 1 26. y=5t 1   gms ; 91 gms
1 x 2
 50  t  3

1
27. x2 + y2 = k2 28. y =
k

n c k 2 x 2  1  29. y = x1/n

2
y2  y y2  x 2  2 2 c
30. = n  y  y  x . 3 , where same sign has to be taken 32. x2 + y2 – 2x = 0
x2 x

ex / a  ex / a
33. x2 + y2 = cx 34. y = cx2 ± x 35. y2 = 2x + 1 – e2x 36. y = ± a &y=±a
2

1 1
37. 2y + Kx3 = cx 38. (i) x2 + 2y2 = c, (ii) siny = ce–x, (iii) y = cx if k = 2 and – =
x k 2 y k 2

1
k2 if k  2 (iv) x2 – y2 + 2xy = c; x2 – y2 – 2xy = c
c

1 5
39. (a) P = 1000 + 1500 e–kt where k = n   ; (b) T = 10 log5/3(3); (c) P = 1000 as t  
10  3 

1    2 cos x
40. m = m0e–kt where k = – n 1   42. cos x – 1 43. f(x) = – – Ce–sin x. cos x
to    (1  sin x )2

7 dy y 1
44. 27 minutes 45. =4– 46. y = (2 ex – e + 1)
9 dt 200  t 3e
2 y/ x 2 y / x
47. f(x) = ex – cos x 48. x  e ;xe

Comprehension - based Questions

49. A 50. B 51. B

Matrix Match - Type Questions

52. (A)  (P, S) ; (B)  (Q) ; (C)  (Q, S) ; (D)  (R)

EXERCISE - IV
Previous Year’s Question
JEE Main
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A
8. C 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A

JEE Advanced
1. (a) A, (b) C 2. C 3. 0 4. A,D 5. A 6. D
7. C 8. A,C 9. B,C 10. B,C 11. A,D

394-Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota