LESSON 4: Advanced Spreadsheet Skills

What is a Spreadsheet Software?

• allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations on the data
• These rows and columns collectively are called worksheet.

Examples of Spreadsheet Software:

• LibreOffice Calc
• OpenOffice.org Calc
• Google Sheets
• Apple iWork Numbers
• Kingsoft Office Spreadsheets
• StarOffice Calc
• Microsoft Excel

MICROSOFT EXCEL
To open Microsoft Excel, Press “Windows Logo” + R then type “excel” then enter.
Key Terms in MS Excel: • Row – horizontal line of entries in a table • Column – vertical line of
entries in a table • Cell – the place where info. is held in a spreadsheet
Key Terms in MS Excel: • Active Cell – the selected cell • Column Heading – the box at the top of
each column containing a letter • Row Heading – the row number
Key Terms in MS Excel: • Cell Reference – the cell address of the cell usually combine letter and
number (ex. A1, B4, C2) • Merge – combining or joining two or more cells • Formula – is an
expression which calculates the value of a cell.
Key Terms in MS Excel: • Functions – are predefined formulas and are already available in Excel •
Formula Bar – the bar that displays the contents of a cell
FUNCTIONS
BASIC MATH OPERATIONS: • =SUM(x,y) or =SUM(range) – returns the sum of x and y or
(all the numbers within the range) • =PRODUCT(x,y) – returns the product of x and y •
=QUOTIENT(x,y) – returns the quotient of x divided by y • =x-y – returns the difference of x
subtracted by y
BASIC MATH OPERATIONS: • =x+y – returns the sum of x and y • =x*y – returns the product
of x and y • =x/y – returns the quotient of x divided by y • =x-y – returns the difference of x
subtracted by y

OTHER FUNCTIONS:
• =ABS(x) – returns the absolute value of x • =AVERAGE(x,y) – returns the average of x and y
• =CONCATENATE(x,y) – joins x and y
• =IF(Condition, x, y) – returns x if the condition is true, else it returns y
• =ISEVEN(x) – returns true if x is an even number
• =ISODD(x) – returns true if x is an odd number
• =COUNT(range) – counts the number of cell containing a number within a range
• =COUNTIF(range, criteria) – count the number of cell that fits with the criteria within the range
• =ISNUMBER(x) – returns true if x is a number
• =ISTEXT(x) – returns true if x is a text
• =LEN(x) – returns the length of characters in x
• =PROPER(x) – returns the proper casing of x
• =LEFT(x,y) – returns the characters of x specified by y (from the left)
• =RIGHT(x,y) – returns the characters of x specified by y (from the right)
• =PI() – returns the value of pi
• =MIN(x,y) – returns the smallest number between x and y
• =MAX(x,y) – returns the largest number between x and y
• =MIN(range) – returns the smallest number within the range
• =MAX(range) – returns the largest number within the range
• =POWER(x,y) – returns the value of x raised to the power of y
• =ROUND(x,y) – rounds x to a specified number of digits (y) =COLUMN(x) – returns the column
number of x
• =ROW(x) – returns the row number of x
• =SQRT(x) – returns the square root of x
• =TRIM(x) – removes extra spaces in x
• =UPPER(x) – returns x in all capital form
• =LOWER(x) – returns x in non- capital form
• =TODAY() – returns the current date
• =NOW() – returns the current date and time

EXERCISES
Consider this data: NAME MATH GRADE SCIENCE GRADE FILIPINO GRADE ENGLISH
GRADE A.P GRADE MARK 75 70 78 81 78 PETE 84 87 86 88 85 ANA 91 92 95 90 90 REA 73
75 74 75 70

Give the formulas to get : • Mark’s , Pete’s, Ana’s and Rea’s averages • The highest grade that Ana
got • The lowest grade that Mark got? • Sum of all Math Grade? Science? A.P.? • Sum of all Rea’s
Grades • The Lowest Number among all grades • The remarks (Passed or Failed)

