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Students can go through AP SSC 10th Class Maths Notes Chapter 2 Sets to understand and
remember the concepts easily.
i) All the objects in the set should have a common feature or property.
ii) It should be possible to decide whether any given object belongs to the set or not.
iii) A group of numbers iii) A group of even natural numbers less than 15
i.e., a, b, c, , x, y, z, etc.
→ Thus, in a notation form, ‘b’ belongs to A is written as b ∈ A and ‘c’ does not belong to ‘A’ is
written as c ∉ A.
→ Representation of sets: Sets are generally represented by the following two methods.
→ Roster (or) Tabular form: In this form, all elements of the set are written, separated by commas,
within curly brackets.
Example:
ii) The set of all letters in the word “JANUARY” is represented as B = {A, J, N, R, U, Y}
Note:
a) In a set notation, order is not important.
Example:
A = {x : x ∈ N, x < 5}
Note: It may be observed that we describe the set by using a symbol (x or y or z etc.) for elements of
the set.
→ Types of set:
→ Empty set (or) Null set (or) Void set: A set, which does not contain any element is called an empty
set (or) a null set (or) a void set.
Example :
Note: ∅ and { 0 } are two different sets. {0} is a set containing the single element ‘0’ while { } is a null
set.
Examples:
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Example – 1 : The set {3, 4, 5, 6} is a finite set, because it contains a definite number of elements i.e.,
only 4 elements.
Example – 3 : An empty set, which does not contain any element (no element) is also a finite set.
→ Infinite set: A set whose elements cannot be listed, that type of set is called infinite set.
ii) J = {x : x is a multiple of 7}
iii) The set of all points in a plane. s|s A set is infinite if it is not finite.
→ Equal sets: Two sets are said to be equal, if they have exactly the same elements.
For example: The set A and B are having same elements i.e., watch, ring, flower are said to be equal
sets.
→ Cardinal number: The number of elements in a set is called the cardinal number of the set.
It is represented by n(A) = 3
→ Universal set: A
APset which
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6th consists of all the sets underAP
consideration
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(or) discussion
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universal set. (or) A set containing all objects or elements and of which all other sets or subsets.
Example:
ii) If we want to study various groups of people of our state, universal set is the set of all people in
Andhra Pradesh.
→ Subset: If every element of first set (A) is also an element of second set (B), then first set (A) is said
to be a subset of second set (B).
→ It is represented as A ⊂ B.
Example :
→ A set doesn’t change if one or more elements of the set are repeated.
→ If A ⊂ B, B ⊂ C ⇒ A ⊂ C.
→ Venn Diagrams:
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diagram or simply Venn diagram
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relationships between sets.
→ Basic operations on sets: In sets, we define the operations of union, intersection and difference of
sets.
→ Union of sets: The union of two or more sets is the set of all those elements which are either
individual (or) both in common.
→ In symbolic form, union of two sets A and B is written as A ∪ B and usually read as “A union B”.
→ The union of the sets can be represented by a Venn diagram as shown (shaded portion).
→ Roster form of union of sets : Let A = {a, e, i, o, u} and B = (a, i, u} then A ∪ B = {a, e, i, o, u} ∪ { a, i,
u} = {a, e, i, o, u}
→ Intersection of sets: The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements which
belong to both A and B.
→ We denote intersection
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→ The intersection of A and B can be illustrated in the Venn diagram as shown in the shaded portion
in the adjacent figure.
→ Disjoint set: Consider A and B are two finite sets and if there are no common element in both A
and B. Such set is known as disjoint set (or A ∩ B = ∅).
(or)
Two sets (finite) are said to be disjoint sets if they have no common elements. That is if the
intersection of two sets is a null set they are disjoint sets.
→ The disjoint sets can be represented by means of the Venn diagrams as shown in the adjacent
figure.
→ Difference of sets: The difference of sets A and B is the set of elements which belong to ‘A’ but do
not belong to ‘B’.
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→ Venn-diagram of B – A is
→A–B≠B–A
Class 10
AP SSC 10th Class Maths Notes Chapter 1 Real Numbers
AP SSC 10th Class Maths Notes Chapter 3 Polynomials
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