Now, consider this data: FIRST NAME MIDDLE NAME LAST NAME MARK CURTIS
WILLIAMS PETE MCCLOEY HARRISON ANA MONROE FRITZ REA TAN COLLINS
Give the formulas to get : • Mark’s Full Name • Ana’s Full Name in Proper Case • Count the
number of letters that Pete’s Last Name has • “COLL” from Rea’s Last Name • “LOEY” from
Pete’s Middle Name • Combining “WILL” and “LINS” from Mark and Rea’s Last Names
respectively
LESSON 5: Advanced Presentation Skills
Powerpoint is a highly innovative and versatile program that can ensure a successful
communication whether you’re presenting in front of potential investors, a lecture theatre or simply
in front of your colleagues. The following are the five features you should be using-if youy aren’t
already. Learn everything about these tips: they will improve your presentation skills and allow you
to communicate your message successfully. The five features of powerpoint was

1)adding smart art

2)Inserting Shapes
3)Inserting and Image
4)Slide Transitions
5)Adding Animations

Creating an Effective Presentation

1. Minimize: Keep slides counts to a minimum to maintain a clear message and to keep the
audience attentive. Remember that the presentation is just a visual aid. Most information should
still come from the reporter.
2.Clarity: Avoid being to fancy by using font style that is easy to read. Make sure that it is also big
enough to be read by the audience. Once you start making your presentation, consider how big the
screen is during your report.
3.Simplicity: Use bullets or short sentences. Summarize the information on the screen to have your
audience focus on what the speaker is saying than on reading the slide. Limit the content to six lines
and seven words per line. This is known as the 6 x 7 rule.
4. Visual: Use graphics to help in your presentation but not too many to distract the audience. In
addition, instead of using table of data, use charts and graphs.
5. Consistency: Make your design uniform. Avoid having different font styles and backgrounds.
6. Contrast: Use a light font on dark background or vice versa. This is done so that it is easier to
read. In most instances, it is easier to read on screen if the background is dark. This is due to the
brightness of the screen.

 
 LESSON 6: Imaging and Design for Online Environment

PHOTO EDITING
 Photo editing encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs,
traditional photo chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known
as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations
with any traditional art medium.

Graphic software programs

 Which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D
modelers are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images.
Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch.
BASIC OF IMAGE EDITING
1. RASTER IMAGESare stored in a computer in the form of a grid of picture elements or pixels.
2. VECTOR IMAGESsuch as Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape and etc. are used to create and modify
vector images, which are stored as descriptions of lines, Bezier curves and text instead of pixels.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RASTER AND VECTOR IMAGES

RASTER IMAGESuse many colored pixels or individual building blocks to form a complete
image JPEGs, GIFs and PNGs are common raster image types. Almost all of the photos found on
the web and in print catalogs are raster images.
 VECTOR IMAGES alternatively, allow for more flexibility. Constructed using mathematical
formulas rather than individual colored blocks, vector file types such as EPS, AI and PDF are
excellent for creating graphics that frequently require resizing.
3. 3D MODELING (OR MODELLING) is the process of developing a mathematical
representation of any three dimensional surface of an object via specialized software. The product is
called a 3D model. It can be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D
rendering or used in a computer simulation or physical phenomena. The model can also be
physically created using 3D printing devices.

IMAGE FORMATS
Ø  JPEG is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for
those images produced by a digital photography.
Ø  PNG (PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS) is a raster graphics file format that supports
lossless data compression.
Ø  GIF a lossless format for image files that supports both animated and static images.
Ø  BMP is a raster graphics image used to store bitmap digital images
Ø  EPS used in vector-based images in Adobe Illustrator.
Ø  SVG is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics w/ support for
interactivity and animation
Ø  .3ds is one of the file formats used by the Autodesk 3Ds Max 3D Modelling, animation and
rendering software.
Ø  .fbx is an exchange format, in particular for interoperability between Autodesk products and
other digital content creation software
FEATURES OF IMAGE EDITORS

SELECTION One of the prerequisites for many of the app mentioned below is a method of
selecting part(s) of an image, thus applying a change selectively without affecting the entire picture
Ø  MARQUEE TOOL for selecting rectangular or other regular polygon-shaped regions
Ø  LASSO TOOL for freehand selection of a region
Ø  MAGIC WAND TOOL selects objects or regions in the image defined by proximity of color or
luminance

LAYERS which are analogous to sheets of transparent acetate, stacked on top of each other, each
capable of being individually positioned, altered and blended with the layers below, w/o affecting
any of the elements on the other layers.

IMAGE SIZE resize images in a process often called image scaling, making them larger, or
smaller. High image resolution cameras can produce large images which are often reduced in size
for Internet use.
CROPPING creates a new image by selecting a desired rectangular portion from the image being
cropped. The unwanted part of the image is discarded. Image cropping does not reduce the
resolution of the area cropped.
CLONING uses the current brush to copy from an image or pattern. It has many uses: one of the
most important is to repair problem areas in digital photos.
IMAGE ORIENTATION – Image editors are capable of altering an image to be rotated in any
direction and to any degree. Mirror images can be created and images can be horizontally flipped or
vertically flopped. Rotated image usually require cropping afterwards, in order to remove the
resulting gaps at the image edges.

PERSPECTIVE – is the art of drawing solid objects on a two- dimensional surface so as to give
the right impression of their height, width, depth and position in relation to each other when viewed
from a particular point.
SHARPENING AND SOFTENING– Sharpening makes images clearer. Too much sharpening
causes grains on the surface of the image. Softening makes images softer that removes some of the
highly visible flaws. Too much causes the image to blur.

SATURATION- is an expression for the relative bandwidth of the visible output from a light
source. As saturation increase, colors appear more “pure.’’ As saturation decreases, colors appear
more ‘’ washed-out.’’
CONTRAST AND BRIGHTENING
Contrast of images and brighten or darken the image. Underexposed images can be often be
improved by using this feature.

Brightening lightens the image so the photo brightens up. Brightness is a relative expression of the
intensity of the energy output of a visible light source.

Adjusting contrast means adjusting brightness because they work together to make a better image.

PHOTO MANIPULATION
Photo manipulation involves transforming or altering a photograph using various methods and
techniques to achieve desired results. Some photo manipulations are considered skillful artwork
while others are frowned upon as unethical practices, especially when used to deceive the public,
such as hat used for political propaganda , or to make a product or person look better.
   
DIFFERENCES
PHOTO EDITING – signifies the regular process used to enhance photos and to create them
‘’Actual editing simple process’’. Also includes some of the regular programs used for editing and
expose how to use them.
PHOTO MANIPULATION – includes all simple editing techniques and have some manipulation
techniques like erasing, adding objects , adding some graphical effects, background correction,
creating incredible effect, change elements in an image,  adding styles , eliminating blemishes from
a  person’s face and changing the features of a person’s body.

b.) Infographics
 also known as data visualization, information design, and communication design
 It is any graphic that display and explains information, whether that be data or words. When we use
the term ‘’infographics’’, we’re using it as a general term used to describe data presented in a visual
way.
 Infographics are important because they change the way people find and experience stories.
Infographics are being used to augment editorial content on the web, it create a new way of seeing
the world of data, and they help communicate complex ideas in a clear and beautiful way.
TYPES OF INFOGRAPHICS
1. Statistical
2. Process Flow
3. Geographic
PROCESS OF MAKING INFOGRAPHICS
1. Research
2. a)Know what is needed
3. b)Take a reference
4. c)Know the audience
5. d)Decide the type of infographics
6. Brainstorm
7. a)Gather ideas
8. b)Build thought process
9. Design
10.a)    Choose your tool and start designing
11.Review
12.a)     Cross check the data to deliver flawless output
13.Launch
14.a)    Make it viral
15.b)    Share on social network
BEST PRACTICES WHEN CREATING INFOGRAPHICS
1. a)Maintain a structure
2. b)Don’t use more than 3 color palletes
3. c)Typography matters a lot
4. d)Include source and references